Tom Woods | |
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Born | Thomas Ernest Woods Jr. August 1, 1972 |
Spouse | Jenna Woods (m. 2022) |
Academic background | |
Education | Harvard University (BA) Columbia University (MPhil, PhD) |
Thesis | Ever ancient, ever new: Catholic intellectuals and the Progressive Era (2000) |
Doctoral advisor | Alan Brinkley [1] |
Influences | Aquinas · Rothbard · Hoppe |
Academic work | |
Discipline | History |
Sub-discipline | History of the Catholic Church |
School or tradition | Austrian School |
Website | tomwoods |
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Libertarianism in the United States |
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This article may rely excessively on sources too closely associated with the subject , potentially preventing the article from being verifiable and neutral.(October 2023) |
Thomas Ernest Woods Jr. (born August 1, 1972) is an American author, podcast host, and libertarian commentator who is currently a senior fellow at the Mises Institute. [2] [3] [4] A proponent of the Austrian School of economics, [5] Woods hosts a daily podcast, The Tom Woods Show, and formerly co-hosted the weekly podcast Contra Krugman . [4] [6] [7]
Woods' The Politically Incorrect Guide to American History in 2004 interpreted U.S. history through a paleoconservative and, as described by some writers, pro-Confederate lens. [8] [9] [10] This, and his 2009 book Meltdown on the financial crisis of 2007–2008, became New York Times bestsellers. [11] His subsequent writing has focused on promoting libertarianism and libertarian leaning political figures such as former Congressman and presidential candidate Ron Paul. Woods also teaches homeschooling courses on Western civilization and government called The Liberty Homeschooler as part of the Ron Paul Curriculum. [12]
In 1994, Woods was a founding member of the League of the South, [13] but he no longer associates with it.
This article is part of a series on |
Conservatism in the United States |
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Woods holds a BA from Harvard (1994) and an MPhil and PhD from Columbia (2000), all in history. His thesis [14] became The Church Confronts Modernity: Catholic Intellectuals and the Progressive Era, [15] which he says "has nothing to do with libertarianism." [16]
Woods is a senior fellow of the Mises Institute and is on the editorial board for the institute's Libertarian Papers. [17] He was a founding member of the League of the South (see § Affiliation with League of the South, [18] [19] which he has since denounced. Woods was a Richard M. Weaver Fellow at the Intercollegiate Studies Institute in 1995 and 1996. [20] In August 2020, Woods joined the advisory board of the Mises Caucus political action committee [21] where he continues advising as of April 10, 2022. [22]
Woods is the author of 20 books. Two of his books, Politically Incorrect Guide to American History and Meltdown were on The New York Times Best Seller list in 2005 and 2009, respectively. [23] [24] At the time he wrote Politically Incorrect Guide to American History, he was teaching at Suffolk County Community College on Long Island, New York. [10]
Woods' articles have appeared in publications including The American Historical Review , The Christian Science Monitor , Investor's Business Daily , Modern Age , American Studies , Journal of Markets & Morality , New Oxford Review , The Freeman , The Independent Review , Journal des Économistes et des Études Humaines, AD2000 , Crisis , Human Rights Review , Catholic Historical Review , the Catholic Social Science Review , The Latin Mass: A Journal of Catholic Culture , and The American Conservative . [25]
Woods is a Rothbardian libertarian and anarcho-capitalist. [26]
Tom Woods ascribes to the libertarian strain of thought known as the Rothbardian or anarcho-capitalist worldview[ failed verification ] which asserts that individual rights, property rights, peace, the free market, and the nonaggression principle are paramount and that collectivism, violence, and coercion should be opposed. [27] Like some[ who? ] anarcho-capitalists, Woods has stated that his anarchism is philosophical in nature, rather than practical; pragmatically, Woods has referred to himself as a "pragmatic minarchist" and Jeffersonian democrat. Woods' view of libertarianism emphasizes the importance of agorism (a belief that is popular with many left-libertarians), [28] alternative currencies (such as cryptocurrency and precious metals), [29] and political activism [30] to reduce state power.[ need quotation to verify ][ time needed ]
Woods co-authored Who Killed the Constitution? with Kevin Gutzman, Professor of History at Western Connecticut State University. Woods and Gutzman criticize what they view as unconstitutional political overreach spanning from World War I to the Obama administration. [31] Woods has promoted the views of Lysander Spooner, who argued that the Constitution holds no authority because the public has not explicitly consented to it and because the Federal Government in his view has not followed its obligations and limits. [32] [33] [34] [35]
Woods advocates the compact theory and promotes the legal theory of nullification, [36] [37] which, he has said, was espoused by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison in the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions. In his book Nullification, he details the history of and justification for nullification and its adoption by various political movements including abolitionists, slave holders, and those opposed to tariffs. He goes on to suggest nullification as a tool that states can use to check the powers of the federal government. As such, Woods is a supporter of the Tenth Amendment Center, [38] [39] which aims to resist what it views as federal overreach through state action.[ third-party source needed ]
Woods views the Bill of Rights as a limitation solely on federal power, and not on the power of the states. In an article for the Southern Partisan magazine in 1997 Woods writes: "The Bill of Rights, moreover, erroneously invoked by modern Civil Libertarians, was never intended to protect individuals from the state governments. Jefferson is far from alone in insisting that only the federal government is restricted from regulating the press, church-state relations, and so forth. The states may do as they wish in these areas." [40]
In a 2011 interview, Woods said that he entered Harvard as a "middle-of-the-road Republican, the very thing that drives me most berserk today" and then later became a "fully-fledged libertarian." [3] He has criticized those he deems neoconservative and previously identified himself as traditional conservative. [41]
Woods' Politically Incorrect Guide to American History has been described as having neo-Confederate themes; in it, "Woods contends that slavery was benign", according to the book Neo-Confederacy: A Critical Introduction. [42] [9] It was scathingly reviewed by commentator Max Boot of The Weekly Standard. Boot accused Woods of being overly sympathetic with Southerners such as John C. Calhoun and their belief in a state's right to secede and in state nullification, while exaggerating the militarism of Franklin D. Roosevelt, Harry S. Truman, and Bill Clinton. [18] Woods responded by criticizing Boot as an embodiment of "everything that is wrong with modern conservatism." [43] Historian David Greenberg dismissed the book as "a brisk tour of U.S. history from Colonial to Clintonian times, filtered through a lens of far-right dogma, circa 1939" that is "incorrect in more than just its politics" and that "would be tedious to debunk." [44] Judge James Haley, by contrast, praised the book in the conservative Weekly Standard as "a compelling rebuttal to the liberal sentiment encrusted upon current history texts." [45]
Woods opposes immigration. He argued in a 1995 The Freeman article "Liberty and Immigration" that libertarians have made a mistake to welcome immigration (legal as well as illegal), because he views open borders to infringe on the property rights of homeowners. [46]
Woods has been an advocate of hard money, [47] and is critical of the Federal Reserve and other central banks which he views as responsible for unnatural inflation and the business cycle. [48] Economist Steven Horwitz has pointed out that Woods' monetary theory and definitions of inflation and deflation rely on a Rothbardian 100% reserve requirement, which is not the only perspective in the Austrian School. [49]
Woods believes that the gender pay gap results because "women often intend to leave the labor force for extended periods of time in order to have children, they do not consider certain high-paying fields where their knowledge would be obsolete after so long an absence." [50]
Woods has been highly critical of Keynesian economics. [51] Woods co-hosted the Contra Krugman podcast (from September 2015 to June 2020) with economist Robert P. Murphy, which critiqued Nobel Prize winning New Keynesian economist Paul Krugman's Times columns through the lens of free market Austrian economics and said it taught economics "by uncovering and dissecting the errors of Krugman." [6] [7]
In 1994, Woods was a founding member of the League of the South, for which he has been criticized. [42] [18] [13] Woods has argued that the League has changed its politics and was not racist or antisemitic in 1994. [52] A 2005 article in Reason Magazine called out Woods for his background in the neo-Confederate organization, stating his views meant he was not a libertarian. The author also noted his frequent writing in the group's magazine, The Southern Patriot, up through 1997 and received a quote from Woods stating that he didn't disagree with most of the views he made in said publications. [53] An article in the same year by a member of the League of the South published in The American Conservative praised Woods' background in the group, his book, and the views expressed within, especially those concerning the Confederacy and how its defeat was the "defining moment when the United States took its steps towards the abyss of the monstrous centralised state, rootless society and decadent culture that we have today." [54]
In 2013, an article by the non-profit Political Research Associates, which studies right-wing white supremacist and extremist groups, noted that Woods was a frequent speaker at neo-Confederate events throughout the 1990s and since then, along with contributing to the American Secession Project started in 2000. The authors noted that a 1997 article written by Woods in the neo-confederate Southern Partisan magazine had him include in the author byline that he was a "founding member of the League of the South." [55] An article from 2014 in Alan Keyes' Renew America organization criticized Woods for his "secessionist libertarianism" and his ongoing involvement with members of "the white supremacist League of the South", though pointed out that it was likely he was naive in his viewpoints, but not racist. [56]
Woods contended in 2018 that the League was founded as a "decentralist" organization and then later took a "dramatic" and "vicious" turn toward racism and anti-semitism. Woods argued: "To show that the organization has undergone a dramatic change, I don't exactly need to hire a private detective. The League’s president himself wrote of having made a 'conscious change' to the League, such that 'we have radicalized by openly and directly addressing the Negro Question and the Jew Question.' Here is express admission of what was already obvious to anyone of good will: this is not the League Jeffrey Tucker and I joined in 1994. Anyone who says otherwise has no idea what he’s talking about. This in fact is why all the PhDs present at the League’s founding, including one of the world’s top David Hume scholars, by all accounts, are long gone – as even the Southern Poverty Law Center now concedes." [52] In an interview with Reason TV's Matt Welch, Woods stated, "Anyone who knows or listens to me, knows I would not be involved with anything sinister. The problem is I will not apologize because the group I joined were a bunch of nerdy academics like me and there was nothing wrong with that group. I could save myself an enormous amount of grief if I would apologize but I will not apologize for this because I am sick and tired of cowards who give in to this type of pressure." [57] [ third-party source needed ]
During the COVID-19 pandemic, Woods has criticized public health measures meant to control the spread of COVID-19, questioning their efficacy and expounding on the supposed dangers of social distancing, masking, and mandatory lockdowns. [58] His claims in a November 7, 2020, speech Dangers of the Covid Cult [59] opposing these non-pharmaceutical interventions were labeled misleading and rebutted by Health Feedback (a member of WHO's Vaccine Safety Net), [60] which Woods disputed. [61] YouTube removed the Mises Institute's upload of the video for violating the website's policy on medical misinformation. [62] On April 6, 2022, Woods called for "a full-blown book-length demolition of what public health has been up to for the past half century." [63]
Woods conducts interviews on economic topics, foreign policy, and history in his daily podcast, The Tom Woods Show, since September 2013. [6]
Woods received the 2019 Hayek Lifetime Achievement Award from the Austrian Economics Center in Vienna [64] and awards from the Independent Institute and the Institute for Humane Studies at George Mason University. [65] Between 1995 and 2005, he was awarded $8,000 from the Earhart Foundation. [10] His book The Church and the Market: A Catholic Defense of the Free Economy (2005) won the $50,000 first prize in the 2006 Templeton Enterprise Awards. [66]
Woods is a traditionalist Roman Catholic. In 1994, he married his first wife Heather, with whom he had two daughters. [67] In 2020 he announced his engagement to Jenna Laino, and the two were married in 2022. [68]
Murray Newton Rothbard was an American economist of the Austrian School, economic historian, political theorist, and activist. Rothbard was a central figure in the 20th-century American libertarian movement, particularly its right-wing strands, and was a founder and leading theoretician of anarcho-capitalism. He wrote over twenty books on political theory, history, economics, and other subjects.
Henry Stuart Hazlitt was an American journalist who wrote about business and economics for such publications as The Wall Street Journal, The Nation, The American Mercury, Newsweek, and The New York Times.
Hans-Hermann Hoppe is a German-American academic associated with Austrian School economics, anarcho-capitalism, right-wing libertarianism, and opposition to democracy. He is professor emeritus of economics at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV), senior fellow of the Mises Institute think tank, and the founder and president of the Property and Freedom Society.
The Ludwig von Mises Institute for Austrian Economics, or Mises Institute, is a nonprofit think tank headquartered in Auburn, Alabama, that is a center for Austrian economics, right-wing libertarian thought and the paleolibertarian and anarcho-capitalist movements in the United States. It is named after the economist Ludwig von Mises (1881–1973) and promotes the Misesian version of heterodox Austrian economics.
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Paleolibertarianism is a right-libertarian political activism strategy aimed at uniting libertarians and paleoconservatives. It was developed by American anarcho-capitalist theorists Murray Rothbard and Lew Rockwell in the American political context after the end of the Cold War. From 1989 to 1995, they sought to communicate libertarian notions of opposition to government intervention by using messages accessible to the working class and middle class people of the time. They combined libertarian free market views with the cultural conservatism of paleoconservatism, while also opposing protectionism. The strategy also embraced the paleoconservative reverence for tradition and religion. This approach, usually identified as right-wing populism, was intended to radicalize citizens against the state. The name they chose for this style of activism evoked the roots of modern libertarianism, hence the prefix paleo. That founding movement was American classical liberalism, which shared the anti-war and anti-New Deal sentiments of the Old Right in the first half of the 20th century. Paleolibertarianism is generally seen as a right-wing ideology.
Leonard P. Liggio was a classical liberal author, research professor of law at George Mason University and executive vice president of the Atlas Network in Fairfax, Virginia.
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Norman Stephan Kinsella is an American patent attorney, author, and deontological anarcho-capitalist. His legal works have been published by Oxford University Press, Oceana Publications, Mises Institute, Quid Pro Books and others.
In the United States, libertarianism is a political philosophy promoting individual liberty. According to common meanings of conservatism and liberalism in the United States, libertarianism has been described as conservative on economic issues and liberal on personal freedom, often associated with a foreign policy of non-interventionism. Broadly, there are four principal traditions within libertarianism, namely the libertarianism that developed in the mid-20th century out of the revival tradition of classical liberalism in the United States after liberalism associated with the New Deal; the libertarianism developed in the 1950s by anarcho-capitalist author Murray Rothbard, who based it on the anti-New Deal Old Right and 19th-century libertarianism and American individualist anarchists such as Benjamin Tucker and Lysander Spooner while rejecting the labor theory of value in favor of Austrian School economics and the subjective theory of value; the libertarianism developed in the 1970s by Robert Nozick and founded in American and European classical liberal traditions; and the libertarianism associated with the Libertarian Party, which was founded in 1971, including politicians such as David Nolan and Ron Paul.
Gerard Casey is an Irish academic and former politician who is Professor Emeritus at University College Dublin.
Right-libertarianism, also known as libertarian capitalism, or right-wing libertarianism, is a libertarian political philosophy that supports capitalist property rights and defends market distribution of natural resources and private property. The term right-libertarianism is used to distinguish this class of views on the nature of property and capital from left-libertarianism, a variant of libertarianism that combines self-ownership with an anti-authoritarian approach to property and income. In contrast to socialist libertarianism, right-libertarianism supports free-market capitalism. Like most forms of libertarianism, it supports civil liberties, especially natural law, negative rights, the non-aggression principle, and a significant transformation of the modern welfare state. Practitioners of right-libertarianism usually do not self-describe by that term and often object to it.
The Politically Incorrect Guide to American History is a work of paleoconservative literature covering various issues in U.S. history by Thomas E. Woods, published in December 2004. This book was the first in the Politically Incorrect Guide series published by Regnery Publishing, who view the series as covering topics without consideration for political correctness. The book was present on The New York Times best-seller list for many weeks.
Libertarian conservatism, also referred to as conservative libertarianism and, more rarely, conservatarianism, is a political and social philosophy that combines conservatism and libertarianism, representing the libertarian wing of conservatism and vice versa.
Walter Edward Block is an American Austrian School economist and anarcho-capitalist theorist. He was the Harold E. Wirth Eminent Scholar Endowed Chair in Economics at the School of Business at Loyola University New Orleans and a former senior fellow of the non-profit think-tank Ludwig von Mises Institute in Auburn, Alabama.
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Homeschool courses by Tom Woods, Prepared for the Ron Paul Curriculum.
Thomas E. Woods, Jr. is interviewed by Die Tagespost
Woods includes a nice refutation of a number of arguments against gold and other commodity standards. These two chapters are valuable, although I wish Woods had acknowledged that his implicit monetary theory, including his definitions of inflation and deflation, is not the only one in the Austrian tradition. (It relies on a Rothbardian 100-percent-reserve perspective on money and banking.)
What we need now is a full-blown book-length demolition of what "public health" has been up to for the past half century.