Rafael Antonio Caldera Rodríguez,was a Venezuelan politician and academician who was the 41st and 46th president of Venezuela from 1969 to 1974 and again from 1994 to 1999,thus becoming the longest serving democratically elected politician to govern the country in the twentieth century.
The Supreme Justice Tribunal is the highest court of law in the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela and is the head of the judicial branch. As the independence of the Venezuelan judiciary under the regime of Nicolás Maduro is questioned,there have recently been many disputes as to whether this court is legitimate.
Democratic Action is a Venezuelan social democratic and centre-left political party established in 1941. The party played an important role in the early years of Venezuelan democracy,leading the government during Venezuela's first democratic period (1945–1948). A decade of dictatorship under Marcos Pérez Jiménez followed,which saw AD excluded from power. With the advent of democracy in 1958,four Presidents of Venezuela came from Acción Democrática from the 1950s to the 1990s during the two-party period with COPEI.
Parliamentary elections were held in Venezuela on 4 December 2005 to elect the 167 deputies to the National Assembly of Venezuela,twelve deputies to the Latin American Parliament and five deputies to the Andean Parliament. Several days prior to the elections,five opposition parties unexpectedly withdrew,shortly after a dispute over the voting process had apparently been resolved with the support of the Organization of American States (OAS). The opposition had been expected to get around a third of the Assembly seats,or even less;the withdrawal meant the opposition were scarcely represented in the parliament at all,as the opposition parties which did not withdraw failed to win any seats. 114 seats went to the President's Fifth Republic Movement (MVR) –up from 86,with the remaining 53 going to "smaller pro-Chávez parties as well as to independents and representatives of some social groups that support the government".
Regional elections were held in Venezuela on 23 November 2008 to choose 22 governors and 2 metropolitan mayors. The candidates were selected for a term beginning in 2008 and ending in 2012,when the next regional elections will be held. The 2008 regional elections were the second during the government of Hugo Chávez Frías and the first since he founded the United Socialist Party.
The Democratic Unity Roundtable was a catch-all electoral coalition of Venezuelan political parties formed in January 2008 to unify the opposition to President Hugo Chávez's United Socialist Party of Venezuela in the 2010 Venezuelan parliamentary election. A previous opposition umbrella group,the Coordinadora Democrática,had collapsed after the failure of the 2004 Venezuelan recall referendum.
Popular Will is a political party in Venezuela founded by former Mayor of Chacao,Leopoldo López,who is its national co-ordinator. The party previously held 14 out of 167 seats in the Venezuelan National Assembly,the country's parliament,and is a member of the Democratic Unity Roundtable,the electoral coalition that held a plurality in the National Assembly between 2015 and 2020. The party describes itself as progressive and social-democratic,and was admitted into the Socialist International in December 2014. The party was formed in reaction to complaints of infringements of individual freedom and human rights on the part of the government of the Venezuelan president Hugo Chávez and his successor,Nicolás Maduro. The party attempts to bring together Venezuelans of various backgrounds who consider Chavismo oppressive and authoritarian. Popular Will self-identifies itself as "a pluralist and democratic movement" that is committed to "progress",which it defines as the realization of "the social,economic,political,and human rights of every Venezuelan." The party says its "fundamental pillars" are progress,democracy,and social action.
The PanAm Post is a conservative libertarian and anti-socialist news and opinion website launched in 2013 by Luis Henrique Ball Zuloaga. It publishes Spanish and English news,investigations,and opinion from a free market perspective and "in the tradition of pan-Americanism." The outlet is based in Miami,Florida.
Parliamentary elections were held in Venezuela on 6 December 2015 to elect the 164 deputies and three indigenous representatives of the National Assembly. They were the fourth parliamentary elections to take place after the 1999 constitution,which abolished the bicameral system in favour of a unicameral parliament,and the first to take place after the death of President Hugo Chávez. Despite predictions from the opposition of a possible last-minute cancellation,the elections took place as scheduled,with the majority of polls showing the Democratic Unity Roundtable (MUD) holding a wide lead over the ruling United Socialist Party of Venezuela (PSUV) and its wider alliance,the Great Patriotic Pole (GPP).
Presidential elections were held in Venezuela on 20 May 2018,with incumbent Nicolás Maduro being declared re-elected for a second six-year term. The original electoral date was scheduled for December 2018 but was subsequently pulled ahead to 22 April before being pushed back to 20 May. Some analysts described the poll as a sham election,as many prominent opposition parties had been barred from participating in it. The elections had the lowest voter turnout in Venezuela's democratic era.
Freddy Guevara is a Venezuelan politician. He was elected deputy to the Venezuelan National Assembly for Circuit 2 of the Miranda State representing the Democratic Unity Roundtable in the parliamentary elections of December 6,2015. He has been a key figure of the opposition to Nicolás Maduro,Guevara was arrested in July 2021 charged with crimes against the state. The United States and others condemned the arrest as politically-motivated. In mid-August,he was freed as part of negotiations between the Maduro government and the Venezuelan opposition.
Parliamentary elections were held in Venezuela on 6 December 2020. Aside from the 167 deputies of the National Assembly who are eligible to be re-elected,the new National Electoral Council president announced that the assembly would increase by 110 seats,for a total of 277 deputies to be elected.
Richard Miguel Mardo Mardo is a Venezuelan politician. He is the leader of the Justice First party in Aragua,as well as one of its deputy leaders,along with Carlos Ocariz. He was a member of the National Assembly of Venezuela from 2011 to 2016.
Edgar JoséZambrano Ramírez is a Venezuelan lawyer and politician that currently serves as a National Assembly deputy for the Lara state. From January 5,2019 to January 5,2020,he served as First Vice President of the Assembly. He was President of the Permanent Defense and Security Parliamentary Commission between 2016 and 2018. He is the vice president of the opposition political party Democratic Action.
Freddy Superlano Salinas is a Venezuelan politician,educator and engineer currently serving as a deputy for the Popular Will party in the National Assembly. He is an outspoken critic of Nicolás Maduro and the United Socialist Party of Venezuela. He was also a candidate for the governor of Barinas state for the Democratic Unity Roundtable in the 2017 election,which he lost to the pro-government candidate Argenis Chávez.
Juan Pablo Isidoro Guanipa Villalobos is a Venezuelan lawyer and politician who served as deputy and First Vice President of the National Assembly,leader of the Justice First political party and former governor of Zulia. He was a presidential candidate in the 2018 elections until boycott. Guanipa is the regional coordinator of the Justice First party in Zulia and chairs the Maracaibo Posible foundation.
The Democratic Unitary Platform,or just the Unitary Platform,is a Venezuelan opposition political alliance made up of civil society,trade unions,retired military personnel,political parties,and deputies of the 2016–2021 National Assembly.
Regional and municipal elections were held in Venezuela on 21 November 2021. In the elections,all executive and legislative positions of the 23 federal entities,as well as that of the 335 municipalities of the country,were renewed.
Several interventions of political parties in Venezuela have occurred during Nicolás Maduro's government. The interventions are mandated by the pro-government Venezuelan Supreme Tribunal of Justice. During these interventions,the leadership or most of the political party members end up suspended,expelled or replaced by members appointed by the TSJ.
Venezuelan opposition to the Chavista governments of former President Hugo Chávez and current President Nicolás Maduro,commonly referred to as the Venezuelan opposition,or sometimes,anti-Chavismo,is a political umbrella term used to describe political,social and religious movements that have opposed Chavismo,and the associated Bolivarian Revolution political process since 2 February 1999.
