Global Sumud Flotilla

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Global Sumud Flotilla
AbbreviationGSF
FormationJuly 2025;2 months ago (2025-07)
Founders
Type
  • Civil society
  • Humanitarian coalition
PurposeBreak the Gaza blockade, deliver humanitarian aid and establish a people-led humanitarian corridor
Region served
Gaza Strip, Mediterranean region
MembershipOver 15,000 registered participants from over 44 countries
Website globalsumudflotilla.org

The Global Sumud Flotilla (GSF; Arabic : أسطول الصمود العالمي, romanized: Usṭūl aṣ-Ṣumūd al-ʿĀlamī), sometimes referred to as the Global Freedom Flotilla [15] [16] (أسطول الحرية العالمي, Usṭūl al-Ḥurriyya al-ʿĀlamī), is an international, civil society-led maritime initiative launched in mid-2025, aiming to break the Israeli blockade of the Gaza Strip. It is named from ṣumūd , Arabic for 'steadfastness' or 'resilience'. [17] The initiative emerged in July 2025, organised by the Freedom Flotilla Coalition, Global Movement to Gaza, and Maghreb Sumud Flotilla, among others, during the Gaza war. The flotilla comprises over 50 vessels with thousands of participants from more than 44 countries. Some attempts to break the Israeli blockade were successful before 2010, but since then ships have been intercepted or attacked by Israeli forces, most recently in June and July, with another vessel attacked by drones in May 2025.

Contents

The flotilla began to set sail late August 2025 with delegations and convoys departing Otranto, Genoa, and Barcelona, followed by Catania, Syros, and Tunis early September. Some convoys initially faced temporary stoppages and delayed departures due to high winds and a significant storm. On 3 September, the Italian convoy reached Sicily and Tunisian vessels began converging on Tunis. Four days later, part of the Spanish convoy arrived in northern Tunisia, where in the early hours of 9 September, a fire broke out on one of the main vessels, suspected to be a drone attack. A second incendiary attack was reported the following night an another vessel. By 17 September, the Spanish and Tunisian convoys were approaching Sicily to join up with the Italian fleet. On 19 September, the convoy departed heading east.

The initiative has received support from some over a dozen foreign ministers, Italian politicians and political parties, MPs in Spain and Portugal, the President of Colombia Gustavo Petro, and the UN Special Rapporteur on the occupied Palestinian territories, Francesca Albanese. In contrast, Israeli minister of national security Itamar Ben-Gvir has claimed that participants should be imprisoned as terrorists and the Israeli Navy has conducted preparatory maritime drills. The EU Commission has stated that they do not support aid flotillas to Gaza.

Background

Since Hamas took over Gaza in 2007, Israel has imposed a naval blockade of the Gaza Strip. [18] In 2008, the first ships to breach the blockade were launched by the Free Gaza Movement. From 2008 to 2016, 5 of 31 boats reached Gaza. [19]

In 2010, the first Gaza Freedom Flotilla consisting of six ships was raided by Israeli forces, resulting in 10 participants killed and dozens wounded by Israeli commandos, causing significant international outrage. Since then, attempts in 2011, 2015, 2016, 2018, and 2025 have all been intercepted, raided or attacked by Israeli forces. [19] [20] [21] From March to July 2024, a maritime corridor for aid was sporadically open between Cyprus and Gaza, used by barges in Operation Safeena and by the US military. [17] [21]

In March 2025, Israeli imposed a 3-month total blockade of supplies to the Gaza Strip. [18] During this blockade, a flotilla in May was attacked by drones and others in June and July were intercepted by Israeli forces. [19] [20] In August, a UN-backed body declared that Israel was responsible for the famine in the Gaza Strip. [18]

Formation

GSF emerged in July 2025, amid the Gaza genocide, through the consolidation of multiple activist and humanitarian movements—namely the Freedom Flotilla Coalition, the Global Movement to Gaza, the Maghreb Sumud Flotilla, and Sumud Nusantara—into a coordinated maritime effort. [22] [23] [24] In early September, Emergency joined the flotilla with a vessel for medical assistance. [25]

The flotilla is said to be the largest civilian-led maritime convoy in history, comprising over 50 vessels of varying sizes departing from multiple ports around the Mediterranean, and converging on Gaza. Organizers have gathered involvement from activists, doctors and artists representing at least 44 countries, [19] [22] [23] [24] [26] who include Greta Thunberg, Rima Hassan, Thiago Ávila, Yasemin Acar (notably participants in the June 2025 Gaza Freedom Flotilla), Robert Martin, Tony La Piccirella, Emma Fourreau (participants in the July flotilla), Susan Sarandon, Adèle Haenel, Gustaf Skarsgård, Liam Cunningham, Zwelivelile Mandela, Tadhg Hickey, Cele Fierro and Sofia Aparício; the initiative has received public statements of support from figures like Francesca Albanese (the UN Special Rapporteur on the occupied Palestinian territories), Mark Ruffalo, Abby Martin, Rahma Zein, Bob Vylan, Zerocalcare, Alessandro Barbero, Fiorella Mannoia, Anna Foglietta, Alessandro Gassmann, Elisa, Isabella Ferrari, Nina Zilli, Luis Tosar, Carlos Bardem, Victoria Luengo, Roger Waters and many others around the world. [b]

The steering committee is composed of Ávila, Acar, Kleoniki Alexopoulou, Melanie Schweizer, Karen Moynihan, Maria Elena Delia, Saif Abukeshek, Muhammad Nadir al-Nuri  [ ms ], Marouan Ben Guettaia, Wael Nawar, Hayfa Mansouri and Torkia Chaibi. [19] [31] Thunberg, originally part of the committee, reportedly stepped down in mid-September due to disagreements regarding communication. [40] The movement's spokespersons are Ávila, Abukeshek and Jeweher Chenna. [41]

Preparations and departures

Greta Thunberg addressing supporters ahead of the departure of the Barcelona convoy Global Sumud Flotilla Barcelona 20250831 11.jpg
Greta Thunberg addressing supporters ahead of the departure of the Barcelona convoy

The flotilla set sail between August and September 2025, with convoys departing from Genoa on 30 August, from Barcelona on 31 August, and from Tunis and Catania on 7 September (originally planned for 4 September); their arrival was estimated for mid-September. [30] [42] [43] [44] [45] Preparatory actions included registration of over 15,000 participants, along with training sessions, solidarity events, and camps near departure points. [46] [47] [48] The Italian cargo consists of 45 tons of aid. [43]

Malaysian vessels, under the name "Sumud Nusantara Asian Flotilla", also departed with food and aid on 23 August 2025. [49] Alongside the Nusantara and "Watermelon Flotilla", officially sponsored by the government of Malaysia, [50] an Indian delegation was supposed to join from Kolkata, but withdrew due to safety concerns. [14]

The Genoa vessels, four in total, were saluted during their departure by a crowd of 40,000 citizens. [51] A union official said action would be taken in the event of an incident; this would include coordinated action from dockworkers across Europe to block all civilian shipments to Israel. [43] [52]

On 11 September, a group of Egyptian activists expressed their will to join the flotilla, and thus sent an official request to the Egyptian government to allow their participation, which otherwise would be cancelled. They described their first boat as "fully-equipped" and said its crew was prepared. [13]

Early convoy voyages

Map of the voyage and stops of the various convoys. A: Spanish convoy; B: Italian convoys; C: Tunisian convoy; D: Greek convoy; E: Libyan convoy; END: destination, Gaza Strip. Global Sumud Flotilla voyage map.png
Map of the voyage and stops of the various convoys. A: Spanish convoy; B: Italian convoys; C: Tunisian convoy; D: Greek convoy; E: Libyan convoy; END: destination, Gaza Strip.

Spanish

The Spanish convoy, notably carrying Thunberg, had to temporarily return to its port after its initial departure due to bad weather conditions, including winds around 56 km/h (35 mph). [53] [54] [55] The vessels were able to set sail again in the evening of 1 September. [33] [56] Within its first night, the convoy, for the most part, had made it past 926 km (575 mi) from Barcelona. [57]

Within one day of departure, members aboard the flotilla were already reporting unidentified drones following them in international waters. [58] Some of the boats made a technical stop in Menorca and Mallorca in the morning of 3 September to repair mechanical issues, whilst up to five vessels once again returned to Barcelona due to unfavourable weather conditions. [59] [60] On the same date, two vessels were reported still in the Barcelona harbor, never having left the harbor in the first place for mechanical issues similar to the vessels that had stopped in Menorca and Mallorca. During the first nights, many participants of the Spanish convoy allegedly experienced seasickness and vomiting, and the vessels had to endure water leaks, electrical problems and further mechanical issues. [60]

Steering committee member Thiago Ávila announced that, during the night of 4 and 5 September, the Spanish convoy would divide in two groups: one would continue to head towards Tunis, whilst the other would wait in Menorca for those ships still docked in Barcelona, in order to prevent any ship from being left alone at sea for security reasons. [61] On 7 September, part of the convoy arrived at the port of Sidi Bou Said in northern Tunisia to large crowds of supporters. [62]

During the convoy's voyage, a pro-Israeli Spanish national, Jordi Ventura, followed the flotilla while playing Israeli and Jewish music off the coast of Menorca. [63]

Vessels of the Spanish convoy [64]
Boat MMSI
Alma232063368
Estrella y Manuel224083520
Adara225989745
Mikeno227895860
Jeannot III225998877
Ohwayla235077272
Inana232002988
Familia Madeira255915808
Sirius225998514
Peluxo224144650
All In228128870
Catalina232042362
Spectre224112480
Adagio 4 Felicita225968720
Longhaul—
La Pinya
Yulara
Isobella
Huga
Marinette
Oyster Lady
Hio

Italian

By 1 September 2025, the Italian convoy from Genoa that had departed on 30 August was heading smoothly towards its immediate destination, Catania, where the second Italian convoy would embark, having met no difficulties in its navigation effort. [65] In the meantime, the Italian-based humanitarian NGO Emergency officially announced that it would be joining the initiative in Catania, sending its vessel Life Support, equipped for search and rescue (SAR) operations and medical assistance. [25] [66]

The first three ships of the Genoese convoy to reach the proximity of Sicily were spotted and welcomed in the city of Syracuse on 3 September, awaiting for the departure of the Catania convoy, which was initially planned to depart on 4 September, but was later delayed by three days and further delayed to a week later. [67] [68]

On 8 September, one day after the initial delay, and two days before the "final delay", the first boats from Catania started their journey, including the ones of the Flotilla's legal team. [69] [70]

On 13 September, 18 boats sailed from Augusta, Sicily to rendezvous with the other convoys later, at sea. [71]

The following extra vessels (mostly sailing from Italy) were added to the vessel list for the convoy whilst one part of the convoy was in Tunisia (a further change is that Adagio 4 Felicita is no longer listed): [72]

An initiative from Otranto organized by Freedom Flotilla Italia and local parish was planned, with the departure of ships to Gaza scheduled for 24 September. [73] Alongside them, another convoy from Catania was scheduled soon after to depart on the same date. [74]

Vessels of the Italian convoy (as of 14 September 2025)
Boat MMSI
Grande Blu
Aurora
Fair Lady
Paola I
Morgana
Mango
Luna Bark
Maria Cristina
Karma
Taigete
Wahoo
Snap
Selvaggia
Ghea
Otaria
Zefiro
Seulle
MiaMia

Tunisian

On 3 September 2025, the first Tunisian vessels from the southern ports of Djerba and Zarzis started to relocate to the port of Tunis, in order to start their voyage towards Gaza alongside the rest of the Tunisian convoy, with departure dates postponed soon after. [61] [75] On 9 September, after the suspected drone attack, organisers affirmed that the convoy to Gaza would continue, while refraining from confirming a date. [76] Two days later, the convoy moved to the larger and better-equipped port of Bizerte ahead of its final planned departure. [77] On 12 September, the intended departure date was set for the following day. [78]

Greek

A departure from Syros was initially supposed to occur on 8 September, [79] but it was reportedly delayed to 11 September at first, [80] and afterwards to an unspecified later date. [81] Ultimately the ships departed from Syros on 14 September. [82]

Vessels of the Greek convoy [82] [83]
Boat MMSI
Oxygen (sometimes Oxygono) [84]
Ilektra
Ahed Tamimi
Pavlos Fyssas
Vangelis Pissias
Mohammad Bhar [84]
Free Willy [84]

Libyan

Ships from Libya, including the Omar Al-Mukhtar ship (named after the Libyan anticolonial hero and revolutionary Omar al-Mukhtar) also declared that they would join the rest of the flotilla carrying Libyan, US, Canadian and British nationals from the port of Tripoli. [85] [86] [87]

Vessels of the Libyan convoy
Boat MMSI
Omar Al-Mukhtar

Merging of the convoys

By 17 September, the 24 vessels from the combined Spanish and Tunisian convoys were approaching the southern tip of Sicily, where 17 more boats in the Italian fleet were waiting at Portopalo di Capo Passero. When stationed in Portopalo, local sailors and citiziens helped the flotilla with its maintenance. [88] On the morning of 19 September, the convoy departed heading towards Greece. [89] [90] [91]

A further six vessels in the Greek convoy were underway from Syros towards a rendezvous point further east, [83] before also stopping in Adamantas, Milos. [92]

On 20 September, the departure from Portopalo di Capo Passero, a boat of the flotilla experienced significant mechanical issues 20 nautical miles away from the coast. [93]

On the night of 21 September, during their voyage towards Greek waters, the Flotilla spotted three drones in the proximity of the Flotilla. A message to the families of the participants was sent reassuring them of their safety soon after. [94] [95]

On 22 September, the Greek convoy departed from Milos and started to head towards Crete, which the rest of the flotilla started to approach. [83] On the same day, the flotilla stated that they would arrive in Gaza in 7 days, thus on 29 September. [96] One drone was spotted following the Flotilla during the day. [97]

As the boats approached Crete, first reports of internal strife in the flotilla started to be reported. Allegedly, the Maghreb Sumud Flotilla portion of the convoy openly protested numerous times the presence of LGBTQ+ people on the boats. [98]

The first boats from the Greek convoy reached the shores of Crete on 23 September. [99] Later that night, around 15 drones circled low above the Alma ship for several hours in an interval of every 10 minutes. [100]

On the night of 24 September, numerous ships including "Zefiro" were reported to be damaged, allegedly by drones. [101] [102] [103]

Incendiary attacks on vessels

Familia Madeira

On the night between 8 and 9 September 2025, GSF member Yasemin Acar reported that a drone had struck the main ship of the convoy, the Portuguese Familia Madeira (known among participants as the Family Boat), [104] [105] ahead of its departure from Tunis, briefly setting it on fire. The vessel reportedly carried the members who had taken part in the June mission, including Acar herself, Thunberg and Ávila. [106] [107] [108] Shortly after, members of the flotilla posted a video from security cameras showing a vessel being set ablaze by something falling from above. [109] CNN described the video as depicting "an incendiary object fall from the sky", that exploded upon impact. [110] El País reported that, according to an investigation, "the drone launched a projectile, igniting the flames, which were extinguished minutes later". [111] France24 reported "an improvised incendiary dropped from a commercial or retail drone", was the likely outcome based on expert and video analysis. [104] Bellingcat declared that the object "must have been deployed from an aerial platform" and that background sound analysis appeared to be "consistent with that of a drone". Armament Research Services director described the sound in videos as "a flying object such as a UAV or light aircraft", but that it remained inconclusive. [112]

Alma

The night after the fire on the Familia Madeira, a drone attack on another GSF vessel in Sidi Bou Said, the British-flagged Alma, was reported by the crew. No one was injured. [113] [114] Organizers described an incendiary device dropped onto vessel similar to the previous attack. [115] A video of the incident was again authenticated by BBC Verify; [116] a weapons expert described the recovered device as "clearly some kind of grenade ... most likely delivered by drone" and as "common but not exclusive to some models of Israeli hand grenades". [117] [118] Bellingcat reported the likelihood of "improvised incendiary munitions" being used in both attacks, based on expert opinion from analysis of videos and images, with the devices recovered appearing the same. [112]

24 September incident

On the night of 24 September, the Zefiro boat, approaching Crete, was damaged and allegedly striked by what the crew on board defined as drones. [101] [102] This came after the participants heard significant explosions during the night. [119] Right after the incident, a German activist on board, Yasemin Acar, reported that at least 5 vessels were struck in a very short period of time. [103]

Response to the attacks

In response to the Familia Madeira attack, the Tunisian National Guard said it hadn't detected any drones in the area and that the fire started amongst the life jackets on board the ship, [120] [121] suggesting that a cigarette could have been responsible for the fire. [18] Expert analysis reported by BBC Verify stated that the video "casts serious doubt on the Tunisian authorities' version of events". [122] GSF subsequently called for the evacuation of flotilla ships, however some participants and volunteers have decided to remain in order to protect the vessels. [111] According to organisers, the Portuguese ship sustained damage to the main deck as well as below-deck. [18] A GSF spokesperson held Israel responsible for the incident, [123] and the UN Special Rapporteur on the occupied Palestinian territories, Francesca Albanese, who was herself in Tunis to salute the convoy, speculated that Israel could be responsible, declaring that, "If confirmed, it is an attack against Tunisian sovereignty." [105]

Italian Foreign Minister Antonio Tajani called on Israel to "respect the rights of its citizens involved," reporting to parliament that the flotilla would be monitored, while providing diplomatic support to the 57 Italian citizens participating in the flotilla. [124] The Unione Sindacale di Base of Italy stated that, in response to the both the Alma and Familia Madeira attacks, it would declare a general strike on 22 September, blocking ports, highways, and stations in co-operation with the Autonomous Collective of Port Workers of Genoa. [125] Soon after the strikes and the protests occurred successfully, [126] involving over 70 Italian cities, [127] the Flotilla thanked Italian strikers and protesters for their support through a statement by Yassine Lafram, the president of the Union of Islamic Communities and Organisations in Italy. [128]

Various sources questioned where the drones originally departed, with suggestions including Malta, Greece (namely Crete) or Italy (specifically from Sigonella, where in the previous days Israeli planes had made a landing). [129] [130] [131]

After the attacks on the Flotilla on 24 September, Francesca Albanese expressed her support for the Flotilla by calling for immediate international protection to be declared. [132]

Reactions during the voyage

International reactions

In Italy, among the people gathered in Genoa on the flotilla's departure was mayor Silvia Salis, who drew ties between Gaza and Genoa as a city decorated  [ it ] for its resistance during World War II. [43] Other politicians voiced their support for the initiative, including former prime minister Giuseppe Conte, who stated that the initiative was an "extraordinary reaction from 'below' to international indifference" on the topic. [133] Italian organizations such as Giustizia Insieme, ANPI, CGIL and FLAI, [134] [135] [136] [137] as well as political parties like the Five Star Movement (M5S), the Communist Refoundation Party (PRC) and Possibile , [133] [138] [139] supported the initiative. Politicians who sailed on the flotilla include M5S senator Marco Croatti, Greens and Left Alliance (AVS) MEP Benedetta Scuderi, Democratic Party (PD) deputy Arturo Scotto, and PD MEP Annalisa Corrado. [44] [61]

On 3 September 2025, upon reports that an Israeli KC-130H military plane had made a round trip from Nevatim Airbase to Naval Air Station Sigonella, Sicily, AVS deputy and Green Europe spokesperson Angelo Bonelli requested that the government clarify whether the aircraft was "spying the Global Sumud Flotilla [...] or loading war material." The Italian Army Staff replied that it was a "technical landing" for "logistical support" from the US Army, "in full compliance with national laws and international agreements." [44] [140] The next day, questioned by opposition leader Elly Schlein, Italian prime minister Giorgia Meloni confirmed that, like Spain, Italy would guarantee the safety of the flotilla's Italian participants; however, she discouraged Italians from taking part in the initiative, suggesting they use "safer and already existing means" to send humanitarian aid to Gaza and labelling the flotilla as "unnecessarily dangerous". [34] [141] Her reaction was met with criticism from some of the Italian participants, who highlighted the death hazard posed by the airdrops used by the Italian government that far. [34]

In Spain, former mayor of Barcelona Ada Colau expressed her support for the initiative and chose to also embark, whilst another Spanish politician and MEP, Jaume Asens, stated he planned to be aboard one of the ships but only for a "few miles", stating his support for the cause. Spanish foreign minister José Manuel Albares stated that Spain would deploy "all necessary protection" so as to secure the safety of all Spanish participants and politicians on board if needed. [8] [32] [34]

Portuguese representation included Mariana Mortágua, activist Miguel Duarte and the actress Sofia Aparício. Mortágua expected her parliamentary immunity to provide legal protection; however, Portuguese foreign minister Paulo Rangel said that she would not have diplomatic immunity and Portugal would not provide protection to the flotilla under international law, apart from consular protection. [8]

In France, the Association France Palestine Solidarité  [ fr ] published a "call for arms" as towards French citizens to join the flotilla's voyage. [142]

In South Africa, public support has been observed, including the participation of some individuals such as local members of Jews for a Free Palestine. [143]

President of Colombia Gustavo Petro issued an official statement of support and solidarity with the flotilla upon its departure. [144]

An EU Commission spokesperson commented that they did not stand with the flotilla as they believed such initiatives could "worsen the situation," suggesting, like Giorgia Meloni, that it would be best to use "pre-existing humanitarian means". [145] [146]

On 16 September, foreign ministers of 16 countries that represent flotilla participants released a joint statement expressing security concerns, and declared that "any violation of international law and human rights of the participants in the Flotilla, including attacks against the vessels in international waters or illegal detention, will lead to accountability." [147]

Israeli reaction

Israeli minister of national security Itamar Ben-Gvir presented a plan of action on how to stop and react to the Global Sumud Flotilla arrival. According to him, despite the initiative's humanitarian nature, it still was to be considered a threat to "undermine Israel's sovereignty and support Hamas in Gaza." Thus, he proposed that members be sent to Ketziot and Damon prisons and treated as terrorists. [148] The GSF issued an official response, describing Ben Gvir's words as an act of intimidation and a smear campaign constituting "a blatant violation of international humanitarian law and the Geneva Conventions". The group denounced the illegality of the Israeli blockade and highlighted the right of Palestinians in Gaza to control their territorial waters, calling for protection from the international community and qualifying their mission as "humanitarian, lawful, and unstoppable". [149] Israel Hayom reported that among drafting plans to arrest Thunberg, the minister also intends to seize the flotilla vessels and convert them into a police fleet. [150]

On 1 September 2025, a few hours before the flotilla departed from Barcelona for its second time, the Israeli Navy conducted maritime drills in conjunction with the Gaza Division. The Times of Israel and Al Jazeera both noted that the navy troops practised "a variety of combat scenarios". This was suggested to be a training exercise for a planned assault on the flotilla. [61] [151] [152] [153]

On 10 September 2025, the Israeli Ministry for Diaspora Affairs and Combating Antisemitism declared that the flotilla had ties with Hamas and the Muslim Brotherhood and was an extremist cover-up operation, and not a humanitarian initiative whatsoever. [154]

On 19 September 2025, a group of 200 to 250 anti zionist Israeli Jews and Israeli Arabs gathered near the border of the Gaza Strip to denounce the Gaza War, the Israeli blockade and support the Sumud Flotilla. [155] [156] [157] The event was organized by Radical Bloc, a local radical left organization, and a contingent of the Hadash party, based in Jaffa, Tel Aviv, which in past days had already peacefully demonstrated their support for the Flotilla. [157] [158]

On 22 September Israel's foreign ministry officially stated that Israel was going to "stop the Flotilla" due to the Ministry for Diaspora Affairs and Combating Antisemtism's verdict regarding the flotilla's ties to Hamas and the Muslim Brotherhood. They also stated that if the Flotilla was "truly an humanitarian convoy" they were free to dock in the port of Ashkelon, where the Israeli would "take care of the rest." [159] [160] [161] [162]

Palestinian reaction

The Al Mezan Center for Human Rights, based in Omar Mukhtar Street, Gaza, called for support and solidarity with the flotilla, asking the international community to guarantee the protection of the vessels and its sailors. [163]

The Palestinian embassy in Sweden published a press release in support of the flotilla. [164]

The Gaza Tribes Union and the Follow-Up Committee of National and Islamic Forces also praised the flotilla a few days after its departure. [165] The Palestinian Alternative Revolutionary Path Movement issued a militant salute to port workers in Genoa and Athens for their statements in solidarity with the flotilla, and joined their threats to ignite a global workers' strike. [166]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Attributed to multiple sources: [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12]
  2. ↑ Attributed to multiple sources: [10] [27] [28] [29] [30] [31] [32] [33] [34] [35] [36] [37] [38] [39]

References

  1. ↑ "Delegations from across the world". Global Sumud Flotilla. Retrieved 2 September 2025.
  2. ↑ "Flotilla of Hope: Mauritania Joins Maghreb Mission to Break Gaza Siege". Safa News Agency. 23 July 2025. Retrieved 2 September 2025.
  3. ↑ "Sarajevan Boris Vitlacil joins Global Sumud Flotilla heading to Gaza". N1 Sarajevo. 31 August 2025. Retrieved 2 September 2025.
  4. ↑ Gerdžiūnas, Benas (2 September 2025). "Lithuanian joins Greta Thunberg on Gaza flotilla: we want to open a humanitarian corridor". lrt.lt. LRT . Retrieved 2 September 2025.
  5. ↑ D'Atri, Darío (31 August 2025). "Jorge González, el único capitán argentino de la Global Sumud Flotilla que intenta llegar a Gaza con ayuda humanitaria" [Jorge González, the only Argentine captain of the Global Sumud Flotilla trying to reach Gaza with humanitarian aid.]. Clarín (in Spanish). Retrieved 2 September 2025.
  6. ↑ Aben, Ellie; Lai, Sheany Yasuko (23 August 2025). "Asian activists ready to set sail with largest-ever Gaza aid flotilla". Arab News . Retrieved 2 September 2025.
  7. ↑ "Sumud Nusantara". Sumud Nusantara. Retrieved 2 September 2025.
  8. 1 2 3 "Une flottille internationale quitte Barcelone pour soutenir Gaza, Greta Thunberg à bord" [An international flottilla leaves Barcelona to support Gaza, Greta Thunberg on board]. Euronews (in French). 31 August 2025. Retrieved 1 September 2025.
  9. ↑ "Libyan ship Omar Al-Mukhtar to join Global Sumud Flotilla to break Gaza blockade". Middle East Eye . 5 September 2025. Retrieved 6 September 2025.
  10. 1 2 Fierro, Cele; Bean, Anderson; Bean, Brian (2 September 2025). "On the Flotilla to Gaza". Tempest. Retrieved 6 September 2025.
  11. ↑ "'Global Sumud Flotilla': la più grande flotta civile diretta a Gaza sta per salpare, sostenuta da 44 Paesi e centinaia di volti noti" ["Global Sumud Flotilla": the largest civilian flotilla heading to Gaza is about to set sail, supported by 44 countries and hundreds of celebrities]. Italia che cambia (in Italian). 26 August 2025. Retrieved 6 September 2025.
  12. ↑ BM, David (20 August 2025). "Global Sumud Flotilla: Euskal Herria se embarca en la misión internacional por Palestina" [Global Sumud Flotilla: Euskal Herria embarks on the international mission for Palestine]. Ecuador Etxea (in Spanish). Retrieved 6 September 2025.
  13. 1 2 Salem, Saleh (11 September 2025). "Egypt activists attempt to join Global Sumud Flotilla to break Israel's siege on Gaza". The New Arab . Retrieved 11 September 2025.
  14. 1 2 Jain, Nikita (31 August 2025). "Global Sumud Flotilla Departs from Barcelona to Gaza, to join Tunisia convoy on Sep 4". Maktoob Media. Retrieved 31 August 2025.
  15. ↑ "Global Freedom Flotilla: Gaza-bound Flotilla Reaches Tunisia En-route to Break Israeli siege". The Palestine Chronicle. 8 September 2025. Retrieved 9 September 2025.
  16. ↑ "Gulf ship to join aid flotilla against Israel's Gaza blockade". The New Arab . 1 September 2025. Retrieved 9 September 2025.
  17. 1 2 Thunberg, Greta [@gretathunberg]; (10 August 2025). "The Global Sumud Flotilla" . Retrieved 10 August 2025– via Instagram.
  18. 1 2 3 4 5 Sarkar, Alisha Rahaman (9 September 2025). "Fire breaks out after 'drone strike' on Gaza-bound flotilla carrying Greta Thunberg". The Independent . Retrieved 9 September 2025.
  19. 1 2 3 4 5 "The Global Sumud Flotilla to Gaza: Everything you need to know". Al Jazeera English . 31 August 2025. Retrieved 31 August 2025.
  20. 1 2 Morales, Mauricio (31 August 2025). "Sumud, the largest flotilla to sail for Gaza, prepares to set out". Al Jazeera English . Retrieved 3 September 2025.
  21. 1 2 Holleis, Jennifer (10 September 2025). "Gaza-bound flotillas: All you need to know". Deutsche Welle . Retrieved 9 September 2025.
  22. 1 2 "Largest civilian flotilla to challenge 'Israeli' Gaza blockade in late August". Roya News . 8 August 2025. Retrieved 10 August 2025.
  23. 1 2 "Massive civilian flotilla set to sail for Gaza to break Israeli siege". Radio Havana Cuba. 9 August 2025. Retrieved 10 August 2025– via Radio Rebelde.
  24. 1 2 "Massive civilian flotilla set to sail for Gaza late August to break Israeli siege". Middle East Monitor . 4 August 2025. Retrieved 10 August 2025.
  25. 1 2 "Emergency si unisce a Global Sumud Flotilla, la nave Life Support in partenza da Catania" [Emergency joins the Global Sumud Flotilla, the Life Support vessel departing from Catania.]. CataniaToday (in Italian). 2 September 2025. Retrieved 2 September 2025.
  26. ↑ "Activists from 44 Countries Plan Largest-Ever Gaza Aid Flotilla in September". Democracy Now! . 5 August 2025. Retrieved 10 August 2025.
  27. ↑ "Greta Thunberg, activists plan new aid flotilla to Gaza". Khaleej Times . 11 August 2025. Retrieved 11 August 2025.
  28. ↑ "Greta Thunberg and global activists to sail largest flotilla for Gaza to break Israeli blockade". The Online Citizen . 12 August 2025. Retrieved 12 August 2025.
  29. ↑ "GLOBAL SUMUD FLOTILLA. A fine agosto e inizio settembre decine di imbarcazioni salperanno per Gaza". Pagine Esteri (in Italian). 11 August 2025. Retrieved 12 August 2025.
  30. 1 2 Principe, Diana (26 August 2025). "Cos'è Global Sumud Flotilla, la flotta internazionale che vuole portare aiuti umanitari a Gaza" [What is the Global Sumud Flotilla, the international fleet that wants to bring humanitarian aid to Gaza?]. Wired (in Italian). Retrieved 27 August 2025.
  31. 1 2 "Greta Thunberg joins Global Sumud Flotilla steering committee and mission to break Israel's illegal siege on Gaza" (PDF). Global Sumud Flotilla. 10 August 2025. Retrieved 31 August 2025.
  32. 1 2 "De Greta Thunberg a Ada Colau: la flotilla Global Sumud zarpa hasta Gaza" [From Greta Thunberg to Ada Colau: the Global Sumud flotilla sets sail for Gaza]. El Independiente (in European Spanish). 31 August 2025. Retrieved 1 September 2025.
  33. 1 2 Pomeroy, Gabriela (1 September 2025). "Gaza flotilla with Greta Thunberg on board departs Barcelona". BBC News . BBC . Retrieved 2 September 2025.
  34. 1 2 3 4 Di Donfrancesco, Marta (4 September 2025). "Tony La Piccirella risponde a Meloni da una nave della Global Sumud Flotilla: 'Continueremo a navigare verso Gaza'" [Tony La Piccirella responds to Meloni from a Global Sumud Flotilla ship: "We will continue sailing toward Gaza."]. L'Espresso (in Italian). Retrieved 4 September 2025.
  35. ↑ Rodrigues, Diana Rosa (28 August 2025). "Una delegación portuguesa se une a la flotilla a Gaza" [A Portuguese delegation joins the flotilla to Gaza]. Euronews (in European Spanish). Retrieved 7 September 2025.
  36. ↑ "En Tunisie, un millier de personnes, dont Rima Hassan, accueillent la flottille pour Gaza, partie de Barcelone" [A thousand people, including Rima Hassan, welcome the flotilla to Gaza in Tunisia, which sailed from Barcelona]. Le Figaro (in French). 7 September 2025. Retrieved 8 September 2025.
  37. ↑ "Francesca Albanese sulla Global Sumud Flotilla: 'Gli Stati hanno l'obbligo di rompere l'assedio'" [Francesca Albanese on the Global Sumud Flotilla: "States have an obligation to break the siege"]. TG La7 (in Italian). La7. 5 September 2025. Retrieved 8 September 2025.
  38. ↑ Mouriquand, David (5 September 2025). "French actress Adèle Haenel joins the Global Sumud flotilla to Gaza from Tunis". Euronews . Lyon, France. Archived from the original on 9 September 2025. Retrieved 9 September 2025.
  39. ↑ Crépel, Sébastien (14 September 2025). "Fête de l'Huma : Adèle Haenel et Rima Hassan en direct de la Flottille pour Gaza" [L'Humanité Feast: Adèle Haenel and Rima Hassan live from the Gaza Flotilla]. L'Humanité (in French). Retrieved 19 September 2025.
  40. ↑ "Greta Thunberg Steps Down from Gaza Flotilla Steering Group". Sweden Herald. 17 September 2025. Retrieved 18 September 2025.
  41. ↑ "Lanzarán la mayor Flotilla para romper el asedio a Gaza" [The largest flotilla to break the siege of Gaza will be launched]. La Izquierda Diario España (in European Spanish). 11 July 2025. Retrieved 2 September 2025.
  42. ↑ "Gaza humanitarian flotilla departs Barcelona to break Israeli siege". Al Jazeera English . 31 August 2025. Retrieved 1 September 2025.
  43. 1 2 3 4 Pietro, Barabino (31 August 2025). "Oltre 40mila persone accompagnano la partenza della Global Sumud Flotilla da Genova. C'è anche la sindaca Salis: 'Aiutiamo Gaza a resistere'" [Over 40,000 people accompanied the Global Sumud Flotilla's departure from Genoa. Mayor Salis was also present: "Let's help Gaza resist."]. Il Fatto Quotidiano (in Italian). Retrieved 31 August 2025.
  44. 1 2 3 "Flottilla per Gaza, quattro parlamentari italiani a bordo. Il caso degli aerei israeliani a Sigonella" [Flotilla to Gaza, four Italian parliamentarians on board. The case of the Israeli planes in Sigonella]. Il Sole 24 Ore (in Italian). 3 September 2025. Retrieved 3 September 2025.
  45. ↑ "Maghreb Sumud Flotilla delays Tunisia departure to join Gaza aid mission". Türkiye Today . 3 September 2025. Retrieved 3 September 2025.
  46. ↑ "On Avenue Habib Bourguiba: Awareness tent for Maghreb Sumud Flotilla to break Gaza siege". Tunis Afrique Presse. 9 August 2025. Retrieved 10 August 2025.
  47. ↑ Dadjoo, Sahar (29 July 2025). "Exclusive: Activist says Sumud Flotilla unites 40 nations in renewed push against Gaza blockade". Tehran Times . Retrieved 10 August 2025.
  48. ↑ Ávila, Thiago [@thiagoavilabrasil]; (12 August 2025). "Over 15.000 people have applied to join the @globalsumudflotilla to break the siege by sea and to break complicity mobilizing on land in over 44 countries!" . Retrieved 12 August 2025– via Instagram.
  49. ↑ Ngayon, Ang Bayan (22 August 2025). "Moros sail to Gaza as part of Sumud Nusantara Flotilla". NDFP . Retrieved 2 September 2025.
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  51. ↑ Marco, Fagandini (30 August 2025). "La fiaccolata saluta la Global Sumud Flotilla, Genova in marcia per la pace a Gaza" [A torchlight procession salutes the Global Sumud Flotilla, Genoa marches for peace in Gaza.]. Il Secolo XIX (in Italian). Retrieved 1 September 2025.
  52. ↑ "Tajani incontra a Roma il ministro palestinese Aghabekian: 'Pronti ad accogliere altri bambini e studenti da Gaza'" [Tajani meets with Palestinian Minister Aghabekian in Rome: "We are ready to welcome more children and students from Gaza."]. TgCom24 (in Italian). Mediaset. 1 September 2025. Retrieved 1 September 2025.
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  54. ↑ "Gaza flotilla with Greta Thunberg on board returns to Barcelona due to stormy weather". Ynetnews . 1 September 2025. Retrieved 1 September 2025.
  55. ↑ "Aid floatilla destined for Gaza turns back to Barcelona due to bad weather". Catalan News Agency. 1 September 2025. Retrieved 1 September 2025.
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  73. ↑ "Freedom Flotilla Italia in partenza da Otranto, la Chiesa salentina si schiera: parate e benedizioni" [The Italian Freedom Flotilla departs from Otranto, with the Salento Church taking sides: parades and blessings]. la Repubblica (in Italian). 19 September 2025. Retrieved 19 September 2025.
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  107. ↑ @eye.on.palestine; (9 September 2025). "Reports indicate that the main vessel of the Sumud Freedom Flotilla was targeted by an Israeli drone off the coast of Tunisia. Via @yaseminacr_" . Retrieved 9 September 2025– via Instagram.
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  154. ↑ "'Global Sumud Flotilla': A Humanitarian Cover with Documented Links to Hamas and the Muslim Brotherhood (Research Report)". gov.il . 10 September 2025. Retrieved 14 September 2025.
  155. ↑ Fabbretti, Alessandra (19 September 2025). "VIDEO| Gaza, gli attivisti israeliani al confine: 'Stop al genocidio'" [VIDEO| Gaza, Israeli activists at the border: "Stop the genocide!"]. Agenzia Dire (in Italian). Retrieved 20 September 2025.
  156. ↑ "Idf: 'Forza senza precedenti su Gaza City, i residenti scappino'. L'esercito israeliano avanza su due fronti: civili 'schiacciati' verso la costa" [IDF: "Unprecedented force on Gaza City, residents must flee." The Israeli army advances on two fronts: civilians are being pushed toward the coast]. Quotidiano Nazionale (in Italian). 19 September 2025. Retrieved 20 September 2025.
  157. 1 2 Muraglie, Enrica (19 September 2025). "I pescatori di Giaffa, gli attivisti ebrei e le barchette di carta contro l'assedio" [Jaffa fishermen, Jewish activists, and paper boats against the siege]. il manifesto (in Italian). Retrieved 20 September 2025.
  158. ↑ Reiff, Ben (25 January 2023). "'No democracy with apartheid': Inside the radical bloc at Israel's anti-gov't protests". +972 Magazine . Retrieved 20 September 2025.
  159. ↑ "'Fermatevi o violate il blocco': Israele avverte la Global Sumud Flotilla verso Gaza". Il Fatto Quotidiano (in Italian). 22 September 2025. Retrieved 22 September 2025.
  160. ↑ "Israel vows to prevent Gaza Sumud flotilla from delivering aid". Daily Sabah . 22 September 2025. Retrieved 22 September 2025.
  161. ↑ "Foreign Ministry says Israel will stop Gaza-bound flotilla 'intended to serve Hamas'". The Times of Israel . 22 September 2025. ISSN   0040-7909 . Retrieved 22 September 2025.
  162. ↑ "Israel says will not allow Gaza-bound aid flotilla to break its blockade". Arab News . 22 September 2025. Retrieved 22 September 2025.
  163. ↑ "Al Mezan Expresses Solidarity and Calls for International Protection of the Global Sumud Flotilla". mezan.org (Press release). 29 August 2025. Retrieved 1 September 2025.
  164. ↑ "Press Release in Support of the Global Sumud Flotilla" (Press release). Embassy of the State of Palestine in the Kingdom of Sweden. 2 September 2025. Retrieved 7 September 2025.
  165. ↑ "Global Sumud Flotilla sails to Gaza as Palestinians hail voice of human conscience against siege, genocide". Palestinian Information Center . 6 September 2025. Retrieved 7 September 2025.
  166. ↑ "Masar Badil salutes the workers of the Genoa ports and warns: Any attack on the Global Sumud Flotilla will ignite a global workers' strike". Palestinian Alternative Revolutionary Path Movement. 2 September 2025. Retrieved 7 September 2025.
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