Legislature X of Italy

Legislature X of Italy

X legislatura della Repubblica Italiana
Legislature X of Italy; X legislatura della Repubblica Italiana
10th legislature
Type
Type	bicameral
Houses	Chamber of Deputies ; Senate of the Republic
History
Founded	2 July 1987
Disbanded	22 April 1992 (4 years, 295 days)
Preceded by	IX Legislature
Succeeded by	XI Legislature
Leadership
President of the Senate	Giovanni Spadolini, PRI ; since 2 July 1987
President of the Chamber of Deputies	Nilde Iotti, PCI ; since 2 July 1987
Structure
Seats	630 (C); 315 (S)
Chamber of Deputies political groups	DC (234); PCI–PDS (149); PSI (100); MSI (33); PRI (20); SI (19); V (16); PSDI (12); PLI (11); DP (11); FE (8); Mixed (16);
Senate political groups	DC (129); PCI (74); PSI (45); SI (15); MSI (15); PRC (11); PRI (9); FE (6); PSDI (5); Mixed (14);
Elections
Chamber of Deputies voting system	Proportional
Senate voting system	Proportional
Last general election	14 June 1987
Meeting place
	Palazzo Montecitorio, Rome (C)
	Palazzo Madama, Rome (S)
Website
	storia.camera.it/legislature/leg-repubblica-X ; www.senato.it/leg10/home
Constitution
	Constitution of Italy

Last updated April 30, 2023

The Legislature X of Italy (Italian : X Legislatura della Repubblica Italiana) was the 10th legislature of the Italian Republic, and lasted from 2 July 1987 until 22 April 1992.^[1]^[2] Its composition was the one resulting from the general election of 14 and 15 June 1987. The election was called by President Cossiga on 28 April 1987, when he dissolved the Houses of Parliament.^[3]

History

Following the general election, Christian democrat Giovanni Goria, a protégé of DC party leader Ciriaco De Mita, became Prime Minister at the head of a renewed Pentapartito coalition. At that time Goria was the youngest Prime Minister of Italy since the birth of the republic. Despite the initial credit towards Goria's reformist agenda, he was soon forced to resign in April 1988 after the Parliament refused to pass the government budget. Subsequently, De Mita himself was appointed Prime Minister: his short time in office just witnessed the passage of a law in May 1988 that introduced a new benefit for salaried workers called "benefit for the family nucleus", with the amount varying depending on the number of family members and the family income of the previous year.^[4]

However, in Spring 1989 the so-called "pact of the camper" stipulated between the socialist leader Bettino Craxi and the Christian democratic leaders Arnaldo Forlani and Giulio Andreotti – secretly shared in a parking out of Ex Ansaldo factory in Milan, where the Congress of the Italian Socialist Party were taking place – provided a new path that would have started with the fall of the De Mita's government and the formation of a cabinet with a social democrat-led transition, culminating in another Craxi's government, while Andreotti or Forlani would have been elected President of Italy in the 1992 presidential election. As agreed, shortly after De Mita's government fell and on 22 July 1989 Andreotti was sworn in for the third time as Prime Minister. His government was characterized by a turbulent course: Andreotti decided to stay at the head of government, despite the abandonment of many social democratic ministers, after the approval of the norm on TV spots (favorable to private TV channels of Silvio Berlusconi).

In 1990 Andreotti revealed the existence of the Operation Gladio; Gladio was the codename for a clandestine North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) "stay-behind" operation in Italy during the Cold War. Its purpose was to prepare for, and implement, armed resistance in the event of a Warsaw Pact invasion and conquest. Although Gladio specifically refers to the Italian branch of the NATO stay-behind organizations, "Operation Gladio" is used as an informal name for all of them.^[5]

During his premiership Andreotti clashed many times with President of the Republic Francesco Cossiga.

Government

Prime Minister		Party	Term of office		Government	Composition
Prime Minister		Party	Took office	Left office	Government	Composition
	Giovanni Goria (1943–1994)	Christian Democracy	28 July 1987	13 April 1988	Goria	DC • PSI • PSDI • PLI • PRI ( Pentapartito )
	Ciriaco De Mita (1928–2022)	Christian Democracy	13 April 1988	22 July 1989	De Mita	DC • PSI • PSDI • PLI • PRI ( Pentapartito )
	Giulio Andreotti (1919–2013)	Christian Democracy	22 July 1989	12 April 1991	Andreotti VI	DC • PSI • PSDI • PLI • PRI ( Pentapartito )
	Giulio Andreotti (1919–2013)	Christian Democracy	12 April 1991	28 June 1992	Andreotti VII	DC • PSI • PSDI • PLI ( Quadripartito )

Composition

Chamber of Deputies

President : Nilde Iotti (PCI), elected on 2 July 1987
Vice Presidents: Aldo Aniasi (PSI), Alfredo Biondi (PLI), Vito Lattanzio (DC, until 12 May 1988), Gerardo Bianco (DC, until 27 July 1990), Michele Zolla (DC, from 12 May 1988), Adolfo Sarti (DC, from 18 October 1990)

Parliamentary groups in the Chamber of Deputies
Parliamentary group		Seats	Parliamentary group		Seats	Change
Initial composition^[6]			Final composition^[6]
	Christian Democratic	234		Christian Democratic	234
	Communist	157		Communist Group – PDS	149	8
	Italian Socialist Party	94		Italian Socialist Party	100	6
	MSI – National Right	34		MSI – National Right	33	1
	Republican	21		Republican	20	1
	Independent Left	20		Independent Left	19	1
	Italian Democratic Socialist Party	17		Italian Democratic Socialist Party	12	5
	Green	13		Green	16	3
	European Federalist	12		European Federalist	8	4
	Italian Liberal Party	11		Italian Liberal Party	11
	Proletarian Democracy	8		DP – Communists	11	3
	Mixed	8		Mixed	16	8

Total seats		629	Total seats		629

Senate

President : Giovanni Spadolini (PRI), elected on 2 July 1987
Vice Presidents: Luciano Lama (PDS), Paolo Emilio Taviani (DC), Giorgio De Giuseppe (DC), Gino Scevarolli (PSI)

Parliamentary groups in the Senate of the Republic
Parliamentary group			Seats	Parliamentary group			Seats	Change
Initial composition^[7]				Final composition^[7]
	Christian Democratic		127		Christian Democracy		129	2
	Communist		85		Communist – PDS		74	11
	Italian Socialist Party		45		Italian Socialist Party		45
	Independent Left		17		Independent Left		15	2
	Italian Social Movement – National Right		16		Italian Social Movement – National Right		15	1
	Republican		9		Republican		9
	Italian Democratic Socialist Party		7		Italian Democratic Socialist Party		5	2
	European Federalist Ecologist		6		European Federalist Ecologist		6
					Communist Refoundation		11	11
	Mixed		12		Mixed		14	2
		Italian Liberal Party	3			Liberal	3
		South Tyrolean People's Party	2			South Tyrolean People's Party	2
		Progressive Democratic Autonomists	1			Progressive Democratic Autonomists	1
		Sardinian Action Party	1			Sardinian Action Party	1
		Lega Lombarda	1			Lega Lombarda – Lega Nord	1
		Green List	1					1
		Proletarian Democracy	1					1
						Federation of the Greens	1	1
						Housewives – Pensioners	1	1
		Non inscrits	2			Non inscrits	4	2

Total seats			324	Total seats			323	1

Senators for Life

Senator	Motivation	Appointed by	From	Till
Cesare Merzagora	Merits in the social field	President Antonio Segni	Previous legislature	1 May 1991 (deceased)
Giuseppe Saragat	Former President of Italy	ex officio	Previous legislature	11 June 1988 (deceased)
Amintore Fanfani	Merits in the social field	President Giovanni Leone	Previous legislature	Next legislature
Giovanni Leone	Former President of Italy	ex officio	Previous legislature	Next legislature
Leo Valiani	Merits in the social field	President Sandro Pertini	Previous legislature	Next legislature
Camilla Ravera	Merits in the social field	President Sandro Pertini	Previous legislature	14 April 1988 (deceased)
Carlo Bo	Merits in the literary field	President Sandro Pertini	Previous legislature	Next legislature
Norberto Bobbio	Merits in the social and scientific field	President Sandro Pertini	Previous legislature	Next legislature
Sandro Pertini	Former President of Italy	ex officio	Previous legislature	24 February 1990 (deceased)

Giovanni Spadolini	Merits in the social field	President Francesco Cossiga	2 May 1991	Next legislature
Giovanni Agnelli	Merits in the social field	President Francesco Cossiga	1 June 1991	Next legislature
Giulio Andreotti	Merits in the social field	President Francesco Cossiga	1 June 1991	Next legislature
Francesco De Martino	Merits in the social field	President Francesco Cossiga	1 June 1991	Next legislature
Paolo Emilio Taviani	Merits in the social field	President Francesco Cossiga	1 June 1991	Next legislature

Related Research Articles

Amintore Fanfani was an Italian politician and statesman, who served as 32nd prime minister of Italy for five separate terms. He was one of the best-known Italian politicians after the Second World War and a historical figure of the left-wing faction of Christian Democracy. He is also considered one of the founders of the modern Italian centre-left.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rosa Russo Iervolino</span> Italian politician (born 1936)

Rosa Russo Iervolino is an Italian politician.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Francesco De Martino</span> Italian politician (1907–2002)

Francesco de Martino was an Italian jurist, politician, lifetime senator (1991–2002) and former Vice President of the Council of Ministers. He was considered by many to be the conscience of the Italian Socialist Party.

The Legislature I of Italy was the 1st legislature of the Italian Republic, and lasted from 8 May 1948 until 24 June 1953. Its composition was the one resulting from the general election of 18 April 1948.

The Legislature II of Italy was the 2nd legislature of the Italian Republic, and lasted from 25 June 1953 until 11 June 1958. Its composition was the one resulting from the general election of 7 June 1953.

The Legislature III of Italy was the 3rd legislature of the Italian Republic, and lasted from 12 June 1958 until 15 May 1963. Its composition was the one resulting from the general election of 25 May 1958.

The Legislature IV of Italy was the 4th legislature of the Italian Republic, and lasted from 16 May 1963 until 4 June 1968. Its composition was the one resulting from the general election of 28 April 1963.

The Legislature V of Italy was the 5th legislature of the Italian Republic, and lasted from 5 June 1968 until 24 May 1972. Its composition was the one resulting from the general election of 19 May 1968.

The Legislature VI of Italy was the 6th legislature of the Italian Republic, and lasted from 25 May 1972 until 4 July 1976. Its composition was the one resulting from the general election of 7 May 1972.

The Legislature VII of Italy was the 7th legislature of the Italian Republic, and lasted from 5 July 1976 until 19 June 1979. Its composition was the one resulting from the general election of 20 June 1976.

The Legislature VIII of Italy was the 8th legislature of the Italian Republic, and lasted from 20 June 1979 until 11 July 1983. Its composition was the one resulting from the general election of 3 June 1979.

The Legislature IX of Italy was the 9th legislature of the Italian Republic, and lasted from 12 July 1983 until 1 July 1987. Its composition was the one resulting from the general election of 26 and 27 June 1983. The election was called by President Sandro Pertini one year before the previous legislature's natural end on 5 May 1983, after a crisis in the incumbent government majority (Pentapartito).

The Legislature XI of Italy was the 11th legislature of the Italian Republic, and lasted from 23 April 1992 until 14 April 1994. Its composition was the one resulting from the general election of 5 and 6 April 1992. The election was called by President Cossiga on 3 February 1992.

The Legislature XII of Italy lasted from 15 April 1994 until 8 May 1996. Its composition was the one resulting from the snap general election of 27 March 1994. The election was called by President Scalfaro, after he dissolved the houses of Parliament on 16 January 1994. This decision was connected to some major events that permanently changed the shape of Italian internal politics during the beginning of the '90s, such as Tangentopoli and the Mafia trials.

The Legislature XIII of Italy lasted from 9 May 1996 until 29 May 2001. Its composition was the one resulting from the general election of 21 April 1996. The election was called by President Scalfaro after the technocratic government of Lamberto Dini lost its support in the Parliament in 1995. President Scalfaro dissolved the houses of Parliament on 16 February 1996. The legislature ended after completing its five-year-long natural course, when President Ciampi dissolved the houses on 8 March 2001.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gianuario Carta</span> Italian politician

Gianuario (Ariuccio) Carta, was an Italian politician of the Christian Democracy political party.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Anna Gabriella Ceccatelli</span> Italian politician

Anna Gabriella Ceccatelli, known as Gabriella, was an Italian politician.

The Legislature XVI of Italy started on 29 April 2008 and ended on 14 March 2013. Its composition resulted from the snap election of 13–14 April 2008, called after President Giorgio Napolitano dissolved the houses on 6 February 2008. The dissolution of the Parliament was a consequence of the defeat of the incumbent government led by Romano Prodi during a vote of confidence in the Senate.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Carla Mazzuca Poggiolini</span> Italian journalist and politician

Carla Mazzuca Poggiolini is a professional journalist and Italian politician who served in both chambers of the Italian Parliament. She is the wife of Danilo Poggiolini.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Paolo Cabras</span> Italian politician (1931–2020)

Paolo Cabras was an Italian politician and surgeon.

References

↑ "X Legislatura della Repubblica italiana / Legislature / Camera dei deputati – Portale storico". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Retrieved 6 August 2019.
↑ "Senato della Repubblica – 10ª Legislatura". www.senato.it (in Italian). Retrieved 6 August 2019.
↑ "IX Legislatura / Cronologia / Camera dei deputati – Portale storico". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Retrieved 6 August 2019.
↑ European Observatory on Family Policies: National Family Policies in EC-Countries in 1990 by Wilfred Dumon in collaboration with Françoise Bartiaux, Tanja Nuelant, and experts from each of the member states
↑ Haberman, Clyde (16 November 1990). "Evolution in Europe; Italy Discloses its Web of Cold War Guerrillas". The New York Times. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
1 2 "X Legislatura della Repubblica italiana / Legislature / Camera dei deputati – Portale storico". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Retrieved 6 August 2019.
1 2 "senato.it – Composizione dei gruppi parlamentari nella X Legislatura". www.senato.it (in Italian). Retrieved 1 July 2019.

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.

[1] "X Legislatura della Repubblica italiana / Legislature / Camera dei deputati – Portale storico". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Retrieved 6 August 2019.

[2] "Senato della Repubblica – 10ª Legislatura". www.senato.it (in Italian). Retrieved 6 August 2019.

[3] "IX Legislatura / Cronologia / Camera dei deputati – Portale storico". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Retrieved 6 August 2019.

[4] European Observatory on Family Policies: National Family Policies in EC-Countries in 1990 by Wilfred Dumon in collaboration with Françoise Bartiaux, Tanja Nuelant, and experts from each of the member states

[Haberman_Times_1990-5] Haberman, Clyde (16 November 1990). "Evolution in Europe; Italy Discloses its Web of Cold War Guerrillas". The New York Times. Retrieved 20 February 2015.

[chamber_composition-6] 1 2 "X Legislatura della Repubblica italiana / Legislature / Camera dei deputati – Portale storico". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Retrieved 6 August 2019.

[senate_composition-7] 1 2 "senato.it – Composizione dei gruppi parlamentari nella X Legislatura". www.senato.it (in Italian). Retrieved 1 July 2019.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]