Cato Institute

Last updated

Cato Institute
Established1977;47 years ago (1977) [1]
Founders
Type 501(c)(3) non-profit think tank
23-7432162
FocusPublic advocacy, media exposure and societal influence
Location
Coordinates 38°54′12″N77°01′35″W / 38.90333°N 77.02639°W / 38.90333; -77.02639
President and CEO
Peter N. Goettler [2]
Chairman
 Robert A. Levy [2]
Executive Vice-President
Vacant
Revenue (2020)
$31,695,000 [3]
Expenses (2020)$31,726,000 [3]
Endowment (2020)$85,585,000 [3]
Staff
100 staff
46 faculty
70 adjunct faculty
Website www.cato.org OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
Formerly called
Charles Koch Foundation; Cato Foundation
The Cato Institute's headquarters on Massachusetts Avenue in Washington, D.C. Cato Institute (53844808448).jpg
The Cato Institute's headquarters on Massachusetts Avenue in Washington, D.C.

The Cato Institute is an American libertarian think tank headquartered in Washington, D.C. It was founded in 1977 by Ed Crane, Murray Rothbard, and Charles Koch, [4] chairman of the board and chief executive officer of Koch Industries. [nb 1] Cato was established to focus on public advocacy, media exposure, and societal influence. [5]

Contents

Cato advocates for a limited governmental role in domestic and foreign affairs and strong protection of civil liberties, including support for lowering or abolishing most taxes, opposition to the Federal Reserve system and the Affordable Care Act, the privatization of numerous government agencies and programs including Social Security and the United States Postal Service, demilitarization of the police, open borders and adhering to a non-interventionist foreign policy.

According to the 2019 Global Go to Think Tank Index Report (revised June 2020, Think Tanks and Civil Societies Program, University of Pennsylvania), Cato was number 20 in the "Top Think Tanks Worldwide" and number 13 in the "Top Think Tanks in the United States". [6]

History

20th century

The institute was founded in January 1977 in San Francisco, California; [1] named at the suggestion of cofounder Rothbard after Cato's Letters , a series of British essays penned in the early 18th century by John Trenchard and Thomas Gordon. [7] [8]

In 1981, Murray Rothbard was removed from the Cato Institute by the board. [9] That same year, Cato relocated to Washington, D.C., settling initially in a historic house on Capitol Hill. The institute moved to its current location on Massachusetts Avenue in 1993. [10]

21st century

In 2009, Cato Institute was ranked the fifth-ranked think tank in the world in a study of think tanks by James G. McGann, at the University of Pennsylvania, based on a criterion of excellence in "producing rigorous and relevant research, publications and programs in one or more substantive areas of research". [11]

The Cato Institute had a budget of $23 million in 2012. [12] In 2015, Cato's revenue exceeded $37 million, and the organization had 124 employees on staff. [13] In 2024, its revenue was reported at more than $71 million. [14] [15]

Activities

Various Cato Institute programs were favorably ranked in a survey on think tanks published by the University of Pennsylvania in 2012. [6]

Publications

The Cato Institute publishes policy studies, briefing papers, periodicals, and books. Journals and periodicals include Cato Journal [16] [17] [18] (since 1981), Regulation magazine (acquired in 1990), [19] [20] [21] Cato's Letter, [22] Cato Supreme Court Review, [23] Cato Policy Report, [24] Cato published Inquiry Magazine from 1977 to 1982 (before transferring it to the Libertarian Review Foundation) [25] Literature of Liberty (from 1978 to 1979 before transferring it to the Institute for Humane Studies, which ended its publication in 1982). [26]

Cato also co-publishes the annual Human Freedom Index [27] with the Fraser Institute, and is the co-publisher with Fraser of the U.S. edition of the Economic Freedom of the World annual report. [28]

Books published by the Cato Institute

  • Social Security: The Inherent Contradiction (Peter J. Ferrara, 1980, Cato's first book and the first case for privatization)
  • Kindly Inquisitors: The New Attacks on Free Thought (Jonathan Rauch, 1993, a Cato co-pub with University of Chicago Press)
  • Patient Power: Solving America's Health Care Crisis (John C. Goodman and Gerald L. Musgrave, 1994)
  • Cato Handbook for Congress (1995, the first in a series that eventually became the Cato Handbook for Policymakers)
  • Cato Pocket Constitution (2002)
  • In Defense of Global Capitalism (Johan Norberg, 2003)
  • The Improving State of the World: Why We're Living Longer, Healthier, More Comfortable Lives on a Cleaner Planet (Indur Goklany, 2007)
  • The Cult of the Presidency: America's Dangerous Devotion to Executive Power (Gene Healy, 2008)
  • The Beautiful Tree: A Personal Journey into How the World's Poorest People are Educating Themselves (James Tooley, 2009, winner of the Sir Antony Fisher International Memorial Award)
  • The Tyranny of Silence (Flemming Rose, 2014)
  • The Conscience of the Constitution: The Declaration of Independence and the Right to Liberty (Timothy Sandefur, 2013)
  • The Fire Next Door: Mexico's Drug Violence and the Danger to America (Ted Galen Carpenter, 2016)
  • Overcharged: Why Americans Pay Too Much for Health Care (Charles Silver and David A. Hyman, 2018)
  • Ten Global Trends Every Smart Person Should Know (Marian Tupy and Ronald Bailey, 2020)
  • School Choice Myths: Setting the Record Straight on Education Freedom (Neal McCluskey and Corey A. DeAngelis, 2020)
  • Economics in One Virus (Ryan Bourne, 2021)
  • The Most Common Arguments against Immigration and Why They’re Wrong (Alex Nowrasteh, 2021)
  • Eyes to the Sky: Privacy and Commerce in the Age of the Drone (Matthew Feeney, 2021)
  • Why, as a Muslim, I Defend Liberty (Mustafa Akyol, 2021)

Other notable books by Cato scholars

Podcasts

Web projects

In addition to maintaining its own website in English and Spanish, [34] Cato maintains websites focused on particular topics:

Conferences

The Cato Institute hosts conferences throughout the year. Topics include monetary policy, the U.S. Constitution, poverty and social welfare, technology and privacy, financial regulation, and civic culture. [41]

Speakers at past Cato Institute conferences have included Federal Reserve Chairmen Alan Greenspan [42] and Ben Bernanke, [43] Federal Reserve Vice Chairman Richard Clarida, [44] International Monetary Fund Managing Director Rodrigo de Rato, [45] [46] [47] [48] Czech Republic President Václav Klaus, [49] and Avanti Financial Group Founder and CEO Caitlin Long. [50]

Ideological relationships

Libertarianism and classical liberalism

Many Cato scholars have advocated support for civil liberties, liberal immigration policies, [51] drug liberalization, [52] and the repeal of Don't Ask Don't Tell and laws restricting consensual sexual activity. [53] [54] The Cato Institute officially resists being labeled as part of the conservative movement because "'conservative' smacks of an unwillingness to change, of a desire to preserve the status quo". [55]

Cato has strong ties to the political philosophy of classical liberalism. [56] [57] [58] According to executive vice president David Boaz, libertarians are classical liberals who strongly emphasize the individual right to liberty. He argues that, as the term "liberalism" became increasingly associated with government intervention in the economy and social welfare programs, some classical liberals abandoned the old term and began to call themselves “libertarians”. [59] Officially, Cato admits that the term “classical liberal” comes close to the mark of labeling its position, but fails to capture the contemporary vibrancy of the ideas of freedom. According to Cato's mission statement, the Jeffersonian philosophy that animates Cato's work has increasingly come to be called 'libertarianism' or 'market liberalism.' It combines an appreciation for entrepreneurship, the market process, and lower taxes with strict respect for civil liberties and skepticism about the benefits of both the welfare state and foreign military adventurism. [60] [61]

In 2006, Markos Moulitsas of the Daily Kos proposed the term "Libertarian Democrat" to describe his particular liberal position, suggesting that libertarians should be allies of the Democratic Party. Replying, Cato's vice president for research Brink Lindsey agreed that libertarians and liberals should view each other as natural ideological allies, [62] and noted continuing differences between mainstream liberal views on economic policy and Cato's "Jeffersonian philosophy".

Some Cato scholars disagree with conservatives on neo-conservative foreign policy, albeit that this has not always been uniform. [63] [ failed verification ]

Objectivism

John A. Allison IV, former president of the Cato Institute from 2012 to 2015, speaking at the 2014 International Students for Liberty Conference (ISFLC) John A. Allison IV of the Cato Institute.jpg
John A. Allison IV, former president of the Cato Institute from 2012 to 2015, speaking at the 2014 International Students for Liberty Conference (ISFLC)

The relationship between Cato and the Ayn Rand Institute (ARI) improved with the nomination of Cato's new president John A. Allison IV in 2012. He is a former ARI board member and is reported to be an "ardent devotee" of Rand who has promoted reading her books to colleges nationwide. [64] In March 2015, Allison retired as president, remaining on the board, and was succeeded by Peter Goettler. [65]

Positions

The Cato Institute advocates policies that advance "individual liberty, limited government, free markets, and peace". They are libertarian in their policy positions, typically advocating diminished government intervention in domestic, social, and economic policies and decreased military and political intervention worldwide. Cato was cited by columnist Ezra Klein as nonpartisan, saying that it is "the foremost advocate for small-government principles in American life" and it "advocates those principles when Democrats are in power, and when Republicans are in power"; [66] and Eric Lichtblau called Cato "one of the country's most widely cited research organizations." [67] Nina Eastman reported in 1995 that "on any given day, House Majority Whip Tom DeLay of Texas might be visiting for lunch. Or Cato staffers might be plotting strategy with House Majority Leader Dick Armey, another Texan, and his staff." [68]

Defense and foreign policy

Cato's non-interventionist foreign policy views, and strong support for civil liberties, have frequently led Cato scholars to criticize those in power, both Republican and Democratic. Cato scholars opposed President George H. W. Bush's 1991 Gulf War operations (a position which caused the organization to lose nearly $1 million in funding), [69] : 454  President Bill Clinton's interventions in Haiti and Kosovo, President George W. Bush's 2003 invasion of Iraq, and President Barack Obama's 2011 military intervention in Libya. [70] As a response to the September 11 attacks, Cato scholars supported the removal of al Qaeda and the Taliban regime from power, but are against an indefinite and open-ended military occupation of Afghanistan. [71] Cato scholars criticized U.S. involvement in Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen. [70]

Ted Galen Carpenter, Cato's vice president for defense and foreign policy studies, criticized many of the arguments offered to justify the 2003 invasion of Iraq. One of the war's earliest critics, Carpenter wrote in January 2002: "Ousting Saddam would make Washington responsible for Iraq's political future and entangle the United States in an endless nation-building mission beset by intractable problems." [72] Carpenter also predicted: "Most notably there is the issue posed by two persistent regional secession movements: the Kurds in the north and the Shiites in the south." [72] But in 2002 Carpenter wrote, "the United States should not shrink from confronting al-Qaeda in its Pakistani lair," [73] a position echoed in the institute's policy recommendations for the 108th Congress. [74] Cato's director of foreign policy studies, Christopher Preble, argues in The Power Problem: How American Military Dominance Makes Us Less Safe, Less Prosperous, and Less Free, that America's position as an unrivaled superpower tempts policymakers to constantly overreach and to redefine ever more broadly the "national interest". [75]

Christopher Preble has said that the "scare campaign" to protect military spending from cuts under the Budget Control Act of 2011 has backfired. [76]

Cato's foreign and defense policies are guided by the view that the United States is relatively secure and so should engage the world, trade freely, and work with other countries on common concerns—but avoid trying to dominate it militarily. As a result, Cato advocates the United States should be an example of democracy and human rights, not their armed vindicator abroad, claiming it has a rich history, from George Washington to Cold War realists like George Kennan. Cato scholars aim to restore this view, with a principled and restrained foreign policy recommendation, to keep the nation out of most foreign conflicts and be cheaper, more ethical, and less destructive of civil liberties. [77] [ third-party source needed ]

Domestic policies

Cato scholars have consistently called for the privatization of many government services and institutions, [78] including NASA, [79] Social Security, [80] the United States Postal Service, [81] the Transportation Security Administration, [82] public schooling, public transportation systems, [83] [84] and public broadcasting. [85] The institute opposes minimum wage laws, saying that they violate the freedom of contract and thus private property rights, and increase unemployment. [86] [87]

The institute is opposed to expanding overtime regulations, arguing that it will benefit some employees in the short term, while costing jobs or lowering wages of others, and have no meaningful long-term impact. [88] [89] It opposes child labor prohibitions, [90] [91] [92] opposes public sector unions, and supports right-to-work laws. [93] [94] It opposes universal health care, arguing that it is harmful to patients and an intrusion onto individual liberty. [95] [96] It is against affirmative action. [97] It has also called for total abolition of the welfare state, and has argued that it should be replaced with reduced business regulations to create more jobs, and argues that private charities are fully capable of replacing it. [98] [99] Cato has also opposed antitrust laws. [100] [101]

Cato is an opponent of campaign finance reform, arguing that government is the ultimate form of potential corruption and that such laws undermine democracy by undermining competitive elections. Cato also supports the repeal of the Federal Election Campaign Act. [102] [103]

Cato is a fierce foe of the war on drugs, arguing that consenting adults have the right to put any substance they wish to in their bodies and that drug prohibition drives mass incarceration while fueling violent competition between gangs and failing to prevent drug abuse. [104]

Cato has published numerous studies criticizing what it calls "corporate welfare", the practice of public officials funneling taxpayer money, usually via targeted budgetary spending, to politically connected corporate interests. [105] [106] [107] [108]

Cato has published strong criticisms of the 1998 settlement which many U.S. states signed with the tobacco industry. [109]

Cato president Ed Crane and Sierra Club executive director Carl Pope co-wrote a 2002 op-ed piece in The Washington Post calling for the abandonment of the Republican energy bill, arguing that it had become little more than a gravy train for Washington, D.C., lobbyists. [110] Again in 2005, Cato scholar Jerry Taylor teamed up with Daniel Becker of the Sierra Club to attack the Republican Energy Bill as a give-away to corporate interests. [111]

In 2003, Cato filed an amicus brief in support of the Supreme Court's decision in Lawrence v. Texas , which struck down the remaining state laws that made private, non-commercial homosexual relations between consenting adults illegal. Cato cited the 14th Amendment, among other things, as the source of their support for the ruling. The amicus brief was cited in Justice Kennedy's majority opinion for the Court. [112]

In 2004, Cato scholar Daniel Griswold wrote in support of President George W. Bush's failed proposal to grant temporary work visas to otherwise undocumented laborers which would have granted limited residency for the purpose of employment in the U.S. [113]

In 2004, the institute published a paper arguing in favor of "drug reimportation". [114]

In 2006, the Cato Institute published a study proposing a Balanced Budget Veto Amendment to the United States Constitution. [115]

In 2006, Cato published a Policy Analysis criticising the Federal Marriage Amendment as unnecessary, anti-federalist, and anti-democratic. [116] The amendment would have changed the United States Constitution to prohibit same-sex marriage; the amendment failed in both houses of Congress.

A 2006 Cato report by Radley Balko strongly criticized U.S. drug policy and the perceived growing militarization of U.S. law enforcement. [117]

A 2006 study criticized the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. [118]

Cato supports same-sex marriage and filed an amicus brief in the case of Obergefell v. Hodges supporting a constitutional right to same-sex marriage. [119]

Cato does not formally oppose capital punishment but has frequently criticized the practice. [120] [121]

Environmental policy

Cato scholars have written about the issues of the environment, including global warming, environmental regulation, and energy policy. According to social scientists Riley Dunlap and Aaron McCright the Cato Institute is one of the "particularly crucial elements of the denial machine", that rejects global warming. [122]

PolitiFact.com and Scientific American have called Cato's work on global warming "false" and based on "data selection". [123] [124] A December 2003 Cato panel included Patrick Michaels, Robert Balling and John Christy.[ citation needed ] Michaels, Balling and Christy agreed that global warming is related at least some degree to human activity but that many scientists and the media have overstated the danger. [125] [ citation needed ] The Cato Institute has also criticized political attempts to stop global warming as expensive and ineffective. [126]

Cato scholars have been critical of the Bush administration's views on energy policy. In 2003, Cato scholars Jerry Taylor and Peter Van Doren said the Republican Energy Bill was "hundreds of pages of corporate welfare, symbolic gestures, empty promises, and pork-barrel projects". [127] They also spoke out against the former president's calls for larger ethanol subsidies. [128]

With regard to the "Takings Clause" of the United States Constitution and environmental protection, libertarians associated with Cato contended in 2003 that the Constitution is not adequate to guarantee the protection of private property rights. [129]

In 2019, Cato closed its "Center for the Study of Science", which E&E News characterized as "a program that for years sought to raise uncertainty about climate science" after its head Pat Michaels had left the institute over disagreements, along with his collaborator Ryan Maue, a meteorologist. [130] By that time, the Cato Institute was also no longer affiliated with its former distinguished fellow Richard Lindzen, another denier of the scientific consensus on climate change. [130]

Global freedom

Cato's scholars seek to advance policies and support institutions in developing and developed countries that protect human rights and extend the range of personal choices. In particular, Cato's research explores the central role that freedom in its various dimensions—economic, civil, and personal—plays in human progress and in solving some of the world's most pressing problems, including global poverty. To this end Cato co-publishes the annual Human Freedom Index (2015–) [27] with the Fraser Institute and is the co-publisher with Fraser of the U.S. edition of the Economic Freedom of the World annual report (1996–). [28]

Immigration

Cato argues that most Americans are immigrants or descended from immigrants who sought opportunity and freedom on American shores, and they believe that this continues today with immigrants continuing to become Americans, making the United States a wealthier, freer, and safer country. Cato's research indicates that the current US immigration system excludes the most peaceful and healthy immigrants, and urges policymakers to expand and deregulate legal immigration. [131] Further, Cato supports open borders. [132]

Presidential administrations

Cato scholars were critical of George W. Bush's Republican administration (2001–2009) on several issues, including education, [133] and excessive government spending. [134] On other issues, they supported Bush administration initiatives, most notably health care, [135] Social Security, [136] [137] global warming, [126] tax policy, [138] and immigration. [113] [139] [140] [141]

During the 2008 U.S. presidential election, Cato scholars criticized both major-party candidates, John McCain and Barack Obama. [142] [143]

Cato has criticized President Obama's stances on policy issues such as fiscal stimulus, [144] healthcare reform, [145] foreign policy, [146] and drug-related matters, [52] while supporting his stance on the repeal of Don't Ask, Don't Tell [54] and the DREAM Act. [51]

Cato opposed Executive Order 13769, which was enacted in January 2017, which decreased the number of refugees admitted into the United States and suspended entry to individuals whose countries do not meet adjudication standards under U.S. immigration law. [147]

Trade policy

Cato advocates that policymakers must be constantly reminded of the benefits of free trade and the costs of protectionism, arguing free trade is the extension of free markets across political borders. It promotes the idea that enlarging markets to integrate more buyers, sellers, investors, and workers enables more refined specialization and economies of scale, which produce more wealth and higher living standards, and argues that Protectionism does the opposite. Cato's policy recommendations focus on congress and the administration pursuing policies that expand the freedom of Americans to participate in the international marketplace. [148]

Funding, tax status, and corporate structure

The Cato Institute is classified as a 501(c)(3) organization under the U.S. Internal Revenue Code. For revenue, the institute is largely dependent on private contributions and does not receive government funding. [149] The Cato Institute reported the fiscal year 2015 revenue of $37.3 million and expenses of $29.4 million. [150] According to the organization's annual report, $32.1 million came from individual donors, $2.9 million came from foundations, $1.2 million came from program revenue and other income, and $1 million came from corporations. [150]

Sponsors of Cato have included FedEx, Google, CME Group and Whole Foods Market. [151] The Nation reported support for Cato from the tobacco industry in a 2012 story. [152]

Funding details

Net assets as of FYE March 2020: $81,391,000.

Shareholder dispute and departure of Ed Crane

In 2011, there were four shareholders of the Cato Institute: Charles and David Koch, Ed Crane, [153] and William A. Niskanen. Niskanen died in October 2011. [154] In March 2012, a dispute broke out over the ownership of Niskanen's shares. [153] [154] Charles and David Koch filed suit in Kansas, seeking to void his shareholder seat. The Kochs argued that Niskanen's shares should first be offered to the board of the institute, and then to the remaining shareholders, [155] while Crane contended that Niskanen's shares belonged to his widow, Kathryn Washburn, and that the move by the Kochs was an attempt to turn Cato into "some sort of auxiliary for the G.O.P ... It's detrimental to Cato, it's detrimental to Koch Industries, it's detrimental to the libertarian movement." [67] Those who supported Cato's existing management rallied around the "Save Cato" banner, [156] while those who supported the Koch brothers, called "For a Better Cato". [157]

In June 2012, Cato announced an agreement in principle to settle the dispute by changing the institute's governing structure. Under the agreement, a board replaced the shareholders and Crane, who at the time was also chief executive officer, retired. Former BB&T bank CEO John A. Allison IV replaced him. [158] [159] The Koch brothers agreed to drop two lawsuits. [160]

In 2018, several former Cato employees alleged longtime sexual harassment by Crane, going back to the 1990s and continuing until his departure in 2012. Politico reported that he settled one such claim in 2012. Crane denied the allegations. [161]

Prizes

Recipients of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences at Cato

The following recipients of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences have worked with Cato: [162]

Milton Friedman Prize

Since 2002, the Cato Institute has awarded the Milton Friedman Prize for Advancing Liberty every two years to "an individual who has made a significant contribution to advancing human freedom." [164] The prize comes with a cash award of US$250,000. [165]

Friedman Prize winners
YearRecipientNationality
2002 Peter Thomas Bauer [166] Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  British
2004 Hernando de Soto Polar [167] Flag of Peru.svg  Peruvian
2006 Mart Laar [168] Flag of Estonia.svg  Estonian
2008 Yon Goicoechea [169] Flag of Venezuela.svg  Venezuelan
2010 Akbar Ganji [170] Flag of Iran.svg  Iranian
2012 Mao Yushi [171] Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  Chinese
2014 Leszek Balcerowicz [172] Flag of Poland.svg  Polish
2016 Flemming Rose [173] Flag of Denmark.svg  Danish
2018 Ladies in White [174] Flag of Cuba.svg  Cuban
2021 Innocence Project [175] Flag of the United States.svg  USA

Board of directors

As of 2020: [2]

Notable Cato scholars

Notable scholars associated with Cato include the following: [176]

Policy scholars

Adjunct scholars

Fellows

Affiliations

The Cato Institute is an associate member of the State Policy Network, a U.S. national network of free-market oriented think tanks. [177] [178]

Rankings

According to the 2020 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report (Think Tanks and Civil Societies Program, University of Pennsylvania), Cato is number 27 in the "Top Think Tanks Worldwide" and number 13 in the "Top Think Tanks in the United States". [6] Other "Top Think Tank" rankings include # 13 (of 85) in Defense and National Security, #5 (of 80) in Domestic Economic Policy, #4 (of 55) in Education Policy, #17 (of 85) in Foreign Policy and International Affairs, #8 (of 30) in Domestic Health Policy, #14 (of 25) in Global Health Policy, #18 (of 80) in International Development, #14 (of 50) in International Economic Policy, #8 (of 50) in Social Policy, #8 (of 75) for Best Advocacy Campaign, #17 (of 60) for Best Think Tank Network, #3 (of 60) for best Use of Social Networks, #9 (of 50) for Best External Relations/Public Engagement Program, #2 (of 40) for Best Use of the Internet, #12 (of 40) for Best Use of Media, #5 (of 30) for Most Innovative Policy Ideas/Proposals, #11 (of 70) for the Most Significant Impact on Public Policy, and #9 (of 60) for Outstanding Policy-Oriented Public Programs. Cato also topped the 2014 list of the budget-adjusted ranking of international development think tanks. [179]

See also

Explanatory notes

  1. ↑ Koch Industries is the second largest privately held company by revenue in the United States. "Forbes List". Forbes. Archived from the original on November 7, 2010. Retrieved November 13, 2011.

Related Research Articles

The Ludwig von Mises Institute for Austrian Economics, or Mises Institute, is a nonprofit think tank headquartered in Auburn, Alabama, that is a center for Austrian economics, right-wing libertarian thought and the paleolibertarian and anarcho-capitalist movements in the United States. It is named after the economist Ludwig von Mises (1881–1973) and promotes the Misesian version of heterodox Austrian economics.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fraser Institute</span> Canadian public policy think tank

The Fraser Institute is a libertarian-conservative Canadian public policy think tank and registered charity. It is headquartered in Vancouver, with additional offices in Calgary, Toronto, and Montreal. It has links to think tanks worldwide through the Economic Freedom Network and is a member of the free-market Atlas Network.

The Mont Pelerin Society (MPS), founded in 1947, is an international academic society of economists, political philosophers, and other intellectuals who share a neoliberal or classical liberal outlook. It is headquartered at Texas Tech University in Lubbock, Texas. The society advocates freedom of expression, free market economic policies, and an open society. Further, the society seeks to discover ways in which the private sector can replace many functions currently provided by government entities.

The Institute for Humane Studies (IHS) is a non-profit organization that promotes the teaching and research of classical liberalism in higher education in the United States. IHS offers funding opportunities, programs, and events for faculty and graduate students seeking careers in academia as well as various fellowships.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">David Boaz</span> American libertarian author and editor (1953–2024)

David Douglas Boaz was an American author, philosopher and editor. He was a distinguished senior fellow and the executive vice president of the Cato Institute, an American libertarian think tank.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tom G. Palmer</span> American writer (born 1956)

Thomas Gordon Palmer is an American libertarian author and theorist, a Senior Fellow at the Cato Institute and Vice President for International Programs at the Atlas Network.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Foundation for Economic Education</span> Libertarian education organization

The Foundation for Economic Education (FEE) is an American conservative, libertarian economic think tank. Founded in 1946 in New York City, FEE is now headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia. It is a member of the State Policy Network.

Edward Harrison Crane is an American libertarian and co-founder of the Cato Institute. He served as its president until October 1, 2012.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Objectivism and libertarianism</span> Philosophical interactions

Ayn Rand's philosophy of Objectivism has been, and continues to be, a major influence on the right-libertarian movement, particularly libertarianism in the United States. Many right-libertarians justify their political views using aspects of Objectivism.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Atlas Network</span> Free market American think tank support group

Atlas Network, formerly known as Atlas Economic Research Foundation, is a non-governmental 501(c)(3) organization based in the United States that provides training, networking, and grants for libertarian, free-market, and conservative groups around the world.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Libertarianism in the United States</span> Origin, history and development of libertarianism in the United States

In the United States, libertarianism is a political philosophy promoting individual liberty. According to common meanings of conservatism and liberalism in the United States, libertarianism has been described as conservative on economic issues and liberal on personal freedom, often associated with a foreign policy of non-interventionism. Broadly, there are four principal traditions within libertarianism, namely the libertarianism that developed in the mid-20th century out of the revival tradition of classical liberalism in the United States after liberalism associated with the New Deal; the libertarianism developed in the 1950s by anarcho-capitalist author Murray Rothbard, who based it on the anti-New Deal Old Right and 19th-century libertarianism and American individualist anarchists such as Benjamin Tucker and Lysander Spooner while rejecting the labor theory of value in favor of Austrian School economics and the subjective theory of value; the libertarianism developed in the 1970s by Robert Nozick and founded in American and European classical liberal traditions; and the libertarianism associated with the Libertarian Party, which was founded in 1971, including politicians such as David Nolan and Ron Paul.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">William A. Niskanen</span> American economist (1933–2011)

William Arthur Niskanen was an American economist. He was one of the architects of President Ronald Reagan's economic program and contributed to public choice theory. He was also a long-time chairman of the Cato Institute, a libertarian think-tank.

The Koch family is an American family engaged in business, best known for their political activities and their control of Koch Industries, the 2nd largest privately owned company in the United States. The family business was started by Fred C. Koch, who developed a new cracking method for the refinement of heavy crude oil into gasoline. Fred's four sons litigated against each other over their interests in the business during the 1980s and 1990s.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">State Policy Network</span> US civil policy advocacy organization

The State Policy Network (SPN) is a nonprofit organization that serves as a network for conservative and libertarian think tanks focusing on state-level policy in the United States. The network serves as a public policy clearinghouse and advises its member think tanks on fundraising, running a nonprofit, and communicating ideas. Founded in 1992, it is headquartered in Arlington, Virginia, with member groups located in all fifty states.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Koch network</span> Charles G. and David H. Koch and their activities in US politics

Charles G. and David H. Koch (1940–2019), sometimes referred to as the Koch brothers, have become famous for their financial and political influence in United States politics with a libertarian, more specifically, right-libertarian or American-style libertarian political stance. From around 2004 to 2019, with "foresight and perseverance", the brothers organized like-minded wealthy libertarian-oriented conservatives, spent hundreds of millions of dollars of their own money to build an "integrated" and "stealth" network of think tanks, foundations, "grassroots" movements, academic programs, advocacy and legal groups to "destroy the prevalent statist paradigm" and reshape public opinion to favor minimal government. As of mid 2018, the media has been encouraged to refer to the "Koch network" rather than the "Koch brothers".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Charles Koch</span> American billionaire and businessman

Charles de Ganahl Koch is an American billionaire businessman. As of February 2024, he was ranked as the 23rd richest man in the world on the Bloomberg Billionaires Index, with an estimated net worth of $64.9 billion. Koch has been co-owner, chairman, and chief executive officer of Koch Industries since 1967, while his late brother David Koch served as executive vice president. Charles and David each owned 42% of the conglomerate. The brothers inherited the business from their father, Fred C. Koch, then expanded the business. Koch Industries is the largest privately held company by revenue in the United States, according to Forbes.

Donors Trust is an American nonprofit donor-advised fund. It was founded in 1999 with the goal of "safeguarding the intent of libertarian and conservative donors". As a donor advised fund, Donors Trust is not legally required to disclose the identity of its donors, and most of its donors remain anonymous. It distributes funds to various conservative and libertarian organizations, and has been characterized as the "dark money ATM" of the political right.

Kevin Gentry is a conservative political activist and fundraiser who serves as vice president of the Charles G. Koch Charitable Foundation. A top aide to Charles Koch and David H. Koch, Gentry serves as vice president of special projects at Koch Industries.

The Niskanen Center is an American think tank based in Washington, D.C. that advocates environmentalism, immigration reform, civil liberties, and strengthening social insurance around market-oriented principles. Named after William A. Niskanen, an economic adviser to Ronald Reagan, it states that its "main audience is Washington insiders", and characterizes itself as moderate. The organization has been credited with fostering bipartisan dialogue and promoting pragmatic solutions to contemporary political challenges on issues such as family benefits, climate change, and criminal justice reform.

The Quincy Institute for Responsible Statecraft is an American think tank specializing in US foreign policy. Founded in 2019, the Quincy Institute has been described as advocating realism and restraint in foreign policy. The organization is located in Washington, D.C. and is named after former president John Quincy Adams.

References

  1. 1 2 "The Cato Institute 40 Years Anniversary Timeline" . Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  2. 1 2 3 "Board of Directors". Cato Institute. Archived from the original on June 22, 2020. Retrieved February 5, 2020.
  3. 1 2 3 4 "Fiscal year 2020 financial results" (PDF). Cato Institute. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 18, 2021. Retrieved May 25, 2021.
  4. ↑ "25 years at the Cato Institute: The 2001 Annual Report" (PDF). OCLC   52255585. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 8, 2007. Retrieved August 19, 2013.
  5. ↑ Cobane, Craig T. (2005). "Think Tanks". Americans at War. Gale. Archived from the original on March 29, 2015. Retrieved August 18, 2013.
  6. 1 2 3 James G. McGann (Director) (January 28, 2021). "2020 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report" . Retrieved February 16, 2024.
  7. ↑ The essays, named after Cato the Younger, the defender of republican institutions in Rome, expounded on the political views of philosopher John Locke, that had a strong influence on the American Revolution's intellectual environment. See: Mitchell, Annie (July 2004). "A Liberal Republican "Cato"". American Journal of Political Science. 48 (3): 588–603. doi:10.1111/j.0092-5853.2004.00089.x.
  8. ↑ Rossiter, Clinton (1953). Seedtime of the Republic: the origin of the American tradition of political liberty . New York: Harcourt, Brace. pp.  141. No one can spend any time the newspapers, library inventories, and pamphlets of colonial America without realizing that Cato's Letters rather than John Locke's Civil Government was the most popular, quotable, esteemed source for political ideas in the colonial period.
  9. ↑ "The Kochtopus vs. Murray N. Rothbard by David Gordon". March 5, 2012. Archived from the original on March 5, 2012.
  10. ↑ "About The Cato Institute". The Washington Post.
  11. ↑ "The Think Tanks and Civil Societies Program 2009" (PDF). University of Pennsylvania. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 7, 2011. Retrieved November 20, 2010.
  12. ↑ Bennett, Laurie. "The Kochs Aren't the Only Funders of Cato". Forbes. Retrieved July 23, 2024.
  13. ↑ "Rise of the Cato Institute". Philanthropy Roundtable. Retrieved October 30, 2024.
  14. ↑ Roberts, Andrea Suozzo, Alec Glassford, Ash Ngu, Brandon (May 9, 2013). "Cato Institute - Nonprofit Explorer". ProPublica. Retrieved October 30, 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  15. ↑ "Fiscal Year 2024 Financial Results". www.cato.org. Retrieved October 30, 2024.
  16. ↑ ISSN   0273-3072
  17. ↑ "Academic Search Complete" (PDF). EBSCO. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 10, 2019. Retrieved February 5, 2020.
  18. ↑ ProQuest Database: ProQuest 5000 International Archived November 26, 2009, at the Wayback Machine , ProQuest
  19. ↑ ISSN   0147-0590
  20. ↑ "Business Source Complete" (PDF). EBSCO. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 10, 2019. Retrieved February 5, 2020.
  21. ↑ ProQuest Database: ProQuest 5000 International Archived November 26, 2009, at the Wayback Machine , ProQuest
  22. ↑ OCLC   464445035 , 51687065
  23. ↑ ISSN   1936-0398
  24. ↑ ISSN   0743-605X
  25. ↑ ISSN   0148-5008; OCLC   3456688
  26. ↑ ISSN   0161-7303; OCLC   4007467
  27. 1 2 "Human Freedom Index". cato.org. Archived from the original on June 24, 2021. Retrieved June 24, 2021.
  28. 1 2 "Economic Freedom of the World". cato.org. Archived from the original on June 24, 2021. Retrieved June 24, 2021.
  29. ↑ "Multimedia: Cato Daily Podcast". cato.org. Archived from the original on March 29, 2016. Retrieved June 24, 2021.
  30. ↑ "Multimedia: Power Problems". cato.org. Archived from the original on June 24, 2021. Retrieved June 24, 2021.
  31. ↑ "Multimedia: Cato Events". cato.org. Archived from the original on June 7, 2021. Retrieved June 24, 2021.
  32. ↑ "Multimedia: Cato Audio". cato.org. Archived from the original on June 24, 2021. Retrieved June 24, 2021.
  33. ↑ "Multimedia: Cato Out Loud". cato.org. Archived from the original on June 24, 2021. Retrieved June 24, 2021.
  34. ↑ "elcato.org". elcato.org. Archived from the original on May 21, 2020. Retrieved May 20, 2020.
  35. ↑ "Downsizing the Federal Government". downsizinggovernment.org. Archived from the original on January 5, 2020. Retrieved December 16, 2010.
  36. ↑ "Homepage of the Libertarianism". Libertarianism. Archived from the original on May 2, 2020. Retrieved May 25, 2021.
  37. ↑ "PoliceMisconduct.net – The Cato Institute's National Police Misconduct Reporting Project". policemisconduct.net. Archived from the original on August 14, 2018. Retrieved April 28, 2013.
  38. ↑ "Public Schooling Battle Map". cato.org. Archived from the original on September 4, 2019. Retrieved July 31, 2017.
  39. ↑ "Unlawful Shield – A Cato Institute Website Dedicated to Abolishing Qualified Immunity". www.unlawfulshield.com. Archived from the original on October 1, 2019. Retrieved September 30, 2019.
  40. ↑ "How free is your state?". www.freedominthe50states.org. Archived from the original on January 12, 2020. Retrieved September 30, 2019.
  41. ↑ Cato Institute. "Events". Archived from the original on February 28, 2021. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
  42. ↑ "21st Annual Monetary Conference: The Future of the Euro". Cato Institute. November 20, 2003. Archived from the original on January 19, 2021. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
  43. ↑ "25th Annual Monetary Conference: Monetary Arrangements in the 21st Century". Cato Institute. November 14, 2007. Archived from the original on December 25, 2020. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
  44. ↑ "37th Annual Monetary Conference - Fed Policy: A Shadow Review". Cato Institute. November 14, 2019. Archived from the original on February 23, 2021. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
  45. ↑ Bleier, Karen (October 27, 2008). "International Monetary Fund (IMF) Managing Director Rodrigo de Rato". Getty Images. Archived from the original on June 10, 2014. Retrieved August 18, 2013. file photo taken on November 30, 2006
  46. ↑ Wilson, Mark (November 20, 2003). "Alan Greenspan Speaks About Euro in Washington". Getty Images. Archived from the original on June 10, 2014. Retrieved August 18, 2013.
  47. ↑ Jones, Caleb. "Bernanke". AP Images. Archived from the original on June 10, 2014. Retrieved August 18, 2013. Federal Reserve Board Chairman Ben Bernanke speaks at the Cato Institute's annual Monetary Conference ...
  48. ↑ "Latin America: Between Populism and Modernity". Cato Institute. November 30, 2006. Archived from the original on December 25, 2020. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
  49. ↑ "President of the Czech Republic Václav Klaus Delivers Remarks at the Cato Institute". Federal Document Clearing House, Inc. Washington Transcript Service. September 19, 2009. Archived from the original on June 10, 2014. Retrieved August 18, 2013.
  50. ↑ "38th Annual Monetary Conference - Digital Currency: Risk or Promise?". Cato Institute. November 19, 2020. Archived from the original on January 18, 2021. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
  51. 1 2 Shapiro, Ilya (June 19, 2012). "One Cheer for Obama's New Immigration Policy". Cato@Liberty. Archived from the original on June 20, 2012. Retrieved July 12, 2012.
  52. 1 2 Hidalgo, Juan Carlos (November 7, 2011). "Barack Obama: The Enthusiastic Drug Warrior". Archived from the original on June 23, 2012. Retrieved July 5, 2012.
  53. ↑ Pilon, Roger. "Government Shouldn't Police Morals – or Sexual Practices". Cato Institute. Archived from the original on January 4, 2011. Retrieved November 20, 2010.
  54. 1 2 Preble, Christopher (March 25, 2010). "Obama Right on "Don't Ask, Don't Tell"". Cato@Liberty. Archived from the original on July 10, 2011. Retrieved July 12, 2012.
  55. ↑ "Cato's Mission". Cato Institute. Archived from the original on December 22, 2017. Retrieved February 5, 2020.
  56. ↑ "A New Intellectual History of Classical Liberalism". Cato Institute. Archived from the original on June 12, 2021. Retrieved March 12, 2021.
  57. ↑ "Saving the Soul of Classical Liberalism". Cato Institute. Archived from the original on June 12, 2021. Retrieved March 12, 2021.
  58. ↑ "Home Study Course". Cato Institute. Archived from the original on March 9, 2021. Retrieved March 12, 2021.
  59. ↑ "Definition of Libertarianism". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on March 5, 2021. Retrieved March 12, 2021.
  60. ↑ "Cato's Mission". Cato Institute. Archived from the original on December 22, 2017. Retrieved March 12, 2021.
  61. ↑ "Cato on "How to Label Cato"". The Cato Institute. Cato Institute. Archived from the original on August 22, 2007. Retrieved February 29, 2008.
  62. ↑ "Brink Lindsey". Cato Institute. Archived from the original on February 6, 2020. Retrieved February 6, 2020.
  63. ↑ Lindsey, Brink (January 2003). "Should We Invade Iraq?". Reason Magazine (January 2003). Reason Magazine. Archived from the original on April 7, 2019. Retrieved July 5, 2012.
  64. ↑ Mayer, Jane. "The Kochs v. Cato: Winners and Losers". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on August 15, 2019. Retrieved February 6, 2020.
  65. ↑ "Peter Goettler named new head of libertarian think tank Cato Institute". washingtonexaminer.com. March 30, 2015. Archived from the original on October 22, 2017. Retrieved February 17, 2016.
  66. ↑ Klein, Ezra (March 7, 2012). "Why Do the Kochs Want to Kill the Cato Institute?". Bloomberg L.P. Archived from the original on July 10, 2012. Retrieved July 12, 2012.
  67. 1 2 Lichtblau, Eric (March 6, 2012). "Cato Institute Is Caught in a Rift Over Its Direction". The New York Times . Archived from the original on August 19, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2012.
  68. ↑ Easton, Nina J. (July 9, 1995). "Making America Work : RED WHITE AND SMALL : Ed Crane's Cato Institute Is a Think Tank That Believes the Country Would Work Better if There Was Less Government". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on March 10, 2020. Retrieved November 9, 2017.
  69. ↑ Doherty, Brian (2007). Radicals for Capitalism: A Freewheeling History of the Modern American Libertarian Movement. New York: PublicAffairs. p. 741. ISBN   978-1-58648-350-0. OCLC   76141517.
  70. 1 2 Bandow, Doug (August 12, 2015). "GOP's Foreign Policy Goes from Bad to Ugly as Marco Rubio Pushes Intervention for Fun and Profit". Cato Institute. Archived from the original on November 7, 2017. Retrieved February 6, 2020.
  71. ↑ Malou Innocent and Ted Galen Carpenter (September 14, 2009). "Escaping the 'Graveyard of Empires': A Strategy to Exit Afghanistan". Cato Institute. Archived from the original on November 22, 2010. Retrieved November 20, 2010.
  72. 1 2 Carpenter, Ted Galen. "Overthrow Saddam? Be Careful What You Wish For". Cato Institute. Archived from the original on January 14, 2012. Retrieved November 20, 2010.
  73. ↑ Carpenter, Ted Galen. "Take the War on Terrorism to Pakistan". Cato Institute. Archived from the original on June 1, 2002. Retrieved November 9, 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  74. ↑ Peña, Charles V. "Waging an Effective War" (PDF). Cato Handbook for Congress: Policy Recommendations for the 108th Congress. p. 53. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 12, 2019. Retrieved November 9, 2017.
  75. ↑ Lozada, Carlos (May 3, 2009). "The Big Idea – The Power Problem". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on November 11, 2012. Retrieved April 28, 2010.
  76. ↑ "Defense Execs Say Deeper DoD Budget Cuts, Higher Taxes OK". breakingdefense.com. December 3, 2012. Archived from the original on October 11, 2016. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  77. ↑ "Cato on Defense and Foreign Policy at a Glance". cato.org. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
  78. ↑ "Privatize Almost Everything". cato.org. April 30, 2013. Archived from the original on February 22, 2016. Retrieved February 15, 2016.
  79. ↑ "Time to Privatize NASA". cato.org. January 26, 1998. Archived from the original on November 23, 2018. Retrieved February 15, 2016.
  80. ↑ "Privatizing Social Security: A Big Boost for the Poor". cato.org. July 26, 1996. Archived from the original on November 20, 2018. Retrieved February 15, 2016.
  81. ↑ "Postal Service Privatization". cato.org. April 30, 1996. Archived from the original on February 22, 2016. Retrieved February 15, 2016.
  82. ↑ "After Another Failure, Time to Privatize TSA". cato.org. June 2, 2015. Archived from the original on November 7, 2017. Retrieved February 15, 2016.
  83. ↑ "Fixing Transit: The Case for Privatization". cato.org. November 10, 2010. Archived from the original on December 9, 2019. Retrieved February 15, 2016.
  84. ↑ "Privatize the FAA!". cato.org. April 24, 2013. Archived from the original on August 2, 2019. Retrieved February 15, 2016.
  85. ↑ "Top Ten Reasons to Privatize Public Broadcasting". cato.org. July 25, 2005. Archived from the original on November 5, 2018. Retrieved February 15, 2016.
  86. ↑ "The Minimum Wage Is Cruelest to Those Who Can't Find a Job". cato.org. July 22, 2013. Archived from the original on February 12, 2016. Retrieved February 15, 2016.
  87. ↑ William Niskanen, "House Faces the Dumbest Bill of the Year (So Far): A $2.10 Increase in the Minimum Wage" Archived October 31, 2007, at the Wayback Machine , Cato@Liberty, June 14, 2006
  88. ↑ "Overtime Regulation". cato.org. July 2, 2015. Archived from the original on March 31, 2016. Retrieved February 16, 2016.
  89. ↑ "Obama's Overtime Edict: Anything But a Free Lunch". cato.org. March 13, 2014. Archived from the original on February 23, 2016. Retrieved February 16, 2016.
  90. ↑ "A Case against Child Labor Prohibitions". cato.org. July 29, 2014. Archived from the original on February 11, 2016. Retrieved February 16, 2016.
  91. ↑ "Child Labor or Child Prostitution?". cato.org. October 8, 2002. Archived from the original on February 8, 2016. Retrieved February 16, 2016.
  92. ↑ "Bans on Child Labor". cato.org. November 18, 2013. Archived from the original on February 23, 2016. Retrieved February 16, 2016.
  93. ↑ "Labor Unions Against the Public Interest". cato.org. July 2, 2013. Archived from the original on February 22, 2016. Retrieved February 15, 2016.
  94. ↑ Vedder, Richard. "171 Right-to-Work Laws: Liberty, Prosperity, and Quality of Life" (PDF). Cato Institute. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 12, 2019. Retrieved March 9, 2019.
  95. ↑ "Universal Health Care". cato.org. Archived from the original on December 9, 2019. Retrieved February 15, 2016.
  96. ↑ "Universal Health Care Not Best Option". cato.org. February 23, 2009. Archived from the original on December 25, 2018. Retrieved February 15, 2016.
  97. ↑ Gryphon, Marie. "The Affirmative Action Myth". Cato Institute. Archived from the original on November 23, 2010. Retrieved November 20, 2010.
  98. ↑ "Welfare and Private Charity". cato.org. April 13, 2012. Archived from the original on February 22, 2016. Retrieved February 15, 2016.
  99. ↑ "The Welfare State Needs Abolition, Not "Reform"". cato.org. May 5, 2015. Archived from the original on February 22, 2016. Retrieved February 15, 2016.
  100. ↑ "The Case Against Antitrust". cato.org. November 17, 2004. Archived from the original on December 29, 2019. Retrieved May 16, 2016.
  101. ↑ "It's Time To Reexamine Antitrust Legislation". cato.org. November 13, 1997. Archived from the original on September 24, 2017. Retrieved May 16, 2016.
  102. ↑ "Why Campaign Finance Reform Never Works". cato.org. March 20, 1997. Archived from the original on October 7, 2016. Retrieved February 16, 2016.
  103. ↑ "Campaign Finance". cato.org. Archived from the original on December 10, 2018. Retrieved February 16, 2016.
  104. ↑ Burrus, Trevor. "The War on Drugs". Cato Institute. Retrieved August 28, 2024.
  105. ↑ James Bovard, "Archer Daniels Midland: A Case Study In Corporate Welfare" Archived July 11, 2007, at the Wayback Machine , Policy Analysis no. 241, September 26, 1995
  106. ↑ Moore, Stephen; Stansel, Dean (May 12, 1995). "Ending Corporate Welfare as We Know It" (PDF). Cato Institute. Archived from the original on October 23, 2016. Retrieved May 25, 2021.
  107. ↑ Slivinski, Stephen (October 10, 2001). "The Corporate Welfare Budget: Bigger Than Ever". Cato Institute. Archived from the original on May 25, 2021. Retrieved May 25, 2021.
  108. ↑ Slivinski, Stephen (May 14, 2007). "The Corporate Welfare State: How the Federal Government Subsidizes U.S. Businesses". Cato Institute. Archived from the original on May 25, 2021. Retrieved May 25, 2021.
  109. ↑ Thomas C. O'Brien, "Constitutional and Antitrust Violations of the Multistate Tobacco Settlement" Archived December 3, 2003, at the Wayback Machine , Policy Analysis no. 371, Cato Institute, May 18, 2000
  110. ↑ Pope, Carl; Crane, Ed (July 30, 2002). "Fueled by Pork". The Washington Post. p. A.17. ProQuest   409300838. Archived from the original on March 17, 2017. Retrieved August 21, 2013.(subscription required). Cato's link Archived November 16, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
  111. ↑ Taylor, Jerry; Becker, Daniel (July 30, 2005). "Energy Bill Blues". Cato Institute. Archived from the original on May 25, 2021. Retrieved May 25, 2021.
  112. ↑ "539 U.S. 558 LAWRENCE et al. v. TEXAS No. 02-102. Supreme Court of United". bulk.resource.org. Archived from the original on October 31, 2010. Retrieved November 20, 2010.
  113. 1 2 Griswold, Daniel (December 3, 2004). "Beyond the Barbed Wire: Bush won a mandate for immigration reform". Reason.com. Archived from the original on January 17, 2019. Retrieved August 21, 2013. Cato's link Archived June 9, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
  114. ↑ Pilon, Roger (August 4, 2004). "Drug Reimportation: The Free Market Solution". Cato Institute. Archived from the original on May 25, 2021. Retrieved May 25, 2021.
  115. ↑ Anthony Hawks, "The Balanced Budget Veto: A New Mechanism to Limit Federal Spending" Archived June 22, 2006, at the Wayback Machine , Policy Analysis no. 487, Cato Institute, September 4, 2003
  116. ↑ Carpenter, Dale (June 1, 2006). "The Federal Marriage Amendment: Unnecessary, Anti-Federalist, and Anti-Democratic". Cato Institute. Archived from the original on November 22, 2010. Retrieved November 20, 2010.
  117. ↑ Balko, Radley (July 17, 2006). "Overkill: The Rise of Paramilitary Police Raids in America". Cato Institute. Archived from the original on April 9, 2010. Retrieved September 28, 2006.
  118. ↑ Gigi Sohn, "A Welcome Voice on the Right" Archived May 11, 2007, at the Wayback Machine , Public Knowledge, March 21, 2006
  119. ↑ Shapiro, Ilya; Pilon, Roger; Eskridge, William; Burrus, Trevor (March 6, 2015). "Obergefell v. Hodges". Cato Institute. Retrieved August 28, 2024.
  120. ↑ Follett, Chelsea (July 29, 2019). "Despite Federal Return, Capital Punishment Is Dying Out". Cato Institute. Retrieved August 28, 2024.
  121. ↑ Meany, Paul (January 15, 2020). "Cesare Beccaria was a trailblazer on capital punishment". Libertarianism.org. Retrieved August 28, 2024.
  122. ↑ Riley E. Dunlap, Aaron M. McCright: Organized Climate Change Denial , in: John S. Dryzek, Richard B. Norgaard, David Schlosberg (Eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Climate Change and Society. Oxford University Press 2011, p. 144–160, here p. 149
  123. ↑ Farley, Robert (April 1, 2009). "Cato Institutes claim on global warming disputed by most experts". Politifact. Archived from the original on February 6, 2020. Retrieved February 6, 2020.
  124. ↑ Cato was criticized for publishing an alleged misleading Addendum: Global Climate Change Impacts in the United States. See: Fischer, Douglas; The Daily Climate (October 22, 2012). "Fake Addendum by Contrarian Group Tries to Undo U.S. Government Climate Report". Scientific American. Archived from the original on March 6, 2018. Retrieved February 5, 2018.
  125. ↑ "Patrick Michaels: Decades of Denial – Climate Investigations Center". climateinvestigations.org. Retrieved December 23, 2022.
  126. 1 2 Michaels, Patrick J. "Global Warming" (PDF). Cato Handbook for Congress: Policy Recommendations for the 108th Congress. p. 474. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 6, 2012. Retrieved July 4, 2012.
  127. ↑ Taylor, Jerry; Peter Van Doren (November 19, 2003). "Mighty Porking Power Rangers: Scanning the energy bill". National Review Online. Archived from the original on November 12, 2007. Retrieved May 27, 2008.
  128. ↑ Taylor, Jerry; Peter Van Doren (January 27, 2007). "Ethanol Makes Gasoline Costlier, Dirtier". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on February 13, 2008. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
  129. ↑ Ball, Terence (2003). "Takings". Environmental Encyclopedia. Gale. Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 18, 2013.
  130. 1 2 Waldman, Scott (May 29, 2020). "Cato closes its climate shop; Pat Michaels is out". E&E News . Archived from the original on August 15, 2019. Retrieved July 28, 2020.
  131. ↑ "Cato on Immigration". cato.org. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
  132. ↑ "Forget the Wall Already, It's Time for the U.S. to Have Open Borders".
  133. ↑ McCluskey, Neal. "Feds in the Classroom". Cato Institute. Archived from the original on December 11, 2012. Retrieved December 16, 2010.
  134. ↑ "Downsizing the Federal Government". Archived from the original on January 5, 2020. Retrieved December 16, 2010.
  135. ↑ Cannon, Michael F (October 21, 2009). "Yes, Mr. President, A Free Market Can Fix Health Care" (PDF). Cato Institute. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 15, 2010. Retrieved November 20, 2010.
  136. ↑ Allen, Mike (January 23, 2005). "Semantics Shape Social Security Debate: Democrats Assail 'Crisis' While GOP Gives 'Privatization' a 'Personal' Twist". The Washington Post . p. A04. Archived from the original on January 7, 2018. Retrieved August 25, 2017.
  137. ↑ Biggs, Andrew; Macguineas, Maya (January 6, 2003). "Cutting Corporate Welfare Could Fund a Bush Social Security Plan". CATO Institute. Archived from the original on November 17, 2007. Retrieved October 25, 2007.
  138. ↑ Moore, Stephen; Kerpen, Phil (October 12, 2004). "Show Me the Money! Dividend Payouts after the Bush Tax Cut". Cato Institute. Archived from the original on June 9, 2012. Retrieved July 4, 2012.
  139. ↑ Griswold, Daniel (May 18, 2006). "America Needs Real Immigration Reform". Cato Institute. Archived from the original on June 9, 2012. Retrieved July 4, 2012.
  140. ↑ Griswold, Daniel (May 22, 2007). "Illegal Immigration: Will Congress Finally Solve It?". Cato Institute. Archived from the original on June 9, 2012. Retrieved July 4, 2012.
  141. ↑ Griswold, Daniel (March 17, 2007). "Immigration Reform Must Include a Temporary Worker Program". Cato Institute. Archived from the original on June 9, 2012. Retrieved July 4, 2012.
  142. ↑ Samples, John (January 15, 2008). "McCain vs. Madison". The American Spectator . The American Spectator Foundation. Archived from the original on July 28, 2013. Retrieved August 20, 2013. Cato's link Archived May 7, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
  143. ↑ Carpenter, Ted Galen (July 7, 2008). "John McCain on Foreign Policy: Even Worse Than Bush". Chronicles: A Magazine of American Culture. Rockford Institute. Archived from the original on September 4, 2012. Retrieved August 21, 2013. Cato's link Archived October 5, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
  144. ↑ Mitchell, Dan (September 6, 2010). "Obama's New Stimulus Schemes: Same Song, Umpteenth Verse". Cato @ Liberty. Archived from the original on August 1, 2012. Retrieved July 5, 2012.
  145. ↑ Healy, Gene (November 24, 2009). "Obamacare is unconstitutional". Washington Examiner. Archived from the original on March 14, 2014. Retrieved August 20, 2013., Cato's link Archived November 13, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
  146. ↑ "Obama's War Without Policy in Libya". March 25, 2011. Archived from the original on August 1, 2012. Retrieved July 5, 2012.
  147. ↑ Greenwald, Glenn (January 28, 2017). "Trump's Muslim Ban Is Culmination of War on Terror Mentality but Still Uniquely Shameful". The Intercept . Archived from the original on June 27, 2017. Retrieved January 31, 2017.
  148. ↑ "Cato on Trade". cato.org. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
  149. ↑ "About Cato". Cato Institute. Archived from the original on December 22, 2017. Retrieved January 24, 2019.
  150. 1 2 "2014 Annual Report" (PDF). Cato Institute. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 1, 2017. Retrieved April 14, 2016.
  151. ↑ Bennett, Laurie (March 13, 2012). "The Kochs Aren't the Only Funders of Cato". Forbes. Archived from the original on August 30, 2017. Retrieved December 22, 2015.
  152. ↑ Ames, Mark (April 20, 2012). "Independent and Principled? Behind the Cato Myth". The Nation . Archived from the original on January 7, 2015. Retrieved December 9, 2014.
  153. 1 2 "Koch Brothers File Lawsuit Over The Ownership Of the Cato Institute". The Huffington Post. March 1, 2012. Archived from the original on March 3, 2012. Retrieved February 6, 2020.
  154. 1 2 Allen, Mike (March 1, 2012). "Kochs launch court fight over Cato". Politico. Archived from the original on May 25, 2021. Retrieved May 25, 2021.
  155. ↑ Farnam, T.W. (March 4, 2012). "Battle for control of Cato Institute highlights unusual structure". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on August 3, 2018. Retrieved May 25, 2021.
  156. ↑ "Save Cato". Cato Institute. September 19, 2012. Archived from the original on September 19, 2012. Retrieved May 28, 2020.
  157. ↑ "For a Better Cato". June 9, 2012. Archived from the original on June 9, 2012. Retrieved May 28, 2020.
  158. ↑ Yadron, Danny (June 25, 2012). "Koch Brothers, Cato Institute Settle Dispute". The Wall Street Journal . Archived from the original on October 6, 2012. Retrieved June 25, 2012.
  159. ↑ Cato Institute and Shareholders Reach Agreement in Principle Archived August 28, 2012, at the Wayback Machine , Cato Institute press release, June 25, 2012.
  160. ↑ Lichtblau, Eric (June 25, 2012). "Cato Institute and Koch Brothers Reach Agreement". The New York Times. Archived from the original on July 6, 2012. Retrieved July 8, 2012.
  161. ↑ "Former Cato employees describe years of harassment". POLITICO. February 8, 2018. Archived from the original on February 9, 2018. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
  162. ↑ "Nobel Laureates at Cato". Cato Institute. Archived from the original on September 19, 2020. Retrieved May 20, 2020.
  163. ↑ "Economists and Public Policy" (PDF). Cato Institute. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 25, 2020. Retrieved March 11, 2021.
  164. ↑ Ronall, Joachim O.; Saxena, Rohan; Beloff, Ruth (2007). "Friedman, Milton". Encyclopaedia Judica (2nd ed.). Thomson Gale. Archived from the original on March 29, 2015. Retrieved August 18, 2013.
  165. ↑ "The Milton Friedman Prize". Cato Institute. Archived from the original on January 20, 2014. Retrieved April 13, 2015.
  166. ↑ "Peter Bauer, 86; Economist Fought Foreign Aid". Los Angeles Times. Tribune Company. May 19, 2002. Archived from the original on August 18, 2016. Retrieved December 23, 2010.
  167. ↑ Konrad, Rachel (May 6, 2004). "Peruvian economist Hernando de Soto receives Friedman Prize". Associated Press. Archived from the original on November 5, 2012. Retrieved December 23, 2010.
  168. ↑ "Mart Laar Receives Milton Friedman Prize". Cato Policy Report. Cato Institute. July–August 2006. Archived from the original on July 26, 2006. Retrieved December 23, 2010.
  169. ↑ "Student wins $500,000 for challenging Chavez". NBC News . Associated Press. April 23, 2008. Archived from the original on February 22, 2018. Retrieved November 10, 2019.
  170. ↑ "Iranian writer Akbar Ganji wins Milton Friedman Prize". Arabianbusiness.com. April 13, 2010. Archived from the original on July 2, 2012. Retrieved April 14, 2010.
  171. ↑ 联合早报网 (2012). "茅于轼获美国傅利曼自由奖". realtime.zaobao.com. Archived from the original on May 2, 2012. Retrieved April 21, 2012.
  172. ↑ Dorn, James (2014). "Leszek Balcerowicz Transformed Poland Through An Embrace Of Economic Freedom". Forbes. Archived from the original on May 22, 2014. Retrieved May 22, 2014.
  173. ↑ "Cato Institute Honors Free Speech Advocate Flemming Rose with 2016 Milton Friedman Prize". 2016. Archived from the original on May 12, 2016. Retrieved May 11, 2016.
  174. ↑ "Las Damas de Blanco: Winner of the 2018 Milton Friedman Prize for Advancing Liberty". 2018. Archived from the original on January 12, 2019. Retrieved January 11, 2019.
  175. ↑ "Cato Institute Awards 2021 Milton Friedman Prize to the Innocence Project". 2021. Archived from the original on July 15, 2021. Retrieved July 16, 2021.
  176. ↑ "Policy Scholars". cato.org. Archived from the original on September 18, 2013. Retrieved September 17, 2013.
  177. ↑ Kopan, Tal (November 13, 2013). "Report: Think tanks tied to Kochs". Politico. Archived from the original on February 15, 2015. Retrieved February 24, 2015.
  178. ↑ "Directory SPN Members". State Policy Network. Archived from the original on March 18, 2015. Retrieved March 23, 2015.
  179. ↑ Gelb, Alan; Diofasi, Anna; Hashmi, Nabil; Post, Lauren (March 17, 2015). "CGD's Think Tank Public Profile Rankings Are Back". Center for Global Development . cgdev.org. Archived from the original on July 21, 2015. Retrieved July 17, 2015.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.