Vermin Supreme

Last updated

Vermin Supreme
Vermin Supreme August 2019.jpg
Supreme in New Hampshire in 2019 during the 2020 United States presidential election wearing his characteristic Wellington boot
Member of the Libertarian Party Judicial Committee
In office
July 12, 2020 [1]  –May 29, 2022
Personal details
BornJune 1, 1961 (age 63)
Rockport, Massachusetts, U.S.
Political party Democratic (2004–2008, 2012–2016, 2023–present)
Other political
affiliations
Education Gloucester High School
Occupation
  • Performance artist
  • presidential candidate
  • activist

Vermin Love Supreme [2] (born June 1, 1961) is an American performance artist and activist who has run as a novelty candidate in various local, state, and national elections in the United States. He served as a member of the Libertarian Party's judicial committee. [3] [4] [5] [6] [ excessive citations ] Supreme is known for wearing a boot as a hat and carrying a comically large toothbrush, [7] and has said that if elected President of the United States, he will pass a law requiring people to brush their teeth. [4] [8] [9] [10] [ excessive citations ] He has campaigned on a platform of zombie apocalypse awareness and time travel research, [11] and promised a free pony for every American. [12]

Contents

In 2011, he participated in the Occupy Boston protests. [13] He is the subject of the 2014 documentary Who Is Vermin Supreme? An Outsider Odyssey, which follows his 2012 campaign and explores his life as an activist and political prankster. [14]

Supreme campaigned for the Libertarian Party's 2020 presidential nomination. At the 2020 Libertarian National Convention he came in third place, receiving 206 delegate votes.

Political positions

Supreme generally runs for office as a satirical candidate, making proposals that are considered outlandish or unrealistic and communicating in an unorthodox way in order to mock politicians and the political system. His eccentric attire includes multiple ties and a boot on his head, and he sometimes carries a giant toothbrush. He has created attention by giving interviews to reporters and crashing campaign events for major candidates. Some of the main themes of Supreme's campaigns are instituting a mandatory tooth brushing law, giving every American a free pony, using zombies for renewable energy, zombie apocalypse awareness, and time travel research. He largely avoided discussing major political issues until his 2020 presidential campaign, which was more serious. Supreme has run variously as a Republican, a Democrat, and a Libertarian. [15] [16] [17] [18]

Supreme discussed his political views in a 2008 promotional video. He said he was registered as a Republican at that time, but that he leaned toward anarchism and was influenced by the Situationist International, dadaism, and discordianism. [19] He asserted that libertarians "are just about abolishing the government and letting shit fall where it may", [20] which he called a mistake, though he later said that assertion was based on a "prejudice" for "lack of knowing." [21] He asserted that Republicans want to nullify the government, but "offer no alternative to helping people other than charity." [20] Supreme's vision of anarchism holds no need for government and depends on citizens to take responsibility for themselves and for others, citing "mutual aid and support and care to our fellow citizens" as key elements. To that end, Supreme has called for a gradual dismantling of the government, while citizens take up the slack. He asserted that Americans no longer know how to be citizens, placing some of the blame on schools that teach in a "very twisted and jingoistic fashion". [20]

Discussing his presidential campaign in the video, Supreme describes his "joke humor" campaign as a response to the lies people are fed by the media and by the government. [20]

In an interview with New Hampshire magazine in 2018, Supreme labeled his political beliefs as "social anarchist" and opined that Peter Kropotkin "was a great anarchist thinker and writer". [22]

Political campaigns

Early political activity

In 1986, Supreme joined the Great Peace March for Global Nuclear Disarmament in protest of nuclear weapons. [2] Supreme's first political campaign was for Mayor of Baltimore in 1987. At the time, Supreme was without income, and later said that he ran "mainly to give myself a project...something to do." The election was won by Kurt Schmoke. [23]

Vermin Supreme speaking to crowds during the 2008 New Hampshire primary

Presidential campaigns

Supreme has run in every presidential election since 1992. [17]

2004

Supreme campaigned in the Washington, D.C. presidential primary in 2004, [24] where he received 149 votes. [25]

2008

Supreme campaigned in the New Hampshire Republican primary in 2008. He received 41 votes (0.02%) in the New Hampshire primary. According to the Federal Election Commission (FEC), he also received 43 votes nationally in the general election. [26]

2012

Supreme glitter bombs Randall Terry during a forum at the New Hampshire Institute of Politics at Saint Anselm College in December 2011. Vermin Supreme glitterbombs Randall Terry.jpg
Supreme glitter bombs Randall Terry during a forum at the New Hampshire Institute of Politics at Saint Anselm College in December 2011.

Supreme campaigned as a Democrat in the 2012 U.S. presidential election. [27] [28] [29] His candidacy was supported by the Good Humor Party.

On April 14, 2011, Supreme participated in the First Debate of the New Election Cycle at the IGLO Dissidents' Convention which also included Jimmy McMillan, Jill Stein, and others. [30] [31] He qualified to be listed on the 2012 Democratic Party primary ballot in New Hampshire. [32] On October 29, 2011, Supreme participated in a satirical debate against a representative of the campaign of deceased British occultist Aleister Crowley. [33] On December 19, he participated in the "Lesser-Known Democratic Candidates Presidential Forum", at the New Hampshire Institute of Politics at Saint Anselm College and "glitterbombed" fellow candidate Randall Terry. [34]

He was a candidate in the Iowa Democratic caucuses, and received 1.4% of the votes on January 3, 2012. [35] On January 10, 2012, in the Democratic Primary in New Hampshire, Supreme received 833 votes. (Barack Obama won the primary with 49,080 votes.) [36]

Supreme in 2011 Vermin Supreme (6544304867).jpg
Supreme in 2011

Supreme participated in the Anti-NATO protests at the May 20–21 Chicago NATO Summit. [37] [38] In May 2012, he visited the second largest regional high school in Maine to give a speech about his campaign style to a government class. [39] In June 2012, he participated in the Rainbow Gathering in Tennessee. [38]

Vermin Supreme, The Yes Men and monochrom's Johannes Grenzfurthner at HOPE 2012 Vermin Supreme, The Yes Men and monochrom's Johannes Grenzfurthner at HOPE 2012.jpg
Vermin Supreme, The Yes Men and monochrom's Johannes Grenzfurthner at HOPE 2012

On August 25, Supreme announced his new political party, the Free Pony Party, where he will give all citizens "a free pony" and that he has chosen fellow fringe opponent Jimmy McMillan as his running mate. Conversely, McMillan stated he was still running for president on his own Rent Is Too Damn High Party platform, and that Supreme would be McMillan's running mate. [40] In October, Supreme participated in a debate hosted by Peter Schiff in the Peter Schiff Radio Show, which featured a panel of overlooked presidential candidates including McMillan, independent write-in candidate Santa Claus, and write-in Republican presidential candidate Edgar Lawson. [41]

2016

Supreme attempted another presidential run in 2016. [42] He embarked on a tour of 20 cities to build support for his campaign and sought to qualify for matching funds from the Federal Election Commission (FEC). [42] [43] He filed as a candidate in the New Hampshire Democratic presidential primary on November 21, 2015. [44] He was not invited to return to the Lesser-Known Democratic Candidates Presidential Forum, due in part to him glitter bombing Randall Terry at the event in 2011. [45] Shortly before the primary, he was observed questioning Republican candidates Chris Christie and Ted Cruz through a bullhorn. Supreme engaged Christie in an informal debate over his free pony platform, during which he accused Christie of hating ponies, and asked Cruz whether he thought that water being used during waterboarding should include fluoride. [18] [46] [47]

Supreme received 256 votes in the primary on February 9, 2016, coming in fourth after former Maryland Governor Martin O'Malley, who had dropped out after the Iowa caucuses. [48]

On March 4, Supreme switched his affiliation to the Libertarian Party. [49] He received the vote of a single delegate in the first round of presidential nomination voting at the 2016 Libertarian National Convention.

2020

Vermin Supreme at Wikipedia Day NYC 2017 Vermin Supreme at Wikipedia Day NYC 2017.jpg
Vermin Supreme at Wikipedia Day NYC 2017

Supreme ran again for president in 2020, this time as a Libertarian. This marked the first time that Supreme ran a "legitimate" campaign, focusing on real rather than satirical issues and using the slogan "In On The Joke". [50] While Supreme continued to use satirical humor, he focused more on legitimate political issues. He called for ending foreign wars and voiced support for pardoning non-violent drug offenders, ending the war on drugs, and reducing incarceration, which he called his top priority. On the COVID-19 pandemic, Supreme criticized President Donald Trump, arguing that he should have paid better attention to the virus and have made testing more widely available. He satirically promised to make COVID-19 illegal and, in a play on his campaign promise to go back in time and "kill baby Hitler," vowed to go back in time and "kill baby COVID." He facetiously pledged to create "COVID-19 free zones" because "they work so well for things like guns and drugs." [51]

He won the Libertarian Presidential Preference Primary in New Hampshire on February 11, 2020. [52] [53] On March 3, 2020, Supreme was declared the winner of the Massachusetts primary. [54] He dropped out on May 23, 2020, after Jo Jorgensen received the Libertarian Party's nomination for president. Incidentally, Supreme's running mate Spike Cohen was chosen to be the Libertarian vice presidential nominee.

2024

Supreme is running again for president in 2024, this time for the Democratic nomination. Supreme has thus far obtained ballot access in one state for the Democratic primaries, New Hampshire. [55] On December 8, 2023, Supreme appeared at the Lesser-Known Candidates Forum hosted by Saint Anselm College in Manchester, New Hampshire. [56] Supreme placed fifth in the New Hampshire Democratic primary with 0.7% of the vote. [57] Supreme also appeared on the ballot for the Legal Marijuana Now Party's presidential nomination in Minnesota on March 5, 2024. [58] He placed fourth among five candidates with 15.08% of the vote. [59]

In June 2024, the US Pirate Party officially voted to endorse Supreme's candidacy for President. [60] He was also nominated by the Conservative Party of Delaware, and will appear on the general election ballot. [61]

Other campaigns

In 2018, Supreme expressed interest in running for Governor of Kansas. Although he did not live in the state, Kansas had very few strict requirements for running for office. Several teenagers taking advantage of the lack of requirements had filed to run for governor, and in order not to take any votes away from them, Supreme decided to run for Attorney General instead, becoming a challenger to incumbent Republican Derek Schmidt. The lack of requirements in order to run for office, as outlined in the state's Constitution, has been heralded by Supreme: "This is indeed a very interesting and attractive loophole," he said. "I think that’s a very good thing for democracy." Desarae Lindsay of Texas was named his campaign treasurer and would accompany him to his 2020 presidential campaign. Supreme was eventually disqualified from running on the basis of his non-residency in the state, his home address being in Massachusetts. [62] [63]

On August 24, 2020, Supreme announced that he would be launching a write-in campaign for the Libertarian nomination for the 2020 Massachusetts senatorial election. [64]

"Right to pony" during 2017 Clinton book tour

Supreme with a pony Vermin Supreme-w Pony (24348932539).jpg
Supreme with a pony

In December 2017 Hillary Clinton planned to visit Concord, New Hampshire, for a book tour promoting her new book What Happened . In advance of her presentation, Supreme planned a demonstration in front of the bookstore during the event. [65] The demonstration was to be a "pony protest" and include at least one pony. [66] Supreme has a history of making the election promise of ponies to constituents and has asserted that Clinton does not like ponies enough. [67] When Supreme sought a protest permit for his demonstration the police ordered the city to deny his request. [67]

In response, Supreme asserted his "right to pony" and retained Marc Randazza, an attorney with a reputation for advocacy of First Amendment rights, to represent him in suing the city of Concord for the permit. [66] The court found in favor of Supreme, issuing an injunction that the city give him a permit, allow him to protest the event, and allow him to bring ponies. [66] A stipulation was that Supreme had to pay for parking for ponies at the rate for cars. [68]

When Supreme presented the pony protest, there was a parade. [69] More than 1,000 people attended the book signing and protest. [70]

Filmography

List of acting performances in film and television
TitleYearRoleGenre
Subdue the Universe1997HimselfDocumentary
Winning New Hampshire2004HimselfDocumentary
2008 Uncut2008HimselfTV series
Vote Jesus: The Chronicles of Ken Stevenson (documentary)2009Ken StevensonFilm
Learnin' with Vermin2012HimselfEducational
Who Is Vermin Supreme? An Outsider Odyssey2014HimselfDocumentary
Rich Hall's Presidential Grudge Match2016HimselfDocumentary

Electoral history

2008 Republican presidential primaries

New Hampshire Republican presidential primary, 2008
CandidateVotes %
John McCain 88,57137.7%
Mitt Romney 75,54632.2%
Mike Huckabee 26,85911.4%
Rudy Giuliani 20,4398.7%
Ron Paul 18,3087.8%
Fred Thompson 2,8901.2%
Duncan Hunter 1,2170.51%
Alan Keyes 2030.086%
Stephen Marchuk1230.058%
Tom Tancredo 800.034%
Hugh Cort530.023%
Cornelius Edward O'Connor450.019%
Albert Howard440.0187%
Vern Wuensche440.0187%
Vermin Supreme410.0175%
John H. Cox 390.017%
Daniel Gilbert330.014%
James Creighton Mitchell Jr.300.013%
Jack Shepard270.011%
Mark Klein19< 0.01%
H. Neal Fendig Jr.13< 0.01%
Hudson Starnes5< 0.01%
Other2270.097%
Total votes234,851 100.00%

2016 Democratic presidential primaries

2016 Democratic presidential primaries [71]
CandidateVotes %
Hillary Clinton 16,917,85355.2%
Bernie Sanders 13,210,55043.1%
Martin O'Malley 110,4230.4%
Uncommitted101,4810.3%
Rocky De La Fuente 67,4680.2%
No Preference50,9900.2%
Scattering48,5760.2%
Willie Wilson 25,7960.2%
Paul T. Farrell Jr.21,6940.1%
Keith Russell Judd 20,3050.1%
Michael Steinberg 20,1260.1%
Henry Hewes 11,0620.065%
John Wolfe Jr. 7,3690.044%
Star Locke5,2020.031%
Steve Burke4,8930.029%
Lawrence "Larry Joe" Cohen2,4070.014%
Calvis L. Hawes2,0170.012%
James Valentine1,7260.01%
Uninstructed Delegation1,4880.0089%
Jon Adams4860.0029%
Vermin Supreme2680.0016%
Mark Stewart2360.0014%
David John Thistle2260.0013%
Graham Schwass143< 0.001%
Lloyd Thomas Kelso46< 0.001%
Mark Stewart Greenstein41< 0.001%
Eric Elbot36< 0.001%
William D. French29< 0.001%
Edward T. O'Donnell Jr.26< 0.001%
Robert Lovitt22< 0.001%
William H. McGaughey Jr.19< 0.001%
Edward Sonnino17< 0.001%
Steven Roy Lipscomb15< 0.001%
Sam Sloan 15< 0.001%
Brock C. Hutton14< 0.001%
Raymond Michael Moroz8< 0.001%
Write-in 60< 0.001%
Total votes30,633,131 100.00%

2020 Libertarian presidential primaries

2020 Libertarian presidential primaries
CandidateVotes %
Jacob Hornberger 9,17720.3%
Jo Jorgensen 5,11011.2%
Vermin Supreme4,2779.4%
Ken Armstrong3,5077.7%
Kim Ruff3,0307.7%
Adam Kokesh 2,8656.3%
Dan Behrman2,3925.3%
Max Abramson 2,0394.5%
Sam Robb1,9514.3%
Other7,19315.9%
Total votes45,306 100.00%

2024 Democratic Party primary in New Hampshire

New Hampshire Democratic primary, January 23, 2024 [72]
CandidateVotesPercentage
Joe Biden (incumbent; write-in)79,10063.8%
Dean Phillips 24,37719.7%
Marianne Williamson 5,0164.0%
Nikki Haley (write-in) (Republican)4,7603.8%
Donald Trump (write-in) (Republican)2,0791.7%
Derek Nadeau1,6161.3%
"Ceasefire" (write-in) [73] 1,5121.2%
Vermin Supreme 9120.7%
John Vail6850.6%
Robert F. Kennedy Jr. (write-in) (Independent)4390.4%
Donald Picard3710.3%
Paperboy Prince 3260.3%
Paul V. LaCava1760.1%
Jason Michael Palmer 1420.1%
President R. Boddie1360.1%
Mark Stewart Greenstein1330.1%
Bernie Sanders (write-in) (Independent)1250.1%
Terrisa Bukovinac 101<0.1%
Gabriel Cornejo86<0.1%
Stephen P. Lyons80<0.1%
Frankie Lozada73<0.1%
Tom Koos71<0.1%
Armando "Mando" Perez-Serrato68<0.1%
Star Locke59<0.1%
Raymond Michael Moroz52<0.1%
Eban Cambridge47<0.1%
Chris Christie (write-in) (Republican)41<0.1%
Richard Rist37<0.1%
Ron DeSantis (write-in) (Republican)33<0.1%
Vivek Ramaswamy (write-in) (Republican)2<0.1%
Other write-ins, reported as "scatter".1,3411.1%
Total:123,996100.00%

No delegates were awarded from the January New Hampshire primary.

Personal life

Supreme grew up near Boston, Massachusetts, [74] [75] and is the oldest of three children. [2] He graduated from Gloucester High School in 1979, then moved to Baltimore to attend the Maryland Institute College of Art. [76] He eventually dropped out of college and began booking bands for underground music clubs. [2] In a Youtube Live on 30 March 2024, Supreme revealed that he does not identify with Christianity, and he considers himself to be a rationalist. [77]

He legally changed his name to Vermin Supreme in the 1990s while still in Baltimore. [2]

In 2006, Supreme donated one of his kidneys to his mother, who was suffering from renal failure. [2]

Supreme is married and has no children. [2] He resides in Rockport, Massachusetts. [78]

See also

Notes

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    31. ↑ "Re: april 14 presidential debate in northampton, MA to kick off campaign 2012". Newsgroups.derkeiler.com. April 7, 2011. Archived from the original on July 26, 2012.
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    34. ↑ Ríos, Simón (December 20, 2011). "Lesser-known candidates bring colorful campaigns to St. Anselm". New Hampshire Union Leader . Archived from the original on March 8, 2012.
    35. ↑ Deeth, John (January 12, 2012). "Screw Iowa Fails Again". Des Moines Register. Archived from the original on July 10, 2012.
    36. ↑ "Summary Democratic President". New Hampshire Department of State . January 18, 2012. Archived from the original on June 29, 2012.
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    38. 1 2 Sullivan, James (September 2, 2012). "Vermin Supreme offers humorous take on politics". Boston.com. Archived from the original on May 16, 2021. Retrieved March 25, 2021.
    39. ↑ Svennjhami (May 30, 2012). "Presidential Candidate Visits High School". iReport . CNN. Archived from the original on June 6, 2012. The HS visited was Mount View High School in Thorndike, Maine. He introduced himself to the assembled students by saying: "I am Vermin Supreme and I am from the internet."
    40. ↑ Giunta, Eric (August 25, 2012). "Vermin Supreme Running for President with Jimmy 'Rent Is Too Damn High' McMillan". Sunshine State News. Archived from the original on October 14, 2012.
    41. ↑ "The Peter Schiff Show – 10/05/12". October 5, 2012. Archived from the original on May 26, 2022. Retrieved January 20, 2023.
    42. 1 2 Seitz-Wald, Alex (May 22, 2014). "Can a Zombie-Powered Presidential Candidate Go Legit?". National Journal . Archived from the original on May 22, 2014.
    43. ↑ Hofherr, Justine (May 27, 2014). "One 2016 Presidential Candidate Will Run on A 'Zombie-Powered' Platform. And He's from Mass". Boston.com. Archived from the original on May 29, 2014.
    44. ↑ Nick Reid (November 21, 2015). "Ben Carson and Vermin Supreme file for president on deadline day". The Concord Monitor. Archived from the original on November 25, 2015.
    45. ↑ Harper, Jennifer (January 18, 2016). "Inside the Beltway: Fringe candidate 'Vermin Supreme' banned from New Hampshire candidate forum". The Washington Times. Archived from the original on February 11, 2016.
    46. ↑ Fitzgerald, Thomas (February 9, 2016). "Vermin Supreme mocks Christie in N.H." Philly.com. Archived from the original on February 10, 2016.
    47. ↑ Rothkopf, Joanna (February 9, 2016). "Ted Cruz Gets Trolled by Pro-Pony Presidential Candidate Vermin Supreme". The Slot. Archived from the original on February 10, 2016.
    48. ↑ Kaplan, Rebecca (February 10, 2016). "Vermin Supreme finishes fourth in N.H. Democratic primaries". CBS. Archived from the original on November 14, 2020. Retrieved November 22, 2020.
    49. ↑ Jent, Greg (March 1, 2016). "Presidential Candidate Switches to the Libertarian Party". The Libertarian Republic. Archived from the original on March 26, 2016.
    50. ↑ De Leon, Andres (April 19, 2019). "2020: The Year of the Libertarians?". The Libertarian Republic. Archived from the original on April 25, 2019.
    51. ↑ Warren, Thomas (May 22, 2020). "Vermin Supreme Gets Satirically Serious in Libertarian Presidential Campaign". The Amarillo Pioneer. Archived from the original on November 14, 2020. Retrieved November 23, 2020.
    52. ↑ "Results - 2020 Libertarian Presidential Preference Primary". Libertarian Party of New Hampshire. January 14, 2020. Archived from the original on February 27, 2020. Retrieved February 7, 2020.
    53. ↑ Brown, Elizabeth Nolan (January 13, 2020). "More Holes in the 'Imminent Threat' Story on Soleimani". Reason . Archived from the original on January 14, 2020. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
    54. ↑ "PD43+ » Search Elections". PD43+. Archived from the original on June 16, 2020. Retrieved March 13, 2020.
    55. ↑ Porter, Steven (October 30, 2023). "Eccentric candidates 'part of the color' of N.H. primary process - The Boston Globe". The Boston Globe . Retrieved November 5, 2023.
    56. ↑ Robertson, Nick. "Paperboy Love Prince and Vermin Supreme: NH hears from lesser-known 2024 candidates". The Hill . Retrieved January 5, 2024.
    57. ↑ "Trump defeats Haley: New Hampshire 2024 primary results in full". The Guardian . January 24, 2024. Retrieved January 24, 2024.
    58. ↑ Winger, Richard (January 2, 2024). "Minnesota Legal Marijuana Now Party Will Hold State's First Presidential Primary for a Third Party". Ballot Access News. Retrieved January 2, 2024.
    59. ↑ "Unofficial Results Tuesday, March 5, 2024>Legal Marijuana Now". Office of the Minnesota Secretary of State .
    60. ↑ Mitch, Jolly (June 10, 2024). "ICYMI: VERMIN, PRIDE, A NEW BOARD". uspirates.org. Retrieved June 12, 2024.
    61. ↑ "General Election 11/5/2024". Delaware Elections. Retrieved September 13, 2024.
    62. ↑ Clarkin, Mary (March 30, 2018). "Supreme candidate could enter A.G. race". The Hutchinson News . Archived from the original on April 17, 2018.
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    64. ↑ Supreme, Vermin (August 24, 2020). "I am announcing a write-in campaign for the US Senate vote in the Libertarian primary". Twitter. Archived from the original on August 24, 2020. Retrieved August 25, 2020.
    65. ↑ Fisher, Damien (December 6, 2017). "Clinton book signing targeted by Vermin Supreme". www.nashuatelegraph.com. Archived from the original on December 24, 2017.
    66. 1 2 3
    67. 1 2 Vidal, Alex (December 9, 2017). "Surrender Hillary, We Have You Surrounded With Ponies". www.dangerous.com. Archived from the original on December 24, 2017.
    68. ↑ Maxwell, Mary W (December 10, 2017). "What Happened to Hillary? Ponies, Paynes, and How Obama Got Elected in 2008 - Gumshoe News". Gumshoe News. Archived from the original on December 24, 2017.
    69. ↑ Sutherland, Paige (December 5, 2017). "Vermin Supreme Hosts 'Pony Parade' Protest Outside Clinton Event In Concord". New Hampshire Public Radio . Archived from the original on December 24, 2017.
    70. ↑ Solomon, Dave (December 5, 2017). "Hillary draws more than 1,000 people, and a pony, to Concord book signing". UnionLeader.com. Archived from the original on December 24, 2017.
    71. ↑ Berg-Andersson, Richard E. (2016). Tony Roza (ed.). "Democratic Delegation 2016". thegreenpapers.com. Archived from the original on November 8, 2016.
    72. ↑ "2024 Democratic Presidential Primary Election Results". NH SOS. Retrieved February 2, 2024.
    73. ↑ Marrans, Daniel (January 22, 2024). "Pro-Palestine Activists Urge New Hampshire Voters To Write In 'Cease-Fire'". HuffPost.com. Retrieved January 23, 2024.
    74. ↑ Garance, Franke-Ruta (January 9, 2004). "Running Gag: A campaign veteran comes to the D.C. primary". Washington City Paper. Archived from the original on October 13, 2012. Retrieved February 20, 2016.
    75. ↑ Miller, Leslie F. (2009). Let Me Eat Cake: A Celebration of Flour, Sugar, Butter, Eggs, Vanilla, Baking Powder, and a Pinch of Salt . Simon & Schuster. p.  73. ISBN   9781416591979.
    76. ↑ "Vermin Love Supreme". idioideo.pleintekst.nl. Archived from the original on October 27, 2021. Retrieved December 2, 2020.
    77. ↑ Supreme, Vermin (March 30, 2024). "Vermin Supreme is High. Noon". youtube.com. Retrieved March 30, 2024.
    78. ↑ Writer, Dimitra Lavrakas Staff (November 28, 2015). "Rockporter Vermin Supreme on NH presidential primary ballot". Gloucester Daily Times. Retrieved May 6, 2024.
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