The history of Luxembourg consists of the history of the country of Luxembourg and its geographical area.
Luxembourg is a parliamentary representative democratic monarchy, whereby the prime minister is the head of government, and the multi-party system. Executive power is under the constitution of 1868, as amended, exercised by the government, by the grand duke and the Council of Government (cabinet), which consists of a prime minister and several other ministers. Usually, the prime minister is the leader of the political party or coalition of parties having the most seats in parliament. Legislative power is vested in both the government and parliament. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature.
The Christian Social People's Party, abbreviated to CSV or PCS, is the largest political party in Luxembourg. The party follows a Christian-democratic and conservative ideology and, like most parties in Luxembourg, is strongly pro-European. The CSV is a member of the European People's Party (EPP) and the Centrist Democrat International (CDI).
The Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party, abbreviated to LSAP or POSL, is a social-democratic, pro-European political party in Luxembourg. The LSAP sits on the centre-left of the political spectrum.
The Democratic Party, abbreviated to DP, is the major social-liberal political party in Luxembourg. One of the three major parties, the DP sits on the centre-right, with some centrist factions holding moderate market liberal views combined with a strong emphasis on civil liberties, human rights, and internationalism.
Jean Asselborn is a Luxembourgish former politician who served in the government of Luxembourg as Minister for Foreign Affairs from 2004 until 2023. He also served as Deputy Prime Minister from 2004 to 2013, under Prime Minister Jean-Claude Juncker. At the time of his retirement from national politics in 2024, he consistently ranked as the most popular politician in Luxembourg, with a popularity rate of around 80%.
Claude Meisch is a Luxembourgish politician with a degree in financial mathematics from Trier university. Meisch was appointed Minister of Education in 2013 in the government of Xavier Bettel, a post he held until 2023. He was appointed Minister of Education and Youth and as Minister of Housing in 2023 in the government of Luc Frieden He has been a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1999 to 2013 and Mayor of Differdange since 2002. He was President of the Democratic Party (DP) from 2004 until 2013, of which he has been a member since 1994.
Luc Frieden is a Luxembourgish politician and lawyer who serves as the 25th prime minister of Luxembourg since November 2023. A member of the Christian Social People's Party (CSV), he held numerous cabinet positions in the Luxembourgish government between 1998 and 2013, notably serving as the minister for the Treasury and Budget during the transition from the Franc to the Euro and as Minister of Finance during the European debt crisis. Frieden was president of the Luxembourgish Chamber of Commerce and Eurochambres, the business federation of European Chambers of Commerce and Industry.
Xavier Bettel is a Luxembourgish lawyer and politician who serves as the 14th deputy prime minister of Luxembourg and as the minister for Foreign Affairs since 2023. He served as the 24th prime minister of Luxembourg from 2013 to 2023. He was a member of the Chamber of Deputies (1999–2013) and Mayor of Luxembourg City (2011–2013).
François Bausch is a Luxembourgish politician of the Greens who served as Second Deputy Prime Minister of Luxembourg from 2019 to 2023. He is a member of the Chamber of Deputies since 2023. Before entering the government in 2013 was leader of the Greens in the Chamber.
Early general elections were held in Luxembourg on 20 October 2013. The elections were called after Prime Minister Jean-Claude Juncker, at the time the longest-serving head of government in the European Union, announced his resignation over a spy scandal involving the Service de Renseignement de l'État (SREL). The review found Juncker deficient in his control over the service.
The First Bettel Government was the ruling government of Luxembourg from 4 December 2013 to 5 December 2018. It was led by Prime Minister Xavier Bettel and Deputy Prime Minister Etienne Schneider. It was formed on 4 December 2013, after the 2013 election which saw all 60 seats in the Chamber of Deputies renewed. The government was a traffic light coalition between the Democratic Party (DP), the Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party (LSAP) and The Greens. It was succeeded by second Bettel Government on 5 December 2018.
General elections were held in Luxembourg on 14 October 2018. All 60 seats of the Chamber of Deputies were renewed.
The Bettel II government was the government of Luxembourg from 2018 to 2023. It was led by Prime Minister Xavier Bettel and co-Deputy Prime Ministers Paulette Lenert and François Bausch. It was formed on 5 December 2018, after the 2018 election which saw all 60 seats in the Chamber of Deputies renewed. The government was a continuation of the traffic light coalition between the Democratic Party (DP), the Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party (LSAP) and The Greens from the First Bettel–Schneider Ministry, with minor changes.
Luxembourg–Mexico relations are the diplomatic relations between the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg and the United Mexican States. Both nations are members of the OECD and the United Nations.
General elections were held in Luxembourg on 8 October 2023 to elect all 60 seats of the Chamber of Deputies.
Serge Wilmes is a Luxembourgish politician of the Christian Social People's Party (CSV), serving as Minister of the Environment, Climate and Biodiversity and Minister of Public Service in the Frieden-Bettel Government. He was previously a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 2011 to 2023 and an alderman of Luxembourg City from 2017 to 2023.
Events in the year 2024 in Luxembourg.
Elisabeth Margue is a Luxembourgish politician and lawyer who has been serving as the minister of justice since 17 November 2023.
Stéphanie Obertin, is a Luxembourgish politician and physician who has been serving as Minister for Digitization and Minister for Higher Education and Research since 17 November 2023.
