![]() | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
All 165 seats of the National Assembly 83 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Turnout | 66.45% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
The 2010 parliamentary election in Venezuela took place on 26 September 2010 [1] to elect the 165 deputies to the National Assembly. Venezuelan opposition parties, which had boycotted the previous election thus allowing the governing Fifth Republic Movement (MVR) to gain a two-thirds super majority, participated in the election through the Coalition for Democratic Unity (MUD). In 2007 the Fifth Republic Movement dissolved and the United Socialist Party of Venezuela was formed as the leading government party. Nationally, the popular vote was split equally between PSUV and MUD, but PSUV won a majority of the first-past-the-post seats and consequently retained a substantial majority in the Assembly, although falling short of both two-thirds and three-fifths super majority marks. [2] [3]
Of the 165 deputies, 110 were constituency representatives elected on a first-past-the-post, the system in 87 electoral districts, 52 elected on a party list system (two or three deputies per state of Venezuela, depending on population), and 3 seats were reserved for indigenous peoples, with separate rules.
Additionally, 12 representatives were chosen for the Latin American Parliament.
There was initially a dispute between alliances that participated in the election as to which alliance received a plurality of votes. [4] [5] [6] [7] Each coalition was allowed to invite 30 foreign officials to observe the elections. [8] [9]
Elections for the National Assembly of Venezuela in the 2000 and the 2005 were conducted under a weak mixed member proportional system, with 60% elected in first-past-the-post electoral districts and the remainder by closed party list proportional representation. [10] This was an adaptation of the system previously used for the Venezuelan Chamber of Deputies, [11] which had been introduced in 1993, with a 50-50 balance between voting districts and party lists, [12] and deputies per state proportional to population, but with a minimum of three deputies per state. [13]
For the 2010 election, the Ley Orgánica de Procesos Electorales (LOPE) (Basic law of electoral process) among other changes reduced the party list proportion to 30%. In addition, the law completely separated the district vote and the party list votes, creating a more parallel system. Previously, parties winning nominal district seats had had these subtracted from the total won under the proportional party list.[ citation needed ] Under the new law, in 2009, electoral districts were redefined in a way that has been accused of favouring the PSUV, particularly in giving more weight to votes in the countryside over those in the city. [14] [15] [16]
As usual in Venezuela, the voting took place on a non-work day, and the sale of alcohol was banned starting the day prior to elections.[ citation needed ]
Four domestic NGOs registered 624 observers each. [17] Unlike the election in 2005, major independent election observing organisations such as the Organization of American States, the European Union and the Carter Center were not invited to observe this election in a technical capacity. Guests from those bodies allowed to observe the final days of the election were not given the technical observation role they had been given in the past. Instead, each alliance participating in the election was permitted to bring "up to 30 witnesses from abroad." [8] [9] [17] [18] The European Union noted that "the Venezuelan National Electoral Council accredited more than 200 international guests to accompany the day of the election. No long-term international electoral observation missions participated." [8] Foreign observers were warned in a full-page newspaper advertisement "not to interfere with the nation's internal affairs." An opposition spokesman said that "If observers were allowed to watch the campaign, they would have seen the abuse of power and of public resources and public media." [17] The government's Roy Chaderton said that foreign observers were present and that comments like this from the opposition were "part of the media terrorism they like to practice". [17]
The CNE monitors political advertisements during campaigns, and reported that for a 3-day period at the end of August, opposition ads made up 60.3% of the airtime given to such ads, across the five main channels Venevisión, Televen, Globovisión, Tves and Venezolana de Televisión. [19] Over half the total opposition ad time of around 80 minutes was on Globovisión . [19] Media controlled by the government gave "blanket coverage to the PSUV's campaign and token, hostile interviews to opposition candidates". [20]
In early September, one member of the five-person CNE, the pro-opposition councillor Vicente Díaz, publicly accused Chavez of breaking campaign laws by using state-run television to "berate rivals and praise friends" during the election campaign. [20] [21] Chavez denied breaking the law, and said that Diaz could be prosecuted for making false accusations. [21] Díaz requested the CNE open administrative proceedings, but after extensive internal discussion the CNE declined. The opposition electoral coalition, Coalition for Democratic Unity (MUD) rejected the CNE decision, and said it illustrated CNE's lack of independence and willingness to justify violation of electoral rules.[ citation needed ]
Around 17.5 million of the country's 28.5 million population were eligible to vote. [22]
In order to revise the party's statutes, programme, and primary voting methods, the ruling United Socialist Party of Venezuela planned a congress of 772 members representing the country's 759 municipalities. These members were elected by the members of the party in an election held on 15 November 2009. [23] At this congress, beginning on 21 November 2009 and ending in March 2010, [24] members were to debate each weekend over the new standards of the party, in which are included voting and selection method for the upcoming parliamentary elections. [25]
The main Venezuelan opposition parties had boycotted the 2005 parliamentary election, unexpectedly withdrawing just before election day, despite a dispute over the voting process apparently having been resolved with the support of the Organization of American States (OAS). [26] Eleven deputies subsequently defected to the opposition or declared themselves independent. [22]
In June 2009, it was reported that the opposition parties were planning to create the Mesa de la Unidad Democrática (Coalition for Democratic Unity, MUD) a coalition that would include all of the opposition parties which might select unique candidates for the upcoming elections. [27] A previous opposition umbrella group, the Coordinadora Democrática , had collapsed after the failure of the 2004 recall referendum.
By April 2010, the MUD included around 50 political parties, of which 16 were national in scope and the rest regional, and received support from some other social organisations and opinion groups. [22] The main parties included in MUD are the traditional Democratic Action and COPEI (which held power from 1958 to 1998); the left groups Movement for Socialism, Radical Cause and Red Flag Party; and more recently established parties A New Era, Justice First and For Social Democracy ("PODEMOS"). [22] In April the MUD held primaries in 15 electoral districts, with 361,000 voters participating, and selecting 22 candidates (the remaining 143 candidates were chosen "by consensus"). [22] The candidates chosen included Maria Corina Machado (of Sumate) and Manuel Rosales, the opposition's candidate in the 2006 presidential election and now in exile in Peru (due to corruption charges, which he denies). [22] In addition, a number of the nine police officials imprisoned for participating in the 2002 Venezuelan coup d'état attempt, regarded by the MUD as political prisoners, were also nominated, in districts with a real chance of opposition success; [22] winning would require their release due to parliamentary immunity. [22]
The MUD is supported by the Movimiento 2D opposition movement led by El Nacional editor and proprietor Miguel Henrique Otero. [28]
In mid-August 2010 El Nacional sparked an international outcry when its frontpage publication of a graphic archival photo of bodies in a morgue, to illustrate a story about rising crime rates, led the government to temporarily ban such publications. [29] El Nacional editor and proprietor Miguel Henrique Otero, leader of the opposition movement Movimiento 2D, said that "The editorial reasoning behind the photo was to create a shock so that people could in some way react to a situation that the government has done absolutely nothing about." [30] The incident brought further international attention to the issue of Venezuela's crime rates (having already received widespread attention as a leading issue of public concern), and was followed by an article in The New York Times , reporting Venezuela's murder rate was higher than that of Iraq, [31] although the comparison used Iraq Body Count's numbers derived from media reports rather than the World Health Organization's survey-based estimates, which are three times higher. A September 2010 poll conducted by Alfredo Keller & Associates confirmed that crime was the top concern for Venezuelans heading into the September 26 parliamentary elections, [32] as it had been for some time.
At the end of August the death of Franklin Brito due to a hunger strike led to widespread domestic and international media coverage. He had, since 2004, launched a series of unsuccessful legal challenges and dramatic public protests (including a series of hunger strikes) against an alleged government confiscation of part of his farm. The government maintained that his protests were related to land legally owned by his neighbours, and that his final hunger strike came after the disputed land titles had been withdrawn from his neighbours. The government accused the Venezuelan opposition of acting like "vultures" and desiring Brito's death for their own political ends in the context of the coming election. [33]
Poll results are listed in the tables below in chronological order and using the date the results of the survey were published. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed in bold, and the background shaded in the leading party's colour.
Poll company | Source | Publication date | PSUV | MUD | Undecided |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
GIS XXI | Radio Nacional de Venezuela [ unreliable source ] | March 2010 | 32% | 22% | 36% |
GIS XXI | Radio Nacional de Venezuela [ unreliable source ] | May 2010 | 36% | 23% | 33% |
GIS XXI | Radio Nacional de Venezuela [ unreliable source ] | June 2010 | 44% | 20% | – |
Hinterlaces | Hinterlaces El Universal | July 2010 | 27% | 28% | 23% |
GIS XXI | Correo del Orinoco [ unreliable source ] | August 2010 | 50% | 44% | – |
IVAD | El Universal | August 2010 | 45% | 43% | – |
Keller & Asociados | El Universal | August 2010 | 32% | 46% | – |
Keller & Asociados | El Universal | 2 September 2010 | 43% | 57% | – |
Datanálisis | ABC.es | September 2010 | 52% | 48% | – |
Hinterlaces | Unión Radio Descifrado | September 2010 | 41% | 37% | – |
IVAD | Unión Radio Descifrado | September 2010 | 54% | 46% | – |
Opinion polls vary widely, but the government-aligned GIS XXI (directed by former Chavez interior minister Jesse Chacón) consistently gives poll predictions more favourable to PSUV than other pollsters. GIS XXI's predictions for the February 2009 constitutional referendum just before polling day tallied closely with those of the independent Instituto Venezolano de Análisis de Datos (IVAD), and both closely matched the outcome (a nearly 10 percent margin of victory for approval); opposition-linked companies were predicting heavy defeat as late as December 2008.[ citation needed ]
In August 2010, the newspaper Últimas Noticias published what it said was the result of an unpublished opinion poll by Datanálisis, which showed the PSUV was likely to win 124 of the National Assembly's 165 seats, which would give it a two-thirds majority. Datanálisis later clarified that the results were a February 2010 extrapolation of the results of the last national election, the 2009 constitutional referendum. [34]
Complete results were available on 28 September, showing a turnout of 66.45%. Out of 165 seats, the PSUV won 96, the MUD 64, the PPT 2, and three others were reserved for indigenous parties.
The election saw the PSUV retain 58.18% of the Assembly seats. It thus lost its two-thirds majority in the assembly, and therefore would not be able to pass organic legislation on its own, without the support of at least some members of the MUD opposition. The PSUV also did not attain a three-fifths majority, which means it would not be able to pass enabling legislation without the aid of 3 non-PSUV members of the National Assembly. [3]
The three seats reserved for indigenous peoples were elected from the Foundation for Integration and Dignification, the Autonomous Movement of Zulia and from CONIVE.[ citation needed ]
Party | Party-list | Constituency | Total seats | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Votes | % | Seats | Votes | % | Seats | |||
United Socialist Party of Venezuela | 5,113,121 | 45.21 | 25 | 7,521,277 | 45.77 | 71 | 96 | |
A New Era | 998,606 | 8.83 | 2 | 1,143,317 | 6.96 | 10 | 12 | |
Justice First | 974,358 | 8.62 | 5 | 1,562,962 | 9.51 | 10 | 15 | |
Democratic Action | 924,339 | 8.17 | 14 | 1,321,830 | 8.04 | 8 | 22 | |
Copei | 580,458 | 5.13 | 1 | 723,579 | 4.40 | 5 | 6 | |
Fatherland for All | 340,566 | 3.01 | 1 | 677,472 | 4.12 | 1 | 2 | |
Project Venezuela | 339,853 | 3.01 | 2 | 572,753 | 3.49 | 1 | 3 | |
For Social Democracy | 298,311 | 2.64 | 0 | 477,747 | 2.91 | 2 | 2 | |
National Integrity Movement–Unity | 204,163 | 1.81 | 0 | 314,564 | 1.91 | 0 | 0 | |
Communist Party of Venezuela | 162,919 | 1.44 | 0 | 193,804 | 1.18 | 0 | 0 | |
Tupamaro | 152,829 | 1.35 | 0 | 148,479 | 0.90 | 0 | 0 | |
Radical Cause | 103,367 | 0.91 | 1 | 203,740 | 1.24 | 1 | 2 | |
Fearless People's Alliance | 91,408 | 0.81 | 0 | 132,223 | 0.80 | 0 | 0 | |
Clear Accounts | 75,723 | 0.67 | 0 | 100,261 | 0.61 | 1 | 1 | |
Red Flag Party | 67,563 | 0.60 | 0 | 82,790 | 0.50 | 0 | 0 | |
Republican Movement | 62,152 | 0.55 | 0 | 68,002 | 0.41 | 0 | 0 | |
Movement for Socialism | 51,461 | 0.46 | 0 | 67,357 | 0.41 | 0 | 0 | |
Convergence | 47,132 | 0.42 | 1 | 46,762 | 0.28 | 0 | 1 | |
Project Carabobo | 44,126 | 0.39 | 0 | 66,917 | 0.41 | 0 | 0 | |
United for Venezuela | 41,741 | 0.37 | 0 | 62,645 | 0.38 | 0 | 0 | |
National Opinion | 34,779 | 0.31 | 0 | 42,633 | 0.26 | 0 | 0 | |
Democratic Unity | 33,537 | 0.30 | 0 | 54,876 | 0.33 | 0 | 0 | |
Emerging People | 33,222 | 0.29 | 0 | 60,749 | 0.37 | 0 | 0 | |
Independent Solidarity | 31,385 | 0.28 | 0 | 44,282 | 0.27 | 0 | 0 | |
People's Electoral Movement | 30,826 | 0.27 | 0 | 40,039 | 0.24 | 0 | 0 | |
Democratic Republican Union | 24,669 | 0.22 | 0 | 37,079 | 0.23 | 0 | 0 | |
Venezuelan Popular Unity | 20,916 | 0.18 | 0 | 24,900 | 0.15 | 0 | 0 | |
People's Vanguard | 20,374 | 0.18 | 0 | 28,624 | 0.17 | 0 | 0 | |
Ecological Movement of Venezuela | 17,399 | 0.15 | 0 | 23,776 | 0.14 | 0 | 0 | |
Liberal Force | 14,547 | 0.13 | 0 | 27,535 | 0.17 | 0 | 0 | |
Allied Democrats of Free Expression | 14,065 | 0.12 | 0 | 14,912 | 0.09 | 0 | 0 | |
Only One People | 13,914 | 0.12 | 0 | 16,063 | 0.10 | 0 | 0 | |
Democracia Renovadora | 12,395 | 0.11 | 0 | 18,626 | 0.11 | 0 | 0 | |
Electores Libres | 11,088 | 0.10 | 0 | 14,298 | 0.09 | 0 | 0 | |
Gerencia Organizacion y Operatividad de Vision Avanzada | 11,049 | 0.10 | 0 | 11,352 | 0.07 | 0 | 0 | |
Frente Unido al Trabajo Social | 10,862 | 0.10 | 0 | 21,923 | 0.13 | 0 | 0 | |
Partido Autentico Nacional | 10,328 | 0.09 | 0 | 14,556 | 0.09 | 0 | 0 | |
Confederacion Democratica | 10,030 | 0.09 | 0 | 14,212 | 0.09 | 0 | 0 | |
Poder Laboral | 9,065 | 0.08 | 0 | 12,036 | 0.07 | 0 | 0 | |
Community Change Response Networks | 9,048 | 0.08 | 0 | 12,713 | 0.08 | 0 | 0 | |
Labour Movement | 8,913 | 0.08 | 0 | 14,043 | 0.09 | 0 | 0 | |
Union Nacional Independiente de Organizaciones Sociales | 8,723 | 0.08 | 0 | 8,425 | 0.05 | 0 | 0 | |
Por un Mejor Vivir | 8,536 | 0.08 | 0 | 15,098 | 0.09 | 0 | 0 | |
Independents for National Community | 8,079 | 0.07 | 0 | 7,508 | 0.05 | 0 | 0 | |
Organized Socialist Party in Venezuela | 7,895 | 0.07 | 0 | 12,065 | 0.07 | 0 | 0 | |
Think Democracy | 7,677 | 0.07 | 0 | 10,421 | 0.06 | 0 | 0 | |
United Youth in National Action with Bimba | 7,665 | 0.07 | 0 | 10,737 | 0.07 | 0 | 0 | |
Nosotros Organizados Elegimos | 7,541 | 0.07 | 0 | 12,107 | 0.07 | 0 | 0 | |
Organisation Force in Motion | 7,523 | 0.07 | 0 | 17,959 | 0.11 | 0 | 0 | |
Venezuela de Primera | 7,346 | 0.06 | 0 | 11,976 | 0.07 | 0 | 0 | |
Voluntarios por la Democracia | 7,213 | 0.06 | 0 | 14,176 | 0.09 | 0 | 0 | |
Movimiento Bastion Revolucionario Doscientos Cuatro Fases | 7,019 | 0.06 | 0 | 17,927 | 0.11 | 0 | 0 | |
Movimiento Conciencia de Pais | 6,472 | 0.06 | 0 | 10,674 | 0.06 | 0 | 0 | |
Por Mi Pueblo | 6,248 | 0.06 | 0 | 6,894 | 0.04 | 0 | 0 | |
Alianza Social Independiente Sucre | 6,127 | 0.05 | 0 | 7,984 | 0.05 | 0 | 0 | |
Movimiento Alternativo Buscando Soluciones | 5,886 | 0.05 | 0 | 15,623 | 0.10 | 0 | 0 | |
Vision Venezuela | 5,842 | 0.05 | 0 | 6,826 | 0.04 | 0 | 0 | |
Voters of Bolivar | 5,800 | 0.05 | 0 | 16,297 | 0.10 | 0 | 0 | |
Fuerza Ciudadana | 5,738 | 0.05 | 0 | 5,417 | 0.03 | 0 | 0 | |
Justicia, Rectitud, Lealtad | 5,733 | 0.05 | 0 | 6,524 | 0.04 | 0 | 0 | |
Solidaridad | 5,610 | 0.05 | 0 | 7,668 | 0.05 | 0 | 0 | |
Plataforma de Encuentro Social | 4,963 | 0.04 | 0 | 6,102 | 0.04 | 0 | 0 | |
Partido Politico Actividad Vecinal | 4,893 | 0.04 | 0 | 6,099 | 0.04 | 0 | 0 | |
United for Human Rights | 4,756 | 0.04 | 0 | 7,677 | 0.05 | 0 | 0 | |
Nuevo Pacto | 4,749 | 0.04 | 0 | 3,865 | 0.02 | 0 | 0 | |
Unidos por Monagas | 4,701 | 0.04 | 0 | 15,085 | 0.09 | 0 | 0 | |
Nuevo Orden Social | 4,528 | 0.04 | 0 | 5,631 | 0.03 | 0 | 0 | |
Renovacion Organizada Grupo Emergente | 4,161 | 0.04 | 0 | 4,228 | 0.03 | 0 | 0 | |
Movimiento Nacional la Base Decide | 3,612 | 0.03 | 0 | 6,115 | 0.04 | 0 | 0 | |
Dignidad Patriotica | 3,029 | 0.03 | 0 | 5,128 | 0.03 | 0 | 0 | |
Fuerza de la Gente | 2,613 | 0.02 | 0 | 3,035 | 0.02 | 0 | 0 | |
Dignidad Social Monaguense | 2,540 | 0.02 | 0 | 3,965 | 0.02 | 0 | 0 | |
Organizados para Gobernar Gente Nueva | 2,492 | 0.02 | 0 | 2,845 | 0.02 | 0 | 0 | |
Advanced Regional Movement | 2,189 | 0.02 | 0 | 2,187 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | |
Consenso en la Zona | 2,168 | 0.02 | 0 | 2,597 | 0.02 | 0 | 0 | |
Revolutionary Socialist Party of Venezuela | 2,067 | 0.02 | 0 | 3,430 | 0.02 | 0 | 0 | |
Movimiento Vecinal Comunitario | 1,816 | 0.02 | 0 | 4,291 | 0.03 | 0 | 0 | |
Movimiento pro Defensa de la Comunidad | 1,651 | 0.01 | 0 | 1,862 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | |
Pueblo en la Calle | 1,583 | 0.01 | 0 | 1,186 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | |
Luz de Anzoategui | 1,568 | 0.01 | 0 | 2,190 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | |
Movimiento Comunitario Voluntad Vecinal | 1,507 | 0.01 | 0 | 2,271 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | |
Progreso Unidad para Anzoátegui | 1,497 | 0.01 | 0 | 1,823 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | |
Movement 100 | 1,472 | 0.01 | 0 | 3,511 | 0.02 | 0 | 0 | |
Movimiento de Inclusion sin Exclusion en Lara | 1,418 | 0.01 | 0 | 3,387 | 0.02 | 0 | 0 | |
Movimiento Popular | 1,397 | 0.01 | 0 | 1,158 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | |
Voluntariado por Lara | 1,357 | 0.01 | 0 | 3,301 | 0.02 | 0 | 0 | |
Urgencia Solidaria de Transformacion Estadal Democratica | 1,267 | 0.01 | 0 | 2,465 | 0.02 | 0 | 0 | |
Caroni Decide | 1,231 | 0.01 | 0 | 3,275 | 0.02 | 0 | 0 | |
Carabobo Militancia Nacional | 1,189 | 0.01 | 0 | 2,108 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | |
Movimiento Independiente por Maracaibo | 1,163 | 0.01 | 0 | 1,132 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | |
Por Amor a los Pueblos | 1,137 | 0.01 | 0 | 1,418 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | |
Comite de Bases Organizadas Independientes de Silva | 1,102 | 0.01 | 0 | 1,316 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | |
Tiempo Social Nacionalista | 1,076 | 0.01 | 0 | 1,315 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | |
Juventud Activa | 1,075 | 0.01 | 0 | 129 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | |
Partido Democracia Nacional | 1,037 | 0.01 | 0 | 850 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | |
Movimiento Independiente por El Zulia | 1,034 | 0.01 | 0 | 1,041 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | |
Intercultural Pluriethnic Movement of Venezuela | 1,002 | 0.01 | 0 | 852 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | |
Progreso en Marcha | 999 | 0.01 | 0 | 1,171 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | |
Puro Limon | 939 | 0.01 | 0 | 1,654 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | |
Alpha Project | 926 | 0.01 | 0 | 1,501 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | |
Seguimos Hacia Carabobo | 903 | 0.01 | 0 | 1,708 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | |
Somos Miranda | 857 | 0.01 | 0 | 1,321 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | |
Pueblo Luchador | 846 | 0.01 | 0 | 1,065 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | |
Dialogo | 837 | 0.01 | 0 | 1,052 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | |
Movimiento Emergente Regional Independiente | 834 | 0.01 | 0 | 742 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | |
Movimiento Ciudadano Unidos por la Democracia | 832 | 0.01 | 0 | 2,107 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | |
Puerto Cabello Primero | 823 | 0.01 | 0 | 929 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | |
Venezuela con Otra Vision | 823 | 0.01 | 0 | 1,179 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | |
Movimiento Unido Electoral Varguense Tu Esperanza | 809 | 0.01 | 0 | 1,640 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | |
Movimiento Popular Camino Nuevo | 799 | 0.01 | 0 | 1,467 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | |
Venezuelan Independent Will Voters | 796 | 0.01 | 0 | 912 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | |
Rumbo Seguro | 761 | 0.01 | 0 | 637 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | |
Abriendo Brecha por Anzoategui | 752 | 0.01 | 0 | 1,119 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | |
Worlers' Party | 731 | 0.01 | 0 | 1,020 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | |
Organised Independent Party | 702 | 0.01 | 0 | 478 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | |
Una Venezuela Activa Libre | 695 | 0.01 | 0 | 1,259 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | |
Cambio Historico Etico de Opinion | 656 | 0.01 | 0 | 966 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | |
Nuestra Esperanza en Lara | 656 | 0.01 | 0 | 1,706 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | |
Renovacion en Democracia Nacimiento Alternativo | 652 | 0.01 | 0 | 1,232 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | |
La Hora del Pueblo | 647 | 0.01 | 0 | 296 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | |
Partido Popular por una Caracas de Primera | 643 | 0.01 | 0 | 853 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | |
Consenso Histórico Electoral Independiente Que Educa | 627 | 0.01 | 0 | 839 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | |
Movimiento Independiente Alcantarense | 626 | 0.01 | 0 | 638 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | |
Alianza de Unidad Regional | 615 | 0.01 | 0 | 1,485 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | |
Social Cause | 606 | 0.01 | 0 | 849 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | |
Sociality Unity of the Left | 580 | 0.01 | 0 | 729 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | |
Grupo Electoral Regional Amazonense Dispuestos a Vencer Unidos | 566 | 0.01 | 0 | 747 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | |
Claridad Ciudadana | 543 | 0.00 | 0 | 1,166 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | |
Revolucionario Independiente Organizado Social | 532 | 0.00 | 0 | 596 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | |
Movement for Direct Democracy | 524 | 0.00 | 0 | 391 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | |
Ciudadanos a la Reconstruccion Vamos | 479 | 0.00 | 0 | 458 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | |
Venezuela Alternativa | 464 | 0.00 | 0 | 740 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | |
Amigos por Venezuela | 456 | 0.00 | 0 | 457 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | |
Alternativa Revolucionaria para Avanzar al Socialismo | 429 | 0.00 | 0 | 778 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | |
Constructores de Guayana | 407 | 0.00 | 0 | 993 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | |
Unión Patriótica Guariqueña | 379 | 0.00 | 0 | 340 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | |
Movimiento Independiente Renovador-200 | 374 | 0.00 | 0 | 432 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | |
Movimiento Comunidades Organizadas | 360 | 0.00 | 0 | 874 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | |
La Red del Pueblo | 349 | 0.00 | 0 | 312 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | |
Fuerza Democrata de Venezuela | 332 | 0.00 | 0 | 346 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | |
Nueva Generacion Insular | 321 | 0.00 | 0 | 298 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | |
Movimiento Revolucionario Barineses por Venezuela | 315 | 0.00 | 0 | 556 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | |
Por un Mariño Mejor | 306 | 0.00 | 0 | 271 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | |
Sobre Ruedas por Cojedes | 304 | 0.00 | 0 | 371 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | |
Everyone United for Amazonas | 298 | 0.00 | 0 | 201 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | |
Alianza Eficaz | 273 | 0.00 | 0 | 417 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | |
Unidad Patriotica Comunitaria | 267 | 0.00 | 0 | 280 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | |
Sixth Republic | 234 | 0.00 | 0 | 214 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | |
Socialismo en Marcha | 216 | 0.00 | 0 | 373 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | |
Vamos Adelante | 206 | 0.00 | 0 | 196 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | |
Movimiento Politico de Participacion Ciudadana | 182 | 0.00 | 0 | 153 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | |
Guardianes de la Patria | 170 | 0.00 | 0 | 189 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | |
Movimiento Progresista | 153 | 0.00 | 0 | 210 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | |
Fuerza Brava | 152 | 0.00 | 0 | 277 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | |
Nueva Revolucion | 140 | 0.00 | 0 | 109 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | |
Por Vargas de Verdad | 126 | 0.00 | 0 | 203 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | |
Nuevo Dia | 119 | 0.00 | 0 | 115 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | |
Movimiento de Avanzada Regional Organizada en Amazonas | 111 | 0.00 | 0 | 84 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | |
Amigos de Alianza Libertadora Independiente | 107 | 0.00 | 0 | 77 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | |
Yacimiento Indigenista Venezolano Independiente | 104 | 0.00 | 0 | 1,102 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | |
People of Vargas | 100 | 0.00 | 0 | 175 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | |
Accion Regional Social Voluntaria | 95 | 0.00 | 0 | 100 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | |
Vargas Solidaria | 93 | 0.00 | 0 | 195 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | |
Movimiento de Concentracion Gente Nueva | 71 | 0.00 | 0 | 58 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | |
Patria y Democracia | 68 | 0.00 | 0 | 61 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | |
Grupo de Accion Radical Unidos por la Amistad | 67 | 0.00 | 0 | 71 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | |
Rompamos Cadenas | 61 | 0.00 | 0 | 124 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | |
Siempre Contigo Carabobo | 2,039 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Varias Tarjetas Válidas | 1,521 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Fuerza con Caticaracas | 1,102 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Dignidad Independiente en Accion | 22 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Independents | 428 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Indigenous representatives | 3 | |||||||
Total | 11,309,145 | 100.00 | 52 | 16,431,660 | 100.00 | 110 | 165 | |
Valid votes | 11,309,145 | 97.52 | ||||||
Invalid/blank votes | 287,094 | 2.48 | ||||||
Total votes | 11,596,239 | 100.00 | ||||||
Registered voters/turnout | 17,458,473 | 66.42 | ||||||
Source: IFES, Jose Huerta, CNE |
State | Party list seats | Nominal seats | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Votes | Seats | PSUV | MUD | PPT | |||||||||||||
PSUV | MUD | PPT | Others | PSUV | MUD | PPT | PODEMOS | MPJ | AD | Causa Я | CC | COPEI | UNT | PV | |||
Amazonas | 23,934 | 8,071 | 23,699 | 1,244 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||
Anzoátegui | 278,717 | 323,701 | 5,326 | 12,172 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | ||||||||
Apure | 97,966 | 59,197 | 2,623 | 2,069 | 1 | 1 | 3 | ||||||||||
Aragua | 354,638 | 328,165 | 5,990 | 16,567 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 2 | |||||||||
Barinas | 172,643 | 129,244 | 2,743 | 1,736 | 1 | 1 | 4 | ||||||||||
Bolivar | 257,546 | 243,998 | 4,766 | 5,414 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 1 | |||||||||
Carabobo | 390,834 | 484,390 | 6,724 | 23,096 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
Cojedes | 80,837 | 41,207 | 1,086 | 3,381 | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||||
Delta Amacuro | 51,013 | 16,264 | 584 | 3,436 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||
Distrito Capital | 484,103 | 484,844 | 11,313 | 33,862 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 1 | |||||||||
Falcón | 189,769 | 167,674 | 3,562 | 1,976 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | |||||||||
Guárico | 164,281 | 82,372 | 32,407 | 2,852 | 1 | 1 | 3 | ||||||||||
Lara | 297,275 | 219,348 | 207,181 | 4,980 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 2 | |||||||||
Mérida | 178,638 | 183,563 | 2,851 | 1,734 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | |||||||||
Miranda | 501,468 | 691,118 | 7,026 | 10,245 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 4 | |||||||||
Monagas | 194,118 | 116,909 | 1,975 | 17,546 | 1 | 1 | 4 | ||||||||||
Nueva Esparta | 78,656 | 111,735 | 1,345 | 968 | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||||
Portuguesa | 205,739 | 104,887 | 7,102 | 8,274 | 1 | 1 | 4 | ||||||||||
Sucre | 170,541 | 157,239 | 2,506 | 1,502 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||
Táchira | 216,393 | 290,217 | 1,672 | 5,771 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | |||||||||
Trujillo | 175,116 | 98,538 | 2,809 | 2,861 | 1 | 1 | 3 | ||||||||||
Vargas | 84,241 | 66,553 | 1,291 | 1,574 | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||||
Yaracuy | 131,982 | 97,725 | 11,129 | 1,063 | 1 | 1 | 3 | ||||||||||
Zulia | 670,974 | 827,350 | 6,967 | 4,414 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 10 | |||||||||
TOTAL | 5,451,422 48.20% | 5,334,309 47.17% | 354,677 3.14% | 168,737 1.49% | 25 | 26 | 1 | 71 | 2 | 10 | 8 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 10 | 1 | 1 |
Three additional seats are reserved for indigenous peoples: these were won by the Fundación para la Capacitación e Integración y Dignificación, the Movimiento Indígena Autónomo del estado Zulia and the Consejo Nacional Indio de Venezuela (CONIVE). | |||||||||||||||||
Source: National Electoral Council [35] [36] | |||||||||||||||||
Representative | Party | State | Votes |
---|---|---|---|
Bloque oficialista | |||
César Sanguinetti | PSUV | Amazonas | List |
Earle Herrera | PSUV | Anzoátegui | List |
Cristóbal Jiménez | PSUV | Apure | List |
Orlando Zambrano | PSUV | Apure-1 | 33 034 |
Juan García | PSUV | Apure-2 | 33 208 |
Jhonny Salguero | PSUV | Apure-3 | 30 473 |
María León | PSUV | Aragua | List |
Rosa León | PSUV | Aragua-2 | 95 260 |
José Hernández | PSUV | Aragua-2 | 94 209 |
Carlos Escarrᆠ| PSUV | Aragua-3 | 66 555 |
Elvis Amoroso | PSUV | Aragua-4 | 75 540 |
Giovanny Peña | PSUV | Barinas | List |
Jesús Graterol | PSUV | Barinas-1 | 115 632 |
Eduardo Lima | PSUV | Barinas-1 | 115 025 |
Zulay Martínez | PSUV | Barinas-2 | 59 544 |
Maigualida Santana | PSUV | Barinas-2 | 59 260 |
Victoria Mata | PSUV | Bolívar | List |
Gil Barrios | PSUV | Bolívar-1 | 78 721 |
Tito Oviedo | PSUV | Bolívar-1 | 78 270 |
Richard Sosa | PSUV | Bolívar-2 | 134 057 |
Nancy Asencio | PSUV | Bolívar-2 | 133 916 |
Sol Velásquez | PSUV | Bolívar-2 | 133 434 |
Francisco Ameliach | PSUV | Carabobo | List |
Miriam Pérez | PSUV | Carabobo-1 | 78 841 |
Héctor Argüero | PSUV | Carabobo-4 | 58 791 |
José Ávila | PSUV | Carabobo-5 | 149 977 |
Saúl Ortega | PSUV | Carabobo-5 | 149 812 |
Asdrúbal Colina | PSUV | Carabobo-5 | 149 753 |
Érika Farías | PSUV | Cojedes | List |
Loidy Herrera | PSUV | Cojedes-1 | 36 763 |
Alejandro Villanueva | PSUV | Cojedes-2 | 41 455 |
Yelitza Santaella | PSUV | Delta Amacuro | List |
Henry Hernández | PSUV | Delta Amacuro | List |
Alfredo Rojas | PSUV | Delta Amacuro-1 | 26 535 |
Loa Tamaronis | PSUV | Delta Amacuro-2 | 20 804 |
Cilia Flores | PSUV | Distrito Capital | List |
Aristóbulo Istúriz | PSUV | Distrito Capital-1 | 134 919 |
Freddy Bernal | PSUV | Distrito Capital-1 | 133 115 |
Robert Serra† | PSUV | Distrito Capital-2 | 71 339 |
Jesús Farías | PSUV | Distrito Capital-4 | 80 359 |
Darío Vivas | PSUV | Distrito Capital-5 | 138 531 |
Juan Carlos Alemán | PSUV | Distrito Capital-5 | 138 436 |
Fernando Soto | PSUV | Falcón | List |
Andrés Eloy Méndez | PSUV | Falcón-1 | 39 417 |
Jesús Montilla | PSUV | Falcón-2 | 58 308 |
Henry Ventura | PSUV | Falcón-4 | 41 396 |
Jesús Cepeda | PSUV | Guárico-1 | 78 820 |
Roger Cordero | PSUV | Guárico-2 | 45 714 |
Alfredo Ureña | PSUV | Guárico-3 | 39 026 |
Luis Reyes Reyes | PSUV | Lara | List |
Alexander Torrealba | PSUV | Lara-1 | 130 197 |
Francisco Martínez | PSUV | Lara-1 | 130 115 |
Isabel Lameda | PSUV | Lara-1 | 129 499 |
Alexander Dudamel | PSUV | Lara-2 | 115 658 |
Julio Chávez | PSUV | Lara-2 | 114 630 |
Diógenes Andrade | PSUV | Mérida | List |
Alexis Ramírez | PSUV | Mérida-1 | 46 161 |
Ramón Lobo | PSUV | Mérida-2 | 43 177 |
Guido Ochoa | PSUV | Mérida-3 | 45 659 |
Héctor Navarro | PSUV | Miranda | List |
Juan Soto | PSUV | Miranda-4 | 106 839 |
Marleny Contreras | PSUV | Miranda-4 | 106 737 |
Modesto Ruiz | PSUV | Miranda-5 | 52 592 |
Claudio Farías | PSUV | Miranda-6 | 95 629 |
Elio Serrano | PSUV | Miranda-7 | 54 980 |
Diosdado Cabello | PSUV | Monagas | List |
María Aranguren | PSUV | Monagas-1 | 120 708 |
Orangel López | PSUV | Monagas-1 | 120 306 |
Nelson Rodríguez Parra | PSUV | Monagas-1 | 120 250 |
Jesús Domínguez | PSUV | Monagas-2 | 70 101 |
William Fariñas | PSUV | Nueva Esparta | List |
Blanca Eekhout | PSUV | Portuguesa | List |
Silvio Mora | PSUV | Portuguesa-1 | 65 241 |
Enzo Caballo Russo | PSUV | Portuguesa-2 | 43 371 |
Nelson Escobar | PSUV | Portuguesa-3 | 54 068 |
César González | PSUV | Portuguesa-4 | 42 714 |
Luis Acuña Cedeño | PSUV | Sucre | List |
Erick Mago | PSUV | Sucre-1 | 54 432 |
Algencio Monasterio | PSUV | Sucre-2 | 38 088 |
Iris Varela | PSUV | Táchira | List |
Ricardo Sanguino | PSUV | Táchira-3 | 40 854 |
Manuel Briceño | PSUV | Trujillo | List |
Christian Zerpa | PSUV | Trujillo-1 | 61 582 |
José Morales | PSUV | Trujillo-2 | 66 633 |
Hugbel Roa | PSUV | Trujillo-3 | 47 119 |
Oswaldo Vera | PSUV | Vargas | List |
Odalis Monzón | PSUV | Vargas-1 | 84 456 |
Gladys Requena | PSUV | Vargas-1 | 84 083 |
Braulio Álvarez | PSUV | Yaracuy | List |
Néstor León Heredia | PSUV | Yaracuy-1 | 46 985 |
Yorman Aular | PSUV | Yaracuy-2 | 39 147 |
Carlos Gamarra | PSUV | Yaracuy-3 | 45 933 |
Francisco Arias Cárdenas | PSUV | Zulia | List |
Jhony Bracho | PSUV | Zulia-2 | 38 021 |
Sergio Fuenmayor | PSUV | Zulia-3 | 65 588 |
Óscar Figueras | PCV | Guárico | List |
José Luis González | CONIVE | Indígena-Oriente | 852 689 |
Argelio Pérez | FUNDACIDI | Indígena-Sur | 119 270 |
Bloque Mesa de la Unidad Democrática | |||
Hiram Gaviria | UNT | Aragua-1 | 151 418 |
Stalin González | UNT | Distrito Capital | List |
Carlos Ramos Rivas | UNT | Mérida-3 | 75 685 |
William Ojeda | UNT | Miranda | List |
Alfonso Marquina | UNT | Miranda-1 | 112 595 |
Orlando Ávila | UNT | Nueva Esparta-1 | 46 700 |
Enrique Catalán | UNT | Trujillo | List |
Omar Barboza | UNT | Zulia | List |
Alfredo Osorio | UNT | Zulia | List |
Juan Romero | UNT | Zulia-1 | 45 112 |
William Barrientos | UNT | Zulia-4 | 49 368 |
José Sánchez | UNT | Zulia-5 | 92 123 |
Enrique Márquez | UNT | Zulia-6 | 93 985 |
Elías Matta | UNT | Zulia-8 | 71 305 |
Julio Montoya | UNT | Zulia-9 | 88 797 |
Freddy Paz | UNT | Zulia-12 | 46 599 |
Antonio Barreto Sira | AD | Anzoátegui | List |
Rodolfo Rodríguez | AD | Anzoátegui-1 | 90 441 |
Carlos Michelangeli | AD | Anzoátegui-3 | 94 565 |
Miriam de Montilla | AD | Apure | List |
Dennis Fernández | AD | Cojedes | List |
Elieser Sirit | AD | Falcón | List |
Edgar Zambrano | AD | Lara-3 | 85 808 |
Williams Dávila | AD | Mérida | List |
Juan Pablo García | AD | Monagas | List |
Tobías Bolívar Parra | AD | Nueva Esparta | List |
César Rincones | AD | Sucre | List |
Leomagno Flores | AD | Táchira-1 | 54 321 |
Bernardo Guerra | AD | Vargas | List |
Hernán Alemán | AD | Zulia-10 | 100 802 |
Jacinto Romero Luna | COPEI | Anzoátegui-2 | 55 335 |
José Gregorio Graterol | COPEI | Falcón-3 | 54 235 |
Eduardo Gómez Sigala | COPEI | Lara-3 | 88 706 |
Enrique Mendoza | COPEI | Miranda-2 | 234 272 |
Morel Rodríguez Rojas | COPEI | Nueva Esparta-2 | 64 049 |
Iván Colmenares | COPEI | Portuguesa | List |
Homero Ruiz | COPEI | Táchira | List |
Gabino Paz | COPEI | Táchira-2 | 44 056 |
Abelardo Díaz | COPEI | Táchira-4 | 44 056 |
Mervin Méndez | COPEI | Zulia-11 | 87 514 |
Richard Arteaga | PJ | Anzoátegui-3 | 93 117 |
Richard Mardo | PJ | Aragua-1 | 152 722 |
Dinhora Figuera | PJ | Distrito Capital | List |
Julio Borges | PJ | Miranda | List |
Juan Carlos Caldera | PJ | Miranda-3 | 122 847 |
Tomás Guanipa | PJ | Zulia-7 | 73 099 |
Jesús Paraqueima | PODEMOS | Anzoátegui-1 | 91 195 |
Ismael García | PODEMOS | Aragua | List |
Hermes García | PODEMOS | Sucre-3 | 92 292 |
Carlos Berrizbeitia | PROVE | Carabobo | List |
Deyaitza Aray | PROVE | Carabobo | List |
Vestalia Sampedro | PROVE | Carabobo-2 | 64 671 |
Andrés Velásquez | LCR | Bolívar | List |
Américo de Grazia | LCR | Bolívar-3 | 48 439 |
Alfredo Ramos | LCR | Lara | List |
Richar Blanco | ABP | Distrito Capital-3 | 124 957 |
Biaggio Pirieli | Convergencia | Yaracuy | List |
Marcos Figueroa | DALE | Anzoátegui-4 | 80 810 |
Julio César Reyes | GE | Barinas | List |
Miguel Cocchiola | CC | Carabobo-3 | 164 494 |
Hernán Núñez | MVP | Sucre-3 | 94 457 |
José Manuel González | Indep | Guárico | List |
María Corina Machado | Indep | Miranda-2 | 235 259 |
Miguel Ángel Rodríguez | Indep | Táchira-5 | 97 458 |
Arcadio Montiel | MIAZULIA | Indígena-Occidente | 1 063 904 |
Partido Patria Para Todos | |||
Nirma Guarulla | PPT | Amazonas | List |
Julio YgarzaR | PPT | Amazonas-1 | 23 453 |
Chavez called the results a "solid victory." [37]
The price on Venezuelan bonds increased on news of the election results, described by Bloomberg as "Chavez's worst setback at the ballot box since taking office in 1999". [38]
According to Reuters, "The new parliamentarians do not take their seats until January, so Chavez has a compliant Assembly for three months more to push through legislation." [39]
After the election, the Spanish newspaper El País suggested that the PSUV and the MUD would have finished with 80 seats each had the elections been run under the previous system. [40] [41]
The politics of Venezuela are conducted under what is nominally a federal presidential republic, but is in practice an authoritarian system of government. Prior to the early 1990s, Venezuela was considered an unusually long-standing and stable liberal democracy in Latin America, having transitioned to democracy in 1958. According to the V-Dem Democracy indices Venezuela was in 2023 the third least electoral democratic country in Latin America.
The National Electoral Council is one of the five branches of government of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela that was designed to be loyal to revolution. It is the institution that has the responsibility of overseeing and guaranteeing the transparency of all elections and referendums in Venezuela at the local, regional, and national levels. The creation of the CNE was ratified in Venezuela's 1999 constitutional referendum. Following the election of Nicolás Maduro into the presidency, the CNE has been described, by the president's opponents, as being pro-Maduro.
The National Assembly is the legislature for Venezuela that was first elected in 2000. It is a unicameral body made up of a variable number of members, who were elected by a "universal, direct, personal, and secret" vote partly by direct election in state-based voting districts, and partly on a state-based party-list proportional representation system. The number of seats is constant, each state and the Capital district elected three representatives plus the result of dividing the state population by 1.1% of the total population of the country. Three seats are reserved for representatives of Venezuela's indigenous peoples and elected separately by all citizens, not just those with indigenous backgrounds. For the 2010 to 2015 the number of seats was 165. All deputies serve five-year terms. The National Assembly meets in the Federal Legislative Palace in Venezuela's capital, Caracas.
The Supreme Justice Tribunal is the highest court of law in the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela and is the head of the judicial branch. As the independence of the Venezuelan judiciary under the regime of Nicolás Maduro is questioned, there have recently been many disputes as to whether this court is legitimate.
Elections in Venezuela are held at a national level for the President of Venezuela as head of state and head of government, and for a unicameral legislature. The President of Venezuela is elected for a six-year term by direct election plurality voting, and is eligible for re-election. The National Assembly (Asamblea Nacional) has 277 members (diputados), elected for five-year terms using a mixed-member majoritarian representation system. Elections also take place at state level and local level.
Presidential elections were held in Venezuela on 3 December 2006 to elect a president for a six-year term to begin on 10 January 2007. The contest was primarily between incumbent President Hugo Chávez, and Zulia Governor Manuel Rosales of the opposition party A New Era.
Parliamentary elections were held in Venezuela on 4 December 2005 to elect the 167 deputies to the National Assembly of Venezuela, twelve deputies to the Latin American Parliament and five deputies to the Andean Parliament. Several days prior to the elections, five opposition parties unexpectedly withdrew, shortly after a dispute over the voting process had apparently been resolved with the support of the Organization of American States (OAS). The opposition had been expected to get around a third of the Assembly seats, or even less; the withdrawal meant the opposition were scarcely represented in the parliament at all, as the opposition parties which did not withdraw failed to win any seats. 114 seats went to the President's Fifth Republic Movement (MVR) – up from 86, with the remaining 53 going to "smaller pro-Chávez parties as well as to independents and representatives of some social groups that support the government".
María Corina Machado Parisca is a Venezuelan opposition politician and industrial engineer who served as an elected member of the National Assembly of Venezuela from 2011 to 2014. Machado entered politics in 2002 as the founder and leader of the vote-monitoring group Súmate, alongside Alejandro Plaz. In 2018, she was listed as one of BBC's 100 Women. Machado is currently regarded as a leading figure of the Venezuelan opposition; the Nicolás Maduro government in Venezuela has banned Machado from leaving Venezuela.
The United Socialist Party of Venezuela is a left-wing to far-left socialist political party which has been the ruling party of Venezuela since 2007. It was formed from a merger of some of the political and social forces that support the Bolivarian Revolution led by President Hugo Chávez.
The Democratic Unity Roundtable was a catch-all electoral coalition of Venezuelan political parties formed in January 2008 to unify the opposition to President Hugo Chávez's United Socialist Party of Venezuela in the 2010 Venezuelan parliamentary election. A previous opposition umbrella group, the Coordinadora Democrática, had collapsed after the failure of the 2004 Venezuelan recall referendum.
Presidential elections were held in Venezuela on 7 October 2012 to choose a president for a six-year term beginning in January 2013.
Constituent Assembly elections were held in Venezuela on 25 July 1999, following a referendum in April on convening one.
Presidential elections were held in Venezuela on 14 April 2013 following the death of President Hugo Chávez on 5 March 2013. Nicolás Maduro—who had assumed the role of acting president since Chávez's death—was declared winner with a narrow victory over his opponent Henrique Capriles, the Governor of Miranda. Capriles had run in the previous election less than a year before, losing to Chávez by an 11-point margin. This time the margin of victory was much smaller, and thus became the closest presidential election of the country since the 1968 election.
Parliamentary elections were held in Venezuela on 6 December 2015 to elect the 164 deputies and three indigenous representatives of the National Assembly. They were the fourth parliamentary elections to take place after the 1999 constitution, which abolished the bicameral system in favour of a unicameral parliament, and the first to take place after the death of President Hugo Chávez. Despite predictions from the opposition of a possible last-minute cancellation, the elections took place as scheduled, with the majority of polls showing the Democratic Unity Roundtable (MUD) holding a wide lead over the ruling United Socialist Party of Venezuela (PSUV) and its wider alliance, the Great Patriotic Pole (GPP).
Presidential elections were held in Venezuela on 20 May 2018, with incumbent Nicolás Maduro being declared re-elected for a second six-year term. The original electoral date was scheduled for December 2018 but was subsequently pulled ahead to 22 April before being pushed back to 20 May. Some analysts described the poll as a sham election, as many prominent opposition parties had been barred from participating in it. The elections had the lowest voter turnout in Venezuela's democratic era.
Regional elections were held in Venezuela on 15 October 2017 to elect the executive position of all 23 federal entities. This marked the first state executive election not held on the same date as elections for state legislatures, and the second separate from municipal elections. They were the 9th regional elections held in Venezuela since 1989.
Municipal elections were held in Venezuela on 10 December 2017, to elect 335 mayors throughout Venezuela, as well as the governor of the state of Zulia. This was the first municipal election held since 2013, when elections were delayed from 2012 following the death of Hugo Chávez. The election resulted in many members of the United Socialist Party of Venezuela being elected as heads of municipal governments throughout Venezuela.
Parliamentary elections were held in Venezuela on 6 December 2020. Aside from the 167 deputies of the National Assembly who are eligible to be re-elected, the new National Electoral Council president announced that the assembly would increase by 110 seats, for a total of 277 deputies to be elected.
Regional and municipal elections were held in Venezuela on 21 November 2021. In the elections, all executive and legislative positions of the 23 federal entities, as well as that of the 335 municipalities of the country, were renewed.
Venezuelan opposition to the Chavista governments of former President Hugo Chávez and current President Nicolás Maduro, commonly referred to as the Venezuelan opposition, or sometimes, anti-Chavismo, is a political umbrella term used to describe political, social and religious movements that have opposed Chavismo, and the associated Bolivarian Revolution political process since 2 February 1999.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)