Jo Jorgensen 2020 presidential campaign

Last updated

Jo Jorgensen for President
Jorgensen Cohen 2020 Campaign Logo.svg
Campaign 2020 Libertarian primaries
2020 U.S. presidential election
Candidate Jo Jorgensen
Senior lecturer at Clemson University
Spike Cohen
Podcaster and businessman
Affiliation Libertarian Party
Status
  • Announced: November 2, 2019
  • Official nominee: May 23, 2020
  • Lost election: November 3, 2020
Headquarters Greenville, South Carolina [1]
Key people Steve Dasbach (campaign manager)
Receipts US$3,405,357 [2] (November 23, 2020)
SloganReal Change for Real People [3]
She's With Us! [4]
Let Her Speak [5]
I'm With Her [6]
Break Free From Big Government [7]
Website
www.jo20.com
Original campaign logo Jo Jorgensen 2020 campaign logo.png
Original campaign logo

The 2020 presidential campaign of Jo Jorgensen was formally launched on November 2, 2019, at the South Carolina Libertarian Party convention. [8] Jorgensen had previously been the Libertarian Party's vice presidential nominee in 1996, when she ran on a ticket with author Harry Browne. [9] Currently a senior lecturer of psychology at Clemson University, [10] Jorgensen had owned a software company at the time of her 1996 vice presidential candidacy. [9]

Contents

Jorgensen's positions are typically described as being consistent with the Libertarian Party's platform. [11] [12] [13] Her campaign has received less media coverage than those of Gary Johnson, former Republican governor of New Mexico and Jorgensen's predecessor as the Libertarian Party's presidential nominee in 2012 and 2016. Her name recognition upon entering the race is also widely considered to have been lower than Johnson's. [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] Although Jorgensen is often described as appealing to the Libertarian Party's base, some in the party, such as her main primary opponent Future of Freedom Foundation founder Jacob Hornberger, have criticized her for perceived departures from libertarian ideology in exchange for mainstream appeal. [18]

The Libertarian Party experienced a competitive primary. [19] On May 23, at the virtual 2020 Libertarian National Convention, Jorgensen was selected as the party's 2020 presidential nominee after four rounds of voting by delegates. [20] She is the party's first female presidential nominee. [15] Podcaster Spike CohenVermin Supreme's original running mate—was selected to be Jorgensen's running mate the next day, despite Jorgensen having expressed a preference for fellow presidential candidate John Monds. [21] [22]

Background

In 1996, Jorgensen was nominated by the Libertarian Party as its candidate for vice president in the 1996 election. The party's presidential nominee was free market writer and investment analyst Harry Browne. [23] The Browne/Jorgensen ticket received 485,798 votes (0.5% of the popular vote) in the general election, which was won by incumbent president Bill Clinton. [24] [25] Jorgensen had previously run for South Carolina's 4th congressional district in 1992, receiving 4,286 votes (2.2% of the popular vote). [26]

Platform

Jorgensen speaking at a rally in Scottsdale, Arizona, October 10, 2020 Jo Jorgensen (50447934788).jpg
Jorgensen speaking at a rally in Scottsdale, Arizona, October 10, 2020

Healthcare and social security

Jorgensen supports a free-market healthcare system financed by individual spending accounts that could keep any savings, which she believes would increase healthcare providers' incentive to compete by meeting consumer demand for low-cost services. [27] [28] [29] She opposes single-payer healthcare, calling it "disastrous". [29]

Jorgensen supports replacing Social Security with individual retirement accounts. [30] In the final debate of the 2020 primaries, candidate Jacob Hornberger accused Jorgensen of "support[ing] the welfare state through Social Security and Medicare". In response, she called Social Security a "Ponzi scheme". She then expressed the desire to allow people to opt out of the program on her first day in office, while emphasizing the constitutional inability of a president to unilaterally end the program without Congress's support, as well as the need for the government to fulfill existing Social Security obligations. [31] [32] Under Jorgensen's plan, those who opt out would put 6.2% of their payroll taxes in individual retirement accounts and receive prorated Social Security benefits for existing contributions as zero-coupon bonds for retirement. [33]

Criminal justice and drug policy

Jorgensen at a rally in Durham, North Carolina in 2020. Jorgensen rally Durham 02.jpg
Jorgensen at a rally in Durham, North Carolina in 2020.

Jorgensen opposes federal civil asset forfeiture and qualified immunity. [34] She opposes the war on drugs and supports abolishing drug laws, promising to pardon all nonviolent drug offenders. [35] She has urged the demilitarization of police. [36]

Foreign policy and defense

Jorgensen opposes embargoes, economic sanctions, and foreign aid; she supports non-interventionism, armed neutrality, and the withdrawal of U.S. troops from abroad. [37] [38] [34]

Immigration, economics, and trade

Jorgensen calls for deregulation, arguing that it would reduce poverty. [39] She supports cutting government spending to reduce taxes. [40]

Jorgensen supports the freedom of American citizens to travel and trade, calls for the elimination of trade barriers and tariffs, and supports the repeal of quotas on the number of people who can legally enter the United States to work, visit, or reside. [41] In a Libertarian presidential primary debate, Jorgensen said she would immediately stop construction on President Donald Trump's border wall. During another primary debate she blamed anti-immigration sentiment on disproportionate media coverage of crimes by immigrants. She argued that immigration helps the economy and that the blending of cultures is beneficial. [42] [43] [44] [45]

COVID-19

Jorgensen has characterized the U.S. government's response to the COVID-19 pandemic as overly bureaucratic and authoritarian, calling restrictions on individual behavior (such as stay-at-home orders) and corporate bailouts "the biggest assault on our liberties in our lifetime". [28] [42] [46]

Jorgensen opposes government mask mandates, considering mask-wearing a matter of personal choice. She argues that mask-wearing would be widely adopted without government intervention because market competition would drive businesses to adopt either mask-required or mask-optional policies, allowing consumers the freedom to choose their preferred environment. Jorgensen has invoked the analogy of dollar voting to argue that consumer preferences would shape businesses' policies on face masks in the absence of a government mandate. [47]

Primary campaign

Jorgensen's state-by-state performance in the primaries
.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}
Jo Jorgensen
Jacob Hornberger
Vermin Supreme
No preference Libertarian Party presidential primaries results, 2020.svg
Jorgensen's state-by-state performance in the primaries
  Jo Jorgensen
  Jacob Hornberger
  Vermin Supreme
  No preference

In the Libertarian primaries, Jorgensen placed second in terms of overall votes cast, behind Future of Freedom Foundation founder Jacob Hornberger. Jorgensen won a single primary prior to the Convention, in Nebraska, on May 12, 2020. [48] After Justin Amash entered and then exited the race Jacob Hornberger lost a significant number of votes and on the fourth round of balloting Jorgensen was nominated. She did not endorse anybody to be her running mate and after three ballots Spike Cohen was nominated. After her nomination, she went on to win the New Mexico primary on June 2, 2020, which had been postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. [49] [50]

General election campaign

Ballot access

Jorgensen achieved ballot access in all 50 states and the District of Columbia on September 15, 2020. [51]

Website crash

After the first presidential debate between Donald Trump and Joe Biden, Jorgensen's website crashed due to high volume of traffic. [52]

Campaign finance

Jorgensen raised $3,442,156 on her presidential campaign, loaning $9,784 of her own money to her campaign and raising $3,415,793 from individual contributions. She spent $3,420,928 and has $106,132 in outstanding debts with $21,228 of ending cash in hand. [53]

CandidateCampaign committee
RaisedTotal loansInd. contrib.Item. Ind. contrib.Unitem. Ind. contrib.Spent
Jo Jorgensen $3,442,156$9,784$3,415,793$1,113,598$2,302,196$3,420,928

Results

Jo Jorgensen's state-by-state performance across the nation. Percentage shades are rough increments of 0.25%. Libertarian Party presidential election results, 2020 (United States of America).svg
Jo Jorgensen's state-by-state performance across the nation. Percentage shades are rough increments of 0.25%.

Jo Jorgensen received 1,865,535 total votes and 1.2% of the national vote, coming third in the nation. She achieved the Libertarian Party's second strongest historical result to date behind Gary Johnson's 2016 presidential campaign. The highest percentage of votes received by Jorgensen was in South Dakota, where she received 2.63% or 11,095 votes.

Endorsements

Jorgensen has received endorsements from Kennedy, Peter Schiff, John Stossel, and Katherine Timpf, among others. She has also received endorsements from many former Libertarian candidates in the 2020 race, including Jacob Hornberger, Justin Amash, Adam Kokesh and Vermin Supreme.[ citation needed ] In addition, she received an endorsement from 2012 and 2016 Libertarian nominee Gary Johnson.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jo Jorgensen</span> 2020 Libertarian Party US presidential nominee

Jo Jorgensen is an American libertarian political activist and academic. Jorgensen was the Libertarian Party's nominee for president of the United States in the 2020 election, in which she finished third in the popular vote with about 1.9 million votes, 1.2% of the national total. She was previously the party's nominee for vice president in the 1996 election, as Harry Browne's running mate. She is a full-time lecturer of psychology at Clemson University.

The Libertarian Party of the United States was formed in Colorado Springs in the home of Luke Zell by a group of individuals led by David Nolan on December 11, 1971, after several months of debate among members of the Committee to Form a Libertarian Party, founded July 17. The formation was prompted in part by price controls and the end of the Gold Standard implemented by President Richard Nixon. The Libertarian Party viewed the dominant Republican and Democratic parties as having diverged from what they viewed as the libertarian principles of the American Founding Fathers. This group included John Hospers, Edward Crane, Manuel Klausner, Murray Rothbard, Roy Childs, D. Frank Robinson, Theodora (Tonie) Nathan, and Jim Dean.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">John Monds</span> American politician

John Monds is an American politician and activist. He was the Libertarian nominee for Governor of Georgia in 2010. He was the first African American to appear on the general election ballot for Governor of Georgia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gary Johnson 2016 presidential campaign</span> Political campaign

The 2016 presidential campaign of Gary Johnson, the 29th Governor of New Mexico, was announced on January 6, 2016, for the nomination of the Libertarian Party for President of the United States. He officially won the nomination on May 29, 2016, at the Libertarian National Convention in Orlando, Florida, receiving 56% of the vote on the second ballot. Former Massachusetts Governor William Weld was endorsed by Johnson for the Libertarian vice-presidential nomination, which he also received on May 29, 2016.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Austin Petersen</span> American writer, political activist, and producer (born 1981)

Austin Wade Petersen is an American writer, political activist, commentator, and broadcaster. He is the host of the Wake Up America show daily newscast. He was the runner-up for the Libertarian Party's nomination for President of the United States in 2016, finishing second place to Gary Johnson with 21.9% of the vote.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2016 United States presidential election in California</span>

The 2016 United States presidential election in California was held on Tuesday, November 8, 2016, as part of the 2016 United States presidential election in which all 50 states plus the District of Columbia participated. California voters chose electors to represent them in the Electoral College via a popular vote, pitting the Republican Party's nominee, businessman Donald Trump, and running mate Indiana Governor Mike Pence against Democratic Party nominee, former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, and her running mate Virginia Senator Tim Kaine. California had 55 electoral votes in the Electoral College, the most of any state.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2020 Libertarian Party presidential primaries</span>

The 2020 Libertarian Party presidential primaries and caucuses were a series of electoral contests to indicate non-binding preferences for the Libertarian Party's presidential candidate in the 2020 United States presidential election. These differed from the Republican or Democratic presidential primaries and caucuses in that they do not appoint delegates to represent a candidate at the party's convention to select the party's presidential nominee.

This article lists third-party and independent candidates, also jointly known as minor candidates, associated with the 2020 United States presidential election.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2020 United States presidential election in Alabama</span>

The 2020 United States presidential election in Alabama took place on Tuesday, November 3, 2020, as part of the 2020 United States presidential election in which all 50 states and the District of Columbia participated. Alabama voters chose nine electors to represent them in the Electoral College via a popular vote pitting incumbent Republican President Donald Trump and his running mate, incumbent Vice President Mike Pence, against Democratic challenger and former Vice President Joe Biden and his running mate, United States Senator Kamala Harris of California. Also on the ballot was the Libertarian nominee, psychology lecturer Jo Jorgensen and her running mate, entrepreneur and podcaster Spike Cohen. Write-in candidates were permitted without registration, and their results were not individually counted.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2020 United States presidential election in New York</span>

The 2020 United States presidential election in New York was held on Tuesday, November 3, 2020, as part of the 2020 United States presidential election in which all 50 states plus the District of Columbia participated. New York voters chose electors to represent them in the Electoral College via a popular vote, pitting the Republican Party's nominee, incumbent President Donald Trump, and running mate Vice President Mike Pence against Democratic Party nominee, former Vice President Joe Biden, and his running mate California Senator Kamala Harris. New York had 29 electoral votes in the Electoral College. Trump announced that Florida would be his home state for this election, rather than New York as it had been previously. This was the first presidential election in New York to allow no-excuse absentee voting.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2020 United States presidential election in New Mexico</span>

The 2020 United States presidential election in New Mexico was held on Tuesday, November 3, 2020, as part of the 2020 United States presidential election in which all 50 states plus the District of Columbia participated. New Mexico voters chose electors to represent them in the Electoral College via a popular vote, pitting the Republican Party's nominee, incumbent President Donald Trump, and running mate Vice President Mike Pence against Democratic Party nominee, former Vice President Joe Biden, and his running mate California Senator Kamala Harris. New Mexico has five electoral votes in the Electoral College.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2020 United States presidential election in South Dakota</span>

The 2020 United States presidential election in South Dakota was held on Tuesday, November 3, 2020, as part of the 2020 United States presidential election in which all 50 states plus the District of Columbia participated. South Dakota voters chose electors to represent them in the Electoral College via a popular vote, pitting the Republican Party's nominee, incumbent President Donald Trump, and running mate Vice President Mike Pence against Democratic Party nominee, former Vice President Joe Biden, and his running mate California Senator Kamala Harris. South Dakota has three electoral votes in the Electoral College.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2020 Libertarian National Convention</span> Political event

The 2020 Libertarian National Convention delegates selected the Libertarian Party nominees for president and vice president in the 2020 United States presidential election. Primaries were held, but were preferential in nature and did not determine delegate allocation. The convention was originally scheduled to be held from May 21 to May 25 at the JW Marriott Austin luxury hotel in downtown Austin, Texas. On April 26, all reservations at the JW Marriott Austin were canceled in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, leaving the convention oversight committee to seek another venue for a possible July date.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Spike Cohen</span> American political activist, entrepreneur, and podcaster (born 1982)

Jeremy "Spike" Cohen is an American libertarian political activist, entrepreneur, and podcaster. He was the Libertarian Party's nominee for vice president of the United States in 2020, serving as Jo Jorgensen's running mate.

The Green presidential debates are a series of political debates between the Green candidates for president in the United States 2020 presidential election.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2024 Libertarian National Convention</span>

The 2024 Libertarian National Convention was a political event to select the Libertarian Party nominees for president and vice president in the 2024 election. It was held from May 24 to the early morning of May 27, 2024, at the Washington Hilton in Washington, D.C.

The 2024 presidential campaign of Chase Oliver formally began on April 4, 2023, following the formation of an exploratory committee in December 2022. He officially received the presidential nomination of the Libertarian Party on May 26, 2024. Oliver is a libertarian political activist, as well as sales account executive, and HR representative. He was the Libertarian nominee in the 2022 United States Senate election in Georgia and the 2020 Georgia's 5th congressional district special election.

References

  1. Jo Jorgensen for President (August 13, 2019). "FEC Form 2: Statement of Candidacy" (PDF). Federal Election Commission. Retrieved August 25, 2020.
  2. "Jorgensen, Jo – Candidate overview". Federal Election Commission. Retrieved December 13, 2020.
  3. "'Real Change for Real People' campaign visits Texas". Jo Jorgensen for President. August 24, 2020. Archived from the original on October 14, 2020. Retrieved October 30, 2020.
  4. "Shop: She's With Us". Jo Jorgensen for President. Archived from the original on October 14, 2020. Retrieved October 30, 2020.
  5. Nickerson, Ryan (July 30, 2020). "Let Her Speak event aims to get Jo Jorgensen on debate stage against President Trump, Biden". Houston Chronicle. Hearst Newspapers. Retrieved August 7, 2020.
  6. Obeidallah, Dean (May 25, 2020). "The truth about 'I'm with her'". CNN. Retrieved August 7, 2020.
  7. Nicholson, Zoe. "Clemson professor wins Libertarian nomination for president". Greenville News. USA Today. Retrieved June 14, 2020.
  8. "SCLP Convention". YouTube. LibertarianParty. Retrieved June 19, 2020.
  9. 1 2 Broder, David S. (July 7, 1996). "Seeking Political Breakthrough, Libertarians Pick Harry Browne". The Washington Post. Retrieved August 7, 2020.
  10. Putnam, Jeannie (July 9, 2020). "Clemson lecturer Jo Jorgensen chosen as Libertarian Party presidential candidate". Greenville Journal. Retrieved August 7, 2020.
  11. Graham, David A. (July 15, 2020). "The 2020 U.S. Presidential Race: A Cheat Sheet". The Atlantic. Retrieved August 7, 2020.
  12. 1 2 Weigel, David (May 26, 2020). "The Trailer: Challenging Democratic incumbents has gotten even tougher". The Washington Post. Retrieved August 7, 2020.
  13. 1 2 Kilgore, Ed (May 27, 2020). "Libertarians Decide to Become a Joke in 2020". New York Magazine. Retrieved August 7, 2020.
  14. Solender, Andrew (May 26, 2020). "Third Parties Struggle to Break Through in a Tough Election Cycle". Forbes. Retrieved August 7, 2020.
  15. 1 2 Steinhauser, Paul (May 25, 2020). "Libertarians pick first female presidential nominee". Fox News. Retrieved August 7, 2020.
  16. Schackner, Bill (August 6, 2020). "Is it Trump? Biden? Nope. It's Jo Jorgensen". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Retrieved August 7, 2020.
  17. Doherty, Brian (May 21, 2020). "Libertarian Presidential Contender Jo Jorgensen Wants To Combine Principle With Palatable Persuasion". Reason. Retrieved August 7, 2020.
  18. Doherty, Brian (May 22, 2020). "Libertarian Party Presidential Debate Offers Choice Between All Liberty Now or Moving the Ball of Liberty Down the Field". Reason. Retrieved August 7, 2020.
  19. Welch, Matt (November 7, 2019). "Candidates Vie to Represent the Libertarian Wing of the Libertarian Party". Reason. Retrieved August 7, 2020.
  20. Doherty, Brian (May 23, 2020). "Jo Jorgensen Wins Libertarian Party Presidential Nomination". Reason. Retrieved August 7, 2020.
  21. Doherty, Brian (May 24, 2020). "Libertarian Party Picks Spike Cohen as Its Vice-Presidential Candidate". Reason. Retrieved May 24, 2020.
  22. Lemongello, Steven (July 8, 2020). "Libertarians bring a socially distanced convention to Orlando, with color-coded 'risk bracelets'". Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved August 7, 2020.
  23. Broder, David S. "Seeking Political Breakthrough, Libertarians Pick Harry Browne". The Washington Post. Retrieved June 14, 2020.
  24. Staats, Craig. "Clinton Captures a Second Term". The Vote '96. AllPolitics. Retrieved June 14, 2020.
  25. "1996 Popular Vote Summary for All Candidates Listed on at Least One State Ballot". Federal Elections 96. Federal Election Commission. Retrieved June 14, 2020.
  26. "Annual Report: 1992–1993" (PDF). South Carolina Election Commission. p. 82. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 14, 2020. Retrieved October 11, 2020.
  27. "Libertarian Party Presidential Candidate Jo Jorgensen campaigns in Wisconsin". WSAW. July 25, 2020. Retrieved August 14, 2020.
  28. 1 2 "Jorgensen Brings Pragmatic Approach to Libertarian Presidential Campaign". The Amarillo Pioneer. May 19, 2020. Archived from the original on June 11, 2020. Retrieved May 24, 2020.
  29. 1 2 Doherty, Brian (May 21, 2020). "Libertarian Presidential Contender Jo Jorgensen Wants To Combine Principle With Palatable Persuasion". Reason.com. Archived from the original on May 24, 2020. Retrieved May 24, 2020.
  30. "Social Security". Archived from the original on October 24, 2021. Retrieved August 14, 2020.
  31. Doherty, Brian (May 22, 2020). "Libertarian Party Presidential Debate Offers Choice Between All Liberty Now or Moving the Ball of Liberty Down the Field". Reason. Retrieved August 7, 2020.
  32. "Final Libertarian Presidential Debate with John Stossel". YouTube. LibertarianParty. May 21, 2020. Retrieved August 7, 2020.
  33. "Social Security Would Be Drastically Changed Under This Presidential Candidate's Plan". June 28, 2020. Archived from the original on June 29, 2020. Retrieved June 29, 2020.
  34. 1 2 "Jo Jorgensen's Bold, Practical, Libertarian Vision for America's Future". Jo Jorgensen for President 2020. Archived from the original on May 25, 2020. Retrieved May 24, 2020.
  35. Dinan, Stephen (June 12, 2020). "Libertarian nominee says Trump, Biden both tainted on race". Washington Times. Archived from the original on June 20, 2020. Retrieved June 21, 2020.
  36. DiStaso, John (June 4, 2020). "NH Primary Source: Libertarian presidential candidate Jorgensen urges end of police 'militarization'". WMUR. Archived from the original on June 18, 2020. Retrieved June 18, 2020.
  37. "Turn America into One Giant Switzerland: Armed and Neutral". Jo Jorgensen for President 2020. Archived from the original on June 9, 2020. Retrieved May 24, 2020.
  38. Doherty, Brian (May 21, 2020). "Libertarian Presidential Contender Jo Jorgensen Wants To Combine Principle With Palatable Persuasion". Reason. Archived from the original on May 24, 2020. Retrieved May 24, 2020.
  39. Solem, Rick (June 13, 2020). "The other 'Jo' wants your 2020 vote, if you're fed up with the two-party system, or if you're not". WIZM News Talk 1410 AM.
  40. "Taxes", Jo Jorgensen for President, archived from the original on August 9, 2020, retrieved August 17, 2020
  41. "Trade and Immigration | Libertarian Candidates stance | 2020". Archived from the original on August 9, 2020. Retrieved August 14, 2020.
  42. 1 2 "Libertarian Party Presidential Debate Offers Choice Between All Liberty Now or Moving the Ball of Liberty Down the Field". Reason. May 22, 2020. Archived from the original on May 22, 2020. Retrieved May 22, 2020.
  43. "Final Libertarian Presidential Debate with John Stossel". Youtube.com. Archived from the original on July 12, 2020. Retrieved May 21, 2020.
  44. "Libertarian Party of Kentucky Presidential Debates: the Finale". Youtube. Archived from the original on July 11, 2020. Retrieved May 9, 2020.
  45. Cami Mondeaux, "The alternative presidential candidate: Jo Jorgensen runs for the Libertarian Party", KLS News radio 102.7 FM, July 5, 2020
  46. "NH Primary Source: Libertarian presidential candidate Jorgensen urges end of police 'militarization'". www.wmur.com. June 4, 2020. Archived from the original on June 18, 2020. Retrieved June 18, 2020.
  47. Gillespie, Nick (September 23, 2020). "Jo Jorgensen: Don't Waste Your Vote on Trump or Biden". Reason (Podcast). Event occurs at 21:48–29:06. Retrieved September 30, 2020.
  48. "For President of the United States – Libertarian". Nebraska Secretary of State. Retrieved May 25, 2020.
  49. Corasaniti, Nick; Saul, Stephanie. "16 States Have Postponed Primaries During the Pandemic. Here's a List". The New York Times. Retrieved June 14, 2020.
  50. "Primary Election - June 2, 2020: President of the United States – Libertarian". Election Night Results. New Mexico Secretary of State. Retrieved June 14, 2020.
  51. Voskuil, Connor (September 16, 2020). "LP Presidential Nominee On The Ballot in All 50 States Plus DC". Libertarian Party . Retrieved January 26, 2021.
  52. Scribner, Herb (September 30, 2020). "Who is Dr. Jo Jorgensen? This third-party candidate's website crashed during the 2020 debates". Deseret News. Retrieved October 2, 2020.
  53. "Jorgensen, Jo – Candidate overview". FEC.gov. Retrieved March 2, 2021.