Meloni government

Last updated

Meloni government
Flag of Italy.svg
68th Cabinet of Italy
Incumbent
Giorgia Meloni Official 2023 crop.jpg
Date formed22 October 2022(17 months ago) (2022-10-22)
People and organisations
Head of state Sergio Mattarella
Head of government Giorgia Meloni
Deputy head of government Antonio Tajani
Matteo Salvini
No. of ministers25 (incl. Prime Minister)
Member parties
Status in legislature Majority (coalition)
Chamber of Deputies:
237 / 400 (59%)
Senate:
116 / 205 (57%)
Opposition parties
History
Election(s) 2022 election
Legislature term(s) XIX Legislature (2022–present)
Incoming formation 2022 government formation
Predecessor Draghi government

The Meloni government is the 68th government of the Italian Republic, the first headed by Giorgia Meloni, leader of Brothers of Italy, who is also the first woman to hold the office of Prime Minister of Italy. [1] [2] [3] The government was sworn in on 22 October 2022. [4] [5] It was one of the fastest government formations in the history of the Italian Republic. [6] It was variously described as a shift to the political right, [7] as well as the first far-right-led coalition in Italy since World War II. [8] [9]

Contents

Supporting parties

PartyMain ideologyLeader
Government parties
Brothers of Italy (FdI) National conservatism Giorgia Meloni
League (Lega) Right-wing populism Matteo Salvini
Forza Italia (FI) Liberal conservatism Silvio Berlusconi (died on 12 June 2023)
Antonio Tajani (since 15 July 2023)
Parties with secondary government positions
Us Moderates (NM) Liberal conservatism Maurizio Lupi
External support
Union of the Centre (UdC) Christian democracy Lorenzo Cesa
Coraggio Italia (CI) Liberal conservatism Luigi Brugnaro
Associative Movement of Italians Abroad (MAIE) Italians abroad interests Ricardo Merlo
Animalist Movement (MA) Animal rights Michela Vittoria Brambilla

History

Government formation

Delegation of the centre-right coalition at the Quirinal Palace Centrodestra Quirinale 2022.jpg
Delegation of the centre-right coalition at the Quirinal Palace

Immediately after the first meeting of the Italian Parliament's new legislature, tensions began to grow within the centre-right coalition. On 13 October, Silvio Berlusconi refused to support Ignazio La Russa, [10] a politician with a neo-fascist background and the Brothers of Italy (FdI) candidate to be President of the Senate of the Republic. [11] [12] [13] He succeeded in being elected by obtaining 116 votes out of 206 in the first round, [14] thanks to the support from opposition parties to the centre-right coalition. [15] [16] Tensions further grew, in particular between Berlusconi and Giorgia Meloni, whom Berlusconi described as "patronising, overbearing, arrogant" and "offensive" in a series of written notes in the Senate. [17] [18] In the following days, after meetings between parties' leader, tensions loosened and the centre-right coalition parties reached an agreement on the formation of the new cabinet. [1]

The Meloni government at the Quirinal Palace for the swearing in ceremony Governo Meloni.jpg
The Meloni government at the Quirinal Palace for the swearing in ceremony

On 20 October, consultations between President Sergio Mattarella and parties officially began. On the following day, delegates from FdI, the League (Lega), whose member Lorenzo Fontana had been elected President of the Chamber of Deputies on 14 October), [19] [20] Forza Italia (FI), and the group of Civics of Italy–Us Moderates–MAIE told Mattarella they had reached an agreement to form a coalition government with Meloni as Prime Minister. [2] [21] In the afternoon, Mattarella summoned Meloni to the Quirinal Palace, asking her to form a new government. [3] Meloni accepted the task, and on the same day assembled a cabinet, which was officially sworn in on 22 October. [4] [5] [22] She is the first woman to hold the office of Prime Minister. [7] [8] [9] The government successfully won the confidence vote, held in late October, [23] [24] with a comfortable majority in both houses. [25] [26] [27]

On 25 October, Meloni gave her first official speech as Prime Minister in front of the Chamber of Deputies, before the confidence vote on her government. During her speech, she stressed the weight of being the first woman to serve as head of the Italian government. [28] Meloni thanked several Italian women, notably including Tina Anselmi, Samantha Cristoforetti, Grazia Deledda, Oriana Fallaci, Nilde Iotti, Rita Levi-Montalcini, and Maria Montessori, who she said, "with the boards of their own examples, built the ladder that today allows me to climb and break the heavy glass ceiling placed over our heads." [29] [30] On 31 October, the government nominated its deputy ministers and undersecretaries. [31] Galeazzo Bignami, one of the chosen deputy ministers, [32] [33] caused controversy and garnered international attention as a 2005 photo of him with a Nazi armband became public. [34] [35]

Investiture vote

25–26 October 2022
Investiture votes for the Meloni government [36] [37]
House of Parliament VotePartiesVotes
Chamber of Deputies
(Voting: 389 of 400, Majority: 195)		Yes check.svgYes FdI, Lega, FI, CdI–NM–MAIE
235 / 389
X mark.svgNo PD–IDP, M5S, A–IV, AVS, +E
154 / 389
Abstention SVP, ScN
5 / 389
Senate of the Republic
(Voting: 199 of 206, Majority: 98)		Yes check.svgYes FdI, Lega, FI, CdI–NM–MAIE
115 / 199
X mark.svgNo PD–IDP, M5S, A–IV, AVS, +E, SVP [lower-alpha 1]
79 / 199
Abstention SVP, ScN
5 / 199
  1. ↑ One SVP senator voted in favour, the other against.

Domestic policies

Meloni's government first decree law was related to the ergastolo ostativo, [38] the prison regime that excludes the perpetrators of violent crimes, in particular those related to the mafia and terrorism, from receiving benefits in prison unless they collaborate with the justice system, which are known as collaboratori di giustizia. In 2021, the Constitutional Court of Italy held that this was unconstitutional, and this decree law was previously approved in the Chamber on 31 March 2022 but did not make it to the Senate due to the snap elections. [39] One of the first measures implemented by the government regarded COVID-19 and concerned in the complete removal of the COVID-19 vaccination certificate, known in Italy as the Green Pass; moreover, the non-vaccinated doctors were re-integrated into service. [40] [41] Another policy deemed of priority by the new right-wing government is raising the cash ceiling, which critics argue it favours tax evasion and unreported employment, while its proponents including Meloni reject this; [42] a poll by Izi showed that 6 out of 10 right-wing voters agreed that such a law would favour unreported employment. [43]

On 31 October, the government approved a decree providing for a penalty of up to six years of imprisonment for illegal parties and rallies. [44] This came amid anti-fascist protests at La Sapienza University, [45] which were subject of criticism due to the police's response, [46] [47] [48] and a rally in Predappio, where Benito Mussolini is buried, to commemorate the centenary of the March on Rome that led to the takeover of Mussolini and Italian fascism of the government. [49] [50] Despite being officially presented as a decree against illegal rave parties, [51] the law was applicable to any gathering over 50 people that the public authority deemed dangerous, [52] [53] [54] which garnered criticism, [55] [56] [57] including from jurist Vitalba Azzolini. [58] The decree also caused protests from opposition parties and civil rights associations; according to Amnesty International, the decree "risked undermining the right to peaceful protest", [59] while Giuseppe Conte of the Five Star Movement compared it to a police state. [60] The law was also contested by FI, [61] [62] which asked for changes, [63] including the reduction of sentences to four years, [64] while it was mainly supported by FdI and Lega, [65] and FdI's justice minister Carlo Nordio was reportedly upset by the law. [66]

Party breakdown

Beginning of term

Ministers

10
5
5
5

Ministers and other members

Current

Ministers

10
5
5
5

Ministers and other members

  • Brothers of Italy (FdI): prime minister, 9 ministers, 4 deputy ministers, 13 undersecretaries
  • League (Lega): 5 ministers, 2 deputy ministers, 9 undersecretaries
  • Forza Italia (FI): 5 ministers, 2 deputy ministers, 6 undersecretaries
  • Independents: 5 ministers, 1 undersecretary
  • Us Moderates (NM): 1 undersecretary

Geographical breakdown

A choropleth map showing the number of ministers from each region of Italy Regional Composition of the Italian Council of Ministers (Meloni Cabinet 2022).svg
A choropleth map showing the number of ministers from each region of Italy

Council of Ministers

OfficeNamePartyTerm
Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni Brothers of Italy 2022–present
Deputy Prime Ministers Matteo Salvini League 2022–present
Antonio Tajani Forza Italia 2022–present
Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation Antonio Tajani Forza Italia 2022–present
Minister of the Interior Matteo Piantedosi Independent 2022–present
Minister of Justice Carlo Nordio Brothers of Italy 2022–present
Minister of Defence Guido Crosetto Brothers of Italy 2022–present
Minister of Economy and Finance Giancarlo Giorgetti League 2022–present
Minister of Business and Made in Italy Adolfo Urso Brothers of Italy 2022–present
Minister of Agriculture, Food Sovereignty and Forests Francesco Lollobrigida Brothers of Italy 2022–present
Minister of the Environment and Energy Security Gilberto Pichetto Fratin Forza Italia 2022–present
Minister of Infrastructure and Transport Matteo Salvini League 2022–present
Minister of Labour and Social Policies Marina Calderone Independent 2022–present
Minister of Education and Merit Giuseppe Valditara League 2022–present
Minister of University and Research Anna Maria Bernini Forza Italia 2022–present
Minister of Culture Gennaro Sangiuliano Independent 2022–present
Minister of Health Orazio Schillaci Independent 2022–present
Minister of Tourism Daniela Santanchè Brothers of Italy 2022–present
Minister for Relations with Parliament Luca Ciriani Brothers of Italy 2022–present
Minister for Public Administration Paolo Zangrillo Forza Italia 2022–present
Minister for Regional Affairs and Autonomies Roberto Calderoli League 2022–present
Minister for Civil Protection and Maritime Policies Nello Musumeci Brothers of Italy 2022–present
Minister for European Affairs, Southern Italy, Cohesion Policy and the NRRP Raffaele Fitto Brothers of Italy 2022–present
Minister for Sport and Youth Andrea Abodi Independent 2022–present
Minister for Family, Birth Rate and Equal Opportunities Eugenia Roccella Brothers of Italy 2022–present
Minister for Disabilities Alessandra Locatelli League 2022–present
Minister for Institutional Reforms and Regulatory Simplification Elisabetta Casellati Forza Italia 2022–present
Secretary of the Council of Ministers Alfredo Mantovano Independent 2022–present

Composition

OfficePortraitNameTerm of officeParty
Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni Official 2023 crop.jpg Giorgia Meloni 22 October 2022 – present Brothers of Italy
Undersecretaries
Deputy Prime Minister MatteoSalvini2018 (cropped).jpg Matteo Salvini 22 October 2022 – present League
Antonio Tajani daticamera 2022 (cropped).jpg Antonio Tajani 22 October 2022 – present Forza Italia
Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation Antonio Tajani daticamera 2022 (cropped).jpg Antonio Tajani 22 October 2022 – present Forza Italia
Deputy Minister
Undersecretaries
Minister of the Interior Matteo Piantedosi Ministro crop.png Matteo Piantedosi 22 October 2022 – present Independent (close to League)
Undersecretaries
Minister of Justice Carlo Nordio daticamera 2022.jpg Carlo Nordio 22 October 2022 – present Brothers of Italy
Deputy Minister
Undersecretaries
Minister of Defence Guido Crosetto foto ufficiale cropped.jpg Guido Crosetto 22 October 2022 – present Brothers of Italy
Undersecretaries
Minister of Economy and Finance Giancarlo Giorgetti daticamera 2022.jpg Giancarlo Giorgetti 22 October 2022 – present League
Deputy Minister
Undersecretaries
Minister of Business and Made in Italy Adolfo Urso datisenato 2022 (cropped).jpg Adolfo Urso 22 October 2022 – present Brothers of Italy
Deputy Minister
Undersecretaries
Minister of Agriculture, Food Sovereignty and Forests Francesco Lollobrigida datiCamera 2022.jpg Francesco Lollobrigida 22 October 2022 – present Brothers of Italy
Undersecretaries
Minister for the Environment and Energy Security Gilberto Pichetto Fratin daticamera.jpg Gilberto Pichetto Fratin 22 October 2022 – present Forza Italia
Deputy Minister
Undersecretary
Minister of Infrastructure and Transport MatteoSalvini2018 (cropped).jpg Matteo Salvini 22 October 2022 – present League
Deputy Minister
Undersecretaries
Minister of Labour and Social Policies Marina Elvra Calderone (cropped).jpeg Marina Elvira Calderone 22 October 2022 – present Independent
Deputy Minister
Undersecretary
Minister of Education and Merit Giuseppe Valditara (cropped).jpg Giuseppe Valditara 22 October 2022 – present League
Undersecretary
Minister of University and Research Anna Maria Bernini 2022 (cropped).jpg Anna Maria Bernini 22 October 2022 – present Forza Italia
Undersecretary
Minister of Culture Gennaro Sangiuliano 2022 (cropped).jpg Gennaro Sangiuliano 22 October 2022 – present Independent (close to FdI)
Undersecretaries
Minister of Health Ministro Orazio Schillaci (cropped).jpg Orazio Schillaci 22 October 2022 – present Independent
Undersecretaries
Minister of Tourism Daniela Santanche 2022 (cropped).jpg Daniela Santanchè 22 October 2022 – present Brothers of Italy
Minister for Relations with Parliament
(without portfolio)		 Luca Ciriani datisenato 2022 (cropped).jpg Luca Ciriani 22 October 2022 – present Brothers of Italy
Undersecretary
Minister for Public Administration
(without portfolio)		 Paolo Zangrillo datisenato 2022 (cropped).jpg Paolo Zangrillo 22 October 2022 – present Forza Italia
Minister for Regional Affairs and Autonomies
(without portfolio)		 Roberto Calderoli 2018 (cropped).jpg Roberto Calderoli 22 October 2022 – present League
Minister for Civil Protection and Maritime Policies
(without portfolio)		 Nello Musumeci 2022 (cropped).jpg Nello Musumeci 22 October 2022 – present Brothers of Italy
Minister for European Affairs, Southern Italy, Cohesion Policy and the NRRP
(without portfolio)		 Raffaele Fitto daticamera 2022 (cropped).jpg Raffaele Fitto 22 October 2022 – present Brothers of Italy
Minister for Sport and Youth
(without portfolio)		 Andrea Abodi (cropped).jpg Andrea Abodi 22 October 2022 – present Independent
Minister for Family, Birth Rate and Equal Opportunities
(without portfolio)		 Eugenia Roccella daticamera 2022.jpg Eugenia Roccella 22 October 2022 – present Brothers of Italy
Minister for Disabilities
(without portfolio)		 Locatelli Alessandra 2021 (cropped).jpg Alessandra Locatelli 22 October 2022 – present League
Minister for Institutional Reforms and Regulatory Simplification
(without portfolio)		 Maria Elisabetta Alberti Casellati (cropped).jpg Elisabetta Casellati 22 October 2022 – present Forza Italia
Secretary of the Council of Ministers Alfredo Mantovano 2022 (cropped).jpg Alfredo Mantovano 22 October 2022 – present Independent

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References

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  25. ↑ Cipolla, Alessandro; Imparato, Rosaria (25 October 2022). "Meloni alla Camera, diretta video voto di fiducia al governo: cosa ha detto nella replica la presidente del Consiglio" [Meloni in the Chamber, live video vote of confidence in the government: what the prime minister said in response]. Money (in Italian). Archived from the original on 26 October 2022. Retrieved 26 October 2022.
  26. ↑ "Il Senato vota la fiducia al governo Meloni: 115 sì, 79 no e 5 astenuti" [The Senate votes for confidence in the Meloni government: 115 yes, 79 no, and 5 abstentions] (in Italian). Agenzia Nazionale Stampa Associata. 26 October 2022. Archived from the original on 26 October 2022. Retrieved 26 October 2022.
  27. ↑ "Governo Meloni, le ultime notizie. Fiducia in Senato per l'esecutivo: 115 sì e 79 no" [Meloni government, the latest news. Confidence in the Senate for the executive: 115 yes and 79 no]. Sky TG24 (in Italian). Archived from the original on 26 October 2022. Retrieved 26 October 2022.
  28. ↑ Jakhnagiev, Alexander (25 October 2022). "Meloni alla Camera, l'applauso al suo arrivo e l'abbraccio di Salvini" [Melons in the Chamber, the applause on her arrival and Salvini's hug]. Corriere della Sera (in Italian). Archived from the original on 25 October 2022. Retrieved 25 October 2022.
  29. ↑ "Governo, da Iotti a Cristoforetti: le donne che 'hanno osato' citate da Meloni" [Government, from Iotti to Cristoforetti: the women who 'dared' cited by Meloni]. Adnkronos . 25 October 2022. Archived from the original on 25 October 2022. Retrieved 25 October 2022.
  30. ↑ De Rosa, Gianluca. "Meloni citazionista: da Steve Jobs a Giovanni Paolo II, tutti i riferimenti del suo discorso" [Meloni quotationist: from Steve Jobs to John Paul II, all the references of her speech]. Il Foglio (in Italian). Archived from the original on 25 October 2022. Retrieved 25 October 2022.
  31. ↑ Piccolillo, Virginia (31 October 2022). "I sottosegretari: Sgarbi alla Cultura, alla Difesa Rauti. Ci sono Fazzolari e Borgonzoni I nomi" [Undersecretaries: Sgarbi for Culture, Rauti to the Defense. There are Fazzolari and Borgonzoni The names]. Corriere della Sera (in Italian). Archived from the original on 2 November 2022. Retrieved 3 November 2022.
  32. ↑ Buj, Anna (1 November 2022). "Galeazzo Bignami: Un político que se disfrazó de nazi entra como viceministro en el Gobierno italiano" [Galeazzo Bignami: A politician who dressed himself as a Nazi enters the Italian Government as deputy minister]. La Vanguardia (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2 November 2022. Retrieved 3 November 2022.
  33. ↑ "Giorgia Meloni appoints minister once pictured wearing Nazi armband". The Guardian . 1 November 2022. Archived from the original on 2 November 2022. Retrieved 3 November 2022.
  34. ↑ "Italy's Meloni picks Nazi-armband lawmaker as junior minister". Reuters . 31 October 2022. Archived from the original on 1 November 2022. Retrieved 3 November 2022.
  35. ↑ Brezar, Aleksandar (1 November 2022). "Italy: Meloni's deputy minister blasted over 2005 Nazi uniform photo". Euronews. Archived from the original on 1 November 2022. Retrieved 3 November 2022.
  36. ↑ "Resoconto stenografico – Seduta di martedì 25 ottobre 2022" [Stenographic report – Session of Tuesday 25 October 2022](PDF) (in Italian). Chamber of Deputies. 25 October 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 October 2022. Retrieved 26 October 2022.
  37. ↑ "Resoconto stenografico – Seduta di mercoledì 26 ottobre 2022" [Stenographic report – Session of Wednesday 26 October 2022] (in Italian). Senate of the Republic. 26 October 2022. Archived from the original on 26 October 2022. Retrieved 27 October 2022.
  38. ↑ "Qual è la nuova questione sull'ergastolo ostativo". Il Post (in Italian). 3 November 2022. Retrieved 4 November 2022.
  39. ↑ "Sull'ergastolo ostativo il governo ripropone un testo che Fratelli d'Italia non votò". Pagella Politica (in Italian). 2 November 2022. Retrieved 4 November 2022.
  40. ↑ "Governo Meloni, le news. Cdm dà ok a dl unico su Covid, carcere ostativo e Rave party". Sky TG24 (in Italian). 31 October 2022. Retrieved 3 November 2022.
  41. ↑ "I primi provvedimenti del governo Meloni". 31 October 2022.
  42. ↑ "Meloni: 'Metteremo mano al tetto al contante, nessuna correlazione con l'evasione'". Il Fatto Quotidiano (in Italian). 26 October 2022. Retrieved 3 November 2022.
  43. ↑ Salvini, Giacomo (2 November 2022). "Per 6 elettori di destra su 10 il tetto al contante farà aumentare il nero". Il Fatto Quotidiano (in Italian). Retrieved 3 November 2022.
  44. ↑ "The party's over for illegal raves, Italy's new government says". Reuters. 1 November 2022. Retrieved 3 November 2022.
  45. ↑ "Sapienza, termina l'occupazione ma non la protesta" (in Italian). RAI. 28 September 2022. Retrieved 4 November 2022.
  46. ↑ Polver, Mattia (25 October 2022). "Sapienza Roma, scontri e violenze all'esterno dell'ateneo". TAG24 (in Italian). Retrieved 4 November 2022.
  47. ↑ "Cariche alla Sapienza, Conte: 'Vedere manganelli contro studenti indifesi fa venire i brividi. Preoccupato da cittadino e professore'". Il Fatto Quotidiano (in Italian). 25 October 2022. Retrieved 4 November 2022.
  48. ↑ Marceca, Romina (27 October 2022). "Manganellate alla Sapienza, la rettrice prende le distanze dalla polizia: 'Hanno agito di loro iniziativa'". La Repubblica (in Italian). Retrieved 4 November 2022.
  49. ↑ "Predappio, in migliaia al raduno per centenario della Marcia su Roma". Sky TG24 (in Italian). 30 October 2022. Retrieved 4 November 2022.
  50. ↑ Cangemi, Annalisa (2 November 2022). "Al raduno dei nostalgici del Ventennio a Predappio 8 persone indagate". Fanpage.it (in Italian). Retrieved 4 November 2022.
  51. ↑ Vizio, Stefano (3 November 2022). "Cosa sono davvero i rave". Il Post (in Italian). Retrieved 4 November 2022.
  52. ↑ "Dalla soglia delle 50 persone alla confisca degli impianti, ecco la stretta sui rave party e le possibili modifiche". Il Sole 24 Ore (in Italian). 2 November 2022. Retrieved 4 November 2022.
  53. ↑ "Il testo del decreto legge anti rave". Corriere della Sera (in Italian). 3 November 2022. Retrieved 4 November 2022.
  54. ↑ Cruccu, Matteo (3 November 2022). "'I rave? Germania e Inghilterra li hanno 'istituzionalizzati' e sono diventati risorsa economica'". Corriere della Sera (in Italian). Retrieved 4 November 2022.
  55. ↑ Boffa, Nadia (1 November 2022). "Meloni party. Primo colpo di democrazia illiberale". HuffPost (in Italian). Retrieved 3 November 2022.
  56. ↑ "Decreto anti-rave, Bianca Balti: 'A quest'ora io sarei dentro con l'ergastolo'". La Stampa (in Italian). 3 November 2022. Retrieved 4 November 2022.
  57. ↑ "Decreto anti rave party, da Bianca Balti a Fiorello: reazioni del mondo dello spettacolo". Sky TG24 (in Italian). 3 November 2022. Retrieved 3 November 2022.
  58. ↑ Vitalba Azzolini [@vitalbaa] (31 October 2022). "Gazzetta Ufficiale. Confermo quanto avevo scritto. Norma insidiosa, scritta male, in teoria applicabile a qualunque raduno che l'autorità pubblica reputi pericoloso a suo giudizio. Giudizio del tutto discrezionale, perché la norma non fornisce criteri per definire la pericolosità" (Tweet). Retrieved 3 November 2022– via Twitter.
  59. ↑ Caccia, Fabrizio (1 November 2022). "Scontro sul decreto anti rave. Il Pd e i 5 Stelle: ritiratelo. Salvini: 'Indietro non si torna'". Corriere della Sera (in Italian). Retrieved 3 November 2022.
  60. ↑ "Decreto rave party, Conte: 'Norma da stato di polizia'". Adnkronos (in Italian). 1 November 2022. Retrieved 4 November 2022.
  61. ↑ Olivo, Francesco (2 November 2022). "Governo, è lite sui rave party. Forza Italia vuole stoppare Meloni: 'Servono modifiche in Parlamento'". La Stampa (in Italian). Retrieved 3 November 2022.
  62. ↑ Cangemi, Annalisa (2 November 2022). "Decreto anti rave party approda in Senato: prime crepe nel governo, Forza Italia vuole cambiarlo". Fanpage.it (in Italian). Retrieved 3 November 2022.
  63. ↑ TG24, Sky (3 November 2022). "Decreto anti-rave, governo e Parlamento verso modifiche". tg24.sky.it (in Italian). Retrieved 4 November 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  64. ↑ "Rave party, la mediazione di Forza Italia: 'Abbassare le pene a quattro anni'". La Repubblica (in Italian). 2 November 2022. Retrieved 3 November 2022.
  65. ↑ Montenegro, Ruggiero (3 November 2022). "Forza Italia: 'Correggere la norma anti-rave'. Ma FdI e Lega potrebbero opporsi". Il Foglio (in Italian). Retrieved 3 November 2022.
  66. ↑ Valentini, Valerio (3 November 2022). "Dopo la norma sui rave Nordio è in trincea: 'Faccio il ministro per realizzare le mie idee'". Il Foglio (in Italian). Retrieved 3 November 2022.
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