Nationwide opinion polling for the 2024 United States presidential election

Last updated

This is a list of nationwide public opinion polls that were conducted relating to the general election for the 2024 United States presidential election. Those named in the polls were declared candidates or had received media speculation about their possible candidacy.

Contents

Polling aggregation

The following head-to-head polls feature some of the individuals who officially declared their candidacies. The incumbent president, Joe Biden, won the Democratic primaries. On July 21, 2024, Biden withdrew from the presidential campaign and endorsed his vice president, Kamala Harris, who shortly thereafter became the official nominee of the Democratic Party.

Kamala Harris vs. Donald Trump

2024 United States presidential election (Trump-Harris) polling (2024 polls only).svg
2024 United States presidential election (Trump-Harris) polling.svg
  • Source of poll
    aggregation    		Dates
    administered    		Dates
    updated    		 Kamala
    Harris
    Democratic     		Donald
    Trump
    Republican     		Others/
    Undecided
    [a]     		Margin
    270toWin [1] through November 4, 2024November 5, 202448.4%47.2%4.4%Harris +1.2%
    538 [2] through November 4, 2024November 5, 202448.0%46.8%5.2%Harris +1.2%
    Cook Political Report [3] through November 4, 2024November 5, 202448.7%47.8%3.5%Harris +0.9%
    Decision Desk HQ/The Hill [4] through November 5, 2024November 5, 202448.4%48.4%3.2%Tie
    Silver Bulletin [5] through November 4, 2024November 5, 202448.6%47.6%3.8%Harris +1.0%
    Real Clear Politics [6] through November 5, 2024November 5, 202448.7%48.6%2.7%Harris +0.1%
    Average48.5%47.7%3.8%Harris +0.8%

    Kamala Harris vs. Donald Trump vs. Robert F. Kennedy Jr. vs. Jill Stein vs. Chase Oliver vs. Cornel West

    Source of poll
    aggregation    		Dates
    administered    		Dates
    updated    		 Kamala
    Harris
    Democratic     		Donald
    Trump
    Republican     		Robert F.
    Kennedy Jr.     [b]
    Independent     		Jill
    Stein
    Green     		Chase
    Oliver
    Libertarian     		Cornel
    West
    Independent     		Others/
    Undecided
    [a]     		Margin
    Race to the WH [7] through November 3, 2024November 4, 202447.8%47.1%1.3%0.8%0.9%0.6%1.5%Harris +0.7%
    270toWin [1] through November 4, 2024November 4, 202447.5%46.9%1.2%1.2%0.7%0.4%2.1%Harris +0.6%
    Average47.7%47.0%1.3%1.0%0.8%0.5%1.7%Harris +0.7%

    National poll results

    National poll results among declared candidates.

    Kamala Harris vs. Donald Trump

    2024

    Poll sourceDateSample
    size [c]     		Margin
    of error    		 Kamala
    Harris
    Democratic     		Donald
    Trump
    Republican     		Others/
    Undecided    		Lead
    Zogby [8] November 2–3, 20241,005 (LV)± 3.2%49%46%5%3%
    Research Co. [9] November 2–3, 20241,003 (LV)± 3.1%48%46%6%2%
    Reuters/Ipsos [10] November 1–3, 2024973 (LV)± 3.0%50%48%2%2%
    TIPP [11] November 1–3, 20241,411 (LV)± 2.7%48%48%4%—
    Patriot Polling [12] November 1–3, 20241115 (RV)–49%48%3%1%
    AtlasIntel [13] November 1–2, 20242,463 (LV)± 2.0%48%50%2%2%
    Marist Poll [14] October 31 – November 2, 20241,297 (LV)± 3.5%51%47%2%4%
    HarrisX/Forbes [15] October 31 – November 2, 20243,759 (LV)–51%49%–2%
    NBC News [16] October 30 – November 2, 20241,000 (RV)± 3.1%49%49%2%—
    Emerson College [17] October 30 – November 2, 20241,000 (LV)± 3.0%49%49%2%—
    ActiVote [18] October 27 – November 2, 20241,000 (LV)± 3.1%49%50%—1%
    ABC News [19] October 29 – November 1, 20242,267 (LV)± 2.0%49%46%5%3%
    Kaplan Strategies [20] October 31, 2024671 (RV)± 3.8%47%48%5%1%
    AtlasIntel [21] October 30–31, 20243,490 (LV)± 2%48%50%1%2%
    Morning Consult [22] October 29–31, 20248,918 (LV)± 1.0%49%47%4%2%
    Echelon Insights [23] October 28–31, 20241,328 (LV)± 3.1%49%47%4%2%
    TIPP [24] October 28–30, 20241,265 (LV)± 2.7%48%48%4%—
    American Pulse Research & Polling [25] October 28–30, 2024822 (LV)± 2.8%49%47%4%2%
    RABA Research [26] October 29, 2024781 (LV)± 3.5%48%44%8%4%
    HarrisX/Forbes [27] October 27–29, 20243,718 (LV)–51%49%–2%
    TIPP [28] October 27–29, 20241,302 (LV)± 2.7%48%47%5%1%
    YouGov/The Economist [29] October 26–29, 20241,310 (LV)± 3.4%49%47%4%2%
    AtlasIntel [30] October 25–29, 20243,032 (LV)± 2%48%50%1%2%
    TIPP [31] October 26–28, 20241,291 (LV)± 2.7%48%47%5%1%
    Rasmussen Reports [32] October 24–28, 20242,369 (LV)± 2.0%46%48%5%2%
    Morning Consult [33] October 25–27, 20248,807 (LV)± 1.0%50%47%3%3%
    Noble Predictive Insights [34] October 23–27, 2024707 (LV)± 3.7%49%46%4%3%
    Cygnal [35] October 24–26, 20241,507 (LV)± 2.5%50%47%3%3%
    CBS News/YouGov [36] October 23–25, 20242,154 (LV)± 2.6%50%49%1%1%
    TIPP [37] October 23–25, 20241,333 (LV)± 2.7%48%48%4%—
    YouGov/Cooperative Election Study [38] October 1–25, 202448,732 (LV)–51%47%–4%
    Emerson College [39] October 23–24, 20241,000 (LV)± 3.0%49%49%2%—
    Rasmussen Reports [40] October 21–24, 20242,745 (LV)± 2.0%48%47%5%1%
    TIPP [41] October 22–24, 20241,357 (LV)± 2.7%49%47%4%2%
    ActiVote [42] October 19–24, 20241,000 (LV)± 3.1%50%50%——
    TIPP [43] October 21–23, 20241,260 (LV)± 2.8%50%47%3%3%
    NYTimes/Siena College [44] October 20–23, 20242,516 (LV)± 2.2%48%48%4%—
    CNN [45] October 20-23, 20241,704 (LV)± 3.1%47%47%6%—
    Big Village [46] October 18–23, 20241,592 (LV)± 2.0%52%45%3%7%
    Clarity Campaign Labs [47] October 17–23, 20241,314 (LV)± 1.5%50%46%4%4%
    ABC News [48] October 18–22, 20241,913 (LV)± 2.5%51%47%2%4%
    HarrisX/Forbes [49] October 21–22, 20241,244 (LV)± 2.5%49%51%—2%
    TIPP [50] October 20–22, 20241,294 (LV)± 2.8%49%47%4%2%
    YouGov/The Economist [51] October 19–22, 20241,293 (LV)± 3.2%49%46%5%3%
    Wall Street Journal [52] October 19–22, 20241,500 (RV)± 2.5%46%49%5%3%
    Rasmussen Reports [53] October 17–22, 20241,855 (LV)± 1.0%46%49%5%3%
    Redfield & Wilton Strategies [54] October 21, 20241,161 (LV)—45%47%6%2%
    TIPP [55] October 19–21, 20241,268 (LV)± 2.8%48%48%1%—
    YouGov [56] October 18–21, 20241,189 (LV)± 3.2%48%45%7%3%
    Reuters/Ipsos [57] October 16–21, 20243,307 (LV)± 2.0%48%45%7%3%
    Morning Consult [33] October 18–20, 20248,570 (LV)± 1.0%50%46%4%4%
    TIPP [58] October 18–20, 20241,244 (LV)± 2.8%47%48%1%1%
    CNBC [59] October 15–19, 20241,000 (LV)± 3.1%46%48%6%2%
    Suffolk University [60] October 14–18, 20241,000 (LV)± 3.1%50%49%1%1%
    AtlasIntel [61] October 12–17, 20244,180 (LV)± 2%48%51%1%3%
    ActiVote [62] October 9–17, 20241,000 (LV)± 3.1%49%51%—2%
    Emerson College [63] October 14–16, 20241,000 (LV)± 3.0%49%48%3%1%
    Rasmussen Reports [64] October 13–16, 20242,108 (LV)± 2.0%48%48%4%—
    TIPP [65] October 13–15, 20241,248 (LV)± 2.8%50%46%4%4%
    YouGov/The Economist [66] October 12–15, 20241,230 (LV)± 2.8%49%45%6%4%
    Rasmussen Reports [67] October 10–15, 20242,049 (LV)± 2.0%47%48%6%1%
    Fox News [68] October 11–14, 20241,110 (RV)± 3%48%50%—2%
    FDU [69] October 8–14, 2024806 (RV)± 3.5%50%47%3%3%
    Morning Consult [22] October 11–13, 20248,647 (LV)± 1.0%50%46%4%4%
    Harvard/Harris [70] October 11–13, 20243,145 (RV)± 1.8%51%49%—2%
    CBS News [71] October 8–11, 20242,719 (LV)± 2.3%51%48%3%3%
    Marist Poll [72] October 8–10, 20241,401 (LV)± 3.9%52%47%1%5%
    RMG Research [73] October 7–10, 20242,995 (LV)± 1.8%50%47%3%3%
    Co/efficient [74] October 6–8, 20242,180 (LV)± 3.4%49%47%4%2%
    ABC News [75] October 4–8, 20241,714 (LV)± 2.5%50%48%2%2%
    NBC News [76] October 4–8, 20241,000 (RV)± 3.1%48%48%4%—
    ActiVote [77] October 3–8, 20241,000 (LV)± 3.1%49%51%—2%
    Morning Consult [22] October 4–6, 202411,353 (LV)± 1.0%51%46%3%5%
    Research Co. [78] October 4–6, 20241,001 (LV)± 3.1%49%45%5%4%
    Pew Research Center [79] September 30 – October 6, 2024(RV)± ?48%47%5%1%
    NYTimes/Siena College [80] September 29 – October 6, 20243,385 (LV)± 2.4%49%46%5%3%
    I&I/TIPP [81] October 2–4, 2024997 (LV)± 3.2%49%46%5%3%
    Big Village [82] October 2–4, 2024755 (LV)± 3.0%50%46%4%4%
    Yahoo News [83] October 2–4, 20241,714 (A)± 2.9%48%46%6%2%
    Data for Progress [84] October 2–3, 20241,211 (LV)± 3.0%49%46%5%3%
    RMG Research [85] September 30 – October 3, 20242,965 (LV)± 1.8%49%49%2%—
    Rasmussen Reports [86] September 26 – October 2, 20241,762 (LV)± 2.0%47%49%5%2%
    ActiVote [87] September 25 – October 2, 20241,000 (LV)± 3.1%51%49%—2%
    Emerson College [88] September 29 – October 1, 20241,000 (LV)± 3%50%48%2%2%
    YouGov/The Economist [89] September 29 – October 1, 20241,261 (LV)± 3.1%49%46%5%3%
    Marist College [90] September 27 – October 1, 20241,294 (LV)± 3.7%50%48%2%2%
    Susquehanna [91] September 23 – October 1, 20241,001 (LV)± 3.2%49%44%5%5%
    Morning Consult [22] September 27–29, 202411,381 (LV)± 1%51%46%3%5%
    Léger [92] September 27–29, 2024851 (LV)± 3.1%51%47%2%4%
    Outward Intelligence [93] September 22–26, 20241,735 (LV)± 2.3%53%47%—6%
    Echelon Insights [94] September 23–25, 20241,005 (LV)± 3.7%52%45%3%7%
    Big Village [95] September 23–25, 20241,524 (LV)± 3.7%50%46%4%4%
    Rasmussen Reports [96] September 22–25, 20241,820 (LV)± 2.0%46%48%6%2%
    YouGov/The Economist [97] September 21–24, 20241,220 (LV)± 3.1%49%46%5%3%
    Clarity Campaign Labs [98] September 19–24, 20241,000 (LV)± 1.8%51%44%5%7%
    Reuters/Ipsos [99] September 21–23, 2024785 (LV)± 4.0%50%44%6%6%
    Morning Consult [22] September 20–22, 202411,057 (LV)± 1%50%45%5%5%
    Quinnipiac [100] September 19–22, 20241,728 (LV)± 2.4%47%48%4%1%
    CNN [101] September 19–22, 20242,074 (LV)± 3.0%48%47%4%1%
    YouGov/CBS News [102] September 18–20, 20243,129 (RV)± 2.2%52%48%—4%
    RMG Research [103] September 16–19, 20242,969 (LV)± 1.8%50%48%2%2%
    Outward Intelligence [104] September 15–19, 20241,880 (LV)± 2.3%53%47%—6%
    Rasmussen Reports [105] September 12–18, 20241,855 (LV)± 2.0%47%49%5%2%
    Florida Atlantic University [106] September 16–17, 2024810 (LV)± 3.4%49%45%6%4%
    YouGov/The Economist [107] September 15–17, 20241,445 (RV)± 3.2%49%45%6%4%
    NBC News [108] September 13–17, 20241000 (RV)± 3.1%49%44%7%5%
    ActiVote [109] September 11–17, 20241,000 (LV)± 3.1%53%47%—6%
    Fox News [110] September 13–16, 20241,102 (RV)± 3%50%48%2%2%
    Angus Reid [111] September 13–16, 20241,707 (RV)± 2%49%45%6%4%
    Daily Mail/J.L. Partners [112] September 11–16, 20241,000 (LV)± 3.1%43%42%15%1%
    NYTimes/Siena College [113] September 11–16, 20242,437 (LV)± 3.8%47%47%6%—
    Morning Consult [22] [114] September 13–15, 202411,022 (LV)± 1%51%45%4%6%
    Big Village [115] September 11–15, 20241,568 (LV)± 3.1%51%43%6%8%
    Monmouth University [116] September 11–15, 2024803 (RV)± 3.9%49%44%7%5%
    Data for Progress (D) [117] September 12–13, 20241,283 (LV)± 3.0%50%46%4%4%
    ABC News [118] September 11–13, 20242,196 (LV)± 2.0%52%46%2%6%
    I&I/TIPP [81] September 11–13, 20241,721 (RV)± 2.6%47%43%10%4%
    Yahoo News [119] September 11–13, 2024——49%45%6%4%
    HarrisX/Forbes [120] September 11–13, 20243,018 (RV)± 1.8%48%45%8%3%
    Reuters/Ipsos [121] September 11–12, 20241,405 (RV)± 3.0%47%42%11%5%
    Atlas Intel [122] September 11–12, 20241,775 (LV)± 2%48%51%1%3%
    Morning Consult [123] September 11, 20243,204 (LV)± 3.0%50%45%5%5%
    Léger [124] September 10–11, 20241,174 (LV)± 2.7%50%47%3%3%
    RMG Research [125] September 9–12, 20242,756 (LV)± 1.9%51%47%2%4%
    Rasmussen Reports [126] September 8–11, 20242,390 (LV)± 3%47%49%2%2%
    Big Village [127] September 6–8, 20241,546 (LV)± 3.0%49%45%6%4%
    Morning Consult [22] September 4–8, 202410,608 (LV)± 1.0%49%46%5%3%
    New York Times/Siena College [128] September 3–6, 20241,695 (LV)± 3%47%48%5%1%
    Harvard/Harris [129] September 4–5, 20242,358 (RV)± 2.1%50%50%——
    RMG Research [130] September 3–5, 20242,701 (LV)± 1.9%50%48%2%2%
    NPR/PBS News/Marist College [131] September 3–5, 20241,413 (LV)± 3.3%49%48%1%1%
    Outward Intelligence [132] September 1–5, 20241,890 (LV)± 2.3%52%48%—4%
    Emerson College [133] September 3–4, 20241,000 (LV)± 3.0%49%47%4%2%
    Morning Consult [22] September 2–4, 202411,414 (RV)± 1.0%49%46%5%3%
    Rasmussen Reports [134] August 29 – September 4, 20241,893 (LV)± 3%46%47%3%1%
    Pew Research Center [135] August 26 – September 2, 20249,720 (A)± 1.3%49%49%2%—
    I&I/TIPP [136] August 28–30, 20241,386 (RV)± 2.8%48%45%7%3%
    Outward Intelligence [137] August 25–29, 20242,191 (LV)± 2.1%53%47%—6%
    RMG Research [138] August 26–28, 20242,441 (LV)± 2.0%51%48%1%3%
    Suffolk University/USA TODAY [139] August 25–28, 20241,000 (LV)± 3.1%48%43%9%5%
    Rasmussen Reports [140] August 25–28, 20241,879 (LV)± 2%46%48%3%2%
    Wall Street Journal [141] August 24–28, 20241,500 (RV)± 2.5%48%47%5%1%
    Clarity Campaign Labs [142] August 23–28, 20241,238 (LV)± 1.62%51%45%4%6%
    ABC News [143] August 23–27, 2024—± 2.0%52%46%2%6%
    Quinnipiac [144] August 23–27, 20241,611 (LV)± 2.4%49%48%3%1%
    August 23, 2024 Robert F. Kennedy Jr. suspends his campaign, endorses Trump
    YouGov/Yahoo [145] August 22–26, 20241,197 (RV)± 3.0%47%46%3%1%
    Echelon Insights [146] August 23–25, 20241,031 (LV)± 3.6%48%49%3%1%
    Florida Atlantic University [147] August 23–25, 2024929 (RV)± 3.2%47%43%4%4%
    Leger [148] August 23–25, 2024863 (LV)± 3.05%50%46%4%4%
    Morning Consult [22] August 23–25, 20247,818 (RV)± 1.0%48%44%8%4%
    Kaplan Strategies [149] August 24, 20241,190 (LV)± 2.8%52%45%3%7%
    ActiVote [150] August 15–23, 20241,000 (LV)± 3.1%53%47%—6%
    Rasmussen Reports [151] August 18–21, 20241,893 (LV)± 3%46%49%2%3%
    FDU [152] August 17–20, 2024801 (RV)± 3.5%50%43%7%7%
    CBS News [153] August 14–16, 20243,253 (LV)± 2.1%51%48%1%3%
    Outward Intelligence [154] August 11–15, 20241,858 (LV)± 2.3%53%47%—6%
    Emerson College [155] August 12–14, 20241,000 (LV)± 3.0%50%46%4%4%
    Rasmussen Reports [156] August 11–14, 20241,885 (LV)± 2%45%49%3%4%
    ActiVote [157] August 7–14, 20241,000 (LV)± 3.1%52%48%—4%
    ABC News/The Washington Post [158] August 9–13, 20241,975 (RV)± 2.5%49%45%6%4%
    Fox News [159] August 9–12, 20241,105 (RV)± 3%49%50%—1%
    Morning Consult [22] August 9–11, 202411,778 (RV)± 1.0%47%44%9%3%
    Quantus Polls and News [160] August 7–8, 20241,000 (RV)—47%46%7%1%
    Rasmussen Reports [161] August 4–7, 20241,794 (LV)± 2%44%49%3%5%
    Ipsos/Reuters [162] August 2–7, 20242,045 (A)± 3.0%42%37%21%5%
    ActiVote [163] July 30 – August 6, 20241,000 (LV)± 3.1%50%50%——
    August 6, 2024Harris selects Governor Tim Walz as her running mate
    SurveyUSA [164] August 2–4, 20241,510 (LV)± 3.0%48%45%7%3%
    Morning Consult [22] August 2–4, 202411,265 (RV)± 1.0%48%44%8%4%
    NPR/PBS News/Marist College [165] August 1–4, 20241,513 (RV)± 3.4%51%48%1%3%
    CNBC [166] July 31 – August 4, 20241,001 (RV)± 3.1%46%48%—2%
    Issues & Insights/TIPP [167] July 31 – August 2, 20241,326 (RV)± 2.9%46%45%6%1%
    CBS News/YouGov [168] July 30 – August 2, 20243,102 (RV)± 2.1%50%49%1%1%
    Marquette Law [169] July 24 – August 1, 2024683 (LV)± 4.7%53%47%—6%
    Rasmussen Reports [170] July 28–31, 20242,163 (LV)± 2%44%49%4%5%
    Civiqs/Daily Kos [171] July 27–30, 20241,123 (RV)± 3.0%49%45%6%4%
    ActiVote [172] July 24–29, 20241,000 (LV)± 3.1%49%51%—2%
    McLaughlin & Associates [173] July 23–29, 20241,000 (LV)—45%47%8%2%
    Leger [174] July 26–28, 2024776 (LV)± 3.1%49%46%5%3%
    Morning Consult [22] July 26–28, 202411,538 (RV)± 1.0%47%46%7%1%
    Reuters/Ipsos [175] July 26–28, 2024876 (RV)± 3.5%43%42%15%1%
    Harvard/Harris [176] July 26–28, 20242,196 (RV)± 2.1%45%48%7%3%
    FAU/Mainstreet Research [177] July 26–27, 2024952 (LV)± 3.1%48%46%6%2%
    Angus Reid Global [178] July 23–25, 20241,743 (RV)± 2.0%44%42%14% [d] 2%
    Wall Street Journal [179] July 25, 20241,000 (RV)± 3.1%47%49%—2%
    AtlasIntel [180] July 23–25, 20241,980 (RV)± 2%48%50%2%2%
    Forbes/HarrisX [181] July 22–25, 20243,013 (RV)± 1.8%45%47%9%2%
    New York Times/Siena College [182] July 22–24, 20241,141 (LV)± 3.3%47%48%5%1%
    CNBC [183] July 22–24, 20242,137 (RV)± 1.0%44%43%13%1%
    Morning Consult [22] July 22–24, 202411,297 (RV)± 1.0%46%45%9%1%
    Rasmussen Reports [184] July 22–24, 20241,074 (LV)± 3%43%50%7%7%
    CNN/SSRS [185] July 22–23, 20241,631 (RV)± 3%46%49%—3%
    Reuters/Ipsos [186] July 22–23, 20241,018 (RV)± 3.3%44%42%14%2%
    ActiVote [187] July 21–23, 20241,000 (LV)± 3.1%49.5%50.5%—1%
    Morning Consult [188] July 21–22, 20244,001 (RV)± 2.0%45%47%8%2%
    July 21, 2024 Joe Biden announces his withdrawal, endorses Harris; Harris declares her candidacy
    North Star Opinion/American Greatness [189] July 20–23, 2024600 (LV)—45%47%9%2%
    Yahoo News [190] July 19–22, 20241,743 (A)± 2.8%46%46%8%—
    MainStreet Research [191] July 19–21, 2024780 (IVR)± 3.5%44%49%3%5%
    Echelon Insights [192] July 19–21, 2024982 (LV)± 3.8%47%49%4%2%
    Forbes/HarrisX [193] July 19–21, 20242,753 (RV)± 1.9%47%53%0%6%
    CBS News [194] July 16–18, 20242,247 (RV)± 2.7%48%51%1%3%
    Reuters/Ipsos [195] July 15–16, 2024992 (RV)± 3.0%44%44%12%—
    July 15, 2024Trump selects Senator JD Vance as his running mate
    NPR/PBS News/Marist College [196] July 9–10, 20241,174 (RV)± 3.3%50%49%1%1%
    Fox News [197] July 7–10, 20241,210 (RV)± 3.0%48%49%3%1%
    NBC News [198] July 7–9, 2024800 (RV)± 3.46%45%47%8%2%
    ABC News/The Washington Post/Ipsos [199] July 5–9, 20242,041 (RV)± 2.0%49%47%4%2%
    Emerson College [200] July 7–8, 20241,370 (RV)± 2.6%43%49%8%6%
    Bendixen & Amandi International (D) [201] July 2–6, 20241,000 (LV)± 3.1%42%41%17% [e] 1%
    Daily Mail/J.L. Partners [202] July 1–3, 20241,000 (LV)± 3.1%38%49%14%11%
    Reuters/Ipsos [203] July 1–2, 20241,070 (A)± 3.5%42%43%15%1%
    Yahoo News/YouGov [204] June 28 – July 1, 20241,176 (RV)± 2.9%45%47%9%2%
    Forbes/HarrisX [205] June 28–30, 20241,500 (RV)± 2.5%47%53%—6%
    CNN/SSRS [206] June 28–30, 20241,045 (RV)± 3.5%45%47%8%2%
    McLaughlin & Associates [207] June 18–24, 20241,000 (LV)—42%47%11%5%

    2023

    2022

    2021

    Kamala Harris vs. Donald Trump vs. Robert F. Kennedy Jr. vs. Cornel West vs. Jill Stein

    Poll sourceDateSample
    size [c]     		Margin
    of error    		 Kamala
    Harris
    Democratic     		Donald
    Trump
    Republican     		Robert F.
    Kennedy Jr.
    Independent     		Cornel
    West
    Independent     		Jill
    Stein
    Green     		Others/
    Undecided
    AtlasIntel [13] November 1–2, 20242,463 (LV)± 2.0%47%49%—0.3%1%2% [f]
    AtlasIntel [21] October 30–31, 20243,490 (LV)± 2%47%49%——1%2%
    AtlasIntel [30] October 25–29, 20243,032 (LV)± 2%47%50%—0.3%1%2%
    AtlasIntel [61] October 12–17, 20244,180 (LV)± 2%48%51%—0.1%1%1%
    Harvard/Harris [285] October 11–13, 20243,145 (RV)± 1.8%49%48%—2%1%—
    NBC News [286] October 4–8, 20241,000 (RV)± 3.1%46%47%2%0%1%4%
    Quinnipiac [287] September 19–22, 20241,728 (LV)± 2.4%47%48%—1%1%1%
    AtlasIntel [122] September 11–12, 20241,775 (LV)± 2%47.3%50.9%—0.2%0.4%1.1%
    Harvard/Harris [129] September 4–5, 20242,358 (RV)± 2.1%46%46%—1%1%6%
    August 23, 2024Kennedy suspends his campaign.
    Outward Intelligence [154] August 11–15, 20241,858 (LV)± 2.3%49%43%6.6%0.5%0.8%—
    Emerson College [155] August 12–14, 20241,000 (LV)± 3.0%48%44%4%0%1%3%
    The Economist/YouGov [288] August 11–13, 20241,407 (RV)± 3.1%46%44%3%0%1%6%
    Fox News [159] August 9–12, 20241,105 (RV)± 3%45%45%6%1%1%—
    JL Partners [289] August 7–11, 20241,001 (LV)± 3.1%41%43%5%1%1%9%
    The Economist/YouGov [290] August 4–6, 20241,410 (RV)± 3.1%45%43%2%0%1%7%
    NPR/PBS News/Marist College [165] August 1–4, 20241,513 (RV)± 3.4%48%45%5%1%1%—
    CBS News/YouGov [291] July 30 – August 2, 20243,102 (RV)± 2.1%49%47%2%0%0%2%
    The Economist/YouGov [292] July 27–30, 20241,430 (RV)± 3.1%46%44%3%0%0%6%
    McLaughlin & Associates [173] July 23–29, 20241,000 (LV)N/A41%42%8%1%1%7%
    Leger [293] July 26–28, 2024786 (LV)± 3.1%48%41%5%1%1%3%
    Harvard/Harris [176] July 26–28, 20242,196 (RV)± 2.1%42%45%7%1%1%4%
    AtlasIntel [294] July 23–25, 20241,980 (RV)± 2%46.1%47.7%4.5%0.2%—1.5%
    Wall Street Journal [295] July 23–25, 20241,000 (RV)± 3.1%45%44%4%1%1%5%
    New York Times/Siena College [182] July 22–24, 20241,000 (RV)± 3.1%44%43%5%1%0%7%
    Big Village [296] July 22–24, 20241,492 (LV)± 3%42.7%44.3%5.6%1.1%1.4%4.3%
    The Economist/YouGov [297] July 21–23, 20241,605 (RV)± 3.3%41%44%5%1%1%5%
    NPR/PBS [298] July 22, 20241,309 (A)± 3.2%42%42%7%1%1%7%
    July 21, 2024Harris declares her candidacy.
    The Economist/YouGov [299] July 7–9, 20241,443 (RV)± 3.1%38%42%5%1%2%13%
    Forbes/HarrisX [205] June 28–30, 20241,500 (RV)± 2.5%38%43%16%2%2%—

    Hypothetical polling

    Robert F. Kennedy Jr.

    The following nationwide polls feature Robert F. Kennedy Jr., who is an independent candidate who suspended his campaign and endorsed Donald Trump.

    Hypothetical polling with Robert F. Kennedy Jr.

    Kamala Harris vs. Donald Trump vs. Robert F. Kennedy Jr.

    Source of poll
    aggregation    		Dates
    administered    		Dates
    updated    		 Kamala
    Harris
    Democratic     		Donald
    Trump
    Republican     		Robert F.
    Kennedy Jr.
    Independent     		Others/
    Undecided
    [a]     		Margin
    Decision Desk HQ/The Hill through August 23, 2024August 24, 202449.0%43.9%2.7%4.4%Harris +5.1%
    538 through August 22, 2024August 23, 202447.3%43.6%4.6%4.5%Harris +3.7%
    Silver Bulletin through August 23, 2024August 23, 202448.0%43.7%3.9%4.4%Harris +4.3%
    Average48.1%43.7%3.7%4.4%Harris +4.4%
    Poll sourceDateSample
    size [c]     		Margin
    of error    		 Kamala
    Harris
    Democratic     		Donald
    Trump
    Republican     		Robert F.
    Kennedy Jr.
    Independent     		Others/
    Undecided
    August 23, 2024Kennedy suspends his campaign.
    RMG Research [300] August 12–14, 20242,708 (LV)± 1.9%47%49%2%4%
    Pew Research [301] August 5–11, 20249,201 (A)± 1.3%46%45%7%2%
    Rasmussen Reports [161] August 4–7, 20241,794 (LV)± 2%44%49%3%2%
    ActiVote [163] July 30 – August 6, 20241,000 (LV)± 3.1%45.0%44.4%10.5%—
    RMG Research [302] July 29–31, 20243,000 (RV)—47%42%6%5%
    Redfield & Wilton Strategies [303] July 29, 20241,750 (LV)± 3.0%45%43%5%4%
    Harvard/Harris [176] July 26–28, 20242,196 (RV)± 2.1%42%45%8%5%
    ActiVote [172] July 24–29, 20241,000 (LV)± 3.1%44.3%45.5%10.3%—
    Forbes/HarrisX [181] July 22–25, 20243,013 (RV)± 1.8%42%43%9%6%
    RMG Research [304] July 22–23, 20242,000 (RV)—46%48%6%—
    Reuters/Ipsos [186] July 22–23, 20241,241 (A)± 3.0%42%38%8%12%
    July 21, 2024Harris declares her candidacy.
    Forbes/HarrisX [205] June 28–30, 20241,500 (RV)± 2.5%40%43%17%—

    Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump

    The following nationwide polls feature Joe Biden, who was the presumptive nominee for the Democratic party before he withdrew from the race and endorsed Kamala Harris.

    Hypothetical polling with Joe Biden and Donald Trump

    Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump

    Local regression of two-way polling between Trump and Biden conducted up to the 2024 United States presidential election (excludes others and undecided). The dashed line marks Biden's withdrawal from the race. 2024 United States presidential election (Trump-Biden) polling.svg
    Local regression of two-way polling between Trump and Biden conducted up to the 2024 United States presidential election (excludes others and undecided). The dashed line marks Biden's withdrawal from the race.
    Source of poll
    aggregation    		Dates
    administered    		Dates
    updated    		 Joe
    Biden
    Democratic     		Donald
    Trump
    Republican     		Others/
    Undecided
    [a]     		Margin
    RealClearPolitics June 28 – July 23, 2024July 23, 202444.8%47.9%7.3%Trump +3.1%
    Race to the WH through July 23, 2024July 23, 202444.1%46.2%9.7%Trump +2.1%
    Decision Desk HQ/The Hill through July 23, 2024July 23, 202443.3%46.6%10.1%Trump +3.3%
    Average44.1%46.9%9.0%Trump +2.8%

    Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump vs. Robert F. Kennedy Jr.

    Local regression of two-way polling between Trump, Biden and Kennedy conducted up to the 2024 United States presidential election (excludes others and undecided). The dashed line marks Biden's withdrawal from the race. 2024 United States presidential election (Trump-Biden-Kennedy) polling.svg
    Local regression of two-way polling between Trump, Biden and Kennedy conducted up to the 2024 United States presidential election (excludes others and undecided). The dashed line marks Biden's withdrawal from the race.
    Source of poll
    aggregation    		Dates
    administered    		Dates
    updated    		 Joe
    Biden
    Democratic     		Donald
    Trump
    Republican     		Robert F.
    Kennedy Jr.
    Independent     		Others/
    Undecided
    [a]     		Margin
    Decision Desk HQ/The Hill through July 23, 2024July 23, 202438.6%42.6%8.7%10.1%Trump +4.0%
    538 through July 21, 2024July 21, 202440.2%43.5%8.7%7.6%Trump +3.3%
    Average39.4%43.05%8.7%8.85%Trump +3.65%

    Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump vs. Robert F. Kennedy Jr. vs. Cornel West vs. Jill Stein

    Poll sourceDates
    administered    		Dates
    updated    		 Joe
    Biden
    Democratic     		Donald
    Trump
    Republican     		Robert F.
    Kennedy Jr.
    Independent     		Cornel
    West
    Independent     		Jill
    Stein
    Green     		Others/
    Undecided    		Margin
    RealClearPolitics through July 23, 2024July 23, 202439.2%43.4%8.7%1.6%1.9%5.2%Trump +4.2%
    Race to the WH through July 23, 2024July 23, 202439.7%42.6%8.8%1.6%1.4%5.9%Trump +2.9%
    Average39.45%43.0%8.8%1.6%1.7%5.6%Trump +3.55%

    Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump (2024)

    Poll sourceDateSample
    size [c]     		Margin
    of error    		 Joe
    Biden
    Democratic     		Donald
    Trump
    Republican     		Others/
    Undecided
    July 21, 2024Biden withdraws from the race.
    Reuters/Ipsos [305] July 15–16, 2024992 (RV)± 3.0%41%43%14%
    Morning Consult [306] July 15, 20242,045 (RV)± 1.0%45%46%9%
    Forbes/HarrisX [307] July 13–15, 20241,918 (RV)± 2.2%49%51%—
    July 13, 2024Trump suffers an assassination attempt in Pennsylvania.
    Activote [308] July 7–15, 20241,000 (LV)± 3.1%49.5%50.5%—
    Survey USA [309] July 12–15, 20241,098 (LV)± 3.2%43%44%13%
    The Center Square/Noble Predictive Insights [310] July 8–11, 20242,300 (LV)± 2.1%43%46%12%
    Rasmussen Reports [311] July 7–11, 20241,847 (LV)± 2.0%43%49%8%
    NPR/PBS News/Marist College [196] July 9–10, 20241,174 (RV)± 3.3%50%48%2%
    Fox News [197] July 7–10, 20241,210 (RV)± 3.0%48%49%3%
    NBC News [198] July 7–9, 2024800 (RV)± 3.5%43%45%12%
    ABC News/The Washington Post/Ipsos [199] July 5–9, 20242,041 (RV)± 2.0%46%46%8%
    Emerson College [200] July 7–8, 20241,370 (RV)± 2.6%43%46%11%
    Morning Consult [22] July 5–7, 202411,323 (RV)± 1.0%42%44%14%
    Pew Research Center [312] July 1–7, 20247,729 (RV)—47%50%3%
    Lord Ashcroft [313] June 28 – July 7, 20244,347 (LV)—44%42%14%
    Bendixen & Amandi International (D) [201] July 2–6, 20241,000 (LV)± 3.1%42%43%15% [g]
    Daily Mail/J.L. Partners [202] July 1–3, 20241,000 (LV)± 3.1%42%47%11%
    Cygnal (R) [314] July 1–2, 20241,500 (LV)± 2.53%43%48%9%
    Reuters/Ipsos [203] July 1–2, 20241,070 (RV)± 3.5%40%40%20%
    Wall Street Journal [315] June 29 – July 2, 20241,500 (RV)± 2.5%42%48%10%
    CBS News/YouGov [316] June 28 – July 2, 20242,815 (LV)± 2.3%48%50%2%
    New York Times/Siena College [317] June 28 – July 2, 20241,532 (LV)± 2.3%43%49%7%
    Yahoo! News/YouGov [318] June 28 – July 1, 20241,176 (RV)± 2.9%43%45%12%
    Florida Atlantic University/Mainstreet Research [319] June 29–30, 2024869 (LV)—44%46%11%
    Harvard/Harris [320] June 28–30, 20242,090 (RV)—48%52%—
    Forbes/HarrisX [205] June 28–30, 20241,500 (RV)± 2.5%48%52%—
    CNN/SSRS [206] June 28–30, 20241,045 (RV)± 3.5%43%49%8%
    Morning Consult [321] June 28, 20242,068 (RV)± 2.0%45%44%11%
    Data for Progress (D) [322] June 28, 20241,011 (LV)± 3.0%45%48%13%
    SurveyUSA [323] June 28, 20242,315 (LV)± 2.5%43%45%13%
    Leger/New York Post [324] June 27–28, 2024841 (LV)± 3.09%38%45%17%
    Issues & Insights/TIPP [325] June 26–28, 20241,244 (RV)± 2.8%43%41%16%
    June 27, 2024The presidential debate between Biden and Trump is hosted by CNN in Atlanta.
    New York Times/Siena College [326] June 20–25, 20241,226 (LV)± 3.5%44%48%8%
    Leger/New York Post [327] June 22–24, 2024815 (LV)± 3.01%45%43%12%
    Quinnipiac University [328] June 20–24, 20241,405 (RV)± 2.6%45%49%6%
    McLaughlin & Associates [207] June 18–24, 20241,000 (LV)—44%46%10%
    Morning Consult [22] June 21–23, 202410,159 (RV)± 1.0%44%44%12%
    CBS News/YouGov [329] June 17–21, 20241,878 (LV)—49%50%—
    ActiVote [330] June 5–21, 20242,029 (LV)± 2.2%48%52%—
    Rasmussen Reports [331] June 20, 20241,000 (LV)± 3.0%40%49%11%
    Fox News [332] June 14–17, 20241,095 (RV)± 3.0%50%48%2%
    Morning Consult [22] June 14–16, 202410,132 (RV)± 1.0%44%43%13%
    Echelon Insights [333] June 10–12, 20241,013 (LV)± 3.7%48%47%5%
    NPR/PBS [334] June 10–12, 20241,184 (RV)± 3.8%49%49%—
    Reuters/Ipsos [335] June 10–11, 2024930 (RV)± 3.0%39%41%20%
    Civiqs/Daily Kos [336] June 8–11, 20241,140 (RV)± 3.1%45%45%10%
    Morning Consult [22] June 7–9, 202410,260 (RV)± 1.0%44%43%13%
    CBS News/YouGov [337] June 5–7, 20241,359 (LV)—49%50%1%
    Cygnal (R) [338] June 4–6, 20241,500 (LV)± 2.53%44.5%46.5%9%
    Yahoo! News/YouGov [339] June 3–6, 20241,239 (RV)± 2.8%46%44%10%
    Emerson College [340] June 4–5, 20241,000 (RV)± 3.0%50%50%—
    ActiVote [341] May 23 – June 4, 20241,671 (LV)± 2.4%48%52%—
    Navigator Research [342] May 23 – June 3, 2024812 (LV)± 2.8%48%44%8%
    Morning Consult [343] May 31, 20242,200 (RV)—45%44%11%
    Survey Monkey/The 19th [344] May 30–31, 20245,893 (A)± 1.5%30%34%36%
    Reuters/Ipsos [345] May 30–31, 20242,135 (RV)± 2.1%41%39%20%
    Issues & Insights/TIPP [346] May 29–31, 20241,675 (RV)± 2.5%41%41%19%
    Leger/The Canadian Press [347] May 24–26, 2024883 (LV)± 3.09%42%43%15%
    NPR/PBS [348] May 21–23, 20241,122 (RV)± 3.7%50%48%2%
    McLaughlin & Associates [349] [B] May 21–23, 20241,000 (LV)—44%46%10%
    Emerson College [350] May 21–23, 20241,100 (RV)± 2.9%50%50%—
    ActiVote [351] May 6–21, 20241,081 (LV)± 3.0%49%51%—
    Quinnipiac University [352] May 16–20, 20241,374 (RV)± 2.6%48%47%5%
    Harvard-Harris [353] May 15–16, 20241,660 (RV)± 2.0%47%53%—
    Cygnal (R) [354] May 14–16, 20241,500 (LV)± 2.53%45%46%9%
    Echelon Insights [355] May 13–16, 20241,023 (LV)± 3.7%46%49%6%
    Marquette Law University [356] May 6–15, 2024911 (RV)—50%50%—
    Reuters/Ipsos [335] May 7–14, 20243,208 (RV)± 2.0%46%46%8%
    Yahoo! News/YouGov [357] May 10–13, 20241,198 (RV)± 2.7%45%45%10%
    Fox News [358] May 10–13, 20241,126 (RV)± 3.0%48%49%2%
    Ipsos [359] May 7–13, 20241,730 (RV)± 2.2%48%48%4%
    RMG Research [360] May 6–9, 20242,000 (LV)—44%42%14%
    Morning Consult [22] May 3–5, 20249,918 (RV)± 1.0%43%44%13%
    Issues & Insights/TIPP [361] May 1–3, 20241,264 (RV)± 2.8%42%40%18%
    Data for Progress (D)/Zeteo [362] May 1–2, 20241,240 (LV)± 3.0%47%46%6%
    KFF [363] April 23 – May 1, 20241,243 (RV)± 4.0%46%45%9%
    Reuters/Ipsos [335] April 29–30, 2024856 (RV)± 3.0%40%39%21%
    ABC News [364] April 25–30, 20242,260 (RV)± 2.0%46%45%9%
    ActiVote [365] April 13–30, 2024953 (LV)± 3.2%47%53%—
    Florida Atlantic University/Mainstreet Research [366] April 26–28, 2024851 (LV)± 3.0%47%46%7%
    Leger/The Canadian Press [367] April 26–28, 2024887 (LV)± 3.09%42%43%16%
    Morning Consult [22] April 26–28, 202410,109 (RV)± 1.0%43%43%14%
    HarrisX/Harris [368] April 24–25, 20241,961 (RV)± 2.0%48%52%—
    NPR/PBS [369] April 22–25, 20241,109 (RV)± 3.7%50%48%2%
    CNN/SSRS [370] April 18–23, 2024967 (RV)± 3.4%43%49%8%
    Quinnipiac University [371] April 18–22, 20241,429 (RV)± 2.6%46%46%8%
    Morning Consult [22] April 19–21, 20249,791 (RV)± 1.0%44%43%13%
    John Zogby Strategies [372] [C] April 14–21, 202423,683 (LV)± 0.6%45.7%46.1%8.2%
    University of North Florida [373] April 8–20, 2024745 (LV)± 4.2%45%47%9%
    Marist College [374] April 16–18, 20241,047 (RV)± 3.6%51%48%1%
    Emerson College [375] April 16–17, 20241,308 (RV)± 2.6%43%46%11%
    Morning Consult [22] April 15–17, 20247,990 (RV)± 1.0%42%42%16%
    Civiqs/Daily Kos [376] April 13–16, 20241,161 (RV)± 3.0%44%45%11%
    NBC News [377] April 12–16, 20241,000 (RV)± 3.0%44%46%10%
    Yahoo! News/YouGov [378] April 11–15, 20241,171 (RV)± 2.6%44%44%12%
    Echelon Insights [379] April 12–14, 20241,020 (LV)± 3.9%49%46%5%
    New York Times/Siena College [380] April 7–11, 20241,059 (LV)± 3.9%46%47%7%
    ActiVote [381] March 24 – April 10, 2024995 (LV)± 3.1%47%53%—
    Reuters/Ipsos [335] April 3–8, 2024833 (RV)± 4.0%41%37%22%
    Morning Consult [22] April 5–7, 20246,236 (RV)± 1.0%43%44%13%
    Issues & Insights/TIPP [382] April 3–5, 20241,265 (RV)± 2.8%43%40%17%
    RMG Research [383] April 1–4, 20241,679 (LV)± 2.4%44%43%13%
    Emerson College [384] April 2–3, 20241,438 (RV)± 2.5%45%46%8%
    Rasmussen Reports [385] March 31 – April 2, 20241,099 (LV)± 3.0%41%49%10%
    Morning Consult [22] March 29–31, 20246,018 (RV)± 1.0%44%42%14%
    Data for Progress (D) [386] March 27–29, 20241,200 (LV)± 3.0%47%46%7%
    NPR/PBS [387] March 25–28, 20241,199 (RV)± 3.7%50%48%2%
    Marquette Law School [388] March 18–28, 2024674 (LV)± 4.9%52%48%—
    Forbes/HarrisX [389] March 25, 20241,010 (RV)± 3.1%50%50%—
    Fox News [390] March 22–25, 20241,094 (RV)± 3.0%45%50%5%
    Quinnipiac University [391] March 21–25, 20241,407 (RV)—48%45%7%
    Morning Consult [22] March 22–24, 20245,833 (RV)± 1.0%44%43%13%
    ActiVote [392] March 8–22, 20241,001 (LV)± 3.1%47%53%—
    HarrisX/Harris [393] March 20–21, 20242,111 (RV)—49%51%—
    The Economist/YouGov [394] March 16–19, 20241,509 (RV)± 3.4%44%43%13%
    Florida Atlantic University/Mainstreet Research [395] March 15–17, 2024941 (LV)± 3.0%47%45%8%
    Morning Consult [22] March 15–17, 20245,777 (RV)± 1.0%43%43%14%
    Grinnell College [396] March 11–17, 2024715 (LV)± 3.7%38%45%17%
    Noble Predictive Insights/The Center Square [397] March 11–15, 20242,510 (RV)± 2.0%45%46%9%
    McLaughlin & Associates [398] March 9–14, 20241,000 (LV)—34%38%27%
    Public Policy Polling (D) [399] [D] March 12–13, 2024837 (RV)± 3.4%46%45%9%
    Reuters/Ipsos [335] March 7–13, 20243,356 (RV)± 4.0%50%48%2%
    The Economist/YouGov [400] March 10–12, 20241,367 (RV)± 3.5%42%44%14%
    Civiqs/Daily Kos [401] March 9–12, 20241,324 (RV)± 2.8%45%44%11%
    Yahoo! News/YouGov [402] March 8–11, 20241,482 (A)± 2.8%44%46%10%
    Forbes/HarrisX [403] March 8–10, 20242,017 (RV)± 2.2%48%52%—
    Morning Consult [22] March 8–10, 20246,300 (RV)± 1.0%43%44%13%
    Emerson College [404] March 5–6, 20241,350 (RV)± 2.6%51%49%—
    Morning Consult [22] March 1–3, 20246,334 (RV)± 1.0%44%43%13%
    Issues & Insights/TIPP [405] February 28 – March 1, 20241,246 (RV)± 2.8%43%42%15%
    The Economist/YouGov [406] February 25–27, 20241,498 (RV)± 3.2%44%44%12%
    The Economist/YouGov [407] February 18–20, 20241,360 (RV)± 3.1%42%43%15%
    Quinnipiac University [408] February 15–19, 20241,421 (RV)± 2.6%49%45%6%
    Marquette University [409] February 5–15, 2024787 (RV)± 4.4%49%51%—
    Emerson College [410] February 13–14, 20241,225 (RV)± 2.7%44%45%11%
    The Economist/YouGov [411] February 11–13, 20241,470 (RV)± 3.1%44%44%12%
    Reuters/Ipsos [412] February 9–12, 20241,237 (A)± 2.9%34%37%29%
    YouGov [413] February 6–9, 20241,000 (A)± 4.0%44%45%10%
    Florida Atlantic University/Mainstreet Research [414] February 2–3, 2024917 (LV)—41%44%15% [h]
    Issues & Insights/TIPP [415] January 31 – February 2, 20241,266 (RV)± 2.8%41%43%16%
    NPR/PBS [416] January 31 – February 2, 20241,441 (RV)± 3.6%48%47%5%
    SurveyUSA [417] January 31 – February 2, 20241,048 (LV)± 3.7%44%49%7%
    The Economist/YouGov [418] January 28–30, 20241,486 (RV)± 2.9%43%42%15%
    Civiqs/Daily Kos [419] January 27–30, 20241,217 (RV)± 2.9%44%44%12%
    Emerson College [420] January 26–29, 20241,260 (RV)± 2.7%45%46%9%
    Quinnipiac University [421] January 25–29, 20241,650 (RV)± 2.4%50%44%6%
    Harvard-Harris [422] January 17–18, 20243,492 (RV)—47%53%—
    The Messenger/HarrisX [423] January 16–17, 20241,045 (RV)± 3.0%48%52%—
    The Economist/YouGov [424] January 14–16, 20241,472 (RV)± 2.8%44%43%13%
    CBS News [425] January 10–12, 20241,906 (LV)± 3.1%48%50%2%
    Rasmussen Reports [426] January 7–9, 2024968 (LV)± 3.0%41%49%10%
    Reuters/Ipsos [427] January 3–9, 20244,677 (A)± 1.5%48%48%4%
    Morning Consult [22] January 5–8, 20246,376 (RV)± 1.0%43%42%15%
    Ipsos/With Honor PAC [428] January 3–7, 20242,027 (V)± 2.45%32%34%34%
    Issues & Insights/TIPP [429] January 3–5, 20241,247 (RV)± 2.8%40%41%19%
    Noble Predictive Insights [430] January 2–4, 20242,573 (RV)± 2.0%40%44%16%
    The Economist/YouGov [431] December 29, 2023 – January 2, 20241,343 (RV)± 3.2%44%44%12%

    Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump (2023)

    Poll sourceDateSample
    size [c]     		Margin
    of error    		 Joe
    Biden
    Democratic     		Donald
    Trump
    Republican     		Others/
    Undecided
    ActiVote [432] December 13–19, 2023841 (LV)± 3.4%46%54%—
    McLaughlin & Associates [208] December 13–19, 20231,000 (LV)—44%47% [i] 10%
    The Economist/YouGov [433] December 16–18, 20231,336 (RV)± 3.2%43%43%14%
    YouGov/Yahoo News [434] December 14–18, 20231,027 (RV)—44%44%12%
    Quinnipiac University [435] December 14–18, 20231,647 (RV)± 2.4%47%46%6%
    Echelon Insights [436] December 12–16, 20231,012 (LV)± 4.1%48%47%5%
    New York Times/Siena College [437] December 10–14, 20231,016 (LV)± 3.7%47%45%8%
    New York Times/Siena College [438] December 10–14, 20231,016 (RV)± 3.5%44%46%9%
    Beacon Research/Shaw & Company Research/Fox News [439] December 10–13, 20231,007 (RV)± 3.0%46%50%4% [j]
    The Economist/YouGov Poll [440] December 9–12, 20231,332 (RV)± 3.0%43%43%14%
    Hart Research Associates/Public Opinion Strategies/CNBC [441] December 8–12, 20231,002 (A)± 3.1%42%48%10%
    Clarity Campaign Labs [442] December 7–10, 20231,052 (RV)± 1.81%45%45%10% [k]
    Rasmussen Reports [443] December 6–10, 2023892 (LV)± 3.0%38%48%14% [l]
    Cygnal (R) [444] December 5–7, 20232,000 (LV)± 2.16%47%46%7%
    Marist College/NPR/PBS NewsHour [445] December 4–7, 20231,129 (RV)± 3.7%49%48%3%
    Emerson College [446] December 4–6, 20231,000 (RV)± 3%43.2%47.4%9.4%
    SSRS/CNN [447] November 29 – December 6, 20231,197 (RV)± 3.4%40%50%10% [m]
    The Economist/YouGov Poll [448] December 2–5, 20231,291 (RV)± 3.1%42%41%17%
    HarrisX [449] November 22–28, 20234,003 (RV)± 1.6%42%46%13%
    YouGov [450] November 20–27, 20231,000 (A)± 4.1%39%37%24%
    Leger [451] November 24–26, 2023869 (RV)± 3.1%44%42%14%
    Morning Consult [22] November 24–26, 20236,527 (RV)± 1%43%42%16%
    Emerson College [452] November 17–20, 20231,475 (RV)± 2.5%43%47%10%
    Harris X/The Messenger [453] November 15–19, 20233,017 (RV)± 1.8%40%47%13%
    Echelon Insights [454] November 14–17, 20231,006 (LV)± 4.1%46%47%8%
    Reuters/Ipsos [427] November 13–14, 20231,006 (A)± 3.8%33%35%32%
    YouGov/The Economist [455] November 11–14, 20231,272 (RV)± 3.1%42%43%15%
    NBC News [456] November 10–14, 20231,000 (RV)± 3.1%44%46%10%
    Beacon Research/Shaw & Company Research/Fox News [209] November 10–13, 20231,001 (RV)± 3.0%46%50%4%
    YouGov/Yahoo! News [457] November 9–13, 20231,058 (RV)± 2.8%42%44%14%
    Quinnipiac University [458] November 9–13, 20231,574 (RV)± 2.5%46%48%6%
    Morning Consult [459] November 10–12, 20236,130 (RV)± 1%42%43%15%
    Rasmussen Reports (R) [460] November 8–12, 2023987 (LV)± 3.0%46%42%12%
    Issues & Insights/TIPP [461] November 1–3, 20231,242 (RV)± 2.8%43%41%16%
    CBS News/YouGov [462] October 30 – November 3, 20232,636 (A)± 2.6%48%51%1%
    SSRS/CNN [463] October 27 – November 2, 20231,271 (RV)± 3.1%45%49%6%
    HarrisX/The Messenger [464] October 30 – November 1, 20232,021 (RV)± 2.2%43%45%12%
    YouGov/The Economist [465] October 28–31, 20231,500 (A)± 3.1%39%38%23%
    American Pulse Research & Polling [466] October 27–30, 2023568 (LV)± 4.1%42%43.5%14.5%
    Quinnipiac [467] October 26–30, 20231,610 (RV)± 2.4%47%46%7%
    Morning Consult [468] October 20–22, 20235,000 (RV)± 1%43%43%15%
    USA Today/Suffolk University [469] October 17–20, 20231,000 (RV)± 3.1%41%41%18%
    Harvard Harris [470] October 18–19, 20232,116 (RV)± 2%41%46%14%
    Emerson College [471] October 16–17, 20231,578 (RV)± 2.4%45%47%8%
    Yahoo/YouGov [472] October 12–16, 20231,120 (RV)—44%43%13%
    Hart Research Associates/Public Opinions Strategies/CNBC [473] October 11–15, 20231,001 (A)± 3.1%42%46%12%
    Grinnell College [474] October 10–15, 2023784 (LV)± 3.5%40%40%20%
    NPR/PBS/Marist College [475] October 11, 20231,218 (RV)± 3.9%49%46%5%
    Fox News [476] October 6–9, 20231,007 (RV)± 3.0%49%48%2%
    SurveyUSA [477] September 30 – October 3, 20232,330 (LV)± 2.4%43%43%14%
    Echelon Insights [478] September 25–28, 20231,011 (LV)± 4.0%43%46%11%
    YouGov/The Economist [479] September 23–26, 20231,500 (RV)± 3.3%45%40%15%
    Marquette University [480] September 18–25, 2023781 (RV)± 4.4%48%51%—
    Morning Consult [481] September 22–24, 20236,000 (RV)± 1.0%43%42%14%
    NBC News [482] September 15–19, 20231,000 (RV)± 3.1%46%46%6%
    Harvard/Harris [210] [E] September 13–14, 20232,103 (RV)—40%44%16%
    The Economist/YouGov [483] September 10–12, 20231,500 (A)± 3.3%44%43%12%
    Fox News [484] September 9–12, 20231,012 (RV)± 3.0%46%48%1%
    Morning Consult [481] September 2–4, 20236,000 (RV)± 1.0%44%41%15%
    CNN/SSRS [485] August 25–31, 20231,259 (RV)± 3.5%46%47%7%
    YouGov/Yahoo News [486] August 17–21, 20231,113± 2.7%47%41%12%
    Morning Consult [481] August 18–20, 20235,000 (RV)± 1.0%43%41%16%
    Marist College [487] August 11–14, 20231,100 (RV)± 3.7%47%46%7%
    Noble Predictive Insights/The Center Square [488] July 31 – August 3, 20232,500 (RV)± 2.4%44%41%15%
    Big Village [489] July 24–26, 20231,663 (RV)± 2.2%44%44%12%
    Quinnipiac University [490] July 13–17, 20231,809 (RV)± 2.3%49%44%7%
    YouGov/Yahoo News [491] July 13–17, 20231,098± 2.7%47%43%10%
    Marquette University [492] July 7–12, 2023788 (RV)± 4.2%50%50%—
    Morning Consult [493] July 7–9, 20236,000 (RV)± 1.0%44%43%13%
    HarrisX/The Messenger [494] July 5–6, 2023915 (RV)± 3.2%44%44%12%
    Morning Consult [493] June 23–25, 20236,000 (RV)± 1.0%41%44%15%
    HarrisX/The Messenger [495] June 19–23, 20232,875 (RV)± 1.8%43%45%12%
    Emerson College [496] June 19–20, 20231,015 (RV)± 3.0%44%43%13%
    NBC News [497] June 16–20, 20231,000 (RV)± 3.1%49%45%6%
    Quinnipiac University [498] June 8–12, 20231,735 (RV)± 2.4%48%44%8%
    Morning Consult [499] June 9–11, 20236,000 (RV)± 1.0%42%42%16%
    YouGov [500] May 25–30, 20231,015 (RV)± 2.7%48%41%11%
    Echelon Insights [501] May 22–25, 20231,035 (LV)—46%44%10%
    Quinnipiac University [502] May 18–22, 20231,616 (RV)—48%46%6%
    Harvard/Harris [211] May 17–18, 20232,004 (RV)–40%47%13%
    Marquette University [503] May 8–18, 2023791 (RV)± 4.1%47%52%—
    Redfield & Wilton Strategies [212] May 17, 20231,117 (LV)—44%43%13%
    YouGov/The Economist [504] May 13–16, 20231,302 (RV)± 2.8%42%44%14%
    Premise [505] May 12–15, 20231,591 (RV)—41%44%15%
    Morning Consult [506] May 12–14, 20236,000 (RV)± 1.0%44%41%15%
    WPA Intelligence [507] May 10–13, 20231,571 (RV)± 2.5%47%40%13%
    YouGov/Yahoo News [508] May 5–8, 20231,060 (RV)± 2.7%45%43%12%
    Morning Consult [506] May 5–7, 20236,000 (RV)—44%42%14%
    ABC News/The Washington Post [509] April 28 – May 5, 2023900 (RV)± 4.0%39%45%16%
    YouGov/The Economist [510] April 29 – May 2, 20231,357 (RV)± 3.0%46%46%8%
    Emerson College [511] April 24–25, 20231,100 (RV)—43%41%16%
    Morning Consult [506] April 21–23, 20236,000 (RV)—43%42%15%
    Cygnal (R) [512] April 18–20, 20232,500 (LV)± 1.94%46%45%9%
    Harvard/Harris [213] April 18–19, 20231,845 (RV)—40%45%15%
    YouGov/The Economist [513] April 15–18, 20231,316 (RV)—43%44%13%
    Premise [514] April 14–17, 20231,485 (RV)—42%44%14%
    YouGov/Yahoo News [515] April 14–17, 20231,027 (RV)—46%42%12%
    Morning Consult [506] April 14–16, 20236,000 (RV)± 1.0%43%40%17%
    YouGov/The Economist [516] April 8–11, 20231,322 (RV)± 2.9%43%44%13%
    Morning Consult [506] April 7–9, 20235,000 (RV)± 1.0%43%42%15%
    Redfield & Wilton Strategies [214] April 4, 20231,180 (LV)—44%43%13%
    YouGov [517] April 1–4, 20231,319 (RV)± 3.0%42%44%14%
    Premise [518] March 31 – April 3, 20231,562 (RV)—44%43%13%
    Rasmussen Reports [519] March 30 – April 3, 2023971 (LV)± 3.0%40%47%13%
    Morning Consult [506] March 31 – April 2, 20235,000 (RV)± 1.0%42%41%17%
    McLaughlin & Associates (R) [520] [F] March 31 – April 1, 20231,000 (LV)± 3.1%43%47%10%
    YouGov/Yahoo News [521] March 30–31, 2023729 (RV)± 3.3%45%43%12%
    Echelon Insights [522] March 27–29, 20231,007 (LV)± 3.8%47%44%9%
    Cygnal (R) [523] March 26–27, 20232,550 (LV)± 1.9%47%45%8%
    Quinnipiac University [524] March 23–27, 20231,600 (RV)± 2.5%48%46%6%
    Morning Consult [506] March 24–26, 20235,000 (RV)± 1.0%43%42%15%
    Harvard/Harris [215] March 22–23, 20232,905 (RV)—41%45%14%
    Marquette University [525] March 12–22, 2023863 (RV)± 4.0%38%38%24%
    Premise [526] March 16–21, 20231,509 (RV)—41%47%12%
    Redfield & Wilton Strategies [216] March 20, 20231,250 (LV)—44%44%12%
    YouGov/Yahoo News [527] March 16–20, 20231,059 (RV)± 2.7%45%43%12%
    McLaughlin & Associates [217] March 16–20, 20231,000 (LV)—43%48%9%
    Morning Consult [506] March 17–19, 20235,000 (RV)± 1.0%44%41%15%
    Quinnipiac University [528] March 9–13, 20231,635 (RV)± 2.4%49%45%6%
    Morning Consult [506] March 10–12, 20235,000 (RV)± 1.0%43%42%15%
    Wick Insights [529] March 6–9, 20231,125 (LV)—45%43%12%
    Redfield & Wilton Strategies [530] March 7–8, 20231,201 (LV)—44%44%12%
    Premise [531] March 4–7, 20231,621 (RV)—44%45%11%
    Morning Consult [506] March 3–5, 20235,000 (RV)± 1.0%42%43%15%
    Cygnal (R) [532] February 24–27, 20232,424 (LV)± 2.0%47%45%8%
    YouGov/Yahoo News [218] February 23–27, 20231,014 (RV)± 2.7%43%45%12%
    Susquehanna [533] February 19–26, 2023800 (RV)—52%39%—
    Emerson College [534] February 24–25, 20231,060 (RV)± 2.9%42%46%12%
    Morning Consult [506] February 23–25, 20236,000 (RV)—43%41%16%
    Echelon Insights [535] February 21–23, 20231,023 (LV)—47%44%9%
    McLaughlin & Associates [219] February 17–23, 20231,000 (LV)—44%48%8%
    Redfield & Wilton Strategies [220] February 19, 20231,102 (LV)—43%42%15%
    Morning Consult [506] February 17–19, 20236,000 (RV)± 1.0%42%41%17%
    Premise [536] February 16–19, 20231,717 (RV)—44%42%14%
    Morning Consult [537] February 16–19, 20232,000 (RV)± 1.5%42%41%17%
    Harvard/Harris [221] February 15–16, 20231,838 (RV)—41%46%13%
    Quinnipac University [538] February 9–14, 20231,429 (RV)± 2.6%48%46%6%
    Ipsos/Reuters [539] February 6–13, 2023915 (RV)± 4.0%39%42%19%
    Morning Consult [506] February 10–12, 20236,000 (RV)—43%41%16%
    Rasmussen Reports [222] February 8–12, 2023900 (LV)± 3.0%45%42%13%
    Public Policy Polling (D) [223] February 10–11, 20231,056 (RV)—49%45%6%
    YouGov/Yahoo News [540] February 2–6, 20231,063 (RV)± 2.8%47%41%12%
    Morning Consult [506] February 3–5, 20236,000 (RV)± 1.0%43%40%17%
    ABC News/The Washington Post [541] January 27 – February 1, 2023895 (RV)—45%48%7%
    Redfield & Wilton Strategies [224] January 28–29, 20231,139 (LV)—39%41%20%
    Morning Consult [506] January 27–29, 20236,000 (RV)± 1.0%43%40%17%
    Echelon Insights [542] January 23–25, 20231,024 (LV)± 3.9%45%42%13%
    McLaughlin & Associates [225] January 19–24, 20231,000 (LV)—43%48%9%
    Morning Consult [506] January 20–22, 20236,000 (RV)± 1.0%44%41%15%
    Emerson College [543] January 19–21, 20231,015 (RV)± 2.5%41%44%15%
    Cygnal (R) [544] January 19–20, 20232,529 (LV)± 2.0%47%44%9%
    Marquette University [545] January 9–20, 2023790 (RV)± 4.0%40%40%20%
    Harvard/Harris [226] January 18–19, 20232,050 (RV)—41%46%13%
    YouGov/The Economist [546] January 14–17, 20231,314 (RV)± 3.0%46%42%12%
    Redfield & Wilton Strategies [227] January 16, 20231,458 (LV)—39%41%20%
    YouGov/YahooNews [547] January 12–16, 20231,028 (RV)± 2.7%46%40%14%
    Morning Consult [506] January 10–12, 20236,000 (RV)± 1.0%43%40%17%
    Morning Consult [506] January 6–8, 20237,500 (RV)± 1.0%44%41%15%
    WPA Intelligence [548] January 2–8, 20231,035 (LV)± 3.0%49%41%10%

    Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump (2022)

    Poll sourceDateSample
    size [c]     		Margin
    of error    		 Joe
    Biden
    Democratic     		Donald
    Trump
    Republican     		Others/
    Undecided
    Morning Consult [506] December 31, 2022 – January 2, 20238,000 (RV)± 1.0%44%40%16%
    Data for Progress [549] December 22–29, 20221,189 (LV)± 3.0%47%45%8%
    YouGov/Yahoo News [550] December 15–19, 20221,041 (RV)± 2.7%45%41%14%
    Morning Consult [506] December 16–18, 20227,000 (RV)± 1.0%43%41%16%
    Harvard/Harris [228] December 14–15, 20221,851 (RV)—40%45%15%
    Echelon Insights [551] December 12–14, 20221,021 (LV)± 3.7%46%44%10%
    McLaughlin & Associates [229] December 9–14, 20221,000 (LV)—45%48%7%
    Morning Consult [506] December 9–11, 20227,000 (RV)± 1.0%43%41%16%
    Suffolk University [552] December 7–11, 20221,000 (RV)± 3.1%47%40%13%
    Fabrizio Ward/Impact Research [553] December 3–7, 20221,500 (RV)± 2.5%45%43%12%
    Redfield & Wilton Strategies [230] December 5, 20221,162 (LV)—41%41%18%
    YouGov/Yahoo News [554] December 1–5, 20221,204 (RV)± 2.6%45%42%13%
    Marquette University [555] November 15–22, 2022840 (RV)± 4.0%44%34%22%
    Emerson College [543] November 18–19, 20221,380 (RV)± 2.5%45%41%14%
    Echelon Insights [556] November 17–19, 20221,036 (LV)± 3.8%42%45%13%
    Redfield & Wilton Strategies [231] November 17, 20221,203 (LV)—43%42%15%
    Harvard/Harris [232] November 16–17, 20222,212 (RV)—42%44%14%
    Léger [557] November 11–13, 20221,007 (A)—36%33%31%
    Rasmussen Reports [558] November 8–9, 20221,767 (LV)± 2.0%44%47%9%
    Democracy Corps/GQR [559] November 6–8, 20221,000 (RV)—46%48%6%
    Morning Consult [560] November 2–7, 20223,980 (RV)± 3.0%44%43%13%
    Redfield & Wilton Strategies [233] November 2, 20221,084 (LV)—39%44%17%
    YouGov/Yahoo News [561] October 27–31, 20221,172 (RV)± 2.7%48%42%10%
    Benenson Strategy Group [562] October 27–30, 20221,000 (V)± 3.1%45%43%12%
    Echelon Insights [563] October 24–26, 20221,014 (LV)± 3.8%45%46%9%
    Fabrizio Ward/Impact Research [564] October 22–26, 20221,500 (RV)—46%46%8%
    Suffolk University [565] October 19–24, 20221,000 (LV)± 3.1%46%42%12%
    Emerson College [566] October 18–19, 20221,000 (RV)± 3.0%43%40%17%
    YouGov/Yahoo News [567] October 13–17, 20221,209 (RV)± 2.7%46%44%10%
    McLaughlin & Associates [234] October 12–17, 20221,000 (LV)—44%50%6%
    Rasmussen Reports [568] October 12–13, 20221,000 (LV)± 3.0%40%44%16%
    Harvard/Harris [235] October 12–13, 20222,010 (RV)—43%45%12%
    Redfield & Wilton Strategies [236] October 12, 20221,110 (LV)—40%41%19%
    Siena College/The New York Times [569] October 9–12, 2022792 (LV)—44%45%11%
    John Zogby Strategies [570] October 5, 20221,006 (LV)± 3.2%45%41%14%
    Redfield & Wilton Strategies [237] October 2–3, 20221,128 (LV)—43%41%16%
    YouGov/Yahoo News [571] September 23–27, 20221,138 (RV)± 2.7%47%45%8%
    McLaughlin & Associates [238] September 17–22, 20221,000 (LV)—45%49%6%
    Emerson College [572] September 20–21, 20221,368 (LV)± 2.6%45%44%11%
    ABC News/The Washington Post [573] September 18–21, 2022908 (RV)± 3.5%46%48%6%
    Premise [574] September 16–19, 20221,703 (A)—51%49%—
    Echelon Insights [575] September 16–19, 20221,056 (LV)± 3.8%47%44%9%
    Refield & Wilton Strategies [239] September 14–15, 20221,163 (LV)—43%40%17%
    Marquette University [576] September 6–14, 20221,282 (RV)± 3.6%42%36%22%
    Siena College/The New York Times [577] September 6–14, 20221,399 (RV)—45%42%13%
    Harvard/Harris [240] September 7–8, 20221,854 (RV)—42%45%13%
    Echelon Insights [578] August 31 – September 7, 20221,228 (LV)± 3.5%46%45%9%
    YouGov/Yahoo News [579] September 2–6, 20221,247 (RV)± 2.6%48%42%10%
    Premise [580] September 2–5, 20221,185 (RV)—51%49%—
    Redfield & Wilton Strategies [241] August 28, 20221,050 (LV)—40%42%18%
    Fabrizio Ward/Impact Research [581] August 17–25, 20221,313 (RV)—50%44%6%
    Emerson College [582] August 23–24, 20221,000 (RV)± 3.0%43%42%15%
    McLaughlin & Associates [242] August 20–24, 20221,000 (LV)—45%49%6%
    Echelon Insights [583] August 19–22, 20221,054 (LV)± 3.6%47%42%11%
    YouGov/Yahoo News [584] August 18–22, 20221,185 (RV)—46%42%12%
    Redfield and Wilton Strategies [243] August 17, 20221,156 (LV)—39%42%19%
    YouGov/Yahoo News [244] July 28 – August 1, 20221,152 (RV)—45%42%13%
    Redfield and Wilton Strategies [245] July 29, 20221,094 (LV)—35%42%23%
    Harvard/Harris [246] July 27–28, 20221,885 (RV)—41%45%14%
    Rasmussen Reports [585] July 26–27, 20221,000 (LV)± 3.0%40%46%14%
    Suffolk University [586] July 22–25, 20221,000 (RV)± 3.1%45%41%14%
    Emerson College [587] July 19–20, 20221,078 (RV)± 2.9%43%46%11%
    Echelon Insights [247] July 15–18, 20221,022 (LV)—46%44%10%
    The Trafalgar Group (R) [588] July 11–14, 20221,085 (LV)± 2.9%43%48%10%
    YouGov/Yahoo News [589] July 8–11, 20221,261 (RV)—44%43%13%
    Redfield and Wilton Strategies [248] July 9, 20221,078 (LV)—41%43%16%
    The New York Times/Siena College [590] July 5–7, 2022849 (RV)± 4.1%44%41%14%
    Harvard/Harris [249] June 28–29, 20221,308 (RV)—40%43%17%
    Emerson College [591] June 28–29, 20221,271 (RV)± 2.7%39%44%17%
    YouGov/Yahoo News [250] June 24–27, 20221,239 (RV)—46%43%11%
    McLaughlin & Associates [251] June 17–22, 20221,000 (LV)—44%49%7%
    Echelon Insights [592] June 17–20, 20221,030 (LV)—45%43%12%
    Redfield and Wilton Strategies [252] June 15, 20221,064 (LV)—38%41%21%
    YouGov/Yahoo News [593] June 10–13, 20221,243 (RV)—42%44%14%
    Redfield and Wilton Strategies [253] May 30, 20221,173 (LV)—38%42%20%
    Emerson College [594] May 24–25, 20221,148 (RV)± 2.8%42%44%14%
    Echelon Insights [595] May 20–23, 20221,020 (LV)—45%44%11%
    YouGov/Yahoo News [596] May 19–22, 20221,360 (RV)—44%42%14%
    Harvard/Harris [254] May 18–19, 20221,963 (RV)—42%45%13%
    Redfield and Wilton Strategies [255] May 17, 20221,120 (LV)—39%42%19%
    Rasmussen Reports [597] April 28 – May 2, 20221,004 (LV)± 3.0%36%50%14%
    Redfield and Wilton Strategies [256] May 1, 20221,096 (LV)—40%44%16%
    Emerson College [598] April 25–26, 20221,000 (RV)± 3.0%42%43%15%
    McLaughlin & Associates [257] April 22–26, 20221,000 (LV)—43%50%7%
    Morning Consult [599] April 22–25, 20222,004 (RV)± 2.0%45%44%11%
    InsiderAdvantage (R) [600] April 21–23, 2022750 (RV)± 3.6%43%47%10%
    YouGov/Yahoo News [601] April 19–22, 20221,187 (RV)—43%41%16%
    Harvard/Harris [258] April 20–21, 20221,966 (RV)—43%45%12%
    Echelon Insights [259] April 18–20, 20221,001 (LV)—45%44%11%
    Redfield and Wilton Strategies [260] April 18, 20221,500 (LV)—41%43%16%
    YouGov/Yahoo News [602] March 31 – April 4, 20221,233 (RV)—45%40%15%
    Redfield and Wilton Strategies [261] April 3, 20221,205 (LV)—38%43%19%
    Marquette Law School [603] March 14–24, 20221,004 (A)± 4.0%41%37%22%
    Harvard/Harris [262] March 23–24, 20221,990 (RV)—41%47%12%
    McLaughlin & Associates [263] March 17–22, 20221,000 (LV)—46%49%5%
    Echelon Insights [604] March 18–21, 20221,050 (RV)—46%44%10%
    University of Massachusetts Lowell [605] March 15–21, 2022873 (RV)± 3.7%44%42%14%
    Redfield and Wilton Strategies [264] March 20, 20221,193 (LV)—41%41%18%
    Emerson College [606] March 18–20, 20221,023 (RV)± 3.0%42%45%13%
    YouGov/Yahoo News [607] March 10–14, 20221,225 (RV)—47%39%14%
    Redfield and Wilton Strategies [265] March 8, 20221,194 (LV)—40%42%18%
    Wall Street Journal [608] March 2–7, 20221,500 (RV)—45%45%9%
    Schoen Cooperman Research [266] March 2–6, 2022800 (LV)—44%44%12%
    YouGov/Yahoo News [609] February 24–27, 20221,532 (A)± 2.9%40%39%21%
    NewsNation [610] February 23–24, 20221,046 (RV)—37%41%22%
    Harvard/Harris [267] February 23–24, 20222,026 (RV)—42%48%10%
    Echelon Insights [611] February 19–23, 20221,078 (RV)—45%43%12%
    Redfield and Wilton Strategies [268] February 23, 20221,367 (LV)—42%38%20%
    McLaughlin & Associates [269] February 16–22, 20221,000 (LV)—45%48%7%
    Emerson College [612] February 19–20, 20221,138 (RV)± 2.8%44%48%8%
    Redfield and Wilton Strategies [270] February 6, 20221,406 (LV)—41%41%18%
    YouGov/Yahoo News [613] January 20–24, 20221,568 (A)± 2.8%42%40%18%
    Morning Consult [614] January 22–23, 20222,005 (RV)± 2.0%45%44%11%
    Echelon Insights [615] January 21–23, 20221,098 (RV)—47%43%10%
    Marquette Law School [616] [n] January 10–21, 20221,000 (A)—43%33%24%
    Harvard/Harris [271] January 19–20, 20221,815 (RV)—40%46%14%
    McLaughlin & Associates [272] January 13–18, 20221,000 (LV)—44%49%7%
    Redfield and Wilton Strategies [273] January 8–9, 20221,430 (LV)—39%38%23%
    PMC [ disambiguation needed ]/John Bolton Super Pac [617] January 6, 20221,000 (LV)± 3.1%45%44%11%
    Rasmussen Reports [618] January 5, 20221,015 (LV)± 3.0%40%46%14%

    Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump (2021)

    Poll sourceDateSample
    size [c]     		Margin
    of error    		 Joe
    Biden
    Democratic     		Donald
    Trump
    Republican     		Others/
    Undecided
    InsiderAdvantage (R) [619] December 17–19, 2021750 (RV)± 3.6%41%49%10%
    Redfield and Wilton Strategies [620] December 18, 20211,411 (LV)—34%39%27%
    YouGov/Yahoo News [621] December 9–13, 20211,558 (A)—47%41%12%
    Echelon Insights [622] December 9–13, 20211,098 (RV)—47%44%9%
    Redfield and Wilton Strategies [274] December 5, 20211,387 (LV)—38%42%20%
    Harvard/Harris [623] November 30 – December 2, 20211,989 (RV)—45%48%7%
    Rasmussen Reports [624] November 22–23, 20211,200 (LV)± 3.0%32%45%23%
    Wall Street Journal [625] November 16–22, 20211,500 (RV)—46%45%10%
    Echelon Insights [626] November 12–18, 20211,013 (RV)—45%45%10%
    McLaughlin & Associates [276] November 11–16, 20211,000 (LV)—44%49%7%
    Redfield and Wilton Strategies [277] November 15, 20211,500 (RV)—35%41%24%
    Marquette Law School [627] [o] November 1–10, 20211,004 (A)—42%34%24%
    YouGov/Yahoo News [628] November 4–8, 20211,673 (A)—43%39%18%
    Suffolk University [629] November 3–5, 20211,000 (RV)± 3.1%40%44%16%
    Emerson College [630] November 3–4, 20211,000 (RV)± 3.0%43%45%12%
    Redfield and Wilton Strategies [631] October 31, 20211,387 (LV)—42%42%16%
    Harvard/Harris [632] October 26–28, 20211,578 (LV)—45%46%9%
    YouGov/Yahoo News [633] October 19–21, 20211,704 (A)—43%40%17%
    Echelon Insights [634] October 15–19, 20211,098 (RV)—48%42%10%
    Redfield and Wilton Strategies [635] October 17, 20211,366 (LV)—42%40%18%
    Selzer and Company/Grinnell College [636] October 13–17, 2021745 (LV)± 3.6%40%40%19%
    Redfield and Wilton Strategies [637] October 4–6, 20211,345 (LV)—43%41%16%
    Echelon Insights [638] September 17–23, 20211,005 (RV)—50%39%11%
    Rasmussen Reports [279] September 21–22, 20211,000 (LV)± 3.0%41%51%8%
    Redfield and Wilton Strategies [639] September 19–20, 20211,330 (LV)—42%40%18%
    McLaughlin & Associates [280] September 9–14, 20211,000 (LV)—47%50%3%
    Redfield and Wilton Strategies [640] September 4–5, 20211,357 (LV)—45%42%13%
    Emerson College [641] August 30 – September 1, 20211,200 (RV)± 2.7%46%47%7%
    Rasmussen Reports [642] August 16–17, 20211,000 (LV)± 3.0%37%43%20%
    YouGov/Yahoo News [643] July 30 – August 2, 20211,552 (A)—47%37%16%
    PMC [ disambiguation needed ]/John Bolton Super Pac [644] July 8, 20211,000 (LV)—46%43%11%
    YouGov/Yahoo News [645] June 22–24, 20211,592 (A)—47%35%18%
    YouGov/Yahoo News [646] May 24–26, 20211,588 (A)—46%36%18%
    YouGov/Yahoo News [647] May 11–13, 20211,561 (A)—48%36%16%
    Ipsos/Reuters [648] April 12–16, 20211,106 (A)—45%28%27%
    PMC [ disambiguation needed ]/John Bolton Super Pac [649] April 3–7, 20211,000 (LV)—46%42%12%

    Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump vs. Robert F. Kennedy Jr. vs. Cornel West vs. Chase Oliver vs. Jill Stein

    Poll sourceDateSample
    size [c]     		Margin
    of error    		 Joe
    Biden
    Democratic     		Donald
    Trump
    Republican     		Robert F.
    Kennedy Jr.
    Independent     		Cornel
    West
    Independent     		Chase
    Oliver
    Libertarian     		Jill
    Stein
    Green     		Others/
    Undecided
    July 21, 2024Biden withdraws from the race.
    NPR/PBS News/Marist College [196] July 9–10, 20241,174 (RV)± 3.3%42%43%8%3%<1%2%2%
    NBC News [198] July 7–9, 2024800 (RV)± 3.5%37%40%10%1%2%3%7%
    Daily Mail/J.L. Partners [202] July 1–3, 20241,000 (LV)± 3.1%37%43%7%2%2%2%7%
    Wall Street Journal [650] June 29 – July 2, 20241,500 (RV)± 2.5%36%42%7%2%1%2%11%
    New York Times/Siena College [317] June 28 – July 2, 20241,532 (LV)± 2.3%37%42%8%<0.5%1%2%9%
    CNN/SSRS [206] June 28–30, 20241,045 (RV)± 3.5%35%41%14%2%1%3%4%
    USA Today/Suffolk University [651] June 28–30, 20241,000 (RV)± 3.1%38%41%8%1%1%1%10%
    New York Times/Siena College [326] June 20–25, 20241,226 (LV)± 3.2%37%40%7%<0.5%1%2%12%
    Quinnipiac University [652] June 20–24, 20241,405 (RV)± 2.6%37%43%11%2%1%2%4%
    McLaughlin & Associates [207] June 18–24, 20241,000 (LV)—37%39%10%2%1%2%9%
    Marist College [653] June 10–12, 20241,184 (RV)± 3.8%41%42%11%3%1%1%1%
    Data for Progress (D)/Zeteo [362] May 1–2, 20241,240 (LV)± 3.0%40%41%12%1%0%1%5%
    Data for Progress (D) [386] March 27–29, 20241,200 (LV)± 3.0%41%42%8%1%1%1%6%

    Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump vs. Robert F. Kennedy Jr. vs. Cornel West vs. Jill Stein

    Poll sourceDateSample
    size [c]     		Margin
    of error    		 Joe
    Biden
    Democratic     		Donald
    Trump
    Republican     		Robert F.
    Kennedy Jr.
    Independent     		Cornel
    West
    Independent     		Jill
    Stein
    Green     		Others/
    Undecided
    July 21, 2024Biden withdraws from the race.
    The Center Square/Noble Predictive Insights [310] July 8–11, 20242,300 (LV)± 2.1%40%43%7%1%1%7%
    Rasmussen Reports [311] July 7–11, 20241,847 (LV)± 2.0%40%46%7%1%1%5%
    NPR/PBS News/Marist College [196] July 9–10, 20241,174 (RV)± 3.3%42%43%8%3%2%2%
    Fox News [197] July 7–10, 20241,210 (RV)± 3.0%41%44%10%1%3%1%
    The Economist/YouGov [299] July 7–9, 20241,443 (RV)± 3.1%40%43%4%1%1%11%
    ABC News/The Washington Post/Ipsos [199] July 5–9, 20242,041 (RV)± 2.0%42%43%9%2%2%2%
    Emerson College [200] July 7–8, 20241,370 (RV)± 2.6%40%44%6%1%1%8%
    Lord Ashcroft [313] June 28 – July 7, 20244,347 (LV)—41%39%9%1%1%9%
    Cygnal (R) [314] July 1–2, 20241,500 (LV)± 2.53%38%44%7%2%2%7%
    The Economist/YouGov [654] June 30 – July 2, 20241,392 (RV)± 3.1%40%42%5%1%1%11%
    CBS News/YouGov [316] June 28 – July 2, 20242,808 (LV)—40%44%11%2%3%—
    Harvard/Harris [320] June 28–30, 20242,090 (RV)—38%46%13%2%2%—
    Forbes/HarrisX [205] June 28–30, 20241,500 (RV)± 2.5%37%42%16%2%3%—
    Issues & Insights/TIPP [325] June 26–28, 20241,244 (RV)± 2.8%40%39%10%2%1%7%
    AtlasIntel/CNN Brazil [655] June 26–28, 20241,634 (RV)± 2.0%40%46%10%1%1%2%
    The Economist/YouGov [656] June 23–25, 20241,406 (RV)± 3.0%42%42%4%1%0%10%
    Leger/New York Post [327] June 22–24, 2024878 (LV)± 3.01%38%38%7%2%2%13%
    The Economist/YouGov [657] June 16–18, 20241,396 (RV)± 3.1%42%42%4%1%1%10%
    Fox News [332] June 14–17, 20241,095 (RV)± 3.0%43%42%10%2%2%1%
    New York Post/YouGov [658] June 11–14, 20241,011 (RV)± 3.6%41%39%3%1%1%16%
    Echelon Insights [659] June 10–12, 20241,013 (LV)± 3.7%42%43%7%2%2%3%
    The Economist/YouGov [660] June 9–11, 20241,399 (RV)± 3.2%40%42%3%1%1%9%
    Cygnal (R) [338] June 4–6, 20241,500 (LV)± 2.53%38%41%8%2%2%8%
    Emerson College [340] June 4–5, 20241,000 (RV)± 3.0%38.4%44.4%5.9%1%1.2%9.1%
    The Economist/YouGov [661] June 2–4, 20241,000 (RV)± 3.1%42%42%3%1%1%10%
    Issues & Insights/TIPP [346] May 29–31, 20241,675 (RV)± 2.5%38%38%10%1%2%9%
    Leger/The Canadian Press [347] May 24–26, 2024883 (LV)± 3.09%37%39%9%2%2%11%
    The Economist/YouGov [662] May 25–28, 20241,547 (RV)± 3.1%40%41%4%1%1%13%
    McLaughlin & Associates [349] [B] May 21–23, 20241,000 (LV)—38%42%9%2%2%7% [p]
    Emerson College [350] May 21–23, 20241,100 (RV)± 2.9%38.7%43.8%5.9%1.0%0.9%9.6%
    The Economist/YouGov [663] May 19–21, 20241,560 (RV)± 2.6%40%41%5%1%1%12%
    Quinnipiac University [352] May 16–20, 20241,374 (RV)± 2.6%41%38%14%2%2%3%
    Cygnal (R) [354] May 14–16, 20241,500 (LV)± 2.53%38%41%9%2%2%8%
    Echelon Insights [355] May 13–16, 20241,023 (LV)± 3.7%38%43%9%1%3%6%
    The Economist/YouGov [664] May 12–14, 20241,586 (RV)± 2.9%41%42%3%1%1%11%
    Fox News [665] May 10–13, 20241,126 (RV)± 3.0%40%43%11%2%2%2%
    Issues & Insights/TIPP [361] May 1–3, 20241,264 (RV)± 2.8%39%38%12%1%1%9%
    USA Today [666] April 30 – May 3, 20241,000 (RV)± 3.1%37%37%8%2%1%15%
    The Economist/YouGov [667] April 28–30, 20241,479 (RV)± 2.9%43%44%3%1%1%8%
    Leger/The Canadian Press [367] April 26–28, 2024887 (LV)± 3.09%38%41%7%1%2%11%
    ABC News/Ipsos [668] April 25–30, 20242,260 (A)± 2.0%42%42%12%2%1%1%
    HarrisX/Harris [368] April 24–25, 20241,961 (RV)± 2.0%39%45%12%2%1%—
    The Economist/YouGov [669] April 21–23, 20241,470 (RV)± 3.3%43%43%3%0%0%11%
    CNN/SSRS [370] April 18–23, 2024967 (RV)± 3.4%33%42%16%4%3%3%
    Quinnipiac University [670] April 18–22, 20241,429 (RV)± 2.6%37%37%16%3%3%4%
    Marist College [374] April 17–18, 20241,047 (RV)± 3.6%43%38%13%2%2%2%
    Hart Research Associates/Public Opinion Strategies/NBC News [671] April 12–16, 20241,000 (RV)± 3.1%39%37%13%2%3%6%
    Emerson College [375] April 16–17, 20241,308 (RV)± 2.6%40%44%8%1%0%7%
    The Economist/YouGov [672] April 14–16, 20241,358 (RV)± 3.1%44%44%3%1%0%8%
    Echelon Insights [379] April 12–14, 20241,020 (LV)± 3.9%41%40%11%2%2%4%
    NY Times/Siena [673] April 7–11, 20241,059 (LV)± 3.5%42%43%2%<0.5%<0.5%12%
    The Economist/YouGov [674] April 6–9, 20241,583 (RV)± 2.9%42%43%3%1%0%12%
    Issues & Insights/TIPP [675] April 3–5, 20241,265 (RV)± 2.8%38%38%11%2%1%11%
    Emerson College [384] April 2–3, 20241,438 (RV)± 2.5%42%43%8%1%1%6%
    The Economist/YouGov [676] March 30 – April 2, 20241,604 (RV)± 3.1%43%43%2%1%0%9%
    Trafalgar Group (R) [677] March 29–31, 20241,092 (LV)± 2.9%40%43%11%2%1%3%
    NPR/PBS [387] March 25–28, 20241,199 (LV)—43%41%11%1%2%2%
    Quinnipiac University [678] March 21–25, 20241,407 (RV)—38%39%13%3%4%3%
    The Economist/YouGov [394] March 16–19, 20241,510 (RV)—44%43%2%1%0%10%
    Noble Predictive Insights/The Center Square [397] March 11–15, 20242,510 (RV)± 2.0%40%43%7%1%1%7%
    Emerson College [404] March 5–6, 20241,350 (RV)± 2.6%42%43%6%2%1%7%
    Quinnipiac University [408] February 15–19, 20241,421 (RV)± 2.6%38%37%15%3%3%3%
    Emerson College [420] January 26–29, 20241,260 (RV)± 2.7%39%41%5%1%1%13%
    Quinnipiac University [408] January 25–29, 20241,650 (RV)—39%37%14%3%2%5%
    Quinnipiac University [435] December 14–18, 20231,647 (RV)± 2.4%36%38%16%3%3%5% [q]
    Beacon Research/Shaw & Company Research/Fox News [209] December 10–13, 20231,007 (RV)± 3.0%37%41%14%3%2%4% [r]
    Emerson College [446] December 4–6, 20231,000 (RV)± 3%37%43%7%1%1%12%
    Emerson College [452] November 17–20, 20231,475 (RV)± 2.5%36%42%7%1%1%13%
    Beacon Research/Shaw & Company Research/Fox News [209] November 10–13, 20231,001 (RV)± 3.0%35%41%15%3%3%3%
    Quinnipiac University [458] November 9–13, 20231,574 (RV)± 2.5%35%38%17%3%3%4%

    Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump vs. Robert F. Kennedy Jr.

    Poll sourceDateSample
    size [c]     		Margin
    of error    		 Joe
    Biden
    Democratic     		Donald
    Trump
    Republican     		Robert F.
    Kennedy Jr.
    Independent     		Others/
    Undecided
    July 21, 2024Biden withdraws from the race.
    Redfield & Wilton Strategies [679] July 15, 20242,621 (RV)—42%43%6%9%
    Pew Research Center [312] July 1–7, 20247,729 (RV)—40%44%15%2%
    Daily Mail/J.L. Partners [202] July 1–3, 20241,000 (LV)± 3.1%37%43%7%13%
    Florida Atlantic University/Mainstreet Research [319] June 29–30, 2024869 (LV)—39%42%10%9%
    Harvard/Harris [320] June 28–30, 20242,090 (RV)—39%46%15%—
    Forbes/HarrisX [205] June 28–30, 20241,500 (RV)± 2.5%38%43%19%—
    Patriot Polling [680] June 27–29, 20241,029 (RV)—41%44%11%4%
    ActiVote [330] June 5–21, 20242,192 (LV)± 2.1%42%44%14%—
    Reuters/Ipsos [681] June 12, 2024930 (RV)± 3.2%37%38%10%16%
    ActiVote [30] May 23 – June 4, 20241,775 (LV)± 2.3%42%45%13%—
    Reuters/Ipsos [682] May 30–31, 20242,135 (RV)± 2.1%39%37%10%13%
    ActiVote [351] May 6–21, 20241,153 (LV)± 2.9%42%45%13%—
    Harvard-Harris [353] May 15–16, 20241,660 (RV)± 2.0%40%45%14%—
    Reuters/Ipsos [335] May 7–14, 20243,208 (RV)± 2.0%40%40%13%7%
    Ipsos [359] May 7–13, 20241,730 (RV)—37%35%5%23%
    Reuters/Ipsos [683] April 29–30, 2024856 (RV)± 3.2%39%38%8%15%
    ActiVote [365] April 13–30, 20241,025 (LV)± 3.1%41.2%44.4%14.4%—
    Florida Atlantic University/Mainstreet Research [366] April 26–28, 2024851 (LV)± 3.0%43.7%39.5%11%5.9%
    HarrisX/Harris [368] April 24–25, 20241,961 (RV)± 2.0%41%45%14%—
    Change Research (D) [684] April 17–22, 20242,745 (RV)—38%39%8%14%
    ActiVote [381] March 24 – April 10, 2024995 (LV)± 3.1%41%44%15%—
    Reuters/Ipsos [685] March 7–13, 20243,356 (RV)—43%38%12%7%
    Reuters/Ipsos [686] January 3–9, 20244,677 (RV)± 1.5%29%30%18%23%
    Quinnipiac University [435] December 14–18, 20231,647 (RV)± 2.4%38%36%22%4%
    Rasmussen Reports [443] December 6–7 & 10, 2023892 (LV)± 3.0%32%40%16%12% [s]
    Cygnal (R) [444] December 5–7, 20232,000 (LV)± 2.16%42%43%9%6%
    Harvard/Harris [687] November 15–16, 20232,851 (RV)—36%44%21%0%
    Reuters/Ipsos [427] November 13–14, 20231,006 (RV)± 3.8%30%32%20%18%
    Quinnipiac University [688] November 9–13, 20231,574 (RV)± 2.5%37%38%21%4%
    Rasmussen Reports [689] November 8–12, 2023987 (LV)± 3.0%38%39%12%11%
    Sienna College [690] October 22 – November 3, 20233,662 (RV)± 1.8%33%35%24%8%
    Cygnal (R) [691] October 30 – November 1, 20232,000 (LV)± 2.2%40%39%12%8%
    American Pulse Research & Polling [466] October 27–30, 2023568 (LV)± 4.1%39%39%11%11%
    Quinnipiac University [692] October 26–30, 20231,610 (RV)± 2.4%39%36%22%3%
    Redfield & Wilton [693] October 29, 20231,500 (LV)± 2.0%38%40%10%12%
    Susquehanna [694] October 17–27, 20231,000 (LV)± 3.2%47%40%6%7%
    McLaughlin and Associates [695] October 23–26, 2023449 (LV)± 3.1%37%39%14%11%
    USA Today/Suffolk University [696] October 17–20, 20231,000 (RV)± 3.1%38%37%14%11%
    Harvard Harris [470] October 18–19, 20232,103 (RV)± 2%36%42%22%—
    Yahoo News/YouGov [697] October 10–16, 20231,123 (RV)± 2.7%40%39%9%12%
    NPR/PBS/Marist [698] October 11, 20231,218 (RV)± 3.9%44%37%16%3%
    October 9, 2023Kennedy announces he will run as an independent candidate
    Fox News [476] October 6–9, 20231,007 (RV)± 3.0%41%41%16%2%
    Cygnal (R) [699] October 3–5, 20232,000 (A)± 2.16%39%40%12%9%
    Reuters/Ipsos [700] October 3–4, 20231,005 (A)± 4.0%31%33%14%22%
    Echelon Insights [478] September 25–28, 20231,011 (LV)± 4.0%36%40%14%10%
    American Values [701] September 24, 20231,008± 3.2%38%38%19%5%

    Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump vs. Cornel West

    Poll sourceDateSample
    size [c]     		Margin
    of error    		 Joe
    Biden
    Democratic     		Donald
    Trump
    Republican     		Cornel
    West
    Independent     		Others/
    Undecided
    July 21, 2024Biden withdraws from the race.
    The Wall Street Journal [702] August 24–30, 20231,500 (RV)—39%40%2%19%
    Emerson College [703] August 25–26, 20231,000 (RV)± 3.0%39%44%4%13%
    McLaughlin & Associates [704] August 15–23, 20231,000 (LV)—41%42%6%11%
    Emerson College [705] August 16–17, 20231,000 (RV)± 3.0%41%42%5%12%
    McLaughlin & Associates [706] July 19–24, 20231,000 (LV)—40%42%5%13%
    Echelon Insights [707] June 26–29, 20231,020 (LV)± 3.9%42%43%4%11%
    Emerson College [496] June 19–20, 20231,015 (RV)± 3.0%40%41%6%13%

    Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump vs. Robert F. Kennedy Jr. vs. Cornel West

    Poll sourceDateSample
    size [c]     		Margin
    of error    		 Joe
    Biden
    Democratic     		Donald
    Trump
    Republican     		Robert F.
    Kennedy Jr.
    Independent     		Cornel
    West
    Independent     		Others/
    Undecided
    July 21, 2024Biden withdraws from the race.
    Big Village [708] June 7–9, 20241,423 (LV)± 3.0%43%42%7%1%7%
    Big Village [709] May 3–8, 20243,032 (LV)± 2.0%41.9%40.6%8.8%1.2%7.5%
    Big Village [710] March 29–31, 20241,425 (LV)± 3.4%42%40%8%2%8%
    SSRS/CNN [447] November 29 – December 6, 20231,197 (RV)± 3.4%31%39%20%6%4% [t]
    HarrisX [449] November 22–28, 20234,003 (RV)—33%41%13%2%11%
    HarrisX/The Messenger [711] November 15–19, 20233,017 (LV)± 1.8%33%40%14%2%11%
    Big Village [712] October 30 – November 5, 20231,497 (LV)± 2.2%37.1%40.1%12.4%1.7%8.7%
    CNN/SSRS [713] October 27 – November 2, 20231,271 (RV)± 3.1%35%41%16%4%3%
    HarrisX/The Messenger [464] October 30 – November 1, 20232,021 (RV)± 2.2%36%41%11%2%10%
    Quinnipiac University [692] October 26–30, 20231,610 (RV)± 2.4%36%35%19%6%4%
    McLaughlin and Associates (R) [714] October 23–26, 2023449 (LV)± 3.1%35%38%12%2%13%
    Harris X/The Messenger [715] October 16–23, 20233,029 (RV)± 1.8%35%38%13%2%12%
    USA Today/Suffolk University [469] October 17–20, 20231,000 (RV)± 3.1%37%37%13%4%9%
    Harvard/Harris X [716] October 18–19, 20232,116 (RV)± 2%31%39%18%3%9%
    Zogby Analytics [717] October 13–15, 2023869 (LV)± 3.3%41.2%42.6%12.5%3.7%—
    October 9, 2023Kennedy announces he will run as an independent candidate
    October 5, 2023West announces he will run as an independent candidate

    Undeclared and generic candidates

    The following nationwide polls feature at least one individual who is not a candidate for president, nor have they declined the possibility of a future campaign, as well as unnamed "generic" party candidates. Some candidates listed as "Independent" below do have a political party affiliation, but the poll was conducted on the hypothetical that they ran an independent campaign outside their party's nomination process.

    Hypothetical polling with other candidates

    Joe Biden vs. Liz Cheney

    Poll sourceDateSample
    size [c]     		Margin
    of error    		 Joe
    Biden
    Democratic     		Liz
    Cheney
    Republican     		Others/
    Undecided
    Emerson College [543] November 18–19, 20221,380 (RV)± 2.5%37%19%44%
    Morning Consult [560] November 2–7, 20223,980 (RV)± 3.0%32%25%43%
    Premise [580] September 2–5, 20221,185 (RV)—42%58%—

    Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump with Liz Cheney as an independent

    Poll sourceDateSample
    size [c]     		Margin
    of error    		 Joe
    Biden
    Democratic     		Donald
    Trump
    Republican     		Liz
    Cheney
    Independent     		Others/
    Undecided
    Ipsos/Reuters [539] February 6–13, 2023915 (RV)± 4.0%32%39%15%14%
    Premise [580] September 2–5, 20221,185 (RV)—37%42%21%—
    Echelon Insights [21] August 19–22, 20221,054 (LV)± 3.6%38%41%12%9%
    YouGov/Yahoo News [584] August 18–22, 20221,185 (RV)—32%40%11%17%

    Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump vs. Nikki Haley as an independent

    Poll sourceDateSample
    size [c]     		Margin
    of error    		 Joe
    Biden
    Democratic     		Donald
    Trump
    Republican     		Nikki
    Haley
    Independent     		Undecided
    SurveyUSA [417] January 31 – February 2, 20241,048 (LV)± 3.7%40%45%13%3%

    Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump vs. Nikki Haley as an independent vs. Robert F. Kennedy Jr.

    Poll sourceDateSample
    size [c]     		Margin
    of error    		 Joe
    Biden
    Democratic     		Donald
    Trump
    Republican     		Nikki
    Haley
    Independent     		Robert F.
    Kennedy Jr.
    Independent     		Undecided
    SurveyUSA [417] January 31 – February 2, 20241,048 (LV)± 3.7%36%43%11%9%2%

    Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump vs. Nikki Haley as an independent vs. Robert F. Kennedy Jr. vs Cornel West as an independent

    Poll sourceDateSample
    size [c]     		Margin
    of error    		 Joe
    Biden
    Democratic     		Donald
    Trump
    Republican     		Nikki
    Haley
    Independent     		Robert F.
    Kennedy Jr.
    Independent     		Cornel
    West
    Independent     		Undecided
    SurveyUSA [417] January 31 – February 2, 20241,048 (LV)± 3.7%36%41%10%10%1%2%

    Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump vs. Mark Cuban vs. Robert F. Kennedy Jr. vs. Jill Stein vs. Cornel West

    Poll sourceDateSample
    size [c]     		Margin
    of error    		 Joe
    Biden
    Democratic     		Donald
    Trump
    Republican     		Mark
    Cuban
    Independent     		Robert F.
    Kennedy Jr.
    Independent     		Jill
    Stein
    Green     		Cornel
    West
    Independent     		Others/
    Undecided
    Echelon Insights [436] December 12–16, 20231,012 (LV)± 4.1%36%41%4%9%1%1%8%

    Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump vs. Andrew Yang

    Poll sourceDateSample
    size [c]     		Margin
    of error    		 Joe
    Biden
    Democratic     		Donald
    Trump
    Republican     		Andrew
    Yang
    Forward     		Others/
    Undecided
    Echelon Insights [21] August 19–22, 20221,054 (LV)± 3.6%43%39%8%10%
    Echelon Insights [634] October 15–19, 20211,098 (RV)—44%40%5%11%

    Joe Biden vs. Chris Christie

    Poll sourceDateSample
    size [c]     		Margin
    of error    		 Joe
    Biden
    Democratic     		Chris
    Christie
    Republican     		Others/
    Undecided
    Fox News [484] September 9–12, 20231,012 (RV)± 3.0%42%41%17%
    CNN/SSRS [485] August 25–31, 20231,259 (RV)± 3.5%42%44%14%
    The Guardian [718] July 11–19, 20231,104 (RV)± 1.5%43%47%10%
    Morning Consult [560] November 2–7, 20223,980 (RV)± 3.0%39%30%31%

    Joe Biden vs. Ron DeSantis

    Poll sourceDateSample
    size [c]     		Margin
    of error    		 Joe
    Biden
    Democratic     		Ron
    DeSantis
    Republican     		Others/
    Undecided
    Echelon Insights [436] December 12–16, 20231,012 (LV)± 4.1%46%45%9%
    Beacon Research/Shaw & Company Research/Fox News [439] December 10–13, 20231,007 (RV)± 3.0%47%47%5% [u]
    Clarity Campaign Labs [442] December 7–10, 20231,052 (RV)± 1.81%45%39%16% [v]
    SSRS/CNN [447] November 29 – December 6, 20231,197 (RV)± 3.4%42%49%9% [w]
    YouGov [450] November 20–27, 20231,000 (A)± 4.1%38%35%27%
    Echelon Insights [454] November 14–17, 20231,006 (LV)± 4.1%45%43%12%
    Beacon Research/Shaw & Company Research/Fox News [209] November 10–13, 20231,001 (RV)± 3.0%45%50%5%
    SSRS/CNN [463] October 27 – November 2, 20231,271 (RV)± 3.1%46%48%6%
    Morning Consult [468] October 20–22, 20235,000 (RV)± 1%43%38%19%
    Fox News [476] October 6–9, 20231,007 (RV)± 3.0%47%49%3%
    Echelon Insights [478] September 25–28, 20231,011 (LV)± 4.0%42%41%17%
    NBC News [482] September 15–19, 20231,000 (RV)± 3.1%46%45%6%
    Harvard/Harris [210] [G] September 13–14, 20232,103 (RV)—42%38%20%
    Fox News [484] September 9–12, 20231,012 (RV)± 3.0%47%44%6%
    CNN/SSRS [485] August 25–31, 20231,259 (RV)± 3.5%47%47%6%
    Noble Predictive Insights/The Center Square [488] July 31 – August 3, 20232,500 (RV)± 2.4%43%41%16%
    Big Village [489] July 24–26, 20231,663 (RV)± 2.2%43%38%19%
    Marquette University [492] July 7–12, 2023788 (RV)± 4.2%48%51%—
    Emerson College [496] June 19–20, 20231,015 (RV)± 3.0%43%37%21%
    NBC News [497] June 16–20, 20231,000 (RV)± 3.1%47%47%6%
    The Hill [719] June 14–15, 20232,090 (RV)—40%41%19%
    Morning Consult [499] June 9–11, 20236,000 (RV)± 1%43%39%18%
    YouGov [500] May 25–30, 20231,011 (RV)—46%40%14%
    Harvard/Harris [211] May 17–18, 20232,004 (RV)—42%42%16%
    Marquette University [720] May 8–18, 20231,000 (A)± 3.7%37%38%25%
    Redfield & Wilton Strategies [212] May 17, 20231,117 (LV)—47%33%20%
    YouGov/The Economist [504] May 13–16, 20231,302 (RV)± 2.8%41%41%18%
    Premise [505] May 12–15, 20231,591 (RV)—39%36%25%
    Morning Consult [506] May 12–14, 20236,000 (RV)± 1.0%43%41%16%
    YouGov/Yahoo News [508] May 5–8, 20231,057 (RV)—45%42%15%
    Morning Consult [506] May 5–7, 20236,000 (RV)—44%40%16%
    Emerson College [511] April 24–25, 20231,100 (RV)—43%37%20%
    Morning Consult [506] April 21–23, 20236,000 (RV)—44%40%16%
    Harvard/Harris [213] April 18–19, 20231,845 (RV)—40%43%17%
    Premise [514] April 14–17, 20231,485 (RV)—40%37%23%
    YouGov/Yahoo News [515] April 14–17, 20231,027 (RV)—45%41%14%
    Morning Consult [506] April 14–16, 20236,000 (RV)± 1.0%42%41%17%
    Morning Consult [506] April 7–9, 20235,000 (RV)± 1.0%43%41%16%
    Redfield & Wilton Strategies [214] April 4, 20231,180 (LV)—45%36%19%
    Premise [518] March 31 – April 3, 20231,562 (RV)—38%38%24%
    Rasmussen Reports [519] March 30 – April 3, 2023971 (LV)± 3.0%38%46%16%
    Morning Consult [506] March 31 – April 2, 20235,000 (RV)± 1.0%42%40%18%
    Echelon Insights [522] March 27–29, 20231,007 (LV)± 3.8%45%42%13%
    Cygnal (R) [523] March 26–27, 20232,550 (LV)± 1.9%45%45%10%
    Quinnipiac University [13] March 23–27, 20231,600 (RV)± 2.5%46%48%6%
    Morning Consult [506] March 24–26, 20235,000 (RV)± 1.0%42%41%17%
    Harvard/Harris [215] March 22–23, 20232,905 (RV)—41%44%15%
    Marquette University [525] March 12–22, 2023863 (RV)± 4.0%41%42%17%
    Premise [526] March 16–21, 20231,509 (RV)—38%39%23%
    Redfield & Wilton Strategies [216] March 20, 20231,250 (LV)—45%38%17%
    YouGov/Yahoo News [527] March 16–20, 20231,060 (RV)± 2.7%43%43%14%
    Morning Consult [506] March 17–19, 20235,000 (RV)± 1.0%43%41%16%
    Quinnipiac University [528] March 9–13, 20231,635 (RV)± 2.4%47%46%7%
    Morning Consult [506] March 10–12, 20235,000 (RV)± 1.0%43%42%15%
    Wick Insights [529] March 6–9, 20231,125 (LV)—41%44%15%
    Premise [531] March 4–7, 20231,621 (RV)—39%39%22%
    Morning Consult [506] March 3–5, 20235,000 (RV)± 1.0%44%40%16%
    Cygnal (R) [532] February 24–27, 20232,424 (LV)± 2.0%46%45%9%
    YouGov/Yahoo News [218] February 23–27, 20231,014 (RV)± 2.7%42%44%14%
    Emerson College [534] February 24–25, 20231,060 (RV)± 2.9%44%40%16%
    Morning Consult [506] February 23–25, 20236,000 (RV)—42%41%17%
    Echelon Insights [535] February 21–23, 20231,023 (LV)—44%47%9%
    Redfield & Wilton Strategies [220] February 19, 20231,102 (LV)—43%34%23%
    Morning Consult [506] February 17–19, 20236,000 (RV)± 1.0%41%42%17%
    Premise [536] February 16–19, 20231,717 (RV)—42%37%21%
    Harvard/Harris [221] February 15–16, 20231,838 (RV)—41%42%17%
    Quinnipac University [538] February 9–14, 20231,429 (RV)± 2.6%46%47%7%
    Ipsos/Reuters [539] February 6–13, 2023915 (RV)± 4.0%38%41%21%
    Morning Consult [506] February 10–12, 20236,000 (RV)—43%41%16%
    Public Policy Polling (D) [223] February 10–11, 20231,056 (RV)—47%44%9%
    YouGov/Yahoo News [540] February 2–6, 20231,063 (RV)± 2.8%43%44%13%
    Morning Consult [506] February 3–5, 20236,000 (RV)± 1.0%42%42%16%
    Redfield & Wilton Strategies [224] January 28–29, 20231,139 (LV)—40%39%21%
    Morning Consult [506] January 27–29, 20236,000 (RV)± 1.0%42%41%17%
    Echelon Insights [542] January 23–25, 20231,024 (LV)± 3.9%42%45%13%
    Morning Consult [506] January 20–22, 20236,000 (RV)± 1.0%41%43%16%
    Emerson College [543] January 19–21, 20231,015 (RV)± 2.5%40%39%21%
    Cygnal (R) [544] January 19–20, 20232,529 (LV)± 2.0%46%45%9%
    Marquette University [545] January 9–20, 2023790 (RV)± 4.0%38%45%17%
    Harvard/Harris [226] January 18–19, 20232,050 (RV)—39%42%19%
    YouGov/The Economist [61] January 14–17, 20231,314 (RV)± 3.0%43%43%14%
    Redfield & Wilton Strategies [227] January 16, 20231,458 (RV)—40%38%22%
    YouGov/YahooNews [547] January 12–16, 20231,028 (RV)± 2.7%44%42%14%
    Morning Consult [506] January 10–12, 20236,000 (RV)± 1.0%41%44%15%
    Morning Consult [506] January 6–8, 20237,500 (RV)± 1.0%43%43%14%
    WPA Intelligence [548] January 2–8, 20231,035 (LV)± 3.0%42%45%13%
    Morning Consult [506] December 31, 2022 – January 2, 20238,000 (RV)± 1.0%42%42%16%
    YouGov/Yahoo News [550] December 15–19, 20221,041 (RV)± 2.7%43%43%14%
    Morning Consult [506] December 16–18, 20227,000 (RV)± 1.0%43%42%15%
    Harvard/Harris [228] December 14–15, 20221,851 (RV)—39%43%18%
    Echelon Insights [551] December 12–14, 20221,021 (LV)± 3.7%44%44%12%
    Morning Consult [506] December 9–11, 20227,000 (RV)± 1.0%42%42%16%
    Suffolk University [552] December 7–11, 20221,000 (RV)± 3.1%43%47%10%
    Redfield & Wilton Strategies [230] December 5, 20221,162 (LV)—42%40%18%
    YouGov/Yahoo News [554] December 1–5, 20221,204 (RV)± 2.6%44%44%12%
    Marquette University [555] November 15–22, 2022840 (RV)± 4.0%42%42%16%
    Emerson College [543] November 18–19, 20221,380 (RV)± 2.5%43%39%18%
    Echelon Insights [556] November 17–19, 20221,036 (LV)± 3.8%42%45%13%
    Redfield & Wilton Strategies [231] November 17, 20221,203 (LV)—43%39%18%
    Harvard/Harris [232] November 16–17, 20222,212 (RV)—43%43%14%
    Léger [557] November 11–13, 20221,007 (A)—33%35%32%
    Democracy Corps/GQR [559] November 6–8, 20221,000 (RV)—45%49%6%
    Morning Consult [560] November 2–7, 20223,980 (RV)± 3.0%40%40%20%
    Marquette University [576] September 6–14, 20221,282 (RV)± 3.6%43%38%19%
    Echelon Insights [578] August 31 – September 7, 20221,228 (LV)± 3.5%46%41%13%
    YouGov/Yahoo News [244] July 28 – August 1, 20221,152 (RV)—45%42%13%
    Echelon Insights [247] July 15–18, 20221,022 (LV)—45%41%14%
    YouGov/Yahoo News [250] June 24–27, 20221,239 (RV)—45%42%13%
    Rasmussen Reports [597] April 28 – May 2, 20221,004 (LV)± 3.0%35%46%19%
    Marquette Law School [603] March 14–24, 20221,004 (A)± 4.0%38%33%29%
    Morning Consult [614] January 22–23, 20222,005 (RV)± 2.0%44%39%17%
    Marquette Law School [721] [x] January 10–21, 20221,000 (A)—41%33%26%
    Harvard/Harris [275] November 30 – December 2, 20211,989 (RV)—43%36%21%
    Emerson College [641] August 30 – September 1, 20211,200 (RV)± 2.7%48%36%16%
    Echelon Insights [722] April 16–23, 20211,043 (RV)—45%28%27%
    Ipsos/Reuters [648] April 12–16, 20211,105 (A)—41%25%34%

    Joe Biden vs. Ron DeSantis with Donald Trump as an independent

    Poll sourceDateSample
    size [c]     		Margin
    of error    		 Joe
    Biden
    Democratic     		Ron
    DeSantis
    Republican     		Donald
    Trump
    Independent     		Others/
    Undecided
    Ipsos/Reuters [723] May 9–15, 20234,415 (A)—37%19%22%22%
    Ipsos/Reuters [724] April 21–24, 20231,005 (A)—38%19%22%21%
    Echelon Insights [21] August 19–22, 20221,054 (LV)± 3.6%46%23%21%10%

    Joe Biden vs. Vivek Ramaswamy

    Poll sourceDateSample
    size [c]     		Margin
    of error    		 Joe
    Biden
    Democratic     		Vivek
    Ramaswamy
    Republican     		Others/
    Undecided
    Harvard/Harris [210] [H] September 13–14, 20232,103 (RV)—39%37%24%
    Fox News [484] September 9–12, 20231,012 (RV)± 3.0%44%45%7%
    CNN/SSRS [485] August 25–31, 20231,259 (RV)± 3.5%46%45%11%

    Joe Biden vs. Mitt Romney

    Poll sourceDateSample
    size [c]     		Margin
    of error    		 Joe
    Biden
    Democratic     		Mitt
    Romney
    Republican     		Others/
    Undecided
    Emerson College [471] October 16–17, 20231,578 (RV)± 2.4%40%30%29%
    Morning Consult [560] November 2–7, 20223,980 (RV)± 3.0%36%33%31%
    Echelon Insights [604] March 18–21, 20221,050 (RV)—41%35%24%
    Emerson College [641] August 30 – September 1, 20211,200 (RV)± 2.7%42%23%35%

    Joe Biden vs. Tom Cotton

    Poll sourceDateSample
    size [c]     		Margin
    of error    		 Joe
    Biden
    Democratic     		Tom
    Cotton
    Republican     		Others/
    Undecided
    Morning Consult [560] November 2–7, 20223,980 (RV)± 3.0%37%31%32%

    Joe Biden vs. Josh Hawley

    Poll sourceDateSample
    size [c]     		Margin
    of error    		 Joe
    Biden
    Democratic     		Josh
    Hawley
    Republican     		Others/
    Undecided
    Morning Consult [560] November 2–7, 20223,980 (RV)± 3.0%38%31%31%

    Joe Biden vs. Larry Hogan

    Poll sourceDateSample
    size [c]     		Margin
    of error    		 Joe
    Biden
    Democratic     		Larry
    Hogan
    Republican     		Others/
    Undecided
    Morning Consult [560] November 2–7, 20223,980 (RV)± 3.0%35%28%37%

    Joe Biden vs. Ted Cruz

    Poll sourceDateSample
    size [c]     		Margin
    of error    		 Joe
    Biden
    Democratic     		Ted
    Cruz
    Republican     		Others/
    Undecided
    Morning Consult [560] November 2–7, 20223,980 (RV)± 3.0%43%37%20%
    Morning Consult [614] January 22–23, 20222,005 (RV)± 2.0%45%39%16%
    Ipsos/Reuters [648] April 12–16, 20211,105 (A)—46%24%30%

    Joe Biden vs. Kristi Noem

    Poll sourceDateSample
    size [c]     		Margin
    of error    		 Joe
    Biden
    Democratic     		Kristi
    Noem
    Republican     		Others/
    Undecided
    Morning Consult [560] November 2–7, 20223,980 (RV)± 3.0%37%31%32%

    Joe Biden vs. Mike Pence

    Poll sourceDateSample
    size [c]     		Margin
    of error    		 Joe
    Biden
    Democratic     		Mike
    Pence
    Republican     		Others/
    Undecided
    Harvard/Harris [210] [I] September 13–14, 20232,103 (RV)—42%36%23%
    Fox News [484] September 9–12, 20231,012 (RV)± 3.0%43%44%9%
    CNN/SSRS [485] August 25–31, 20231,259 (RV)± 3.5%44%46%10%
    Wick Insights [529] March 6–9, 20231,125 (LV)—41%41%18%
    Cygnal (R) [532] February 24–27, 20232,424 (LV)± 2.0%45%41%14%
    Public Policy Polling (D) [223] February 10–11, 20231,056 (RV)—46%38%16%
    Cygnal (R) [544] January 19–20, 20232,529 (LV)± 2.0%45%41%14%
    Morning Consult [560] November 2–7, 20223,980 (RV)± 3.0%40%39%21%
    Marquette Law School [603] March 14–24, 20221,004 (A)± 4.0%37%33%29%
    Morning Consult [614] January 22–23, 20222,005 (RV)± 2.0%44%42%14%

    Joe Biden vs. Mike Pompeo

    Poll sourceDateSample
    size [c]     		Margin
    of error    		 Joe
    Biden
    Democratic     		Mike
    Pompeo
    Republican     		Others/
    Undecided
    Morning Consult [560] November 2–7, 20223,980 (RV)± 3.0%39%32%29%

    Joe Biden vs. Marco Rubio

    Poll sourceDateSample
    size [c]     		Margin
    of error    		 Joe
    Biden
    Democratic     		Marco
    Rubio
    Republican     		Others/
    Undecided
    Morning Consult [560] November 2–7, 20223,980 (RV)± 3.0%39%37%24%

    Joe Biden vs. Nikki Haley

    Poll sourceDateSample
    size [c]     		Margin
    of error    		 Joe
    Biden
    Democratic     		Nikki
    Haley
    Republican     		Others/
    Undecided
    Quinnipiac University [408] February 15–19, 20241,421 (RV)± 2.6%46%43%12%
    Emerson College [420] January 26–29, 20241,260 (RV)± 2.7%37%38%25%
    Echelon Insights [436] December 12–16, 20231,012 (LV)± 4.1%41%45%13%
    Beacon Research/Shaw & Company Research/Fox News [439] December 10–13, 20231,007 (RV)± 3.0%43%49%9% [y]
    Emerson College [446] December 4–6, 20231,000 (RV)± 3%38.9%38.6%22.5%
    SSRS/CNN [447] November 29 – December 6, 20231,197 (RV)± 3.4%38%50%12% [z]
    Wall Street Journal [725] November 29 – December 4, 2023750 (RV)—34%51%15%
    Echelon Insights [454] November 14–17, 20231,006 (LV)± 4.1%41%44%15%
    Emerson College [452] November 17–20, 20231,475 (RV)± 2.5%37.5%37.6%24.9%
    Beacon Research/Shaw & Company Research/Fox News [209] November 10–13, 20231,001 (RV)± 3.0%41%52%7%
    YouGov/Yahoo! News [457] November 9–13, 20231,061 (RV)± 2.8%39%37%24%
    SSRS/CNN [463] October 27 – November 2, 20231,271 (RV)± 3.1%43%49%8%
    Fox News [476] October 6–9, 20231,007 (RV)± 3.0%45%49%4%
    NBC News [482] September 15–19, 20231,000 (RV)± 3.1%41%46%14%
    Harvard/Harris [210] [J] September 13–14, 20232,103 (RV)—37%41%21%
    Fox News [484] September 9–12, 20231,012 (RV)± 3.0%43%45%8%
    CNN/SSRS [485] August 25–31, 20231,259 (RV)± 3.5%43%49%8%
    Harvard/Harris [211] May 17–18, 20232,004 (RV)—40%38%22%
    Premise [518] March 31 – April 3, 20231,562 (RV)—36%32%32%
    Harvard/Harris [215] March 22–23, 20232,905 (RV)—42%40%18%
    Premise [526] March 16–21, 20231,509 (RV)—36%34%30%
    Wick Insights [529] March 6–9, 20231,125 (LV)—39%37%24%
    Premise [531] March 4–7, 20231,621 (RV)—37%34%29%
    Cygnal (R) [532] February 24–27, 20232,424 (LV)± 2.0%46%41%13%
    Emerson College [534] February 24–25, 20231,060 (RV)± 2.9%40%37%23%
    Echelon Insights [535] February 21–23, 20231,023 (LV)—43%36%21%
    Rasmussen Reports [726] February 16–20, 2023900 (LV)± 3.0%41%45%10%
    Premise [536] February 16–19, 20231,717 (RV)—39%30%31%
    Morning Consult [537] February 16–19, 20232,000 (RV)± 1.5%41%35%24%
    Ipsos/Reuters [539] February 6–13, 2023915 (RV)± 4.0%43%31%26%
    Public Policy Polling (D) [223] February 10–11, 20231,056 (RV)—45%39%16%
    Morning Consult [560] November 2–7, 20223,980 (RV)± 3.0%39%33%28%
    Ipsos/Reuters [648] April 12–16, 20211,107 (A)—44%19%37%

    Joe Biden vs. Nikki Haley vs. Robert F. Kennedy Jr. vs. Cornel West vs. Jill Stein

    Poll sourceDateSample
    size [c]     		Margin
    of error    		 Joe
    Biden
    Democratic     		Nikki
    Haley
    Republican     		Robert F.
    Kennedy Jr.
    Independent     		Cornel
    West
    Independent     		Jill
    Stein
    Green     		Others/
    Undecided
    Quinnipiac University [408] February 15–19, 20241,421 (RV)± 2.6%35%27%24%5%3%6%

    Joe Biden vs. Rick Scott

    Poll sourceDateSample
    size [c]     		Margin
    of error    		 Joe
    Biden
    Democratic     		Rick
    Scott
    Republican     		Others/
    Undecided
    Morning Consult [560] November 2–7, 20223,980 (RV)± 3.0%38%33%29%

    Joe Biden vs. Tim Scott

    Poll sourceDateSample
    size [c]     		Margin
    of error    		 Joe
    Biden
    Democratic     		Tim
    Scott
    Republican     		Others/
    Undecided
    Harvard/Harris [210] [K] September 13–14, 20232,103 (RV)—37%39%25%
    Fox News [484] September 9–12, 20231,012 (RV)± 3.0%44%43%10%
    CNN/SSRS [485] August 25–31, 20231,259 (RV)± 3.5%44%46%10%
    Wick Insights [529] March 6–9, 20231,125 (LV)—40%34%26%
    Morning Consult [560] November 2–7, 20223,980 (RV)± 3.0%37%32%31%

    Joe Biden vs. generic Republican

    Poll sourceDateSample
    size [c]     		Margin
    of error    		 Joe
    Biden
    Democratic     		Generic
    Republican    		Others/
    Undecided
    NBC News [727] November 10–14, 20231,000 (RV)± 3.1%37%48%15%
    NBC News [728] April 14–18, 2023800 (RV)± 3.5%41%47%12%
    Morning Consult [599] April 22–25, 20222,004 (RV)± 2.0%39%46%15%
    Morning Consult [614] January 22–23, 20222,005 (RV)± 2.0%37%46%17%

    Donald Trump vs. generic Democrat

    Poll sourceDateSample
    size [c]     		Margin
    of error    		 Donald
    Trump
    Republican     		Generic
    Democrat    		Others/
    Undecided
    Cygnal (R) [338] June 4–6, 20241,500 (LV)± 2.53%45%40%15%
    NBC News [727] November 10–14, 20231,000 (RV)± 3.1%40%46%14%

    Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump vs. generic Libertarian vs. generic Green vs. generic No Labels

    Poll sourceDateSample
    size [c]     		Margin
    of error    		 Joe
    Biden
    Democratic     		Donald
    Trump
    Republican     		Generic
    Libertarian    		Generic
    Green    		Generic
    No Labels    		Others/
    Undecided
    NBC News [482] September 15–19, 20231,000 (RV)± 3.1%36%39%5%4%5%11%

    Kamala Harris vs. Ron DeSantis

    Poll sourceDateSample
    size [c]     		Margin
    of error    		 Kamala
    Harris
    Democratic     		Ron
    DeSantis
    Republican     		Others/
    Undecided
    Harvard/Harris [210] [L] September 13–14, 20232,103 (RV)—44%37%19%
    Harvard/Harris [211] May 17–18, 20232,004 (RV)—42%42%16%
    Harvard/Harris [213] April 18–19, 20231,845 (RV)—41%43%16%
    Harvard/Harris [215] March 22–23, 20232,905 (RV)—38%42%20%
    YouGov/Yahoo News [218] February 23–27, 20231,014 (RV)± 2.7%40%45%15%
    Harvard/Harris [221] February 15–16, 20231,838 (RV)—40%42%18%
    Harvard/Harris [226] January 18–19, 20232,050 (RV)—40%43%17%
    Harvard/Harris [228] December 14–15, 20221,851 (RV)—40%45%15%
    Harvard/Harris [232] November 16–17, 20222,212 (RV)—39%42%19%
    Harvard/Harris [240] September 7–8, 20221,854 (RV)—41%38%21%
    Harvard/Harris [246] July 27–28, 20221,885 (RV)—41%40%19%
    Echelon Insights [247] July 15–18, 20221,022 (LV)—43%42%15%
    Harvard/Harris [249] June 28–29, 20221,308 (RV)—39%37%23%
    YouGov/Yahoo News [250] June 24–27, 20221,239 (RV)—45%43%12%
    Harvard/Harris [254] May 18–19, 20221,963 (RV)—41%38%20%
    Harvard/Harris [258] April 20–21, 20221,966 (RV)—42%38%20%
    Harvard/Harris [262] March 23–24, 20221,990 (RV)—40%38%22%
    Harvard/Harris [267] February 23–24, 20222,026 (RV)—41%39%20%
    Harvard/Harris [271] January 19–20, 20221,815 (RV)—39%40%21%
    Harvard/Harris [275] November 30 – December 2, 20211,989 (RV)—42%37%21%
    Harvard/Harris [729] October 26–28, 20211,578 (RV)—40%42%18%
    Echelon Insights [722] April 16–23, 20211,043 (RV)—43%31%26%

    Kamala Harris vs. Mike Pence

    Poll sourceDateSample
    size [c]     		Margin
    of error    		 Kamala
    Harris
    Democratic     		Mike
    Pence
    Republican     		Others/
    Undecided
    Harvard/Harris [210] [M] September 13–14, 20232,103 (RV)—39%39%22%
    Echelon Insights [282] June 18–22, 20211,001 (RV)—45%36%19%

    Kamala Harris vs. Mike Pompeo

    Poll sourceDateSample
    size [c]     		Margin
    of error    		 Kamala
    Harris
    Democratic     		Mike
    Pompeo
    Republican     		Others/
    Undecided
    Harvard/Harris [729] October 26–28, 20211,578 (RV)—41%41%18%

    Kamala Harris vs. Tim Scott

    Poll sourceDateSample
    size [c]     		Margin
    of error    		 Kamala
    Harris
    Democratic     		Tim
    Scott
    Republican     		Others/
    Undecided
    Harvard/Harris [210] [N] September 13–14, 20232,103 (RV)—43%35%22%
    Harvard/Harris [729] October 26–28, 20211,578 (RV)—39%42%19%

    Kamala Harris vs. Nikki Haley

    Poll sourceDateSample
    size [c]     		Margin
    of error    		 Kamala
    Harris
    Democratic     		Nikki
    Haley
    Republican     		Others/
    Undecided
    Harvard/Harris [210] [O] September 13–14, 20232,103 (RV)—40%39%20%
    Harvard/Harris [211] May 17–18, 20232,004 (RV)—41%38%21%
    Harvard/Harris [215] March 22–23, 20232,905 (RV)—38%43%19%

    Al Gore vs. Donald Trump

    Poll sourceDateSample
    size [c]     		Margin
    of error    		 Al
    Gore
    Democratic     		Donald
    Trump
    Republican     		Others/
    Undecided
    Emerson College [200] July 7–8, 20241,370 (RV)± 2.6%42%47%11%

    Michelle Obama vs. Donald Trump

    Poll sourceDateSample
    size [c]     		Margin
    of error    		 Michelle
    Obama
    Democratic     		Donald
    Trump
    Republican     		Others/
    Undecided
    Reuters/Ipsos [203] July 1–2, 20241,070 (A)± 3.5%50%39%11%

    Pete Buttigieg vs. Donald Trump

    Poll sourceDateSample
    size [c]     		Margin
    of error    		 Pete
    Buttigieg
    Democratic     		Donald
    Trump
    Republican     		Others/
    Undecided
    Emerson College [200] July 7–8, 20241,370 (RV)± 2.6%39%49%12%
    CNN/SSRS [206] June 28–30, 20241,045 (RV)± 3.5%43%47%11%
    Data for Progress (D) [730] June 28, 20241,011 (LV)± 3.0%44%47%9%
    Public Policy Polling (D) [223] February 10–11, 20231,056 (RV)—46%44%10%
    McLaughlin & Associates [257] April 22–26, 20221,000 (LV)—39%49%12%
    Harvard/Harris [275] November 30 – December 2, 20211,989 (RV)—37%48%15%

    Hillary Clinton vs. Donald Trump

    Poll sourceDateSample
    size [c]     		Margin
    of error    		 Hillary
    Clinton
    Democratic     		Donald
    Trump
    Republican     		Others/
    Undecided
    Emerson College [200] July 7–8, 20241,370 (RV)± 2.6%41%48%11%
    Bendixen & Amandi International (D) [201] July 2–6, 20241,000 (LV)± 3.1%43%41%16% [aa]
    McLaughlin & Associates [263] March 17–22, 20221,000 (LV)—41%51%8%
    Schoen Cooperman Research [266] March 2–6, 2022800 (LV)—43%46%11%
    McLaughlin & Associates [269] February 16–22, 20221,000 (LV)—43%50%7%
    Echelon Insights [615] January 21–23, 20221,029 (RV)—43%44%13%
    McLaughlin & Associates [272] January 13–18, 20221,000 (LV)—41%51%8%

    Cory Booker vs. Donald Trump

    Poll sourceDateSample
    size [c]     		Margin
    of error    		 Cory
    Booker
    Democratic     		Donald
    Trump
    Republican     		Others/
    Undecided
    Data for Progress (D) [730] June 28, 20241,011 (LV)± 3.0%44%46%10%

    Amy Klobuchar vs. Donald Trump

    Poll sourceDateSample
    size [c]     		Margin
    of error    		 Amy
    Klobuchar
    Democratic     		Donald
    Trump
    Republican     		Others/
    Undecided
    Data for Progress (D) [730] June 28, 20241,011 (LV)± 3.0%43%46%10%

    Joe Manchin vs. Donald Trump

    Poll sourceDateSample
    size [c]     		Margin
    of error    		 Joe
    Manchin
    Democratic     		Donald
    Trump
    Republican     		Others/
    Undecided
    Beacon Research/Shaw & Company Research/Fox News [209] November 10–13, 20231,001 (RV)± 3.0%46%47%7%

    Bernie Sanders vs. Donald Trump

    Poll sourceDateSample
    size [c]     		Margin
    of error    		 Bernie
    Sanders
    Democratic     		Donald
    Trump
    Republican     		Others/
    Undecided
    Emerson College [200] July 7–8, 20241,370 (RV)± 2.6%42%48%10%
    Emerson College [471] October 16–17, 20231,578 (RV)± 2.4%40%48%12%
    Emerson College [587] July 19–20, 20221,078 (RV)± 2.9%40%45%15%
    Morning Consult [599] April 22–25, 20222,004 (RV)± 2.0%42%43%15%

    Elizabeth Warren vs. Donald Trump

    Poll sourceDateSample
    size [c]     		Margin
    of error    		 Elizabeth
    Warren
    Democratic     		Donald
    Trump
    Republican     		Others/
    Undecided
    Emerson College [200] July 7–8, 20241,370 (RV)± 2.6%38.9%48.6%12.5%
    Public Policy Polling (D) [223] February 10–11, 20231,056 (RV)—48%46%6%

    Andy Beshear vs. Donald Trump

    Poll sourceDateSample
    size [c]     		Margin
    of error    		 Andy
    Beshear
    Democratic     		Donald
    Trump
    Republican     		Others/
    Undecided
    Reuters/Ipsos [203] July 1–2, 20241,070 (A)± 3.5%36%40%24%

    Phil Murphy vs. Donald Trump

    Poll sourceDateSample
    size [c]     		Margin
    of error    		 Phil
    Murphy
    Democratic     		Donald
    Trump
    Republican     		Others/
    Undecided
    McLaughlin & Associates [257] April 22–26, 20221,000 (LV)—33%49%18%

    Gavin Newsom vs. Donald Trump

    Poll sourceDateSample
    size [c]     		Margin
    of error    		 Gavin
    Newsom
    Democratic     		Donald
    Trump
    Republican     		Others/
    Undecided
    NPR/PBS News/Marist College [196] July 9–10, 20241,174 (RV)± 3.3%50%48%2%
    Fox News [197] July 7–10, 20241,210 (RV)± 3.0%48%48%4%
    Emerson College [200] July 7–8, 20241,370 (RV)± 2.6%40%48%12%
    Bendixen & Amandi International (D) [201] July 2–6, 20241,000 (LV)± 3.1%37%40%23% [ab]
    Reuters/Ipsos [203] July 1–2, 20241,070 (A)± 3.5%39%42%19%
    CNN/SSRS [206] June 28–30, 20241,045 (RV)± 3.5%43%48%8%
    Data for Progress (D) [730] June 28, 20241,011 (LV)± 3.0%44%47%9%
    Cygnal (R) [444] December 5–7, 20232,000 (LV)± 2.16%40.9%46.6%12.5%
    Beacon Research/Shaw & Company Research/Fox News [209] November 10–13, 20231,001 (RV)± 3.0%45%49%6%
    YouGov/Yahoo News [250] June 24–27, 20221,239 (RV)—45%43%12%

    Gavin Newsom vs. Ron DeSantis

    Poll sourceDateSample
    size [c]     		Margin
    of error    		 Gavin
    Newsom
    Democratic     		Ron
    DeSantis
    Republican     		Others/
    Undecided
    YouGov/Rose Institute [731] October 11–26, 20225,050 (RV)± 3.0%49%51%—
    YouGov/Yahoo News [250] June 24–27, 20221,239 (RV)—43%42%15%

    J.B. Pritzker vs. Donald Trump

    Poll sourceDateSample
    size [c]     		Margin
    of error    		 J.B.
    Pritzker
    Democratic     		Donald
    Trump
    Republican     		Others/
    Undecided
    Reuters/Ipsos [203] July 1–2, 20241,070 (A)± 3.5%34%40%26%
    Data for Progress (D) [730] June 28, 20241,011 (LV)± 3.0%43%46%11%

    Josh Shapiro vs. Donald Trump

    Poll sourceDateSample
    size [c]     		Margin
    of error    		 Josh
    Shapiro
    Democratic     		Donald
    Trump
    Republican     		Others/
    Undecided
    Emerson College [200] July 7–8, 20241,370 (RV)± 2.6%38%46%16%
    Data for Progress (D) [730] June 28, 20241,011 (LV)± 3.0%43%46%12%

    Gretchen Whitmer vs. Donald Trump

    Poll sourceDateSample
    size [c]     		Margin
    of error    		 Gretchen
    Whitmer
    Democratic     		Donald
    Trump
    Republican     		Others/
    Undecided
    NPR/PBS News/Marist College [196] July 9–10, 20241,174 (RV)± 3.3%49%49%2%
    Fox News [197] July 7–10, 20241,210 (RV)± 3.0%48%49%3%
    Emerson College [200] July 7–8, 20241,370 (RV)± 2.6%38%48%14%
    Bendixen & Amandi International (D) [201] July 2–6, 20241,000 (LV)± 3.1%36%40%24% [ac]
    Reuters/Ipsos [203] July 1–2, 20241,070 (A)± 3.5%36%41%23%
    CNN/SSRS [206] June 28–30, 20241,045 (RV)± 3.5%42%47%11%
    Data for Progress (D) [730] June 28, 20241,011 (LV)± 3.0%44%46%10%
    Beacon Research/Shaw & Company Research/Fox News [209] November 10–13, 20231,001 (RV)± 3.0%46%48%6%

    Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump with Joe Manchin as an independent

    Poll sourceDateSample
    size [c]     		Margin
    of error    		 Joe
    Biden
    Democratic     		Donald
    Trump
    Republican     		Joe
    Manchin
    Independent     		Others/
    Undecided
    Echelon Insights [501] May 22–25, 20231,035 (LV)± 3.6%41%42%9%8%

    Joe Biden vs. Ron DeSantis with Joe Manchin as an independent

    Poll sourceDateSample
    size [c]     		Margin
    of error    		 Joe
    Biden
    Democratic     		Ron
    DeSantis
    Republican     		Joe
    Manchin
    Independent     		Others/
    Undecided
    Echelon Insights [501] May 22–25, 20231,035 (LV)± 3.6%42%38%8%12%

    Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump vs. Robert F. Kennedy Jr. with Joe Manchin as an independent

    Poll sourceDateSample
    size [c]     		Margin
    of error    		 Joe
    Biden
    Democratic     		Donald
    Trump
    Republican     		Robert F.
    Kennedy Jr.
    Independent     		Joe
    Manchin
    Independent     		Others/
    Undecided
    Cygnal (R) [444] December 5–7, 20232,000 (LV)± 2.16%41.3%41%8%3.3%6.4%

    Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump vs. Cornel West with Joe Manchin as No Labels Party

    Poll sourceDateSample
    size [c]     		Margin
    of error    		 Joe
    Biden
    Democratic     		Donald
    Trump
    Republican     		Cornel
    West
    Independent     		Joe
    Manchin
    No Labels     		Others/
    Undecided
    McLaughlin & Associates [704] August 15–23, 20231,000 (LV)—38%39%5%7%11%
    McLaughlin & Associates [706] July 19–24, 20231,000 (LV)—38%40%6%5%11%

    Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump vs. Robert F. Kennedy Jr. vs. Joe Manchin as an independent vs. Jill Stein

    Poll sourceDateSample
    size [c]     		Margin
    of error    		 Joe
    Biden
    Democratic     		Donald
    Trump
    Republican     		Robert F.
    Kennedy Jr.
    Independent     		Joe
    Manchin
    Independent     		Jill
    Stein
    Green     		Others/
    Undecided
    Beacon Research/Shaw & Company Research/Fox News [209] November 10–13, 20231,001 (RV)± 3.0%35%40%13%5%4%2%

    Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump vs. Robert F. Kennedy Jr. vs. Cornel West vs. Joe Manchin as No Labels vs. Jill Stein

    Poll sourceDateSample
    size [c]     		Margin
    of error    		 Joe
    Biden
    Democratic     		Donald
    Trump
    Republican     		Robert F.
    Kennedy Jr.
    Independent     		Cornel
    West
    Independent     		Joe
    Manchin
    No Labels     		Jill
    Stein
    Green     		Others/
    Undecided
    McLaughlin & Associates [208] December 13–19, 20231,000 (LV)—34%36%10%2%3%2%13%

    Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump vs. Robert F. Kennedy Jr. vs. Cornel West vs. Joe Manchin as No Labels vs. Jill Stein vs. Lars Mapstead

    Poll sourceDateSample
    size [c]     		Margin
    of error    		 Joe
    Biden
    Democratic     		Donald
    Trump
    Republican     		Robert F.
    Kennedy Jr.
    Independent     		Cornel
    West
    Independent     		Joe
    Manchin
    No Labels     		Jill
    Stein
    Green     		Lars
    Mapstead
    Libertarian     		Others/
    Undecided
    I&I/TIPP [415] January 31 – February 2, 20241,266 (RV)± 2.8%34%40%8%2%3%1%1%12%

    Jerome Segal vs. Donald Trump

    Poll sourceDateSample
    size [c]     		Margin
    of error    		 Jerome
    Segal
    Democratic     		Donald
    Trump
    Republican     		Others/
    Undecided
    John Zogby Strategies [570] October 5, 20221,006 (LV)± 3.2%40%39%21%

    Limitations

    While national polls give important signals on the views of the electorate, the winner of the election is determined by the United States Electoral College, so the level of support for each candidate in each state is important. This is gauged by state-by-state polling.

    Poll results can be affected by methodology, especially in how they predict who will vote in the next election, and re-weighting answers to compensate for slightly non-random samples. One technique, "weighting on recalled vote" is an attempt to compensate for previous underestimates of votes for Donald Trump by rebalancing the sample based on last vote. This can introduce new errors if voters misstate their previous votes. When used for the 2024 presidential election it had produced results closer to the 2020 presidential election than the 2022 mid-term election. [732]

    See also

    Notes

    1. 1 2 3 4 5 Calculated by taking the difference of 100% and all other candidates combined.
    2. ↑ Kennedy dropped out of the race in August 2024, although he remained on the ballot in most states.
    3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 Key:
      A – all adults
      RV – registered voters
      LV – likely voters
      V – unclear
    4. ↑ 5% neither; 9% undecided
    5. ↑ "Third party" with 5%
    6. ↑ Oliver (L) & "Blank/null/won't vote" with 0.3%
    7. ↑ "Third party" with 5%
    8. ↑ "Another candidate" with 11%; Undecided with 4%
    9. ↑ With voters who lean towards a given candidate
    10. ↑ "Other" with 2%; "Wouldn't vote" & "Don't know" with 1%
    11. ↑ "Would not vote" with 6%; "Not sure" with 4%
    12. ↑ "Some other candidate" with 10%; "Not sure" with 4%
    13. ↑ "Other" with 8%; "Do not plan to vote" and "No opinion" with 1%
    14. ↑ Archived January 28, 2022, at the Wayback Machine
    15. ↑ Archived November 20, 2021, at the Wayback Machine
    16. ↑ Lars Mapstead (L) with 1%
    17. ↑ "Undecided" with 3%; "Someone else" & "Wouldn't vote" with 1%
    18. ↑ "Don't know" with 2%; "Other" & "Wouldn't vote" with 1%
    19. ↑ "Some other candidate" & "Not sure" with 6%
    20. ↑ "No opinion" with 2%; "Other" & "Do not plan to vote" with 1%
    21. ↑ "Other" & "Don't know" with 2%; "Wouldn't vote" with 1%
    22. ↑ "Would not vote" with 9%; "Not sure" with 7%
    23. ↑ "Other" with 6%; "Do not plan to vote" with 2%; "No opinion" with 1%
    24. ↑ Archived January 28, 2022, at the Wayback Machine
    25. ↑ "Other", "Wouldn't vote" & "Don't know" with 3%
    26. ↑ "Other" with 8%; "Do not plan to vote" with 3%; "No opinion" with 1%
    27. ↑ "Third party" with 6%
    28. ↑ "Third party" with 8%
    29. ↑ "Third party" with 7%
    1. ↑ Poll sponsored by Harvard University Center for American Political Studies
    2. 1 2 Poll sponsored by Lawrence Kadish
    3. ↑ Poll sponsored by Kennedy's campaign
    4. ↑ Poll sponsored by Progress Action Fund, a Democratic super PAC
    5. ↑ Poll sponsored by Harvard University Center for American Political Studies
    6. ↑ Poll sponsored by Trump's campaign
    7. ↑ Poll sponsored by Harvard University Center for American Political Studies
    8. ↑ Poll sponsored by Harvard University Center for American Political Studies
    9. ↑ Poll sponsored by Harvard University Center for American Political Studies
    10. ↑ Poll sponsored by Harvard University Center for American Political Studies
    11. ↑ Poll sponsored by Harvard University Center for American Political Studies
    12. ↑ Poll sponsored by Harvard University Center for American Political Studies
    13. ↑ Poll sponsored by Harvard University Center for American Political Studies
    14. ↑ Poll sponsored by Harvard University Center for American Political Studies
    15. ↑ Poll sponsored by Harvard University Center for American Political Studies

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    222. 1 2 Rasmussen Reports
    223. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Public Policy Polling (D)
    224. 1 2 3 Redfield & Wilton Strategies
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    228. 1 2 3 4 Harvard/Harris
    229. 1 2 McLaughlin & Associates
    230. 1 2 3 Redfield & Wilton Strategies
    231. 1 2 3 Redfield & Wilton Strategies
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    236. 1 2 Redfield & Wilton Strategies
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    355. 1 2 Echelon Insights
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    505. 1 2 Premise
    506. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 Morning Consult
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    529. 1 2 3 4 5 Wick Insights
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    531. 1 2 3 Premise
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    533. ↑ Susquehanna
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    535. 1 2 3 Echelon Insights
    536. 1 2 3 Premise
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    539. 1 2 3 4 Ipsos/Reuters
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    545. 1 2 Marquette University
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    551. 1 2 Echelon Insights
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    556. 1 2 Echelon Insights
    557. 1 2 Léger
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    560. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Morning Consult
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    604. 1 2 Echelon Insights
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    622. ↑ Echelon Insights
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