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Venezuelaportal |
Presidential elections are scheduled to be held in Venezuela in 28 July 2024 to choose a president for a six-year term beginning on 10 January 2025. [1] [2] Leading candidates of the Venezuelan opposition have been disqualified from participating in the election during its campaign or in previous elections. In June 2023, the leading candidate María Corina Machado was barred from participating by the Venezuelan government for alleged political crimes. This move has been regarded by the opposition as violation of political human rights and has been condemned by international bodies like the Organization of American States, the European Union, and Human Rights Watch, as well as countries such as Canada, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, France, Germany, Mexico, Paraguay, the United Kingdom, the United States and Uruguay.
The National Electoral Council (CNE) announced that the election will be held on 28 July (the day that would have been Hugo Chávez's 70th birthday), [3] with filing of candidacies set to run from 21 to 25 March [4] and campaigning to be held from 4 to 25 July. [5]
Venezuelan NGOs and political parties have denounced the use of disinformation, death threats, and physical attacks by Chavismo supporters and by the National Liberation Army (ELN), a far-left Colombian guerrilla group, on opposition candidates.
Since 2010, Venezuela has been suffering a socioeconomic crisis under Nicolás Maduro and briefly under his predecessor Hugo Chávez as rampant crime, hyperinflation and shortages diminish the quality of life. [6] [7] As a result of discontent with the government, the opposition was elected to hold the majority in the National Assembly for the first time since 1999 following the 2015 parliamentary election. [8] After the election, the lame duck National Assembly—with a pro-government majority—filled the Supreme Tribunal of Justice, the highest court in Venezuela, with Maduro allies. [8] [9] The tribunal stripped three opposition lawmakers of their National Assembly seats in early 2016, citing alleged "irregularities" in their elections, thereby preventing an opposition supermajority which would have been able to challenge President Maduro. [8]
The tribunal approved several actions by Maduro and granted him more powers in 2017. [8] As protests mounted against Maduro, he called for a constituent assembly that would draft a new constitution to replace the 1999 Venezuela Constitution created under Chávez. [10] Many countries considered these actions a bid by Maduro to stay in power indefinitely, [11] and over 40 countries stated that they would not recognize the 2017 Constituent National Assembly (ANC). [12] [13] The Democratic Unity Roundtable —the opposition to the incumbent ruling party—boycotted the election, saying that the ANC was "a trick to keep [the incumbent ruling party] in power". [14] Since the opposition did not participate in the election, the incumbent Great Patriotic Pole, dominated by the United Socialist Party of Venezuela, won almost all seats in the assembly by default. [15] On 8 August 2017, the ANC declared itself to be the government branch with supreme power in Venezuela, banning the opposition-led National Assembly from performing actions that would interfere with the assembly while continuing to pass measures in "support and solidarity" with President Maduro, effectively stripping the National Assembly of all its powers. [16]
In February 2018, Maduro called for presidential elections four months before the prescribed date. [17] He was declared the winner in May 2018 after multiple major opposition parties were banned from participating, among other irregularities; many said the elections were invalid. [18] Politicians both internally and internationally said Maduro was not legitimately elected, [19] and considered him an ineffective dictator. [20] In the months leading up to his 10 January 2019 inauguration, Maduro was pressured to step down by nations and bodies including the Lima Group (excluding Mexico), the United States, and the OAS; this pressure was increased after the new National Assembly of Venezuela was sworn in on 5 January 2019. [21] [22] Between the May 2018 presidential election and Maduro's inauguration, there were calls to establish a transitional government. [23] [24]
Maduro's new six-year term did not begin until 10 January 2019, when he took his official oath at a public ceremony in Caracas in front of the Venezuelan Supreme Court. [25] The ceremony was attended by spectators such as Nicaraguan President Daniel Ortega and Bolivian President Evo Morales. [25] The elections were widely disputed both within Venezuela and in the broader international community. In January 2019, the National Assembly declared the results of the election invalid, and invoked clauses of the 1999 Venezuelan Constitution to install National Assembly Speaker Juan Guaidó as acting president, precipitating the Venezuelan presidential crisis. Maduro's supporters refused to acknowledge the move, and Guaidó was placed under arrest for a short time. Several international organizations and independent countries have lined up to support either side of the conflict, and the former Supreme Tribunal of Justice of Venezuela, in exile in Panama since 2017, has given its support to the legitimacy of the National Assembly's moves.
By January 2020, efforts led by Guaidó to create a transitional government had been unsuccessful and Maduro continued to control Venezuela's state institutions. [26] [27] [28] In January 2021, the European Union stopped recognizing Guaidó as president, but still did not recognize Maduro as the legitimate president; [29] the European Parliament reaffirmed its recognition of Guaidó as president, [30] [31] and the EU threatened with further sanctions. [29] After the announcement of regional elections in 2021, Guaidó announced a "national salvation agreement" and proposed the negotiation with Maduro with a schedule for free and fair elections, with international support and observers, in exchange for lifting international sanctions. [32]
In December 2022, three of the four main opposition political parties (Justice First, Democratic Action and A New Era) backed and approved a reform to dissolve the interim government and create a commission of five members to manage foreign assets, as deputies sought a united strategy ahead of the 2024 elections, [33] [34] stating that the interim government had failed to achieve the goals it had set. [35]
In 2020, the Committee of Electoral Candidacies, in charge of appointing a new National Electoral Council (CNE), announced that it would suspend its meetings because of the coronavirus pandemic. [36]
On 31 March 2020, the United States proposed a transitional government that would exclude both Maduro and Guaidó from the presidency. [37] The deal would enforce a power-sharing scenario between the different government factions. Elections would have to be held within the year, and all foreign militaries, particularly Cuba and Russia, would have to leave the country. The US were still seeking Maduro's arrest at the time of the announcement. [38] Other aspects of the US deal would include releasing all political prisoners and setting up a five-person council to lead the country; two members each chosen by Maduro and Guaidó would sit on the council, with the last member selected by the four. The European Union also agreed to remove sanctions if the deal went ahead. Experts have noted that the deal is similar to earlier proposals but explicitly mentions who would lead a transitional government, something which stalled previous discussions, and comes shortly after the US indicted Maduro, which might pressure him to peacefully leave power. [39]
Guaidó accepted the proposal, [40] while Venezuela's foreign minister, Jorge Arreaza, rejected it and declared that only parliamentary elections would take place in 2020. [41]
Presidential elections are scheduled to be held in 2024. According to the Venezuelan Constitution, presidential elections are to take place no later than December. [42] [43]
In November 2022, Diosdado Cabello, vice-president of the United Socialist Party of Venezuela (PSUV), insisted for two consecutive days that the elections be moved forward to the first semester of 2023, pointing out that the opposition would end up confronting each other if this were the case given that the primaries to define the candidate to represent them are planned for the same year. [44]
On 16 May 2023, the Unitary Platform would announce the holding of a primary process to choose a single candidate for the presidential elections. At the moment, 13 candidacies have been declared for the process.
On 7 February 2024, María Corina Machado and her supporters said they were attacked by colectivos during a campaign rally in Charallave, Miranda state. María Corina denounced that the attack occurred in front of security officials, who did not intervene to stop the colectivos. [45]
On 5 March 2024, the National Election Council (CNE) announced that the election will be held on 28 July [3] with filing of candidacies set to run from 21 to 25 March [4] and campaigning to be held from 4 to 25 July. [5]
On 5 March 2024, the National Electoral Council in Venezuela called presidential elections for 28 July 2024, also announcing the most notable events on the electoral schedule: [46]
N.º | Event | Dates | Status | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Start | End | |||
1 | Call for the process | 5 March 2024 | Finished | |
2 | Special registration day for the Electoral Registry | 18 March 2024 | 16 April 2024 | Finished |
3 | Selection of members of subordinate organizations | 20 March 2024 | Finished | |
4 | Registration of candidates for the presidency | 21 March 2024 | 25 March 2024 | Finished |
5 | Electoral Registration Court | 16 April 2024 | Finished | |
6 | Election campaigning | 4 July 2024 | 25 July 2024 | TBD |
7 | Presidential election | 28 July 2024 | TBD |
On 16 March 2024, the United Socialist Party of Venezuela (PSUV) formally announced that incumbent President Nicolás Maduro would be their candidate to run in the presidential election. This will be Maduro's third run for a six-year term as president. [47] Maduro officially registered his candidacy on 25 March. [48]
Candidate | Party and/or Coalition | Public offices | Ref. | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nicolás Maduro | United Socialist Party of Venezuela |
| [49] |
On 16 May 2023, the Unitary Platform announced the holding of a primary process to elect a single candidate for the presidential elections, the 2023 Unitary Platform presidential primaries. On 24 July 2023, the application period ended, in which 14 candidates registered. After the primary election was held on 22 October 2023, a first bulletin was released with only 26% counted and the winner was María Corina Machado, sweeping more than 90% of the vote. On 23 October, the second electoral bulletin of the National Primary Commission was delivered, where it was announced that with 92.65% counted, Corina Machado maintained more than 90% of the votes and was determined to be the candidate for the Unitary Platform for the 2024 Venezuelan presidential elections. [50]
On 22 March 2024, Maria Corina Machado announced that historian and professor Corina Yoris was selected as the presidential candidate of the Venezuelan opposition due to Machado's disqualification. [51]
Yoris was unable to officially register as a candidate in the presidential election, with Unitary Platform representatives saying that the electoral commission had blocked her registration. Following outcry from countries including the US, Brazil, Colombia, and Guatemala the Unitary Platform registered former diplomat Edmundo González Urrutia as its temporary candidate pending the selection of another one. [52] On 19 April 2024, the Unitary Platform voted, alongside the cooperation of aspiring candidate Governor Manuel Rosales, to have González Urrutia be the only candidate that represents the Venezuelan opposition. Rosales accepted this result, leaving González Urrutia to be the official opposition candidate for the July election. [53]
Candidate | Party and/or Coalition | Public offices | Ref. | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Edmundo González Urrutia | Unitary Platform Slogan: Until the end! |
Governor Manuel Rosales officially inscribed and launched his candidacy for president "at the last minute"—a move that took the Unitary Platform by surprise, though he indicated he would cede his position to a unified opposition candidate. [54] Rosales has been recognized as a more moderate opposition candidate and has been negotiable with the Maduro government; he recognized Maduro's contested 2018 election and condemned sanctions on Venezuela enacted by the United States. [55]
On 19 April 2024, A New Era and the Unitary Platform announced that, after a unanimous vote, Rosales would withdraw from the race and endorse Edmundo González. [56]
At the moment, the Democratic Alliance, which has stated that it would not participate in the Unitary Platform’s primary process, has not yet said by which means it will elect its candidate. Nonetheless, they have expressed their intentions for their nominee to be the sole candidate of the opposition. [57] [58] [59]
On 22 April 2024, Juan Carlos Alvaredo pulled out of the race to support Luis Eduardo Martinez. [60]
Candidate | Party and/or Coalition | Public offices | Ref. | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Luis Eduardo Martínez | Democratic Action |
| [61] | |||
José Brito | Venezuela First |
| [62] |
Candidate | Party and/or Coalition | Public offices | Note | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Antonio Ecarri | Pencil Alliance |
| On 22 March 2022, he would become the first leader to make his candidacy official; he has repeatedly stated that he will not participate in the primary process of the Unitary Platform. | [63] [64] | ||
Enrique Márquez | CENTRADOS |
| ||||
Benjamín Rausseo | Independent Slogan: With Rausseo I stand up! | No public positions | On 22 June 2023, after withdrawing from the primary process, he announced that he would register as a candidate for the presidential elections directly. | [65] [66] | ||
Javier Bertucci | EL CAMBIO Slogan: Yes, there is hope! |
| ||||
Claudio Fermín | Solutions for Venezuela |
| ||||
Daniel Ceballos | AREPA |
|
The President of Venezuela is elected by plurality in a single round of voting. [157]
The elections will be overseen by the National Electoral Council (CNE), with poll workers drafted via a lottery of registered voters. Polling places are equipped with multiple high-tech touch-screen DRE voting machines, one to a "mesa electoral", or voting "table". After the vote is cast, each machine prints out a paper ballot, or VVPAT, which is inspected by the voter and deposited in a ballot box belonging to the machine's table. The voting machines perform in a stand-alone fashion, disconnected from any network until the polls close. [158] Voting session closure at each of the voting stations in a given polling center is determined either by the lack of further voters after the lines have emptied, or by the hour, at the discretion of the president of the voting table.[ citation needed ]
As part of the election administration the National Electoral Council planned a post-election audit of 54% of polling places, comparing the electronic records with the paper trail.[ citation needed ]
The first publication of the Electoral Gazette documented that a total of 21,010,514 voters were registered in Venezuela's Electoral Registry, 20,675,478 of which were in Venezuela, 107,836 were registered abroad and 227,200 were foreign citizens in the country. The NGO Súmate warned that this continued a trend in the decrease of registered voters in the six previous publications of the gazette in 2021 and 2022, including 84,115 less voters from the last publication. Súmate also warned that there were 53,991 voters with some kind of objection and would not be able to vote, asking voters to check their status in the Electoral Council's website and follow the steps provided to file a claim if needed. [159]
After the European Parliament passed a resolution condemning the political disqualification of opposition pre-candidate María Corina Machado, the president of the pro-government National Assembly, Jorge Rodríguez, declared on 13 July 2023 that the Venezuelan government would not allow a European Union electoral observation mission. [160] [161] [162]
In August 2023, the NGO Súmate denounced that at least 92 candidates for rectors of the CNE were linked to Chavismo, pointing out that article 9 of the Organic Law of Electoral Processes prohibits members of the Council to have any political affiliation. Sumate also stated that one of the nominees had been convicted for homicide and extortion in 1998, that 46 candidates repeated the candidacy after running in 2021 and that by that time they were deputies of the pro-government National Assembly. [163] On 15 August, the pro-government National Assembly declared itself in permanent session to appoint the new CNE rectors. [164]
According to polls conducted by Delphos in October 2023, the primaries raised the motivation of Venezuelans, with 67% of the population supporting the idea of voting in the primaries, compared to 46% in November 2022. [165]
Pollster | Date | Margin of error | Sample Size | PSUV | Unitary Platform | Undecided | Not voting |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Datincorp [166] | 25 February 2024 | N/A | 1,198 | 14.4% | 53% | 11% | 21.5% |
Meganalisis [167] | 31 July 2023 | 1,013 | 11.5% | 76.1% | 12.4% | N/A | |
Consultores 21 [168] | 29 March 2023 | 1,500 | 25.4% | 55.1% | 10.3% | 9.2% | |
Hercon Consultores [169] | 3 February 2023 | 1,000 | 17.2% | 20.1% | 62.7% | N/A |
Pollster | Date | Margin of error | SampleSize | Nicolás Maduro PSUV (incumbent) | María Corina Machado (disq.) Come Venezuela | Corina Yoris (ineligible) Come Venezuela | Edmundo González Unitary Platform | Benjamín Rauseo Independent | Manuel Rosales A New Era | Henrique Capriles Justice First | Juan Guaidó Popular Will | Others | Undecided | None/Not voting |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
22 April 2024 | Luis Ratti withdraws from the presidential race, endorses Luis Eduardo Martínez | |||||||||||||
Juan Carlos Alvarado withdraws from the presidential race, endorses Luis Eduardo Martínez | ||||||||||||||
More Consulting [170] | 19 April 2024 | N/A | - | 21.6% | - | - | 45.8% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
19 April 2024 | Manuel Rosales withdraws from the presidential race, endorses Edmundo González. Machado and Yoris also endorse González | |||||||||||||
Meganalisis [171] | 2-7 April 2024 | 3.43% | 1,002 | 13.2% | - | - | - | 1.3% | 5.8% | - | - | 2.9% | 14.7% | 62.1% |
10.4% | - | 37.9% | - | 1.4% | 2.5% | - | - | 3.4% | 27.2% | 17.2% | ||||
9.4% | 70.8% | - | - | 1.2% | 2.2% | - | - | 2.2% | 5.1% | 9.1% | ||||
22 March 2024 | María Corina Machado announces that Corina Yoris will take Machado's place as the nominee of the Unitary Platform | |||||||||||||
Meganalisis [172] | 7-13 March 2024 | 3.41% | 1,010 | 7.4% | 69.1% | - | 0.8% | - | - | - | 1.3% | 12.8% | 8.6% | |
Datincorp [173] | 25 February 2024 | 2.83% | 1,200 | 13.92% | 55% | - | 4.83% | - | - | - | 3.25% | 8.58% | 14.92% | |
Meganalisis [172] | 22-31 January 2024 | N/A | 1,029 | 7.9% | 71.80% | - | 0.9% | - | - | - | 1.0% | 10.3% | 8.1% | |
Meganalisis [174] | 24-28 November 2023 | N/A | 896 | 7.90% | 72.70% | - | 0.6% | - | - | - | 0.1% | 10.2% | 8.4% | |
22 October 2023 | Maria Corina Machado wins the 2023 Unitary Platform presidential primaries | |||||||||||||
Meganalisis [167] | 31 July 2023 | N/A | 1,013 | 12.10% | 50.10% | - | 0.9% | - | - | - | 0.1% | 23.9% | 12.9% | |
Meganalisis [167] | 31 July 2023 | N/A | 1,013 | 11.50% | 32.88% | - | - | - | 4.41% | - | 13.01% | 24.65% | 13.55% | |
Meganalisis | 30 June 2023 | N/A | 1,011 | 6.90% | 31.50% | - | - | - | 5.51% | - | 1.21% | 25.23% | ||
Datincorp [175] | 5 February 2023 | N/A | 1,192 | 15.69% | 16.86% | - | 11.91% | 9.23% | 6.8% | 2.27% | 5.7% | 7.47% | 24.08% |
On 3 June 2023 a group of women identified with the ruling party insulted and physically assaulted pre-candidate Henrique Capriles during a visit to Santa Inés, Carabobo state, in an attempt to disrupt his campaign. [176] [177]
On 30 June 2023, the Comptroller General announced that pre-candidate and former National Assembly member María Corina Machado was disqualified from holding public office for 15 years, linking her to alleged crimes of Juan Guaidó, as well as supporting international sanctions against the country. She can still participate in the opposition primaries because they are not regulated by Maduro's government. [178] [179] [180] Capriles has the same sentence and cannot hold office until 2032. [178] Analysts determined that the accusation of having participated in the interim was incoherent, taking into account that María Corina was not a member of the 2015 opposition National Assembly (being prevented by a disqualification from the Comptroller's Office), in addition to never having been appointed in any position in Guaidó's interim government. [181] The disqualification has been considered illegal and unconstitutional by several jurists, including constitutional lawyer Allan Brewer Carías . The Latin American and Caribbean Network for Democracy cited the precedent of the Petro Urrego v. Colombia sentence of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights in 2020, which determined that "it is a serious violation of political human rights if an administrative authority, and not a judge through due judicial process, politically disqualifies a citizen". [182]
On 10 July 2023, reported militants of the Communist Party of Venezuela filed a writ of amparo to the Supreme Tribunal of Justice to appoint an ad hoc board considering to the party, saying that it is "kidnapped" by its general secretary Óscar Figuera. The action followed the pattern of the Democratic Action, Copei and Tupamaro parties, where new presidencies were imposed judicially, co-opting the name and symbols of the parties. Communist movements in Latin America expressed their support for the party, as well as the Communist Workers' Platform USA and the American Council of Bolsheviks, who said in a joint statement "the [ United Socialist Party of Venezuela] (PSUV), as a servant of the bourgeoisie, can never fulfill their false promise of socialism". [183] [184]
The same day, Venezuelan fact checking outlet Cazadores de Fake News denounced a discredit operation against María Corina Machado. The operation was promoted by a disinformation network that originally spread disinformation Leopoldo López, Juan Guaidó and other opposition politicians, and now focused in attacking María Corina. [185]
On 12 July, eight out of the thirteen opposition candidates held a debate in the Universidad Católica Andrés Bello. It was the first presidential debate in Venezuela in 11 years, since 2012. The participants were María Corina Machado for Vente Venezuela, Carlos Prósperi for Democratic Action, Freddy Superlano for Popular Will, transgender candidate Tamara Adrián for Unidos por la Dignidad, Delsa Solórzano for Encuentro Ciudadano, Andrés Velásquez for La Causa R, César Pérez Vivas for Concertación Ciudadana and Andrés Caleca for Movimiento por Venezuela. [186] [187] [188]
On 15 July, pro-government militants tried to attack María Corina during a campaign act in Vargas state. The following day, on 16 July, prevented a campaign rally in Petare, in the east of Caracas. [189] [190]
On 27 July, the Popular Will denounced that Freddy Superlano, the party's pre-candidate, had his passport taken away by Venezuelan authorities at the Atanasio Girardot international bridge on the border with Colombia. [191]
On 22 July, Vente Venezuela denounced death threats to María Corina by the National Liberation Army (ELN), a far-left Colombian guerrilla group, after her campaign headquarters in La Fría, Táchira state, was painted overnight with messages such as "death to María Corina" and "primaries without María Corina", signed by the ELN. Four days later, the group denied being the authors of those threats. [192] [193]
On 12 August, pre-candidate Delsa Solórzano denounced death threats involving the ELN, including messages that reached her through social networks such as "the collective forces of the ELN are going to kill you". The Public Ministry announced that it would investigate these threats. [194]
On 14 August, the Unitary Platform issued a communiqué rejecting statements by government authorities linking the opposition primaries to political violence. [195]
On 15 August, followers of Henrique Capriles said that Chavistas attacked Capriles supporters at a rally in Apure state. According to his party, Justice First, this was the seventh aggression against the pre-candidate or his followers since 29 May. [196]
On 12 October, Fuerza Vecinal requested the suspension of the primaries, arguing that "There were not conditions". [197] [198] On 21 October, the day before the primaries, the regulatory entity CONATEL prohibited several media from covering the elections, for which reason the main radio circuits in Venezuela had to suspend operations, as well as television channels. The fact was denounced by the National Union of Press Workers (SNTP). [199] [200]
In the early morning of 22 October, Acción Democrática candidate, Carlos Prosperi, insulted journalist Eugenio Martínez after Martínez questioned accusations about the process of designation of table members. [201]
The president of the National Primary Commission (CP), Jesus Maria Casal, offered the first balance of the primaries around 9:15 am, stating that by that time more than 70% of the polling stations had been installed and that by then no incidents had been registered. [202]
In the morning, in the El Guarataro neighborhood of western Caracas, colectivos prevented the installation of the voting center in the area. The non-governmental organization Voto Joven denounced that the groups stole material from a voting table and that violence with a firearm was registered. [203] Neighbors of the neighborhood installed the voting center after the intimidation. [204] In Plaza La Estrella, in Caracas, the beginning of voting was postponed due to the intentional burning of garbage in the center of the voting point. [205] [206] Nuns of the Patronato San José de Tarbes denounced that voters who tried to participate were threatened by colectivos, and that the center had to be moved to another location. [207] Also in the morning, armed civilians entered the voting point La Cañada, in San Juan parish, pointed at the coordinator of the voting center and took away a table during the beginning of the process, firing several shots. [208]
In Santa Rosalía parish, motorcyclists threw a tear gas cannister in the vicinity of the voting center. The point remained open and voters continued with the process. [209] [210] In the afternoon, two men fired shots into the air at the voting point in Las Acacias, Caracas. Voters temporarily dispersed before returning to the polling place again. [208]
The vice-president of the Regional Board of Monagas state, Dexcy Moya, denounced that colectivos shouted expletives and threats in several voting centers in Maturin. [211]
From his polling station, Prosperi criticized again the organization of the primary elections, stating that in some polling stations there was no distribution of electoral material. Prosperi was booed by the voters present. [212] [213] A video was later leaked on social networks where Prosperi disowned in advance the results of the primaries, before they were announced. [214] [215] His party Acción Democrática rejected the statements, saying that "it does not represent the position of the party" and to be "firm with unity". [216]
Organizations such as the United Nations, the Organization of American States, the European Union, and Human Rights Watch, as well as countries such as Colombia, Paraguay, Uruguay, Ecuador, United States, United Kingdom, Germany, Chile, Canada and France, rejected the political disqualification of opposition pre-candidate María Corina Machado. [217] Several foreign political leaders have condemned her disqualification, such as President Luis Lacalle Pou of Uruguay, President Mario Abdo Benítez of Paraguay, and President Gustavo Petro of Colombia, who in the past was also disqualified by an administrative instance and the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights restored his political rights. [218] [219] At the Mercosur summit, President Alberto Fernández of Argentina, and President Lula da Silva of Brazil, refused to reject the disqualification. [220] [221] Antony Blinken, U.S. Secretary of State, called Machado's disqualification "deeply unfortunate". [222] The European Union High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, Josep Borrell, stated that the disqualification "undermines democracy". [223] [224] On 13 July 2023, the European Parliament passed a resolution condemning the disqualification. [160]
The president of Venezuela, officially known as the President of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, is the head of state and head of government in Venezuela. The president leads the National Executive of the Venezuelan government and is the commander-in-chief of the National Bolivarian Armed Forces. Presidential terms were set at six years with the adoption of the 1999 Constitution of Venezuela, and presidential term limits were removed in 2009.
María Corina Machado Parisca is a Venezuelan opposition politician and industrial engineer who served as an elected member of the National Assembly of Venezuela from 2011 to 2014. Machado was the founder and former leader of the Venezuelan volunteer civil organization Súmate, alongside Alejandro Plaz. In 2018, she was listed as one of BBC's 100 Women.
Vente Venezuela is a classical liberal political party in Venezuela headquartered in the city of Caracas. It has parliamentary representation in the National Assembly. Its registration as a political party has not been granted by the National Electoral Council.
Parliamentary elections were held in Venezuela on 6 December 2020. Aside from the 167 deputies of the National Assembly who are eligible to be re-elected, the new National Electoral Council president announced that the assembly would increase by 110 seats, for a total of 277 deputies to be elected.
Juan Gerardo Guaidó Márquez is a Venezuelan opposition politician. He belonged to the social-democratic party Popular Will, and was a federal deputy to the National Assembly representing the state of Vargas. On 23 January 2019, Guaidó and the National Assembly declared that he was acting president of Venezuela, starting the Venezuelan presidential crisis by challenging Nicolás Maduro's presidency. In December 2022, opposition parties voted to dismiss Guaidó as interim president, choosing Dinorah Figuera as a successor on 5 January 2023 and ending Guaidó's presidential claim.
The Venezuelan presidential crisis was a political crisis concerning the leadership and the legitimate president of Venezuela between 2019 and 2023, with the nation and the world divided in support for Nicolás Maduro or Juan Guaidó.
During the Venezuelan presidential crisis concerning the legitimate President of Venezuela, reactions and responses to the crisis were greatly divided.
The negotiations during the crisis in Venezuela are the negotiation and dialogue attempts and processes between the government of Nicolás Maduro and the Venezuelan opposition. Although numerous dialogue processes and roundtables have taken place, by 2023 none had been effective in achieving a solution to the country's crisis.
Defections from the Bolivarian Revolution occurred under the administrations of Presidents Hugo Chávez and Nicolás Maduro. The 2019 Venezuelan presidential crisis concerning who is the legitimate President of Venezuela has been underway since 10 January 2019, when the opposition-majority National Assembly declared that incumbent Nicolás Maduro's 2018 reelection was invalid and the body declared its president, Juan Guaidó, to be acting president of the nation. Guaidó encouraged military personnel and security officials to withdraw support from Maduro, and offered an amnesty law, approved by the National Assembly, for military personnel and authorities who help to restore constitutional order.
On 30 April 2019, during the Venezuelan presidential crisis, a group of several dozen military personnel and civilians joined Juan Guaidó in his call for the removal of Nicolás Maduro as part of what he labeled "Operation Freedom". Reuters reported an "uneasy peace" by the afternoon of 30 April. During the unrest, opposition leader Leopoldo López was freed from house arrest after being imprisoned for five years. Manuel Cristopher Figuera, the head of the Bolivarian Intelligence Service, denounced the Maduro government and was dismissed from his position before going into hiding. At least 25 military men who opposed Maduro sought asylum at the Brazilian embassy in Caracas.
The 2020 Venezuelan National Assembly Delegated Committee election was to be held in the ordinary session of the National Assembly on 5 January, in which 160 deputies were to elect the legislature's board of directors for the year 2020–21: the president, the first and second vice presidents, the secretary and the deputy secretary. It was the last such election of the IV National Assembly.
Luis Eduardo Parra Rivero is a Venezuelan politician who was in a dispute with Juan Guaidó for a year over who was the President of the National Assembly of Venezuela based on a vote on 5 January 2020.
The following lists events of the year 2023 in Venezuela.
Event in the year 2024 in Venezuela
The 2023 Unitary Platform presidential primaries were primary elections held on 22 October 2023, to choose the opposition candidate of the Unitary Platform coalition in the elections of the following year for the presidency of Venezuela. The first official announcement of the primaries was made on 16 May 2022 by the coalition, setting 2023 as the year in which such elections would be held. They were held in Venezuela, as well as in 29 countries and 77 cities abroad.
Venezuelan opposition to the Chavista governments of former President Hugo Chávez and current President Nicolás Maduro, commonly referred to as the Venezuelan opposition, or sometimes, anti-Chavismo, is a political umbrella term used to describe political, social and religious movements that have opposed Chavismo, and the associated Bolivarian Revolution political process since 2 February 1999.
A brawl in the National Assembly of Venezuela took place on 30 April 2013 at the Federal Legislative Palace, in Caracas, after opposition deputies who did not recognize the results of the 2013 presidential elections and the ruling party's candidate Nicolás Maduro as president were denied the right to speak for the second consecutive ordinary session. The brawl resulted in at least 11 deputies injured.
Corina Yoris Villasana is a Venezuelan philosopher, professor and politician, who was the Unitary Platform candidate in the 2024 Venezuelan presidential election, as the replacement for María Corina Machado, who was politically disqualified. Yoris was unable to register as a candidate and was temporarily replaced by Edmundo González Urrutia.
Edmundo González Urrutia is a Venezuelan politician, diplomat and political analyst. He served as the Venezuelan ambassador to Argentina and Algeria. González also sits on the editorial board of El Nacional. He is currently a presidential candidate of the Unitary Platform political alliance for the 2024 Venezuelan presidential election.
The Maduro administration has been responsible for grossly mismanaging the economy and plunging the country into a deep humanitarian crisis in which many people lack food and medical care. He has also attempted to crush the opposition by jailing or exiling critics, and using lethal force against antigovernment protesters.
Hemos tenido algo que pasó de ser provisional a convertirse en algo perpetuo. Y no se celebraron las elecciones, de manera que el artículo 233 perdió su razón de ser para justificar el gobierno interino.
voceros del chavismo como Diosdado Cabello han cuestionado el resultado obtenido