Legislature I of Italy

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Legislature I of Italy

I legislatura della Repubblica Italiana
1st legislature
Type
Type
Houses Chamber of Deputies
Senate of the Republic
History
Founded8 May 1948 (1948-05-08)
Disbanded24 June 1953 (1953-06-24)
(5 years, 47 days)
Preceded by Constituent Assembly
Succeeded by II Legislature
Leadership
List
Giovanni Gronchi, DC
since 8 May 1948
Structure
Seats574 (C)
343 (S)
Italian Chamber of Deputies, 1948.svg
Chamber of Deputies political groups
  •   DC (305)
  •   FDP (183)
  •   US (33)
  •   BN (19)
  •   PNM (14)
  •   PRI (9)
  •   MSI (6)
  •   SVP (3)
  •   PdCI (1)
  •   PSd'Az (1)
Italy Senate of Republic 1948.svg
Senate political groups
Elections
Proportional
Proportional
Last general election
18 April 1948
Meeting place
Palazzo Montecitorio, Rome (C)
Palazzo Madama, Rome (S)
Website
First Legislature – Chamber of Deputies
First Legislature – Senate
Constitution
Constitution of Italy

The Legislature I of Italy (Italian : I Legislatura della Repubblica Italiana) was the 1st legislature of the Italian Republic, and lasted from 8 May 1948 until 24 June 1953. [1] [2] Its composition was the one resulting from the general election of 18 April 1948.

Contents

Main chronology

In the 1948 general election Christian Democracy (DC) went on to win a decisive victory with the support of the Catholic Church and obtained 48.5% of the vote, defeating the leftist social-communist alliance of the Popular Democratic Front (FDP). Despite his party's absolute majority in the Italian Parliament, Prime Minister Alcide De Gasperi continued to govern at the head of the centrist coalition, which was successively abandoned by the Italian Liberal Party (PLI) in 1950 and by the Socialist Party of Italian Workers (PSLI) in 1951.

Under De Gasperi, the first republican Parliament carried out major land reforms to help the poorer rural regions in the early postwar years, with farms appropriated from the large landowners and parcelled out to the peasants. In addition, the Parliament passed a number of laws safeguarding employees from exploitation, established a national health service, and initiated low-cost housing in Italy’s major cities. [3] Here's a list of the main laws approved by the Parliament:

The end of the legislature was characterized by some controversial changes in the electoral law proposed by the government. Even if the general structure remained uncorrupted, the government introduced a superbonus of two thirds of seats in the Chamber of Deputies for the coalition which would obtain at-large the absolute majority of votes. The change was hugely opposed by the opposition parties as well as the smaller DC coalition partners, which had no realistic chances of success. The new law was called Scam Law by its detractors, [4] including some dissidents of minor government parties who founded special opposition groups to deny the artificial landslide to the DC.

Presidential election

On 10 May 1948 the newly elected Parliament met to elect the first President of Italy. On 11 May 1948 liberal economist Luigi Einaudi was elected on the fourth ballot with 518 votes out of 900.

Government

Prime MinisterPartyTerm of officeGovernmentComposition
Took officeLeft office
Alcide de Gasperi 2.jpg Alcide De Gasperi
(1881–1954)
Christian Democracy 23 May 194827 January 1950 De Gasperi V DCPSLIPLIPRI
( Centrism )
27 January 195026 July 1951 De Gasperi VI DCPSLIPRI
( Centrism )
26 July 195116 July 1953 De Gasperi VII DCPRI
( Centrism )
Confidence votes

De Gasperi V Cabinet

16 June–2 July 1948
Investiture votes for De Gasperi V Cabinet
House of Parliament VotePartiesVotes
Chamber of Deputies
(Voting: 513 of 574,
Majority: 257)
Yes check.svgYYes DC, PSLI, PLI, PRI
346 / 513
X mark.svgNNo FDP, MSI, PNM
167 / 513
Senate of the Republic
(Voting: 255 of 343,
Majority: 128)
Yes check.svgYYes DC, PSLI, PLI, PRI
184 / 255
X mark.svgNNo PCI, PSI, MSI, PNM
67 / 255
AbstentionOthers
4 / 255

De Gasperi VI Cabinet

14 February–1 March 1950
Investiture votes for De Gasperi VI Cabinet
House of Parliament VotePartiesVotes
Chamber of Deputies
(Voting: 503 of 574,
Majority: 252)
Yes check.svgYYes DC, PSLI, PRI
314 / 503
X mark.svgNNo PCI, PSI, PLI, MSI, PNM
189 / 503
Senate of the Republic
(Voting: 296 of 343,
Majority: 149)
Yes check.svgYYes DC, PSLI, PRI
176 / 296
X mark.svgNNo PCI, PSI, PLI, MSI, PNM
110 / 296
AbstentionOthers
10 / 296

De Gasperi VII Cabinet

8–9 August 1951
Investiture votes for De Gasperi VII Cabinet
House of Parliament VotePartiesVotes
Senate of the Republic
(Voting: 260 of 343,
Majority: 131)
Yes check.svgYYes DC, PRI
151 / 260
X mark.svgNNo PCI, PSI, PSLI, PLI, MSI, PNM
101 / 260
AbstentionOthers
8 / 260
Chamber of Deputies
(Voting: 466 of 574,
Majority: 234)
Yes check.svgYYes DC, PRI
291 / 466
X mark.svgNNo PCI, PSI, PSLI, PLI, MSI, PNM
175 / 503

Parliamentary composition

Chamber of Deputies

Giovanni Gronchi, President of the Chamber of Deputies Giovanni Gronchi.jpg
Giovanni Gronchi, President of the Chamber of Deputies
Parliamentary groups in the Chamber of Deputies
Initial composition [5]
(8 May 1948)
Final composition [5]
(24 June 1953)
Parliamentary groupSeatsParliamentary groupSeatsChange
Christian Democracy 305 Christian Democracy 300Decrease2.svg 5
Popular Democratic Front 183 Italian Communist Party 126Decrease2.svg 4
Italian Socialist Party 53
Socialist Unity 33 Socialist Unity 33Steady2.svg
National Bloc 19 Italian Liberal Party 13Decrease2.svg 6
Monarchist National Party 14 Monarchist National Party 19Increase2.svg 5
Italian Republican Party 9 Italian Republican Party 8Decrease2.svg 1
Italian Social Movement 6 Italian Social Movement 6Steady2.svg
Mixed5Mixed16Increase2.svg 11
Südtiroler Volkspartei 3 Südtiroler Volkspartei 3Steady2.svg
Peasants' Party of Italy 1 Peasants' Party of Italy 1Steady2.svg
Sardinian Action Party 1 Sardinian Action Party 1Steady2.svg
Independents – Non inscrits11Increase2.svg 11
Total seats574Total seats574Steady2.svg

    Senate of the Republic

    Ivanoe Bonomi portrait.png
    Enrico De Nicola.jpg
    Giuseppe Paratore.jpg
    Meuccio Ruini.jpg
    Presidents of the Senate: Ivanoe Bonomi (1948–1951), Enrico De Nicola (1951–1952), Giuseppe Paratore (1951–1952), Meuccio Ruini (1952–1953)
    Parliamentary groups in the Senate of the Republic
    Initial composition [6]
    (8 May 1948)
    Final composition [6]
    (24 June 1953)
    Parliamentary groupSeatsParliamentary groupSeatsChange
    Christian Democracy 148 Christian Democracy 146Decrease2.svg 2
    Italian Communist Party 77 Italian Communist Party 73Decrease2.svg 4
    Italian Socialist Party 41 Italian Socialist Party 38Decrease2.svg 3
    Socialist Unity 23 Socialist Unity 21Decrease2.svg 2
    Italian Republican Party 11 Italian Republican Party 7Decrease2.svg 4
    National Bloc 10 Italian Liberal Party 9Decrease2.svg 1
    Italian Social Movement 3 Italian Social Movement 3Steady2.svg
    Mixed30Mixed20Decrease2.svg 10
    Südtiroler Volkspartei 2 Südtiroler Volkspartei 2Steady2.svg
    Sardinian Action Party 1 Sardinian Action Party 1Steady2.svg
    Independents – Non inscrits27Independents – Non inscrits17Decrease2.svg 10
    Total seats343Total seats317 [a] Decrease2.svg 26
    1. Senators elected in 1948 were actually 237. The new Senate was initially composed by newly-elected senators and former members of the Constituent Assembly, of which 32 died during the term and weren't replaced. 8 new lifetime senators were appointed during the term by President Luigi Einaudi.

    Senators for Life

    SenatorMotivationAppointed byFromTill
    Enrico De Nicola Former President of Italy ex officio [ broken anchor ]12 May 1948Next legislature
    Guido Castelnuovo Merits in the scientific fieldPresident Luigi Einaudi 5 December 194927 April 1952 (deceased)
    Arturo Toscanini Merits in the artistic fieldPresident Luigi Einaudi5 December 19497 December 1949 (resigned)
    Pietro Canonica Merits in the artistic fieldPresident Luigi Einaudi1 December 1950Next legislature
    Gaetano De Sanctis Merits in the social and literary fieldPresident Luigi Einaudi1 December 1950Next legislature
    Pasquale Jannaccone Merits in the social fieldPresident Luigi Einaudi1 December 1950Next legislature
    Carlo Alberto Salustri, known as "Trilussa" Merits in the literary fieldPresident Luigi Einaudi1 December 195021 December 1950 (deceased)
    Luigi Sturzo Merits in the social fieldPresident Luigi Einaudi17 September 1952Next legislature
    Umberto Zanotti Bianco Merits in the artistic and social fieldPresident Luigi Einaudi17 September 1952Next legislature

    References

    1. "Camera dei Deputati – 1ª Legislatura". www.storia.camera.it (in Italian). Retrieved 17 January 2021.
    2. "Senato della Repubblica – 1ª Legislatura". www.senato.it (in Italian). Retrieved 17 January 2021.
    3. Library of Nations: Italy, Time-Life Books, 1985
    4. Also its parliamentarian exam had a disruptive effect: "Among the iron pots of political forces that faced in the Cold War, Senate cracked as earthenware pot": Buonomo, Giampiero (2014). "Come il Senato si scoprì vaso di coccio". L'Ago e Il Filo. Archived from the original on 1 August 2012. Retrieved 22 January 2021.
    5. 1 2 "I Legislatura della Repubblica italiana / Legislature / Camera dei deputati – Portale storico". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Retrieved 17 January 2021.
    6. 1 2 "senato.it – Composizione dei gruppi parlamentari nella I Legislatura". www.senato.it (in Italian). Retrieved 17 January 2021.