Legislature XII of Italy

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Legislature XII of Italy

XII legislatura della Repubblica Italiana
12th legislature
Type
Type
Houses Chamber of Deputies
Senate of the Republic
History
Founded15 April 1994 (1994-04-15)
Disbanded8 May 1996 (1996-05-08) (2 years, 23 days)
Preceded by XI Legislature
Succeeded by XIII Legislature
Leadership
Carlo Scognamiglio, FI
since 17 April 1994
Irene Pivetti, LN
since 16 April 1994
Structure
Seats630 (C)
315 (S)
Italian Chamber of Deputies groups leg 12.svg
Chamber of Deputies political groups
  •   PDS (164)
  •   FI (110)
  •   AN (105)
  •   LN (71)
  •   CCD (42)
  •   FLD (28)
  •   PPI (27)
  •   PRC (24)
  •   Dem (21)
  •   Mixed (36)
Italian Senate groups leg 12.svg
Senate political groups
Elections
Mattarellum
Mattarellum
Last general election
27 March 1994
Meeting place
Palazzo Montecitorio, Rome (C)
Palazzo Madama, Rome (S)
Website
storia.camera.it/legislature/leg-repubblica-XII
www.senato.it/leg12/home
Constitution
Constitution of Italy

The Legislature XII of Italy (Italian : XII Legislatura della Repubblica Italiana) lasted from 15 April 1994 until 8 May 1996. [1] [2] Its composition was the one resulting from the snap general election of 27 March 1994. The election was called by President Scalfaro, after he dissolved the houses of Parliament on 16 January 1994. [3] This decision was connected to some major events that permanently changed the shape of Italian internal politics during the beginning of the '90s, such as Tangentopoli and the Mafia trials.

Contents

This legislature marks the beginning of the so-called "Second Republic" (Italian : Seconda Repubblica), characterised by the progressive decline and dismantlement of the traditional parties, such as the Christian Democracy, the Italian Socialist Party, the Italian Communist Party, and the Italian Social Movement. It also marks the official entrance of Silvio Berlusconi in Italian politics.

This was the first legislature to apply the new majoritarian electoral system (also known as Mattarellum ), which replaced the proportional system in effect since 1946.

Government

Prime MinisterPartyTerm of officeGovernmentComposition
Took officeLeft office
Berlusconi94.jpg Silvio Berlusconi
(b. 1936)
Forza Italia 10 May 199417 January 1995 Berlusconi I FILNANCCDUdC
( PdLPBG )
Lamberto Dini 1996.jpg Lamberto Dini
(b. 1931)
Independent 17 January 199517 May 1996 Dini Independents
(Technocratic cabinet)

Composition

Chamber of Deputies

Parliamentary groups in the Chamber of Deputies
Initial composition [4] Final composition [4]
Parliamentary groupSeatsParliamentary groupSeatsChange
ProgressivesFederative 143 ProgressivesFederative 164Increase2.svg 21
Northern League 118 Northern League 71Decrease2.svg 47
Forza Italia 112 Forza Italia 110Decrease2.svg 2
National AllianceMSI 109 National Alliance 105Decrease2.svg 4
Communist RefoundationProgressives 39 Communist RefoundationProgressives 24Decrease2.svg 15
Italian People's Party 33 Italian People's Party 27Decrease2.svg 6
Christian Democratic Centre 27 Christian Democratic Centre 42Increase2.svg 15
Federalists and Liberal Democrats 28Increase2.svg 28
The Democrats 21Increase2.svg 21
Mixed49Mixed36Decrease2.svg 13
Linguistic Minorities4Linguistic Minorities4Steady2.svg
Democratic Alliance 17Decrease2.svg17
Italian Socialist Party 14Decrease2.svg14
Segni Pact 9Decrease2.svg9
Unitarian Communists 14Increase2.svg14
Non inscrits5 [5] Non inscrits18Increase2.svg13
Total seats630Total seats628Decrease2.svg 2

    Senate of the Republic

    Parliamentary groups in the Senate of the Republic
    Initial composition [6] Final composition [6]
    Parliamentary groupSeatsParliamentary groupSeatsChange
    ProgressivesFederative 76 ProgressivesFederative 74Decrease2.svg 2
    Lega Nord 60 Lega Nord 40Decrease2.svg 20
    National AllianceItalian Social Movement 48 National Alliance 47Decrease2.svg 1
    Forza Italia 36 Forza Italia 36Steady2.svg
    Italian People's Party 34 Italian People's Party 22Decrease2.svg 12
    Communist RefoundationProgressives 18 Communist RefoundationProgressives 14Decrease2.svg 4
    ProgressivesGreensThe Network 13 ProgressivesGreensThe Network 7Decrease2.svg 6
    Christian Democratic Centre 12 Christian Democratic Centre 15Increase2.svg 3
    ProgressivePSI 10Labour – SocialistProgressive 10Steady2.svg
    Crossed Shield 13Increase2.svg 13
    Democratic Left 10Increase2.svg 10
    Federalist Italian League 10Increase2.svg 10
    Mixed19Mixed27Increase2.svg 8
    South Tyrolean People's Party 3 South Tyrolean People's Party 3Steady2.svg
    Non inscrits16 [7] Non inscrits24Increase2.svg8
    Total seats326Total seats325Decrease2.svg 1

      Notes

      Senators for Life

      SenatorMotivationAppointed byFromTill
      Amintore Fanfani Merits in the social fieldPresident Giovanni Leone Previous legislatureNext legislature
      Giovanni Leone Former president of Italy ex officio Previous legislatureNext legislature
      Leo Valiani Merits in the social fieldPresident Sandro Pertini Previous legislatureNext legislature
      Carlo Bo Merits in the literary fieldPresident Sandro PertiniPrevious legislatureNext legislature
      Norberto Bobbio Merits in the social and scientific fieldPresident Sandro PertiniPrevious legislatureNext legislature
      Giovanni Spadolini Merits in the social fieldPresident Francesco Cossiga Previous legislature4 August 1994 (deceased)
      Gianni Agnelli Merits in the social fieldPresident Francesco CossigaPrevious legislatureNext legislature
      Giulio Andreotti Merits in the social fieldPresident Francesco CossigaPrevious legislatureNext legislature
      Francesco De Martino Merits in the social fieldPresident Francesco CossigaPrevious legislatureNext legislature
      Paolo Emilio Taviani Merits in the social fieldPresident Francesco CossigaPrevious legislatureNext legislature
      Francesco Cossiga Former president of Italy ex officio Previous legislatureNext legislature

      References

      1. "Senato della Repubblica – 12ª Legislatura". www.senato.it (in Italian). Retrieved 17 May 2019.
      2. "XII Legislatura della Repubblica italiana / Legislature / Camera dei deputati – Portale storico". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Retrieved 17 May 2019.
      3. "Accadde oggi | 16 gennaio: Scalfaro scioglie le Camere" (in Italian). Retrieved 17 May 2019.
      4. 1 2 "XII Legislatura della Repubblica italiana / Legislature / Camera dei deputati – Portale storico". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Retrieved 17 May 2019.. The official source could have an imprecision about MP Giuseppe Lazzarini, which is included in the League (which did not run in Latium) where Lazzarini, which was a member of Forza Italia, was elected.
      5. The member of the Lega d'Azione Meridionale and four former members of the Segni Pact that immediately joined Berlusconi.
      6. 1 2 "senato.it – Composizione dei gruppi parlamentari nella XII Legislatura". www.senato.it (in Italian). Retrieved 17 May 2019.
      7. Seven Senators for life, six members of the Democratic Alliance, the members of the Lega Alpina Lumbarda and Union Valdotaine, and Independent Claudio Magris.