Third-party and independent candidates for the 2024 United States presidential election

Third-party and independent candidates for the 2024 United States presidential election

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This article lists third party and independent candidates, also jointly known as minor candidates, associated with the 2024 United States presidential election.

Polling as of October 2023 for third-party candidates in this election cycle has suggested the highest level of support for such a candidate since Ross Perot in 1992 and 1996. ^[1] Polls were especially high for Robert F. Kennedy Jr., as of May 2024, ^[2] who withdrew his candidacy in the Democratic Party primaries in October 2023 to run as an independent. ^[3]

General election candidates

Candidates with majority ballot access

See also: Ballot access in the 2024 United States presidential election

The following general election candidates currently have ballot access to at least 270 electoral votes, the minimum number required to attain the presidency. Ballot access deadlines vary from state to state.

Party	Presidential nominee	Vice presidential nominee	Campaign	States with ballot access	Ref.
Libertarian	Chase Oliver Nominee for U.S. Senator from Georgia in 2022 and sales executive	Mike ter Maat Economist and police officer	Website Campaign	Certified for ballot (35 states, 352 electors)   Petition awaiting certification (2 states, 36 electors)   Automatic write-in (5 states, 50 electors)   Not on ballot   State party rejected nominee (1 state, 4 electors)	[9]
Green	Jill Stein Nominee for U.S. president in 2012 and 2016 from Massachusetts	TBD	Website Campaign Listed as an independent in: AK, ID	Certified for ballot (22 states, 273 electors)   Petition awaiting certification (6 states, 68 electors)   Automatic write-in (8 states, 62 electors)   Not on ballot	[16]

Candidates with partial ballot access

The following general election candidates currently have ballot access to fewer than 270 electoral votes, the minimum number required to attain the presidency.

See also: Ballot access in the 2024 United States presidential election

Party	Presidential nominee	Vice presidential nominee	Campaign	States with ballot access	Ref.
Independent	Robert F. Kennedy Jr. Attorney and activist from New York	Nicole Shanahan Attorney and technologist from California	Website Campaign FEC filing [17] [18] [19] Additional party nominations: We the People Party (HI, IA, MS, NC) Natural Law Party (MI) American Independent Party (CA) Independent Party of Delaware (DE) Alliance Party (SC) Reform Party (FL)	Certified for ballot (12 states, 165 electors)   Petition awaiting certification (17 states, 225 electors)   Automatic write-in (5 states, 27 electors)   Not on ballot	[43] [44] [45]
Constitution Party	Randall Terry Activist and perennial candidate from Tennessee	Stephen Broden Pastor and political commentator from Texas	Website Campaign Additional party nominations: Constitution Party of Oregon (OR) [lower-alpha 1]	Certified for ballot (11 states, 114 electors)   Petition awaiting certification (2 states, 22 electors)   Automatic write-in (7 states, 59 electors)   Not on ballot   State party rejected nominee (2 states, 12 electors)	[48] [49]
Independent	Cornel West Academic and activist from California	Melina Abdullah Academic and activist from California	Website Campaign FEC filing [50] [51] [52] Additional party nominations: Aurora Party (AK) Oregon Progressive Party (OR) United Citizens Party (SC) Unity Party of Colorado [lower-alpha 2] (CO) Green Mountain Peace and Justice Party (VT) Justice for All Party (NC) Nebraska Legal Marijuana NOW Party (NE)	Certified for ballot (7 states, 44 electors)   Petition awaiting certification (3 states, 47 electors)   Registered write-in (1 state, 11 electors)   Automatic write-in (7 states, 59 electors)   Not on ballot	[53] [64]
Party for Socialism and Liberation	Claudia De la Cruz Activist from New York	Karina Garcia Activist from California	Website Campaign FEC filing [65] Additional party nominations: South Carolina Workers Party (SC) Listed as an independent in: ID, UT	Certified for ballot (4 states, 23 electors)   Petition awaiting certification (5 states, 71 electors)   Registered write-in (1 state, 11 electors)   Automatic write-in (7 states, 37 electors)   Not on ballot	[73] [74]
Constitution Parties of Utah and Nevada [lower-alpha 3]	Joel Skousen Survivalist and consultant from Utah	Rik Combs Businessman from Missouri	Website May 6, 2024	Certified for ballot (2 states, 12 electors)   Automatic write-in (9 states, 70 electors)   Not on ballot	[47]
American Solidarity Party	Peter Sonski Local politician from Connecticut	Lauren Onak Teacher from Florida	Website June 13, 2023 FEC filing [75]	Certified for ballot (2 states, 10 electors)   Registered write-in (2 states, 39 electors)   Automatic write-in (9 states, 70 electors)   Not on ballot	[79]
Approval Voting Party	Blake Huber Nominee for President in 2020 from Colorado	Andrea Denault Activist and political consultant from North Dakota	Website March 16, 2024	Certified for ballot (1 state, 10 electors)   Automatic write-in (9 states, 70 electors)   Not on ballot	[80]
Independent	Chris Garrity Environmentalist from New Hampshire	Cody Ballard	Website June 2, 2023 FEC filing [81]	Certified for ballot (1 state, 7 electors)   Registered write-in (1 state, 4 electors)   Automatic write-in (9 states, 70 electors)
Independent	Shiva Ayyadurai Entrepreneur from Massachusetts [lower-alpha 4]	Crystal Ellis Failed 2022 gubernatorial candidate from Nebraska	Website September 4, 2023 FEC filing [84]	Certified for ballot (1 state, 6 electors)   Petition awaiting certification (2 state, 24 electors)   Automatic write-in (8 states, 56 electors)   Not on ballot
Prohibition Party	Michael Wood Businessman and Prohibition National Committee member from California	John Pietrowski Prohibition National Committee member from Ohio	Website July 5, 2023 FEC filing [86]	Certified for ballot (1 state, 6 electors)   Automatic write-in (9 states, 70 electors)   Not on ballot	[88]
Independent	Lucifer “Justin Case” Everylove Marijuana Activist from New Hampshire	TBA		Certified for ballot (1 state, 6 electors)   Automatic write-in (9 states, 70 electors)   Not on ballot
Green Party of Alaska	Jasmine Sherman Landlord and Non-Profit Executive from North Carolina	Tanda BluBear Activist from California	Website December 2, 2021 FEC filing [89]	Certified for ballot (1 state, 3 electors)   Automatic write-in (9 states, 70 electors)   Not on ballot	[90]

Candidates without ballot access

Parties and candidates in this section have not attained ballot access in any states.

Notable parties:

• Pirate Party: Vermin Supreme (performance artist, presidential nominee); no vice presidential nominee ^[91]
• Socialist Party USA: Bill Stodden (nonprofit executive, ^[92] presidential nominee); Stephanie Cholensky (political activist, vice-presidential nominee) ^{[93] [92]}
• Socialist Equality Party: Joseph Kishore (SEP national secretary, presidential nominee); Jerry White (journalist, vice-presidential nominee) ^[94]
• Socialist Workers Party: Rachele Fruit (presidential nominee); Dennis Richter (vice-presidential nominee) ^{[lower-alpha 5] [95] [96]}
• Transhumanist Party: Tom Ross, (technology and political activist, presidential nominee); Daniel Twedt (nonprofit executive and perennial candidate, vice-presidential nominee) ^[97]
• Unity Party of America ^{[lower-alpha 6]} : Paul Noel Fiorino (perennial candidate, presidential nominee); Matthew May (vice-presidential nominee) ^[98]

Notable independents:

• Johnny Buss, co-owner of the Los Angeles Lakers ^{[99] [100] [101]}
• Joseph "Afroman" Foreman, rapper ^{[102] [103] [104]}
• Tom Hoefling (Activist, presidential nominee); Andy Prior (vice-presidential nominee) ^[105] with write-in access in Indiana (11 electors) ^[63]
• Taylor Marshall, Catholic podcaster and author ^{[102] [106]}
• Krist Novoselic, musician ^[107]
• Emanuel Pastreich, academic, think tank president ^[108]
• Robby Wells, former college football coach and perennial candidate ^{[109] [110]}

Nominating processes

Yard signs in Southington, Connecticut promoting third-party 2024 candidates.

Schedule

Third-party nomination schedule

Date	Party nomination event
May 9, 2023	Prohibition Party presidential nominating convention
June 1, 2023	American Solidarity Party online primary
April 6, 2024	Unity Party of America nominating convention
April 13, 2024	Unity Party of Colorado [lower-alpha 7] nominating convention
April 17, 2024	Natural Law Party nominating convention
April 27, 2024	Constitution Party nominating convention
May 23, 2024	Reform National Convention
May 25, 2024	Constitution Party of Oregon nominating convention
May 26, 2024	Libertarian National Convention
May 30, 2024	Approval Voting Party nominating convention
June 1, 2024	Pirate National Convention
June 23, 2024	Green Party of Alaska Nominating Meeting
August 15, 2024	Green National Convention
August 2024	Peace and Freedom Party state central committee meeting

Libertarian Party

Main article: 2024 Libertarian Party presidential primaries

The Libertarian Party is participating in several non-binding preference primaries in 2024. The party's presidential nominee will be chosen directly by delegates at the 2024 Libertarian National Convention, which is scheduled to be held on Memorial Day weekend from May 24 to 26, 2024, in Washington, D.C. ^{[111] [112]}

Prior to the LP 2024 National Convention, 39 candidates filed with the Federal Election Commission to run for the Libertarian Party presidential nomination in 2024. ^[113]

Nominee

2024 Libertarian Party nominee

Name		Born	Experience	Home state	Campaign Announcement date	Contests won	Popular vote	Running mate [lower-alpha 8]	Ref.
Chase Oliver		August 16, 1985 (age 38) Nashville, Tennessee	Nominee for U.S. Senator from Georgia in 2022 Candidate for GA-05 in 2020 Chair of the Atlanta Libertarian Party (2016–2017)	Georgia	Campaign Website April 5, 2023 FEC filing [114]	6 (IA, IN, AZ, OK, CT, NE)	3,498 (8.6%)	Mike ter Maat [115] [lower-alpha 9]	[117]

Eliminated at convention

This section includes candidates who filed paperwork with the Federal Election Commission with intent to run under the Libertarian Party and who met one or more of the following criteria: a) meet Wikipedia's notability guidelines; b) participated in at least three Libertarian Party-sponsored debates; or c) received non-trivial media coverage as a candidate in this election cycle.

Eliminated in convention balloting

Candidate		Born	Experience	Home state	Campaign announced Announcement date	Campaign suspended Suspension date	Contests won	Popular vote	Ref.
No preference/ None of the above/ Uncommitted		N/A				May 26, 2024 (eliminated in seventh balloting)	2 (NC, MA)	6,384 (15.7%)	[118]
Michael Rectenwald		January 29, 1959 (age 65) Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania	Author and Scholar Former New York University professor (2008–2019)	Pennsylvania	August 28, 2023 FEC filing [119]	May 26, 2024 (eliminated in sixth balloting)	2 (MS, AL)	943 (2.3%)	[120]
Mike ter Maat		June 20, 1961 (age 63) Portland, Oregon	Economist Former Hallandale Beach, Florida police officer Nominee for FL-20 in 2022	Virginia	April 18, 2022 FEC filing [121]	May 26, 2024 (eliminated during fifth balloting; endorsed Oliver during balloting) (ran for vice-president)	1 (PA)	589 (1.5%)
Lars Mapstead		August 14, 1969 (age 54) Monterey, California	Co-founder of Friend Finder Networks Founder of Fupa Games and Legendary Speed [122]	California	March 23, 2021 FEC filing [123] Running mate: Larry Sharpe [6]	May 26, 2024 (eliminated during fourth balloting; endorsed Oliver after his nomination)	2 (ME, NM)	1,226 (3.0%)	[124]
Joshua Smith		March 13, 1983 (age 41) Antioch, California	Vice Chair of the Libertarian National Committee (2022–2023)	Iowa	July 24, 2023 FEC filing [125]	May 26, 2024 (eliminated during third balloting)	1 (MN)	416 (1.0%)	[120]
Jacob Hornberger		January 28, 1950 (age 74) Laredo, Texas	Founder and President of the Future of Freedom Foundation Independent candidate for U.S. Senate from Virginia in 2002 Candidate for President in 2000 and 2020	Virginia	February 20, 2023 FEC filing [126]	May 26, 2024 (eliminated during second balloting)	0	2,043 (5.0%)	[120]
Charles Ballay		January 1, 1970 (age 54) New Orleans, Louisiana	Otolaryngologist	Louisiana	August 24, 2023 FEC filing [127]	May 26, 2024 (eliminated during initial balloting; endorsed Oliver after his nomination)	1 (CA)	22,337 (55.1%)	[128]
Art Olivier		August 24, 1957 (age 66) Lynwood, California	Nominee for U.S. Vice President in 2000 Nominee for Governor of California in 2006 Mayor of Bellflower, California (1998–1999)	California	December 11, 2023 FEC filing [129]	May 26, 2024 (eliminated during initial balloting)	0	5 (nil%)	[130]

Withdrew before the primaries

Former candidates in the 2024 Libertarian Party presidential primaries

Name	Born	Experience	Home state	Campaign announced	Campaign suspended	Campaign	Ref.
Joe Exotic	March 5, 1963 (age 60) Garden City, Kansas	Businessman and media personality Owner of the Greater Wynnewood Exotic Animal Park (1998–2018) Independent candidate for president in 2016 Candidate for Governor of Oklahoma in 2018	Texas	March 10, 2023	April 11, 2023 (running for the Democratic nomination) [131]	FEC filing [132]	[133]

Green Party

Main article: 2024 Green Party presidential primaries

The Green Party is holding a series of presidential primaries through which convention delegates will be awarded to candidates and will nominate the party's presidential ticket at the 2024 Green National Convention, ^[134] which is scheduled to take place as a virtual event from August 15 to 18, 2024. ^[135]

The individuals listed below are declared candidates who have filed paperwork with the Federal Election Commission with intent to run under the Green Party and who meet one or more of the following criteria: a) meet Wikipedia's notability guidelines; b) have participated (or have been invited to participate) in at least two Green Party-sponsored debates or c) have received non-trivial media coverage as a candidate in this election cycle.

Presumptive Green nominee for the 2024 presidential election

Name		Born	Experience	Home state	Campaign Announcement date	Contests won	Delegates	Popular vote	Running mate	Ref.
Jill Stein		May 14, 1950 (age 74) Chicago, Illinois	Nominee for president in 2012 and 2016 Member of the Lexington Town Meeting from the 2nd Precinct Activist	Massachusetts	Campaign November 9, 2023 FEC filing [136] [137]	23 (KS, PA, CA, IL, AZ, NY, WA, NV, TX, WI, CT, TN, OH, MD, NJ, NM, ME, UT, SC, WV, OR, IN, DC)	228 (93.4%)	16,597 (96.5%)	TBA	[138]

Other candidates in the 2024 Green Party presidential primaries

Name		Born	Experience	Home state	Campaign Announcement date	Contests won	Delegates	Popular vote	Running mate	Ref.
Other candidates formally recognized by GPUS [139]
Jasmine Sherman		August 17, 1985 (age 38) Queens, New York	Executive Director of Greater Charlotte Rise	North Carolina	February 18, 2022 FEC filing [140] [141]	None	10 (4.1%)	72 (0.4%)	Tanda Blubear [142]	[143] [144]
Jorge Zavala		unknown	Businessman	California	October 13, 2023 FEC filing [145]	None	None	18 (0.1%)		[146] [144]
Alternate ballot options:
None of the above		N/A				None	6 (2.5%)	505 (2.9%)

Constitution Party

Main article: 2024 Constitution Party presidential primaries

The Constitution Party held its presidential nominating convention on April 24–27, 2024, in Salt Lake City, Utah. ^{[147] [148]}

Eight candidates sought the nomination: ^[149]

• Daniel Clyde Cummings, perennial candidate from Wyoming ^[150]
• Louis C. Hook from Mississippi ^[151]
• Brandon McIntyre from Georgia ^[152]
• Joel Skousen, author and survivalist from Utah
• Ben Stewart
• Randall Terry, author, anti-abortion activist, and Democratic candidate for president in 2012 from Tennessee
• Samm Tittle, perennial candidate
• Paul Venable, nominee for U.S. Senator from Missouri in 2022

Jim Harvey of Georgia (who ultimately did not seek the nomination), Joel Skousen, and Randall Terry participated in an April 6 debate in Dearborn, Michigan. ^{[153] [154]}

Terry won the nomination by securing a majority in the first round. The votes largely broke down along geographic lines. Skousen, who is from Utah, received all 61 votes from the delegations of the Four Corners states, but only 19 votes from the rest of the country combined. The only state delegations he carried outside of the region were New Hampshire and West Virginia. Venable won the majority of votes from South Carolina and his home state of Missouri and Daniel Cummings won a plurality in his home state of Wyoming. The remaining ten delegations were all won by Terry. ^[149]

Pastor and political commentator Stephen Broden, who was running on a ticket with Terry, received the vice-presidential nomination via voice vote. ^[155]

Aside from the presidential nomination, much of the debate at the convention focused on an ultimately defeated amendment by Skousen to remove references to God from the party platform. ^[156]

2024 Constitution Party Presidential Nomination Vote

Candidate	Votes	Percentage
Randall Terry	144	54.55%
Joel Skousen	80	30.30%
Paul Venable	32	12.12%
Daniel Cummings	4	1.52%
Brandon McIntyre	2	0.76%
Samm Tittle	2	0.76%
Louis C. Hook	0	0.00%
Ben Stewart	0	0.00%
Total:	264	100.00%
Source: [157] [ better source needed ]

Constitution Party vice presidential nomination

Candidate	Votes	Percentage
Stephen Broden	Nominated via Voice Vote
Source: [155]

The Constitution Party received 60,023 votes in the 2020 election.

The Nevada and Utah state parties split with the national party and nominated Skousen. ^[158]

American Independent Party

The American Independent Party held a non-binding presidential preference primary in California on March 5, 2024. James Bradley was the only candidate listed on the ballot and defeated Andrew George Rummel, who was a recognized write-in candidate. ^{[159] [160]}

2024 California American Independent primary ^[161]

Candidate	Votes	Percentage
			James Bradley	45,565	99.96%
Andrew George Rummel (write-in)	16	0.04%
Total:	45,581	100.0%

On April 29, 2024, the party announced that it had nominated independent presidential candidate Robert F. Kennedy Jr. ^{[162] [163]}

Legal Marijuana Now Party

Main article: 2024 Minnesota Legal Marijuana Now presidential primary

The Legal Marijuana Now Party held its first-ever presidential nomination primary in Minnesota on Super Tuesday, March 5. This was the first presidential primary to be held in Minnesota for a third party since 1916. ^[164] Krystal Gabel withdrew from the race during Legal Marijuana Now Party's candidate filing discussions. When Gabel asked to be removed from the ballot, after early voting had started on January 19, 2024, the Minnesota Secretary of State's office stated that changes cannot be made to the list of candidates after the list was certified 63 days prior to the election, and Gabel's name remained on ballots. ^[165]

Five candidates appeared on the ballot:

• Edward Forchion, activist, and candidate for governor of New Jersey in 2021
• Rudy Reyes, archeologist, and national LMN Party chairperson
• Dennis Schuller, Minnesota LMN Party chairperson; former Richfield, Minnesota, municipal planning commission member (2011–2014)
• Vermin Supreme, performance artist, activist, and perennial candidate from Massachusetts; former Libertarian Party Judicial Committee member (2020–2022) (Also running for the Democratic nomination ) ^[166]
• Krystal Gabel, activist, and candidate for governor of Nebraska in 2018 (Withdrew January 26, 2024) ^[165]

Of Minnesota's three major political parties, all of which included a write in option for their 2024 nominating primaries, only the Legal Marijuana Now party submitted to the Secretary of State a write in name to be counted, singer-songwriter Willie Nelson. ^[167]

2024 Minnesota Legal Marijuana Now primary

Candidate	Votes	Percentage	Delegates
Krystal Gabel (withdrawn)	759	28.84%	-
Dennis Schuller	459	17.44%	7
Vermin Supreme	397	15.08%	6
Rudy Reyes	365	13.87%	5
Edward Forchion	168	6.38%	2
Willie Nelson (write-in)	19	0.72%	0
Other write-ins	465	17.67%	-
Total:	2,632	100.00%	20
Source: [168]

Gabel won a plurality of the vote (28.8%), but withdrew ahead of the primary. Of declared candidates, Dennis Schuller finished in the lead, with 17.4%. ^[169]

The party is also ballot-qualified in Nebraska, but no candidates qualified for the May 14 primary. ^[170]

Peace and Freedom Party

Main article: 2024 United States presidential election in California § Peace and Freedom primary

The Peace and Freedom Party held a non-binding preference primary in California on Super Tuesday, March 5. Claudia De la Cruz, the nominee of the Party for Socialism and Liberation, won the primary with a plurality, defeating Jasmine Sherman and Cornel West. ^[171] The party's presidential nominee will be chosen by the state central committee in August. ^[172]

2024 California Peace and Freedom primary ^[173]

Candidate	Votes	Percentage
			Claudia De la Cruz	6,430	47.0%
Cornel West	5,455	39.9%
Jasmine Sherman	1,795	13.1%
Total:	13,680	100.0%

American Solidarity Party

The American Solidarity Party announced on June 2, 2023, that Peter Sonski had won their party's online primary, which lasted from May 24 to June 1. Sonski was nominated in the first round of ranked-choice voting with 52%. Sonski then selected Lauren Onak as his vice president, who was then officially nominated via unanimous consent.

American Solidarity Party presidential nomination

Candidate	Votes	Percentage
Peter Sonski	328	52.5%
Jacqueline Abernathy	207	33.1
Joe Schriner	50	8.0
Larry Johnson	24	3.8
Erskine Levi	16	2.6
Total:	625	100.00%
Source: [174]

American Solidarity Party vice presidential nomination

Candidate	Votes	Percentage
Lauren Onak	Nominated via Unanimous Consent
Source: [175]

Approval Voting Party

The Approval Voting Party received 409 votes for president in 2020. ^[176] It is currently only ballot-approved in Colorado. ^[177] On March 16, the party nominated Blake Huber for president and Andrea Denault for vice president. ^[178]

Green Mountain Peace and Justice

The Green Mountain Peace and Justice Party is a regional ballot-qualified party in Vermont which has regularly nominated candidates for president since 1972. ^[179] It nominated Gloria La Riva, the PSL nominee, in 2020. She received 166 votes in Vermont. ^[176] On April 28, the party nominated independent candidate Cornel West for president. ^[180]

Natural Law Party

Michigan party

The Michigan Natural Law Party held its nominating convention on April 17, 2024, where it nominated independent candidate Robert F. Kennedy Jr. for President and Nicole Shanahan for Vice President. Party chairman Doug Dern claimed fellow independent candidate Cornel West also sought the party's ballot access. ^[181]

In 2020, the Michigan party nominated Alliance Party nominee Rocky De La Fuente, who received 2,986 votes in Michigan.

Florida party

The party is also presidential ballot-qualified in Florida. The Florida party did not nominate a candidate in the 2020 election. ^[182]

Prohibition Party

The Prohibition Party held its presidential nominating convention on May 8–9, 2023, in Buffalo, New York. Three candidates stood for nomination; Michael Wood was nominated on the first ballot. ^[183]

Prohibition Party presidential nomination

Candidate	Votes	Percentage
Michael Wood	8	61.5%
Zack Kusnir	4	30.8%
Scott Baier	0	0.0%
Jay Rockefeller (write-in)	1	7.7%
Total:	13	100.00%
Source: [184]

Prohibition Party vice presidential nomination

Candidate	Votes	Percentage
John Petrowski	Nominated via Unanimous Consent
Source: [184]

Unity Party

The Bill Hammons-led faction of the Unity Party of America nominated Paul Noel Fiorino and Matthew May for president and vice president respectively at the 7th United National Convention over Google Meet on April 6, 2024. ^[98]

However, the Colorado faction of the party, which has the party's ballot access, met on April 13, 2024, and nominated independent candidate Cornel West for president and his running mate, Melina Abdullah for vice president. ^{[185] [186] [ better source needed ]}

Unity Party of Colorado Presidential Nomination

Candidate	Percentage
Cornel West	95%
Paul Noel Fiorino	5%
Total:	100.00%
Source: [186]

Withdrew before convention:

• Bill Hammons, co-founder and chairman of the Unity Party; nominee for president in 2020 ^[187]
• Donnie Harold Harris, business owner and write-in candidate for governor of Indiana in 2012 ^[187]

The party is currently only ballot-approved in Colorado. ^[177] In 2020, party co-founder Bill Hammons was on the ballot in three states and received 6,647 votes. ^[176]

Alliance Party

The Alliance Party received 88,236 votes for president in 2020. ^[176] It and its affiliates are ballot-qualified in Alaska, Connecticut, and South Carolina. ^{[188] [189] [190]}

Green Party of Alaska

The Green Party of Alaska, which is unaffiliated with the Green Party of the United States is ballot-qualified in Alaska. ^[189] The party nominated Jesse Ventura for president in 2020 and received 2,673 votes. ^[191]

Jasmine Sherman and Tanda BluBear were nominated as president and vice president, respectively. ^{[90] [ better source needed ]}

The party has hosted a series of debates featuring the following candidates seeking the nomination: ^[192]

• Joseph "Afroman" Foreman, rapper and independent candidate for president ^{[102] [103] [193]}
• Brittany Jones, veteran and unaffiliated candidate for president from Oregon ^[194]
• Jasmine Sherman, Executive Director of Greater Charlotte Rise and Green Party candidate for president from North Carolina ^{[195] [144]}
• Dashaun "Daví" Davis, activist and Green Party candidate for president ^[196]
• Emanuel Pastreich, president of the Asia Institute, academic, author, and withdrawn Green Party candidate for president from Massachusetts ^{[197] [198]}
• Rollan Roberts, businessman and Republican candidate for president ^[199]
• Jay Torres, Republican candidate for president ^[200]
• Wayne Pope, veteran and Democratic candidate for president ^[201]
• Suzzanna Tanner, independent candidate for president ^[202]
• Susan Buchser-Lochocki, voting rights activist and unregistered candidate for president ^[203]

Liberal Party

The Liberal Party, formerly the Association of State Liberty Parties, has qualified state parties in Massachusetts and New Mexico which were, until 2022, affiliated with the national Libertarian Party. ^{[204] [205]} These parties received a combined 59,598 votes in the 2 states.

Potential candidates

• Chase Oliver, 2024 Libertarian Party nominee for president ^[206]
• Charles Ballay, 2024 Libertarian presidential candidate ^[206]
• Robert F. Kennedy Jr., 2024 independent presidential candidate ^[206]

Withdrawn candidates

The following notable individual(s) announced and then suspended their campaigns before the election:

• Kanye West, rapper, candidate for president in 2020 (campaign) ^[207] (endorsed Trump)

Declined to be candidates

No Labels

Main article: No Labels § 2024 presidential ticket

The following individuals have declined to be candidates for the No Labels unity ticket. On April 4, 2024, the organization announced it would not run a presidential campaign. ^[208]

• Andy Beshear, Governor of Kentucky (2019–present), Attorney General of Kentucky (2016–2019) (endorsed Biden) ^[209]
• Bill Cassidy, U.S. Senator from Louisiana (2015–present) ^[210]
• Chris Christie, former Governor of New Jersey (2010–2018), Republican candidate for president in 2016 and 2024 ^[211]
• Nikki Haley, former U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations (2017–2018) and Governor of South Carolina (2011–2017) (ran as a Republican) ^[212]
• Larry Hogan, former Governor of Maryland (2015–2023) ^[213] (endorsed Haley; ^[214] running for U.S. Senate) ^[215]
• Jon Huntsman Jr., U.S. Ambassador to Russia (2017–2019), U.S. Ambassador to China (2009–2011), Governor of Utah (2005–2009), Republican candidate for president in 2012 ^{[216] [217]}
• Will Hurd, U.S. Representative from TX-23 (2015–2021) ( ran as a Republican; endorsed Haley) ^[218]
• Joe Manchin, U.S. Senator from West Virginia (2010–present), Governor of West Virginia (2005–2010), West Virginia Secretary of State (2001–2005) ^{[219] [220]}
• William H. McRaven, Commander of the United States Special Operations Command (2011–2014) and Chancellor of the University of Texas System (2015–2018) ^[218]
• Pat McCrory, former Governor of North Carolina (2013–2017), Mayor of Charlotte, North Carolina (1995–2009), candidate for U.S. Senator from North Carolina in 2022 ^{[216] [221]}
• David Petraeus, Director of the Central Intelligence Agency (2011–2012), commander of the International Security Assistance Force (2010–2011), commander of United States Central Command (2008–2010). ^[218]
• Dean Phillips, U.S. Representative from MN-03 (2019–present) and CEO of Phillips Distilling Company (2000–2012) ( ran as a Democrat; endorsed Biden) ^{[222] [223]}
• Condoleezza Rice, United States Secretary of State (2005–2009) and United States National Security Advisor (2001–2005) ^[218]
• Mitt Romney, U.S. Senator from Utah (2019–present), Governor of Massachusetts (2003–2007), Republican candidate for president in 2008 and nominee in 2012 ^{[224] [225]}
• Kyrsten Sinema, U.S. Senator from Arizona (2019–present), U.S. Representative from AZ-09 (2013–2019) ^{[216] [226]}
• Chris Sununu, Governor of New Hampshire (2017–present) (initially endorsed Haley and later endorsed Trump) ^{[227] [228]}
• Andrew Yang, co-chair of the Forward Party (2022–present), Democratic candidate for president in 2020 and for mayor of New York City in 2021 ^{[229] [230]} (endorsed Phillips) ^[231]

Third party

The following notable individuals have been the subject of speculation about their possible candidacies, but have publicly denied interest in running.

• Justin Amash, former United States Representative from MI-03 (2011–2021), member of the Michigan House of Representatives from the 72nd district (2009–2011) (running for U.S. Senate) ^{[120] [232]}
• Mark Cuban, investor and entrepreneur ^[233] (endorsed Biden) ^[234]
• Jamie Dimon, chairman and CEO of JPMorgan Chase ^[235]
• Howie Hawkins, co-founder of the Green Party and Green/Socialist nominee for president in 2020 ^{[236] [237]}
• Dwayne Johnson, actor, businessman and professional wrestler ^[238]
• Vivek Ramaswamy, executive chairman of Strive Asset Management (2022–2023) and CEO of Roivant Sciences (2014–2021) (ran as a Republican; endorsed Trump) ^{[239] [240]}
• Dave Smith, stand-up comedian, libertarian political commentator, podcaster ^{[241] [242]}

Debates and forums

The Muslim Civic Coalition hosted a forum featuring Green Jill Stein and independent Cornel West on February 3 in Oak Brook, Illinois. The organization claimed all presidential candidates were invited to attend. ^[243]

The Libertarian Party of California hosted two multiparty debates at their state convention February 24–25. The first night featured Libertarian candidates Michael Rectenwald and Mike ter Maat and independent candidate Robert F. Kennedy Jr. Green candidate Jill Stein was advertised as attending but ultimately did not. ^[244] The second night featured Libertarian candidates Charles Ballay, Lars Mapstead, and Jacob Hornberger alongside independent candidate Cornel West. ^[245]

Free & Equal Elections Foundation hosted a multiparty debate on February 29, 2024, moderated by the foundation's chair, Christina Tobin. Candidates were chosen via a point system style voting through the organization's "block-chain voting app" with an audit process after the fact. Socialism and Liberation nominee Claudia De la Cruz, independent candidates Cornel West and Robert F. Kennedy Jr., Libertarian candidates Chase Oliver and Lars Mapstead, and Green candidates Jill Stein and Jasmine Sherman were invited, although Kennedy and West declined to attend. ^{[246] [247]} The two hour debate was broadcast on YouTube, Rumble, and C-SPAN among various other platforms. At one point, co-moderator Jason Michael Palmer remarked on the five candidates' relative agreement on social issues, although the debate became more combative towards the end. ^[248] Jasmine Sherman won the organization's post-debate ranked choice voting poll. ^[249]

Ballot access

Main article: Ballot access in the 2024 United States presidential election

Polling

Main articles: Nationwide opinion polling for the 2024 United States presidential election and Statewide opinion polling for the 2024 United States presidential election

2024 hypothetical polling

Hypothetical polling with third-party and independent candidates

Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size	Joe Biden	Donald Trump	Nikki Haley	Cornel West	Robert F. Kennedy Jr	Joe Manchin	Jill Stein	Other	Undecided	Margin
NPR/PBS/Marist	July 9–10, 2024	954 (LV)	45%	45%	–	2%	6%	–	1%	–	1%	Even
The Economist/YouGov	July 7–9, 2024	1440 (RV)	40%	43%	–	1%	4%	–	1%	3% [lower-alpha 10]	8%	Trump +3%
The Economist/YouGov	July 7–9, 2024	1440 (RV)	38% (Kamala Harris)	42%	–	1%	5%	–	2%	6% [lower-alpha 11]	7%	Trump +5%
ABC News/Washington Post/Ipsos	July 5−9, 2024	2041 (RV)	42%	43%	–	2%	10%	–	2%	3%	–	Trump +1%
Redfield & Wilton	July 8, 2024	1500 (RV)	42%	43%	–	–	6%	–	–	2%	6%	Trump +1%
Redfield & Wilton	July 8, 2024	1500 (RV)	37% (Kamala Harris)	44%	–	–	8%	–	–	3% [lower-alpha 12]	6%	Trump +7%
Emerson College	July 7–8, 2024	1370 (RV)	39.9%	43.7%	–	1.2%	6.1%	–	0.8%	–	8.4%	Trump +3.8%
Pew Research	July 1–7, 2024	7729 (RV)	40%	44%	–	–	15%	–	–	2%	–	Trump +4%
Data For Progress/Split Ticket	July 1–3, 2024	2067 (LV)	40%	41%	–	1%	10%	–	1%	1% (Chase Oliver)	6%	Trump +1%
J.L. Partners/Daily Mail	July 1–3, 2024	1000 (LV)	37%	43%	–	2%	7%	–	2%	2% (Chase Oliver)	7%	Trump +6%
Cygnal	July 1–2, 2024	1500 (LV)	38.1%	43.5%	–	2.1%	7.1%	–	2.0%	–	7.2%	Trump +5.4%
The Economist/YouGov	June 30 – July 2, 2024	1386 (RV)	40%	42%	–	1%	5%	–	1%	3% [lower-alpha 13]	8%	Trump +2%
GBAO/WSJ/Fabrizio Lee	June 29 – July 2, 2024	1500 (RV)	36%	42%	–	2%	7%	–	2%	1% (Chase Oliver)	11%	Trump +6%
CBS News/YouGov	June 28 – July 2, 2024	2815 (LV)	40%	44%	–	2%	11%	–	3%	0%	0%	Trump +4%
NY Times/Siena	June 28 – July 2, 2024	1532 (LV)	37%	42%	–	<0.5%	8%	–	2%	3% [lower-alpha 14]	6%	Trump +5%
Florida Atlantic/Mainstreet Research	June 29–30, 2024	869 (LV)	39%	42%	–	–	10%	–	–	4%	5%	Trump +3%
HarrisX/Forbes	June 28–30, 2024	1192 (LV)	38%	43%	–	–	14%	–	–	–	4%	Trump +5%
CNN/SSRS	June 28–30, 2024	1045 (RV)	35%	41%	–	2%	14%	–	3%	4% [lower-alpha 15]	–	Trump +6%
Suffolk University/USA Today	June 28–30, 2024	1000 (RV)	38%	41%	–	1%	8%	–	1%	2% [lower-alpha 16]	8%	Trump +3%
Harvard/Harris	June 28–30, 2024	2090 (RV)	35%	43%	–	2%	10%	–	1%	–	9%	Trump +8%
Big Village	June 28–30, 2024	723 (LV)	41.2%	41.6%	–	0.9%	8.7%	–	–	1.2% (I would not vote)	6.5%	Trump +0.4%
Patriot Polling	June 27–29, 2024	1029 (RV)	40.5%	44.3%	–	–	11.2%	–	–	–	4.0%	Trump +3.8%
On Point Politics/SoCal Research	June 27, 2024	600 (RV)	35%	41%	–	2%	8%	–	2%	1% (Chase Oliver)	10%	Trump +6%
	June 27, 2024	First presidential debate between Trump and Biden is held
Atlas/CNN Brazil	June 26–28, 2024	1634 (RV)	40.3%	45.5%	–	0.7%	10.3%	–	0.5%	0.8% (Won't vote)	2.0%	Trump +5.2%
I&I/Tipp	June 26–28, 2024	1244 (RV)	40%	39%	–	2%	10%	–	1%	2%	5%	Biden +1%
The Economist/YouGov	June 23–25, 2024	1403 (RV)	42%	42%	–	0%	4%	–	1%	2% [lower-alpha 17]	8%	Even
NY Times/Siena	June 20–25, 2024	1226 (LV)	37%	40%	–	<0.5%	7%	–	2%	3% [lower-alpha 18]	9%	Trump +3%
Leger/New York Post	June 22–24, 2024	873 (LV)	38%	38%	–	2%	7%	–	2%	–	13%	Even
Quinnipiac	June 20–24, 2024	1405 (RV)	37%	43%	–	2%	11%	–	2%	3% [lower-alpha 19]	2%	Trump +6%
America's New Majority/McLaughlin	June 20–24, 2024	2000 (RV)	38.8%	40.3%	–	1.6%	8.3%	–	1.0%	0.5% (Chase Oliver)	9.5%	Trump +1.5%
McLaughlin & Associates	June 18–24, 2024	1000 (LV)	37%	39%	–	2%	10%	–	2%	1.0% (Chase Oliver)	9%	Trump +2%
ActiVote	June 5–21, 2024	2192 (LV)	42.1%	43.7%	–	–	14.2%	–	–	–	–	Trump +1.6%
The Economist/YouGov	June 16–18, 2024	1392 (RV)	42%	42%	–	1%	4%	–	1%	3% [lower-alpha 20]	8%	Even
Redfield & Wilton	June 16–17, 2024	1500 (RV)	41%	41%	–	–	7%	–	–	2%	8%	Even
Fox News	June 14–17, 2024	1095 (RV)	43%	42%	–	2%	10%	–	2%	–	1%	Biden +1%
Ipsos/Reuters	June 12, 2024	930 (RV)	37%	38%	–	–	10%	–	–	6% (I wouldn't vote)	10%	Trump +1%
Redfield & Wilton	June 11–12, 2024	1500 (RV)	41%	40%	–	–	7%	–	–	7%	3%	Biden +1%
NPR/PBS/Marist	June 10–12, 2024	963 (LV)	43%	44%	–	2%	9%	–	1%	0% (Chase Oliver)	1%	Trump +1%
Echelon Insights	June 10–12, 2024	1013 (LV)	42%	43%	–	2%	7%	–	2%	–	3%	Trump +1%
The Economist/YouGov	June 9–11, 2024	1398 (RV)	40%	42%	–	1%	3%	–	1%	3% [lower-alpha 21]	9%	Trump +2%
SSRS/Vanderbilt	June 7–10, 2024	1031 (A)	30%	33%	–	–	10%	–	–	16% [lower-alpha 22]	12%	Trump +3%
Big Village	June 7–9, 2024	1423 (LV)	42.5%	42.2%	–	1.4%	7.4%	–	–	0.8% (I would not vote)	5.7%	Biden +0.3%
Cygnal	June 4–6, 2024	1500 (LV)	38.4%	41.2%	–	2.3%	8.4%	–	1.8%	–	7.9%	Trump +2.8%
Emerson College	June 4–5, 2024	1000 (RV)	38%	44%	–	1%	6%	–	1%	–	9%	Trump +6%
The Economist/YouGov	June 2–4, 2024	1565 (RV)	42%	42%	–	1%	3%	–	1%	2% [lower-alpha 23]	8%	Even
ActiVote	May 23 – June 4, 2024	1775 (LV)	41.6%	45.4%	–	–	13.1%	–	–	–	–	Trump +3.8%
Ipsos/Reuters	May 30–31, 2024	2135 (RV)	39%	37%	–	–	10%	–	–	5% (I wouldn't vote)	8%	Biden +2%
HarrisX/Forbes	May 30–31, 2024	1006 (RV)	38%	40%	–	1%	11%	–	1%	–	8%	Trump +2%
I&I/Tipp	May 29–31, 2024	1675 (RV)	38%	38%	–	1%	10%	–	2%	2%	9%	Even
The Economist/YouGov	May 25–28, 2024	1546 (RV)	40%	41%	–	1%	4%	–	1%	3% [lower-alpha 24]	10%	Trump +1%
McLaughlin & Associates/Lawrence Kadish	May 21–23, 2024	1000 (LV)	38%	42%	–	2%	9%	–	2%	1% (Lars Mapstead)	6%	Trump +4%
NPR/PBS/Marist	May 21–23, 2024	907 (LV)	43%	46%	–	2%	5%	–	2%	–	2%	Trump +3%
Emerson College	May 21–23, 2024	1100 (RV)	39%	44%	–	1%	6%	–	1%	–	10%	Trump +5%
The Economist/YouGov	May 19–21, 2024	1558 (RV)	40%	41%	–	1%	5%	–	1%	4% [lower-alpha 25]	10%	Trump +1%
Independent Center	May 16–21, 2024	1000 (RV)	39%	42%	–	–	13%	–	–	–	6%	Trump +3%
ActiVote	May 6–21, 2024	1153 (LV)	42.1%	44.9%	–	–	13%	–	–	–	–	Trump +2.8%
Quinnipiac	May 16–20, 2024	1374 (RV)	41%	38%	–	2%	14%	–	2%	2% [lower-alpha 26]	2%	Biden +3%
Harvard/Harris X	May 15–16, 2024	1660 (RV)	39%	43%	–	–	12%	–	–	–	5%	Trump +4%
Cygnal	May 14–16, 2024	1500 (LV)	37.7%	40.8%	–	2.3%	8.8%	–	2.4%	–	8.0%	Trump +3.1%
Echelon Insights	May 13–16, 2024	1023 (LV)	38%	43%	–	1%	9%	–	3%	–	6%	Trump +5%
McLaughlin & Associates	May 9–15, 2024	1000 (LV)	36%	38%	–	3%	11%	–	2%	1% (Lars Mapstead)	9%	Trump +2%
Marquette Law	May 6–15, 2024	624 (LV)	41%	44%	–	2%	11%	–	2%	–	–	Trump +3%
America's New Majority/McLaughlin & Associates	May 10–14, 2024	2000 (RV)	37.6%	39.3%	–	1.9%	8.9%	–	1.4%	0.6% (Lars Mapstead)	10.3%	Trump +1.8%
Redfield & Wilton	May 13, 2024	1155 (LV)	43%	42%	–	–	5%	–	–	–	6%	Biden +1%
Ipsos	May 7–13, 2024	1730 (RV)	37%	35%	–	–	5%	–	–	7% [lower-alpha 27]	17%	Biden +2%
RMG Research	May 6–9, 2024	2000 (RV)	42%	39%	–	–	11%	–	–	3%	6%	Biden +3%
Big Village	May 3–8, 2024	2867 (LV)	41.9%	40.6%	–	1.2%	8.8%	–	–	0.6% (I would not vote)	6.9%	Biden +1.3%
I&I/Tipp	May 1–3, 2024	1264 (RV)	39%	38%	–	1%	12%	–	1%	2%	7%	Biden +1%
Redfield & Wilton	May 1, 2024	1133 (LV)	41%	43%	–	–	7%	–	–	–	5%	Trump +2%
Suffolk University/USA Today	April 30 – May 3, 2024	1000 (RV)	36.7%	37.1%	–	1.6%	8.0%	–	1.2%	3.3% [lower-alpha 28]	12.1%	Trump +0.4%
Reuters/Ipsos	April 29–30, 2024	856 (RV)	39%	38%	–	–	8%	–	–	6% (I wouldn't vote)	9%	Biden +1%
ActiVote	April 13–30, 2024	1025 (LV)	41.2%	44.4%	–	–	14.4%	–	–	–	–	Trump +3.2%
Florida Atlantic/Mainstreet Research	April 26–28, 2024	851 (LV)	43.7%	39.5%	–	–	11.0%	–	–	2.5%	3.4%	Biden +4.2%
Harvard/Harris X	April 24–25, 2024	1961 (RV)	37%	44%	–	1%	10%	–	1%	–	6%	Trump +7%
NPR/PBS/Marist	April 22–25, 2024	1199 (RV)	42%	42%	–	2%	11%	–	2%	–	2%	Even
CNN/SSRS	April 18–23, 2024	967 (RV)	33%	42%	–	4%	16%	–	3%	2% [lower-alpha 29]	1%	Trump +9%
Quinnipiac	April 18–22, 2024	1429 (RV)	37%	37%	–	3%	16%	–	3%	2% [lower-alpha 30]	2%	Even
Marist College	April 16–18, 2024	1047 (RV)	43%	38%	–	2%	14%	–	2%	–	1%	Biden +5%
Emerson College	April 16–17, 2024	1308 (RV)	39.9%	43.5%	–	1.0%	7.6%	–	0.4%	–	7.6%	Trump +3.6%
NBC News	April 12–16, 2024	1000 (RV)	39%	37%	–	2%	13%	–	3%	1% Would not vote	3%	Biden +2%
McLaughlin & Associates	April 10–16, 2024	1000 (LV)	36%	38%	–	2%	10%	–	2%	2% (Lars Mapstead)	9%	Trump +2%
Echelon Insights	April 12–14, 2024	1020 (LV)	41%	40%	–	2%	11%	–	2%	–	4%	Biden +1%
ActiVote	March 24 – April 10, 2024	1083 (LV)	40.7%	44.0%	–	–	15.3%	–	–	–	–	Trump +3.3%
Redfield & Wilton	April 6–7, 2024	4000 (RV)	41%	41%	–	–	9%	–	–	–	6%	Even
I&I/Tipp	April 3–5, 2024	1265 (RV)	38%	38%	–	2%	11%	–	1%	2%	9%	Even
Emerson College	April 2–3, 2024	1438 (RV)	42.0%	43.2%	–	0.7%	7.8%	–	0.5%	–	5.8%	Trump +1.2%
Big Village	March 29–31, 2024	1425 (LV)	41.9%	39.7%	–	1.8%	7.8%	–	–	0.6% (I would not vote)	8.1%	Biden +2.2%
Trafalgar	March 29–31, 2024	1092 (LV)	39.8%	43.1%	–	1.7%	11.4%	–	0.8%	–	3.1%	Trump +3.3%
Data For Progress	March 27–29, 2024	1200 (LV)	41%	42%	–	1%	8%	–	1%	–	6%	Trump +1%
NPR/PBS/Marist	March 25–28, 2024	1199 (RV)	43%	41%	–	1%	11%	–	2%	–	1%	Biden +2%
Marquette Law	March 18–28, 2024	614 (LV)	41%	41%	–	4%	13%	–	2%	–	–	Even
HarrisX/Forbes	March 25, 2024	1010 (RV)	37%	40%	–	1%	12%	–	1%	–	8%	Trump +3%
Fox News	March 22–25, 2024	1094 (RV)	38%	43%	–	2%	12%	–	2%	1% (Wouldn't vote)	2%	Trump +5%
Quinnipiac	March 21–25, 2024	1407 (RV)	38%	39%	–	3%	13%	–	4%	1% (Refused)	2%	Trump +1%
Daily Mail/J.L. Partners	March 20–24, 2024	1000 (LV)	39%	43%	–	2%	7%	–	1%	–	8%	Trump +4%
Echelon Insights	March 18–21, 2024	1006 (LV)	40%	43%	–	1%	10%	–	2%	–	4%	Trump +3%
Harvard/Harris X	March 20–21, 2024	2111 (RV)	36%	41%	–	1%	14%	–	2%	–	6%	Trump +5%
McLaughlin & Associates	March 9–14, 2024	1000 (LV)	34%	38%	–	2%	12%	2%	2%	–	9%	Trump +4%
Big Village	March 8–13, 2024	1518 (LV)	39.5%	40.9%	–	1.8%	8.5%	–	–	1.0% (Would not vote)	8.2%	Trump +1.4%
Reuters/Ipsos	March 7–13, 2024	4094 (A)	31%	32%	–	–	16%	–	–	10% (I wouldn't vote)	11%	Trump +1%
Suffolk University/USA Today	March 8–11, 2024	1000 (RV)	38%	40%	–	2%	9%	2% (No Labels candidate)	2%	1% (Libertarian candidate)	5%	Trump +2%
HarrisX	March 8–10, 2024	2017 (RV)	35%	41%	–	1%	12%	–	1%	–	10%	Trump +6%
Emerson College	March 5–6, 2024	1350 (RV)	41.5%	43.2%	–	1.6%	6.0%	–	0.5%	–	7.2%	Trump +1.7%
Redfield & Wilton	March 2, 2024	1500 (LV)	39%	43%	–	–	9%	–	–	–	7%	Trump +4%
I&I/Tipp	February 28 – March 1, 2024	1246 (RV)	38%	38%	–	2%	9%	–	1%	3%	9%	Even
G Squared Public Strategies/Third Way	February 27 – March 1, 2024	2000 (LV)	36%	36%	8% [lower-alpha 31]	–	13%	–	–	–	7%	Even
Fox News	February 25–28, 2024	1262 (RV)	38%	41%	–	3%	13%	–	2%	<1%	2%	Trump +3%
Fox News	February 25–28, 2024	1262 (RV)	35%	–	28%	5%	24%	–	2%	3% [lower-alpha 32]	2%	Biden +7%
HarrisX	February 24–28, 2024	3021 (RV)	36%	40%	–	2%	11%	–	1%	–	10%	Trump +4%
GBAO/WSJ/Fabrizio Lee	February 21–28, 2024	1745 (RV)	35%	40%	–	2%	9%	–	1%	1% (Lars Mapstead)	12%	Trump +5%
HarrisX	February 20–23, 2024	3010 (RV)	40%	42%	–	2%	12%	–	1%	–	11%	Trump +2%
Harvard/HarrisX	February 21–22, 2024	2022 (RV)	33%	42%	–	1%	14%	–	1%	–	8%	Trump +9%
Quinnipiac	February 15–19, 2024	1421 (RV)	38%	37%	–	3%	15%	–	3%	1% (Wouldn't vote)	2%	Biden +1%
Quinnipiac	February 15–19, 2024	1421 (RV)	35%	–	27%	5%	24%	–	3%	4% [lower-alpha 33]	2%	Biden +8%
	February 16, 2024	Manchin announces he won't run for president
Emerson College	February 13–14, 2024	1225 (RV)	37.9%	40.2%	–	1.4%	6.7%	–	1.3%	–	12.5%	Trump +2.3%
Echelon Insights	February 12–14, 2024	1015 (LV)	37%	42%	–	2%	8%	2%	2%	–	6%	Trump +5%
Redfield & Wilton	February 10, 2024	??? (LV)	41%	42%	–	–	8%	–	–	3%	6%	Trump +1%
Marquette Law	February 5–15, 2024	628 (LV)	40%	43%	–	1%	14%	–	1%	<1%	–	Trump +3%
Atlas Intel	February 2–7, 2024	1637 (RV)	42.3%	43.9%	–	0.1%	5.2%	–	–	5.2% [lower-alpha 34]	4.7%	Trump +1.6%
Atlas Intel	February 2–7, 2024	1637 (RV)	41%	–	23%	0.5%	11.4%	–	–	13.9% [lower-alpha 34]	10.2%	Biden +18%
Atlas Intel	February 2–7, 2024	1637 (RV)	41.6% (Michelle Obama)	39%	–	0%	5.1%	–	–	4% [lower-alpha 34]	10.3%	Obama +2.6%
Survey USA	January 31 – February 2, 2024	1500 (RV)	40%	45%	13%	–	–	–	–	–	3%	Trump +5%
Survey USA	January 31 – February 2, 2024	1500 (RV)	36%	43%	11%	–	9%	–	–	–	2%	Trump +7%
Survey USA	January 31 – February 2, 2024	1500 (RV)	36%	41%	10%	1%	10%	–	–	–	2%	Trump +5%
I&I/Tipp	January 31 – February 2, 2024	1266 (RV)	34%	40%	–	2%	8%	1%	3%	3% [lower-alpha 35]	10%	Trump +6%
YouGov/UMass	January 25–30, 2024	989 (LV)	39%	43%	–	–	9%	–	–	4%	4%	Trump +4%
McLaughlin & Associates	January 25–31, 2024	1000 (LV)	34%	39%	–	2%	9%	2%	2%	–	12%	Trump +5%
Emerson College	January 26–29, 2024	1260 (RV)	36.9%	41.7%	11.8%	–	–	–	–	–	9.6%	Trump +4.8%
Emerson College	January 26–29, 2024	1260 (RV)	39.2%	41.4%	–	0.8%	4.9%	–	0.8%	–	13%	Trump +2.2%
Quinnipiac	January 25–29, 2024	1650 (RV)	39%	37%	–	3%	14%	2%	–	2% [lower-alpha 36]	3%	Biden +2%
Quinnipiac	January 25–29, 2024	1650 (RV)	36%	–	29%	3%	21%	2%	–	5% [lower-alpha 37]	3%	Biden +7%
Reuters/Ipsos	January 22–24, 2024	1250 (RV)	30%	36%	–	–	8%	–	–	12% [lower-alpha 38]	13%	Trump +6%
Harvard/HarrisX	January 17–18, 2024	2346 (RV)	31%	42%	–	2%	15%	–	2%	–	8%	Trump +11%
Echelon Insights	January 16–18, 2024	1029 (LV)	35%	41%	–	2%	11%	2%	3%	–	6%	Trump +6%
Messenger/Harris X	January 16–17, 2024	1045 (RV)	37%	40%	–	2%	11%	–	1%	–	9%	Trump +3%
Cygnal	January 11–12, 2024	2000 (LV)	41.4%	41.5%	–	–	10.2%	–	–	–	6.9%	Trump +.1%
Reuters/Ipsos	January 3–9, 2024	4677 (A)	29%	30%	–	–	18%	–	–	11% (I wouldn't vote)	13%	Trump +1%
I&I/Tipp	January 3–5, 2024	1247 (RV)	34%	37%	–	2%	8%	1%	1%	5% [lower-alpha 39]	11%	Trump +3%

2023 hypothetical polling

Hypothetical polling with third-party and independent candidates

Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size	Joe Biden	Donald Trump	Cornel West	Robert F. Kennedy Jr	Joe Manchin	Jill Stein	Other	Undecided	Margin
USA Today/Suffolk University	December 26–29, 2023	1000 (LV)	33.9%	37.2%	2.4%	9.5%	1.3%	–	3.9% [lower-alpha 40]	11.1%	Trump +3.3%
Daily Mail/J.L. Partners	December 15–20, 2023	984 (LV)	36%	40%	1%	4%	–	0%	8%	10%	Trump +4%
McLaughlin & Associates	December 13–19, 2023	1000 (LV)	34%	36%	2%	10%	3%	2%	–	13%	Trump +2%
Quinnipiac	December 14–18, 2023	1647 (RV)	36%	38%	3%	16%	–	3%	2% [lower-alpha 41]	3%	Trump +2%
Echelon Insights	December 12–16, 2023	1012 (LV)	36%	41%	1%	9%	–	1%	4% (Mark Cuban)	8%	Trump +5%
Harvard/Harris	December 13–14, 2023	2034 (RV)	33%	41%	2%	15%	–	2%	–	7%	Trump +8%
Fox News	December 10–13, 2023	1007 (RV)	37%	41%	2%	14%	–	3%	2% [lower-alpha 42]	2%	Trump +4%
Redfield & Wilton	December 8, 2023	1135 (LV)	38%	43%	–	9%	–	–	3%	7%	Trump +5%
Rasmussen	December 6–10, 2023	892 (LV)	32%	40%	–	16%	–	–	6%	6%	Trump +8%
Reuters/Ipsos	December 5–11, 2023	4411 (A)	31%	36%	–	16%	–	–	7% (I wouldn't vote)	10%	Trump +5%
Cygnal	December 5–7, 2023	2000 (LV)	41.9%	42.7%	–	9.3%	–	–	–	6.1%	Trump +0.8%
Cygnal	December 5–7, 2023	2000 (LV)	41.3%	41.0%	–	8.0%	3.3%	–	–	6.4%	Biden +0.3%
Emerson College	December 4–6, 2023	1000 (RV)	36.7%	43.4%	0.7%	6.5%	–	1.1%	–	11.5%	Trump +6.7%
CNN/SSRS	November 29 – December 6, 2023	1197 (RV)	31%	39%	6%	20%	–	–	2% [lower-alpha 43]	2%	Trump +8.0%
Wall Street Journal	November 29 – December 4, 2023	1500 (RV)	31%	37%	3%	8%	3%	2%	1% (Lars Mapstead)	14%	Trump +6.0%
Big Village	November 27 – December 3, 2023	2219 (LV)	36.3%	41.8%	2.8%	11.7%	–	–	1.4% (I would not vote)	5.9%	Trump +5.5%
I&I/Tipp	November 29 – December 1, 2023	1301 (RV)	33%	38%	2%	11%	–	2%	4%	10%	Trump +5.0%
Messenger/HarrisX	November 22–28, 2023	4003 (RV)	33%	41%	2%	13%	–	–	–	11%	Trump +8.0%
Emerson College	November 17–20, 2023	1475 (RV)	36%	42%	1%	7%	–	1%	–	13%	Trump +6.0%
McLaughlin & Associates	November 16–20, 2023	1000 (LV)	32%	36%	4%	12%	3%	2%	–	12%	Trump +4.0%
Messenger/HarrisX	November 15–19, 2023	3017 (RV)	33%	40%	2%	14%	–	–	–	11%	Trump +7.0%
Harvard/HarrisX	November 15–16, 2023	2851 (RV)	33%	41%	2%	16%	–	2%	–	6%	Trump +8.0%
Reuters/Ipsos	November 13–14, 2023	1006 (A)	30%	32%	–	20%	–	–	8% (I wouldn't vote)	10%	Trump +2.0%
Fox News	November 10–13, 2023	1001 (RV)	35%	40%	–	13%	5%	4%	–	2%	Trump +5.0%
Fox News	November 10–13, 2023	1001 (RV)	35%	41%	3%	15%	–	3%	2% [lower-alpha 44]	2%	Trump +6.0%
Quinnipiac	November 9–13, 2023	1574 (RV)	35%	38%	3%	17%	–	3%	1% (Wouldn't vote)	2%	Trump +3.0%
	November 9, 2023	Stein declares her Green Party candidacy
Rasmussen	November 8–12, 2023	987 (LV)	39%	38%	–	12%	–	–	–	11%	Biden +1.0%
Democracy Corps	November 5–11, 2023	500 (RV)	37%	45%	0%	9%	3% (Manchin-Hogan)	–	5% [lower-alpha 45]	–	Trump +8.0%
Big Village	October 30 – November 5, 2023	1497 (LV)	37.1%	40.1%	1.7%	12.4%	–	–	1.4%	7.3%	Trump +3%
New York Times/Siena	October 22 – November 3, 2023	3662 (LV) [lower-alpha 46]	34%	36%	–	22%	–	–	1%	5%	Trump +2%
I&I/TIPP	November 1–3, 2023	1242 (RV)	39%	37%	2%	9%	–	–	4%	8%	Biden +2%
CNN/SSRS	October 27 – November 2, 2023	1271 (RV)	35%	41%	4%	16%	–	–	2%	1%	Trump +6%
Cygnal	October 30 – November 1, 2023	2000 (LV)	40.4%	39.4%	–	11.9%	–	–	–	8.2%	Biden +1%
HarrisX/The Messenger	October 30 – November 1, 2023	2021 (RV)	36%	41%	2%	11%	–	–	–	10%	Trump +5%
American Pulse	October 27–30, 2023	568 (LV)	38.9%	39.3%	–	11.3%	–	–	2.6%	7.9%	Trump +.4%
Quinnipiac	October 26–30, 2023	1610 (RV)	36%	35%	6%	19%	–	–	2%	2%	Biden +1%
Redfield & Wilton	October 29, 2023	1183 (LV)	38%	40%	–	10%	–	–	3% [lower-alpha 47]	10%	Trump +2%
Echelon Insights	October 23–26, 2023	1029 (LV)	35%	38%	1%	12%	–	–	8% (No Labels party candidate)	7%	Trump +3%
McLaughlin & Associates	October 22–26, 2023	1000 (LV)	35%	38%	2%	12%	–	–	–	13%	Trump +3%
Abacus Data	October 24–25, 2023	1500 (RV)	39%	39%	–	8%	–	–	5%	10%	Even
SP&R	October 17–23, 2023	1000 (A)	47%	40%	–	6%	–	–	3%	4%	Biden +7%
HarrisX/The Messenger	October 16–23, 2023	3029 (RV)	35%	38%	2%	12%	–	–	–	12%	Trump +3%
USA Today/Suffolk	October 17–20, 2023	1000 (RV)	37%	36%	4%	13%	–	–	–	8%	Biden +1%
Harvard/HarrisX	October 18–19, 2023	2116 (RV)	31%	39%	3%	18%	–	–	–	9%	Trump +8%
LPTAD	October 16–19, 2023	1000 (LV)	35%	35%	3%	13%	–	–	–	12%	Even
YouGov/Yahoo	October 12–16, 2023	1122 (RV)	40%	39%	–	9%	–	–	2%	9%	Biden +1%
Zogby Analytics	October 13–15, 2023	869 (LV)	41.2%	42.6%	3.7%	12.5%	–	–	–	–	Trump +1.4%
MNA	October 11–17, 2023	3318 (LV)	36.9%	37.9%	–	14.2%	–	–	8.6%	2.4%	Trump +1%
NPR/PBS/Marist	October 10–11, 2023	1218 (RV)	44%	37%	–	16%	–	–	–	3%	Biden +7%
	October 9, 2023	Kennedy declares his Independent candidacy
Fox News	October 6–9, 2023	1007 (RV)	41%	41%	–	16%	–	–	2% [lower-alpha 48]	1%	Even
Fox News	October 6–9, 2023	1007 (RV)	43%	45%	9%	–	–	–	2% [lower-alpha 49]	2%	Trump +2%
Cygnal	October 3–5, 2023	3000 (LV)	38.8%	39.6%	–	12.3%	–	–	–	9.3%	Trump +0.8%
Reuters/Ipsos	October 3–4, 2023	1005 (A)	31%	33%	–	14%	–	–	9%	13%	Trump +2%
Echelon Insights	September 25–28, 2023	1011 (LV)	36%	40%	–	14%	–	–	–	10%	Trump +4%
John Zogby Strategies	September 23–24, 2023	1008 (LV)	38%	38%	–	19%	–	–	5%	–	Even
Mclaughlin & Associates	September 22–26, 2023	1000 (LV)	36%	40%	4%	–	6%	–	–	14%	Trump +4%
Mclaughlin & Associates	September 22–26, 2023	1000 (LV)	38%	43%	6%	–	–	–	–	13%	Trump +5%
Gravis	September 19–20, 2023	1262 (LV)	40%	41%	2%	–	–	–	4% (Lars Mapstead)	13% (Other or undecided)	Trump +1%
Emerson College	September 17–18, 2023	1125 (RV)	42%	43%	4%	–	–	–	–	11%	Trump +1%
YouGov	September 7–18, 2023	3098 (RV)	45%	43%	–	–	2%	–	5% [lower-alpha 50]	5%	Biden +2%
PRRI	August 25–30, 2023	2525 (RV)	41%	37%	5%	–	10%	–	–	6%	Biden +4%
PRRI	August 25–30, 2023	2525 (RV)	38%	43%	4%	–	–	–	10% (Larry Hogan)	7%	Trump +5%
Wall Street Journal	August 24–30, 2023	1500 (RV)	39%	40%	2%	–	–	–	1% (Lars Mapstead)	17%	Trump +1%
Emerson College	August 25–26, 2023	1000 (RV)	39%	44%	4%	–	–	–	–	13%	Trump +5%
Mclaughlin & Associates	August 15–23, 2023	1000 (LV)	41%	42%	6%	–	–	–	–	11%	Trump +1%
Mclaughlin & Associates	August 15–23, 2023	1000 (LV)	38%	39%	5%	–	7%	–	–	12%	Trump +1%
Emerson College	August 16–17, 2023	1000 (RV)	41%	42%	5%	–	–	–	–	13%	Trump +1%
McLaughlin & Associates	July 19–24, 2023	1000 (LV)	38%	40%	6%	–	5%	–	–	12%	Trump +2%
McLaughlin & Associates	July 19–24, 2023	1000 (LV)	40%	42%	5%	–	–	–	–	13%	Trump +2%
Reuters/Ipsos	July 11–17, 2023	4414 (A)	31%	31%	–	18%	–	–	9%	10%	Even
Echelon Insights	June 26–29, 2023	1020 (LV)	42%	43%	4%	–	–	–	–	11%	Trump +1%
Emerson College	June 19–20, 2023	1015 (RV)	40%	41%	6%	–	–	–	7%	6%	Trump +1%
	June 14, 2023	West declares his candidacy
Data For Progress	May 25 – June 5, 2023	1625 (LV)	44%	44%	–	–	–	–	6% (Larry Hogan)	7%	Even
Echelon Insights	May 22–25, 2023	1035 (LV)	41%	42%	–	–	9%	–	–	8%	Trump +1%
RMG Research	May 22–24, 2023	1000 (RV)	35%	37%	–	–	12%	–	4%	12%	Trump +2%

See also

• 2024 Republican Party presidential candidates
• 2024 Democratic Party presidential candidates
• 2024 United States presidential election
• Timeline of the 2024 United States presidential election

Notes

1. unaffiliated with national Constitution Party
2. Disaffiliated from Unity Party of America
3. State parties in Utah and Nevada disaffiliated with the national party, and nominated Skousen
4. Ayyadurai is not eligible to serve as president as he is not a natural-born citizen, but he claims he can run for office.
5. Margaret Trowe was originally named the party's vice-presidential nominee but withdrew due to health issues
6. The Unity Party of Colorado, which is the only affiliate with ballot access, disaffiliated with the national party and nominated Independent Cornel West for President
7. Disaffiliated with Unity Party of America
8. While the Presidential and Vice-Presidential nominations occur separately, Presidential candidates often make known their preferred Vice Presidential nominees should they receive the nomination
9. Originally was announced as Kristin Alexander ^[116]
10. Includes:
    • 1% for other
    • 2% for I would not vote
11. Includes:
    • 3% for other
    • 3% for I would not vote
12. Includes:
    • 2% for won't vote
    • 1% for other
    • 1% for Chase Oliver
13. Includes:
    • 2% for I would not vote
    • 1% for other
14. Includes:
    • 2% for "Not going to vote/wouldn't vote if those were the choices"
    • 1% for Chase Oliver
15. Includes:
    • 3% for do not plan to vote
    • 1% for Chase Oliver
16. Includes:
    • 1% for Chase Oliver
    • 1% for refused
17. Includes:
    • 1% for other
    • 1% for I would not vote
18. Includes:
    • 2% for "Not going to vote/wouldn't vote if those were the choices"
    • 1% for Chase Oliver
    • <1% for another candidate
19. Includes:
    • 1% for Chase Oliver
    • 1% for someone else
    • 1% for wouldn't vote
20. Includes:
    • 2% for I would not vote
    • 1% for other
21. Includes:
    • 2% for I would not vote
    • 1% for other
22. Includes:
    • 8% for someone else
    • 8% for I would not vote
23. Includes:
    • 1% for Other
    • 1% for I would not vote
24. Includes:
    • 2% for "I would not vote"
    • 1% for other
25. Includes:
    • 3% for "I would not vote"
    • 1% for "other"
26. Includes:
    • 1% for wouldn't vote
    • 1% for refused
27. Includes:
    • 4% for "other candidate"
    • 3% for "would not vote"
28. Includes:
    • 1.7% for the "Libertarian party candidate"
    • 1.6% for "refused"
29. Includes:
    • 1% for other
    • 1% for "do not plan to vote"
30. Includes:
    • 1% for wouldn't vote
    • 1% for refused
31. Listed as Haley and Phillips
32. Includes
    • 2% for "wouldn't vote"
    • 1% for other
33. Includes:
    • 2% for "wouldn't vote"
    • 1% for "someone else"
    • 1% for "refused"
34. For "blank or null vote/won't vote
35. Includes:
    • 2% for "other"
    • 1% for Lars Mapstead
36. Includes:
    • "Wouldn't vote" at 1%
    • "Refused" at 1%
37. Includes:
    • "Wouldn't vote" at 3%
    • "Someone else" at 1%
    • "Refused" at 1%
38. Includes:
    • "I wouldn't vote" at 10%
    • "Dean Phillips (independent)" at 2%
39. Includes:
    • "Other" at 4%
    • Lars Mapstead at 1%
40. Includes:
    • "Lars Mapstead" at 2.3%
    • "No-Labels candidate" at 1.6%
41. Includes:
    • "Wouldn't vote" at 1%
    • "Someone else" at 1%
42. Includes:
    • 1% for "wouldn't vote"
    • 1% for "other"
43. Includes:
    • "Other" at 1%
    • "Do not plan to vote" at 1%
44. Includes:
    • "Wouldn't vote" at 1%
    • "Other" at 1%
45. Includes:
    • "Other" at 2%
    • "Chase Oliver" at 2%
    • "Green Party Candidate" at 1%
46. Only included voters from the "battleground" states of Arizona, Georgia, Michigan Nevada, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin
47. Includes:
    • "Other (Libertarian)" at 1%
    • "Other (Another Third Party/Write-In)" at 1%
    • "Won't vote" at 1%
48. Includes:
    • "Other" at 1%
    • "Wouldn't Vote" at 1%
49. Includes:
    • "Other" at 1%
    • "Wouldn't Vote" at 1%
50. Includes:
    • "Another Candidate" at 3%
    • "I would not vote" at 2%

Ballot access

1. Oliver on the ballot in: ^[4]
   • Alaska (3)
   • Arkansas (6)
   • Arizona (11)
   • California (54)
   • Colorado (10) ^[5]
   • Connecticut (7)
   • Delaware (3)
   • Florida (30)
   • Georgia (16)
   • Hawaii (4)
   • Idaho (4)
   • Indiana (11)
   • Iowa (6)
   • Kansas (6)
   • Louisiana (8)
   • Maine (4)
   • Maryland (10)
   • Michigan (15)
   • Mississippi (6)
   • Missouri (10)
   • Nebraska (5)
   • Nevada (6)
   • New Mexico (5) ^[6]
   • North Carolina (16)
   • North Dakota (3)
   • Oklahoma (7)
   • Oregon (8)
   • South Carolina (9)
   • South Dakota (3)
   • Texas (40)
   • Utah (6)
   • Vermont (3)
   • West Virginia (4)
   • Wisconsin (10)
   • Wyoming (3)
2. Petitioned to be on the ballot in:
   • Illinois (19) ^[7]
   • Ohio (17) ^[4]
3. Libertarian Party write-in states:
   • Alabama (9)
   • New Hampshire (4)
   • New Jersey (14)
   • Pennsylvania (19)
   • Rhode Island (4)
4. Rejected nominee states:
   • Montana (4) ^[8]
5. Stein on the ballot in: ^[4]
   • Arizona (11)
   • Arkansas (6)
   • California (54)
   • Colorado (10)
   • Washington, D.C. (3)
   • Florida (30)
   • Georgia (16) ^[10]
   • Hawaii (4)
   • Idaho (4) (as independent)
   • Louisiana (8)
   • Maine (4)
   • Michigan (15)
   • Mississippi (24)
   • Montana (4)
   • New Mexico (5)
   • North Carolina (16)
   • Oregon (8)
   • South Carolina (9)
   • Texas (40)
   • Utah (6)
   • West Virginia (4)
   • Wisconsin (10)
6. Petitioned to be on the ballot in:
   • Alaska (3) (as independent) ^{[11] [ better source needed ]}
   • Illinois (19) ^[7]
   • Indiana (11) ^[12]
   • Nevada (6) ^[13]
   • Ohio (17) ^[14]
   • Washington (12) ^[15]
7. Stein write-in states:
   • Alabama (9)
   • New Hampshire (4)
   • New Jersey (14)
   • Iowa (6)
   • Pennsylvania (19)
   • Rhode Island (4)
   • Vermont (3)
   • Wyoming (3)
8. Kennedy on the ballot in: ^[4]
   • California (54) ^[20]
   • Delaware (3) ^[21]
   • Florida (30) ^{[22] [23]}
   • Hawaii (4) ^{[24] [25]}
   • Indiana (11) ^[26]
   • Michigan (15) ^[4]
   • Minnesota (10) ^[27]
   • New Mexico (5) ^[6]
   • Oklahoma (7) ^[28]
   • South Carolina (9) ^[29]
   • Tennessee (11) ^[23]
   • Utah (6) ^{[30] [31]}
9. Kennedy petitioned to be on the ballot in:
   • Alaska (3) ^[32]
   • Colorado (10) ^[33]
   • Georgia (16) ^[34]
   • Idaho (4) ^[4]
   • Illinois (19) ^[35]
   • Iowa (6) ^[4]
   • Mississippi (6) ^[23]
   • Nebraska (5) ^[4]
   • Nevada (6) ^[36]
   • New Hampshire (4) ^[4]
   • New Jersey (14) ^[37]
   • New York (28) ^[38]
   • North Carolina (16) ^[4]
   • Ohio (17) ^[39]
   • Pennsylvania (19) ^[40]
   • Texas (40) ^{[41] [23]}
   • Washington (12) ^[42]
10. Kennedy write-in states:
    • Alabama (9)
    • Oregon (8)
    • Rhode Island (4)
    • Vermont (3)
    • Wyoming (3)
11. Constitution Party on the ballot in: ^[4]
    • Alaska (3)
    • Colorado (10)
    • Florida (30)
    • Idaho (4)
    • Michigan (15)
    • Mississippi (6)
    • North Carolina (16) ^[46]
    • Oregon (8)
    • South Carolina (9)
    • Wisconsin (10)
    • Wyoming (3)
12. Constitution Party petitioned to be on the ballot in:
    • Delaware (3) ^[4]
    • Illinois (19) ^[7]
13. Constitution Party write-in states:
    • Alabama (9)
    • Iowa (6)
    • New Hampshire (4)
    • New Jersey (14)
    • Pennsylvania (19)
    • Rhode Island (4)
    • Vermont (3)
14. ^[47]
    • Nevada (6)
    • Utah (6)
15. Cornel West on the ballot in:
    • Alaska (3, as Aurora Party) ^[53]
    • Colorado (10, as Unity Party) ^[54]
    • Nebraska (5, as Nebraska Legal Marijuana NOW Party) ^[55]
    • Oregon (8, as Progressive Party) ^[56]
    • South Carolina (9, as United Citizens Party) ^{[57] [58]}
    • Utah (6) ^[4]
    • Vermont (3, as Green Mountain Peace and Justice Party) ^[59]
16. West petitioned to be on the ballot in:
    • Georgia (16) ^[60]
    • Michigan (15) ^[61]
    • North Carolina (16) ^[62]
17. West write-in states:
    • Indiana (11) ^[63]
18. West write-in states:
    • Alabama (9)
    • Iowa (6)
    • New Hampshire (4)
    • New Jersey (14)
    • Pennsylvania (19)
    • Rhode Island (4)
    • Wyoming (3)
19. De la Cruz on the ballot in:
    • Hawaii (4) ^[24]
    • Idaho (4)
    • South Carolina (9, as South Carolina Workers Party)
    • Utah (6) ^[66]
20. De la Cruz petitioned to be on the ballot in:
    • Georgia (16) ^[67]
    • New Jersey (14) ^[68]
    • New Mexico (5) ^[69]
    • Pennsylvania (19) ^[70]
    • Ohio (17) ^[71]
21. De la Cruz registered write-in in:
    • Indiana (11) ^[72]
22. De la Cruz write-in states:
    • Alabama (9)
    • Iowa (6)
    • New Hampshire (4)
    • New Jersey (14)
    • Oregon (8)
    • Rhode Island (4)
    • Vermont (3)
    • Wyoming (3)
23. Constitution Party offshoots on the ballot in:
    • Nevada (6)
    • Utah (6)
24. Constitution Party offshoots write-in states:
    • Alabama (9)
    • Iowa (6)
    • New Hampshire (4)
    • New Jersey (14)
    • Oregon (8)
    • Pennsylvania (19)
    • Rhode Island (4)
    • Vermont (3)
    • Wyoming (3)
25. American Solidarity Party on the ballot in:
    • Arkansas (6) ^[76]
    • Hawaii (4)
26. American Solidarity Party registered write-in in:
    • Indiana (11) ^[77]
    • New York (28) ^[78]
27. American Solidarity Party write-in states:
    • Alabama (9)
    • Iowa (6)
    • New Hampshire (4)
    • New Jersey (14)
    • Oregon (8)
    • Pennsylvania (19)
    • Rhode Island (4)
    • Vermont (3)
    • Wyoming (3)
28. Approval Voting Party on the ballot in:
    • Colorado (10)
29. Approval Voting Party write-in states:
    • Alabama (9)
    • Iowa (6)
    • New Hampshire (4)
    • New Jersey (14)
    • Oregon (8)
    • Pennsylvania (19)
    • Rhode Island (4)
    • Vermont (3)
    • Wyoming (3)
30. Garrity certified in:
    • Oklahoma (7) ^[82]
31. Garrity registered write-in in:
    • West Virginia (4) ^[83]
32. Garrity write-in states:
    • Alabama (9)
    • Iowa (6)
    • New Hampshire (4)
    • New Jersey (14)
    • Oregon (8)
    • Pennsylvania (19)
    • Rhode Island (4)
    • Vermont (3)
    • Wyoming (3)
33. Ayyadurai on the ballot in:
    • Utah (6) ^[85]
34. Ayyadurai awaiting certification in:
    • Colorado (10) ^[33]
    • New Jersey (14) ^[68]
35. Ayyadurai write-in states:
    • Alabama (9)
    • Iowa (6)
    • New Hampshire (4)
    • Oregon (8)
    • Pennsylvania (19)
    • Rhode Island (4)
    • Vermont (3)
    • Wyoming (3)
36. Prohibition Party on the ballot in:
    • Arkansas (6) ^[87]
37. Prohibition Party write-in states:
    • Alabama (9)
    • Iowa (6)
    • New Hampshire (4)
    • New Jersey (14)
    • Oregon (8)
    • Pennsylvania (19)
    • Rhode Island (4)
    • Vermont (3)
    • Wyoming (3)
38. Everylove on the ballot in:
    • Utah (6) ^[85]
39. Everylove write-in states:
    • Alabama (9)
    • Iowa (6)
    • New Hampshire (4)
    • New Jersey (14)
    • Oregon (8)
    • Pennsylvania (19)
    • Rhode Island (4)
    • Vermont (3)
    • Wyoming (3)
40. Sherman on the ballot in:
    • Alaska (3) ^[90]
41. Sherman write-in states:
    • Alabama (9)
    • Iowa (6)
    • New Hampshire (4)
    • New Jersey (14)
    • Oregon (8)
    • Pennsylvania (19)
    • Rhode Island (4)
    • Vermont (3)
    • Wyoming (3)

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External links

• View all third party and independent candidates filed with the Federal Election Commission