Gaza Freedom Flotilla

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Route of the first Gaza Freedom Flotilla, June 2010 Gaza Flotilla Route.jpg
Route of the first Gaza Freedom Flotilla, June 2010

Gaza Freedom Flotilla vessels and convoys have attempted to break the blockade of Gaza since 2010. The first flotilla with six ships was launched and subsequently raided by Israeli forces, by what would then become the Freedom Flotilla Coalition.

Contents

Since 2010, attempts from the Freedom Flotilla II in 2011, Freedom Flotilla III in 2015, Women's Boat to Gaza in 2016, Just Future for Palestine Flotilla in 2018, and flotillas in June and July 2025, have all been intercepted, raided or attacked by Israeli forces.

In August 2025, the Freedom Flotilla Coalition joined the Global Sumud Flotilla, and began launching a series of flotilla convoys towards Gaza.

Background

In 2008, the first ships to breach the Israeli blockade of the Gaza Strip were launched by the Free Gaza Movement. Founded during the 2006 Lebanon War, activists launched 31 boats from 2008–2016, with five that succeeded in reaching Gaza. [1]

Timeline

2010

These paragraphs are an excerpt from 2010 Gaza Freedom Flotilla.[ edit ]

The 2010 Gaza Freedom Flotilla was a small fleet of ships by the Free Gaza Movement and the Turkish Foundation for Human Rights and Freedoms and Humanitarian Relief (İHH) carrying humanitarian aid and construction materials with the intention of breaking the Israeli blockade of the Gaza Strip. [2] [3] [4] In typical circumstances, aid is first brought to Israel to be inspected and then transferred to Gaza. [5]

On 31 May 2010, Israeli forces boarded the ships in a raid from speedboats and helicopters. Following resistance on one of the boats, nine activists were killed by Israeli forces. Widespread international condemnation of and reaction to the raid followed, Israel–Turkey relations were strained, and Israel subsequently eased its blockade on the Gaza Strip.

Raid

Routes of the Gaza-bound flotilla (green) and the Israeli Navy (orange) Gaza flotilla raid map.svg
Routes of the Gaza-bound flotilla (green) and the Israeli Navy (orange)
These paragraphs are an excerpt from 2010 Gaza flotilla raid.[ edit ]

Six civilian ships of the Gaza Freedom Flotilla were raided by Israel on 31 May 2010 in international waters in the Mediterranean Sea. Nine of the flotilla passengers were killed during the raid, with 30 wounded (including one who later died of his wounds). [6] [7] Ten Israeli soldiers were wounded, one seriously. The exact sequence of events is contested, in part due to the IDF's confiscation of the passengers' photographic evidence. [8] The flotilla, organized by the Free Gaza Movement and the Turkish Foundation for Human Rights and Freedoms and Humanitarian Relief (İHH), was carrying humanitarian aid and construction materials, intending to break the Israeli naval blockade of the Gaza Strip.

The Israeli Navy warned the flotilla via radio to stop approaching the naval blockade and to change course to the port of Ashdod. This request was denied and on 31 May 2010, Israeli Shayetet 13 naval commandos boarded the ships in international waters from speedboats [9] and helicopters. Aboard the Turkish ship MV Mavi Marmara, the Israeli Navy faced resistance from about 40 of the 590 passengers, including IHH activists [10] who were said to be armed with iron bars and knives. [11] During the struggle, nine activists were killed, including eight Turkish nationals and one Turkish American, and many were wounded. [12] On 23 May 2014, a tenth member of the flotilla died in hospital after being in a coma for four years. [13] Ten of the commandos were also wounded, one of them seriously. [11] [14]

According to a United Nations Human Rights Council report, all activist deaths were caused by gunshots, and "the circumstances of the killing of at least six of the passengers were in a manner consistent with an extra-legal, arbitrary and summary execution." [15] The five other ships in the flotilla employed passive resistance, which was suppressed without major incident. According to the UNHRC report, several of the passengers were injured and the leg of one was fractured. [15] The ships were towed to Israel. Some passengers were deported immediately, while about 600 were detained after they refused to sign deportation orders; a few of them were slated for prosecution. After international criticism, all of the detained activists were also deported. [16] [17] The raid drew widespread condemnation internationally, resulted in a deterioration of Israel–Turkey relations, and Israel subsequently eased its blockade on the Gaza Strip. [18]

There were several probes into the incident. A UNHRC report in September 2010 deemed the blockade illegal and stated that Israel's actions were "disproportionate" and "betrayed an unacceptable level of brutality", with evidence of "wilful killing". United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon announced a parallel probe in August 2010 by a four-member panel headed by Geoffrey Palmer. The Palmer report was published in September 2011 and found that the Israeli naval blockade of Gaza was legal. [19] [20] The report also found that the degree of force used against the Mavi Marmara was "excessive and unreasonable", [21] and that the way Israel treated detained crew members violated international human rights law. [21] In response to the raid, Israel offered Turkey $20 million in compensation, [22] which was discussed in March 2013, [23] [24] with an agreement finalized in June 2016. [25]

2011

This section is an excerpt from Freedom Flotilla II.[ edit ]

"Freedom Flotilla II – Stay Human" [26] was a flotilla that planned to break the maritime blockade of the Gaza Strip by Israel by sailing to Gaza on 5 July 2011. Ultimately, the sailing did not take place. [27]

The flotilla was organized by a coalition of 22 NGOs. Its name refers to the May 2010 sailing of the Gaza Freedom Flotilla, which had been raided by Israeli forces, killing a number of activists. Their stated goal was to end the blockade of Gaza "completely and permanently". [28] Initially, 10 ships, with 1,000 activists [29] were set to sail for Gaza, but by 28 June 2011, the number of expected participants had decreased to fewer than 300, plus a few dozen journalists, and by 7 July all but a few dozen activists had returned home. [30] [31]

The flotilla was publicly opposed by the United States, France, the United Kingdom, Turkey, Canada, the Middle East Quartet (consisting of the EU, Russia, the United Nations, and the United States), and United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki-moon. It was publicly supported by Hamas. [32]

Activists on two ships, one in Greece and one in Turkey, found similar damage to their propeller shafts, and claimed that the ships had been sabotaged by Israel. [33] It was reported that the investigation by Turkish authorities on one of the ships determined that there may have been no sabotage at all, and that any damage happened before the boat arrived in Turkey, but these media reports appeared prior to the formal investigation beginning and the Turkish coastguard enquiry has yet to announce its findings. The media reports were disputed by Irish Ship to Gaza, the owner of the vessel. [34] [35] [36] Greece forbade the vessels from leaving its ports, citing safety concerns, [37] but offered to instead send any humanitarian aid to Gaza in its own vessels, under United Nations supervision. Greece's offer was supported by Israel, the Palestinian Authority, and the United Nations, but rejected by the flotilla activists. [38] [39] Subsequently, two flotilla ships, the Audacity of Hope and Tahrir, disobeyed Greece's orders. They were intercepted by the Greek coast guard, brought back to shore, and a few activists were arrested. Activists responded by occupying the Spanish embassy in Athens. [40]

Only the French ship Dignité Al Karama managed to approach Gaza. They advised the Greek authorities that their destination was the Egyptian port of Alexandria, [41] and then turned toward Gaza. [42] On 19 July, the ship was intercepted and boarded without incident by Israeli commandos and escorted to the Israeli port of Ashdod. [43]

2015

These paragraphs are an excerpt from Freedom Flotilla III.[ edit ]

Freedom Flotilla III (#FF3) was a flotilla that planned to break the blockade of the Gaza Strip by Israel by sailing to Gaza. It started from Sweden on 10 May 2015 and stopped in several European cities along the way to Gaza. It started officially from Athens, Greece on 25 June 2015. [44] Few details were released in advance. [45]

On 29 June 2015 the Swedish-flagged vessel "Marianne" was intercepted by the Israeli navy [46] in international waters about 100 nautical miles from the Palestinian coast of Gaza. The Israeli military reported that no force was needed during the operation. However, eye-witness video published by Israeli Channel 2 TV shows people being tasered by IDF commandos. [47] The Marianne was boarded by Israeli forces and taken to the port of Ashdod, while the rest of the ships turned back. [48]

Organizers of the flotilla have repeatedly stated the boat was carrying humanitarian aid for Gaza. According to Israel's defense minister Moshe Yaalon "there was no aid on board". The activists supplied a picture with two boxes containing a single solar panel and a nebulizer and added that the boat was to be donated to Gazan fishermen. [49]

On 30 June 2015, Israel began releasing some detainees. Former Tunisian President Moncef Marzouki was deported to Paris, France, while Member of European Parliament Ana Miranda from Galicia was deported to Spain. Arab Member of the Israeli Knesset Basel Ghattas, and Israeli journalist Ohad Chamo, were released. [50] Two Canadians and a Norwegian sailor were deported on July 2. [51] A Russian journalist and six Swedish participants remained in prison until July 6. [52]

2016

These paragraphs are an excerpt from Women's Boat to Gaza.[ edit ]
The Women's Boat to Gaza (WBG) was an initiative by the Freedom Flotilla Coalition in 2016 to challenge the Israeli naval blockade of the Gaza Strip. [53] [54] The WBG consisted of an entirely female crew and one ship, Zaytouna-Oliva. It started from Barcelona on 14 September 2016 and visited Ajaccio, Corsica and Messina, Sicily along the way. [55] On 5 October 2016, the Israeli Navy intercepted the Women's Boat to Gaza some 14 miles outside the 20-mile "Security Zone" off the Palestinian coast, [56] and detained its crew members, who were taken to the Israeli port of Ashdod. The activists were subsequently deported to their home countries. [57] [58] [59] [56]

2018

The Just Future for Palestine Flotilla, JFP Flotilla or 2018 Gaza Freedom Flotilla was a further 2018 campaign by the Freedom Flotilla Coalition to challenge the Israeli blockade of the Gaza Strip. The flotilla consisted of two ships Al Awda (The Return) and Freedom and two yachts Mairead and Falestine. On 29 July and 3 August 2018, both ships Al Awda and Freedom were boarded and seized by the Israeli Navy. All personnel were arrested, while some reported being tasered, attacked and beaten by Israeli military personnel. Most of the participants were detained by the Israeli authorities and subsequently deported to their home countries. [60] [61] [62]

2024

These paragraphs are an excerpt from 2024 Gaza Freedom Flotilla.[ edit ]
The 2024 Gaza Freedom Flotilla was an international humanitarian relief effort organized by the Freedom Flotilla Coalition.

2025

May

These paragraphs are an excerpt from May 2025 drone attack on Gaza Freedom Flotilla.[ edit ]

In the early morning on 2 May 2025, a vessel organized by the Freedom Flotilla Coalition, carrying 16 to 30 [a] human rights activists and humanitarian aid destined for the Gaza Strip, was attacked by drones in international waters off the coast of Malta. The incident occurred approximately 14–17 nautical miles (26–31 km) from Malta, outside its territorial waters. [64] [65] [66] There is no independent confirmation of the nature of the incident, [67] although Cyprus responded by dispatching a rescue boat, and the Armed Forces of Malta (AFM) sent a patrol boat to assist with extinguishing the fire. [64] [68] [69] [70]

Maltese authorities offered assistance, but insisted on inspecting the vessel first. The captain declined the offer. [71]

June

These paragraphs are an excerpt from June 2025 Gaza Freedom Flotilla.[ edit ]
The June 2025 Gaza Freedom Flotilla was an aid vessel organized by the Freedom Flotilla Coalition (FFC) with the intention of breaking the Israeli blockade of the Gaza Strip and delivering aid in response to the famine and humanitarian crisis in Gaza. [72] The vessel, Madleen, departed from Catania, Sicily, on 1 June 2025 and contained baby formula, 100 kg (220 lb) of flour, 250 kg (550 lb) of rice, diapers, medical kits, and crutches. In the early hours of 9 June, Israeli forces intercepted, attacked with a chemical spray, boarded, and seized the Madleen in international waters [b] , preventing it from reaching the Gaza Strip, and transported the twelve people on board to detention in Israel. [73] The people onboard included Swedish activist Greta Thunberg and French MEP Rima Hassan. The detained crew members were later deported from Israel.

July

These paragraphs are an excerpt from July 2025 Gaza Freedom Flotilla.[ edit ]
The July 2025 Gaza Freedom Flotilla was a civilian maritime mission organized by the Freedom Flotilla Coalition (FFC) to challenge the Israeli naval blockade of Gaza and deliver humanitarian aid. The ship Handala departed from Syracuse, Italy, on 13 July 2025, carrying a diverse group of activists, medics, lawyers, journalists, and humanitarian supplies. [74] [75] [76] [77] It made a stop in Gallipoli between 15 and 20 July, before heading to Gaza. [78] [79] Its entry in the Gaza territorial waters, initially estimated between 27 and 28 July, [80] was expected for the early hours of 27 July. [81] Israel boarded and seized the ship in international waters in the late hours of 26 July, before it could reach its destination, and arrested the members of the crew.

August

Greta Thunberg addressing supporters ahead of the departure of the Barcelona convoy Global Sumud Flotilla Barcelona 20250831 11.jpg
Greta Thunberg addressing supporters ahead of the departure of the Barcelona convoy
These paragraphs are an excerpt from Global Sumud Flotilla.[ edit ]

The Global Sumud Flotilla (GSF; Arabic: أسطول الصمود العالمي, romanized: Usṭūl aṣ-Ṣumūd al-ʿĀlamī), sometimes referred to as the Global Freedom Flotilla [82] [83] (أسطول الحرية العالمي, Usṭūl al-Ḥurriyya al-ʿĀlamī), is an international, civil society-led maritime initiative launched in mid-2025, aiming to break the Israeli blockade of the Gaza Strip. It is named from ṣumūd , Arabic for 'steadfastness' or 'resilience'. [84] The initiative emerged in July 2025, amid the Gaza genocide, organised by the Freedom Flotilla Coalition, Global Movement to Gaza, and Maghreb Sumud Flotilla, among others. The flotilla comprises over 50 vessels with thousands of participants from more than 44 countries. Some attempts to break the Israeli blockade were successful before 2010, but since then ships have been intercepted or attacked by Israeli forces, most recently in June and July, with another vessel attacked by drones in May 2025.

The flotilla began to set sail late August 2025 with delegations and convoys departing from Malaysia, Genoa, and Barcelona, followed by Catania, Syros, and Tunis early September. Some convoys initially faced temporary stoppages and delayed departures. The Spanish contingent returned to port due to high winds and the Malaysian convoy was delayed due to a significant storm. On 3 September, the Italian convoy reached Sicily as it awaits for the Catania convoy to arrive, and Tunisian vessels began converging on Tunis. On 7 September, part of the Spanish convoy arrived in northern Tunisia, where in the early hours of 9 September, a fire broke out on one of the main vessels. Based on video footage media reported an incendiary had been dropped onto the vessel, with likely involvement from a drone based on expert analysis. The Tunisian National Guard rejected this theory, stating they had not detected any in the area, instead attributing the fire to have started from the vessel. However, a second drone attack was reported one day later.

The initiative has received support from some Italian politicians and political parties, MPs in Spain and Portugal, the President of Colombia Gustavo Petro, and the UN Special Rapporteur on the occupied Palestinian territories, Francesca Albanese. In contrast, Israeli minister of national security Itamar Ben-Gvir has claimed that participants should be imprisoned as terrorists and the Israeli Navy has conducted preparatory maritime drills. The EU Commission has stated that they do not support aid flotillas to Gaza.

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ The exact number of people aboard the Conscience during the Gaza Freedom Flotilla incident on 2 May 2025, is disputed. The Freedom Flotilla Coalition, which organized the voyage, stated there were 30 people on board, mostly human rights activists and humanitarian workers. The Maltese government and several news agencies reported 16 people on board: 12 crew members and 4 civilian passengers. [63]
  2. ↑ In this article, as well as in most of the sources referenced in this article, the term "international waters" is intended to mean 'non-territorial waters'. The waters where the incident took place are part of an exclusive economic zone which allows the country that owns the zone to exploit the resources within the waters, but no country may prohibit free passage upon those waters.

References

  1. ↑ "The Global Sumud Flotilla to Gaza: Everything you need to know". Al Jazeera English . 31 August 2025. Retrieved 31 August 2025.
  2. ↑ Buck, Tobias; Dombey, Daniel; Strauss, Delphine (31 May 2010). "Israel condemned after flotilla attack". Financial Times. Retrieved 24 June 2010.
  3. ↑ Black, Ian; Haroon Siddique (31 May 2010). "Q&A: The Gaza Freedom flotilla". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 2 June 2010.
  4. ↑ Lynch, Colum (1 June 2010). "Israel's flotilla raid revives questions of international law". The Washington Post. Retrieved 3 April 2011.
  5. ↑ Ravid, Barak (27 May 2010). "Israel: Gaza aid convoy can unload cargo in Ashdod for inspection". Haaretz. Retrieved 13 July 2014.
  6. ↑ Chebil, Medhi (June 2010). "Repatriated flotilla activists challenge Israeli version of deadly raid". France24.com. France 24. Retrieved 30 January 2024.
  7. ↑ Booth, Robert (4 June 2010). "Gaza flotilla activists were shot in head at close range". The Guardian.
  8. ↑ Finkelstein, N. (2021). Gaza: An Inquest Into Its Martyrdom. United States: University of California Press. pp. 146 "The only witnesses able to contest the official Israeli account had been impris- oned and their photographic evidence confiscated."
  9. ↑ UN Palmer Report 2011, p. 19.
  10. ↑ Robert Booth; Kate Connolly; Tom Philips; Helena Smith (1 June 2010). "Gaza flotilla raid: 'We heard gunfire – then our ship turned into lake of blood'". The Guardian. Retrieved 1 June 2014.
  11. 1 2 UN Palmer Report 2011, pp. 54–61.
  12. ↑ Robert Booth; Harriet Sherwood; Justin Vela (4 June 2010). "Gaza flotilla attack: Autopsies reveal intensity of Israeli military force". The Guardian. Retrieved 1 June 2014.
  13. ↑ Saed Bannoura (24 May 2014). "Turkish Man Dies of Wounds Sustained During Israel's Attack on Solidarity Ship". IMEMC News. Retrieved 1 June 2014.
  14. ↑ Kershner, Isabel (31 May 2010). "Deadly Israeli raid draws condemnation". The New York Times. Retrieved 23 September 2011.
  15. 1 2 "Report of the international fact-finding mission to investigate violations of international law, including international humanitarian and human rights law, resulting from the Israeli attacks on the flotilla of ships carrying humanitarian assistance" (PDF). United Nations General Assembly Human Rights Council. 27 September 2010. Retrieved 1 June 2014.
  16. ↑ Kosharek, Noah; DPA; Ravid, Barak; Kyzer, Liel (1 June 2010). "Israel transfers hundreds of Gaza flotilla activists to airport for deportation". Haaretz. Associated Press. The decision to deport the hundreds of foreign activists was announced by Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu decided late Tuesday, in the face of mounting world criticism of Monday's assault
  17. ↑ "Gaza flotilla activists back in Turkey". CBC News. 3 June 2010. Retrieved 26 August 2014. "Israel had said it will not prosecute dozens of activists detained in the raid, opting instead to deport them all immediately in an apparent effort to limit the diplomatic damage from the raid.
  18. ↑ "CCR Demands Return of Property and Evidence Seized by Israel from Flotilla" (Press release). Center for Constitutional Rights. 17 June 2010. Retrieved 1 June 2014.
  19. ↑ "U.N. experts say Israel's blockade of Gaza illegal". Reuters. 13 September 2011. Retrieved 10 August 2014.
  20. ↑ UN Palmer Report 2011, p. 4.
  21. 1 2 Buchan, Russel. "The Palmer Report and the Legality of Israel's Naval Blockade of Gaza". International and Comparative Law Quarterly.
  22. ↑ Israel offers Turkey $20m in compensation over Gaza flotilla raid Haaretz Retrieved 26 August 2013
  23. ↑ "Israel PM apologies for Gaza flotilla deaths". BBC. 22 March 2013. Retrieved 23 March 2013.
  24. ↑ Sidner, Sara; Watson, Ivan; Sterling, Joe (22 March 2013). "Israel to Turkey: We apologize for deadly raid on Gaza-bound flotilla". CNN. Retrieved 22 March 2013.
  25. ↑ Reynold, Nick. "Israeli Ministers Officially Approve Reconciliation Deal with Turkey". Algemeiner.com. Retrieved 30 June 2016.
  26. ↑ Bannoura, Saed (27 June 2011). "German activists hold 'solidarity flotilla' in Berlin canals". Al-Jazeerah: Cross-Cultural Understanding. IMEMC News. Retrieved 16 August 2011.
  27. ↑ "Flotilla delayed until next week". Jewish Journal. Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 1 July 2011. Retrieved 2 July 2011.
  28. ↑ "Press Release from Istanbul" (Press release). Freedomflotilla.eu. 18 June 2011. Archived from the original on 25 June 2011. Retrieved 1 July 2011.
  29. ↑ "Flotilla II prepares to sail for Gaza". Al Jazeera. 24 June 2011.
  30. ↑ Katz, Yaakov (7 July 2011). "Flotilla to Gaza founders as Greece stays the course". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 9 July 2011.
  31. ↑ Magnezi, Aviel (28 June 2011). "Fewer than 300 join flotilla". Ynetnews. Tel Aviv. Retrieved 30 June 2011.
  32. ↑ "Gaza-bound activists vow to complete trek". CBC World News. 2 July 2011. Retrieved 2 July 2011.
  33. ↑ "Israel also sabotaged Irish ship, say Gaza flotilla organizers". Haaretz. Israel. Retrieved 30 June 2011.
  34. ↑ "Greece arrests captain of flotilla that tried to sail for Gaza". Yahoo news/The Canadian Press. Associated Press. 2 July 2011. Archived from the original on 5 July 2011. Retrieved 6 August 2011.
  35. ↑ "Greece blocks Gaza flotilla boat" . Retrieved 17 August 2011.
  36. ↑ "Sabotage of MV Saoirse". Blog archive. Irish Ship to Gaza. 4 July 2011. Archived from the original on 7 July 2011. Retrieved 5 July 2011.
  37. ↑ "Activist flotilla stopped in Greece". The Gazette. Montreal. 1 July 2011. Archived from the original on 3 July 2011. Retrieved 2 July 2011.
  38. ↑ VOA News (3 July 2011). "Activists Reject Greek Offer to Send Flotilla Aid to Gaza". VOA. Retrieved 10 July 2011.
  39. ↑ "Canadian activists demand Greece foot bill for fixing boat". CNN. 6 July 2011. Archived from the original on 19 January 2013. Retrieved 10 July 2011.
  40. ↑ Shenker, Jack; Urquhart, Conal (5 July 2011). "Activists' plan to break Gaza blockade with aid flotilla is sunk". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 7 July 2011.
  41. ↑ "Dignité-Al Karama sailing to Gaza". Aletho News. 18 July 2011. Retrieved 22 August 2011.
  42. ↑ "French 'Aid Ship' Sails Towards Gaza". Al Jazeera. 18 July 2011. Retrieved 22 August 2011.
  43. ↑ "Israel troops board Gaza protest boat Dignite-al Karama". BBC. 19 July 2011. Retrieved 21 August 2011.
  44. ↑ "Freedom Flotilla III sets sail from Sweden to break Gaza siege". Middle East Monitor . 13 May 2015. Retrieved 22 June 2015.
  45. ↑ "Freedom Flotilla III expected to set sail for Gaza". The Jerusalem Post . 1 May 2015. Retrieved 22 June 2015.
  46. ↑ "Israeli Navy Peacefully Intercepts Gaza-Bound Vessel". The New York Times . 29 June 2015.
  47. ↑ "IDF violence against passangers [sic] of Ship to Gaza boat Marianne". YouTube. Retrieved 9 July 2015.
  48. ↑ "Freedom Flotilla III: Marianne approaches Gaza, sailing boats return back". Freedom Flotilla Coalition. 29 June 2015. Retrieved 9 February 2016.
  49. ↑ "The 'humanitarian aid' aboard a recent flotilla to Gaza fit in two cardboard boxes". The Washington Post . 1 July 2015.
  50. ↑ "Israel deports Tunisia ex-president after Gaza flotilla". The Times of India . 30 June 2015.
  51. ↑ "Three released tomorrow (02/07), Kevorkova and all Swedes retained". Freedom Flotilla Coalition. 3 July 2015.
  52. ↑ "The detained Swedes will be deported during Sunday and Monday". Freedom Flotilla Coalition. 3 July 2015.
  53. ↑ "Women's Boat to Gaza: A message of hope and solidarity". Freedom Flotilla Coalition. 8 January 2016. Archived from the original on 24 September 2020. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
  54. ↑ "The Women's Boat to Gaza will arrive Gaza on October the 1st". Women's Boat to Gaza. 7 March 2016. Archived from the original on 21 April 2021. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
  55. ↑ "Frequently Asked Questions". Women's Boat to Gaza. Freedom Flotilla Coalition. 6 February 2016. Retrieved 24 October 2018.
  56. ↑ Sanchez, Raf (5 October 2016). "Israeli navy intercepts all-female flotilla protesting against Gaza blockade". The Daily Telegraph . Retrieved 24 October 2018.
  57. ↑ "No violence as Israel intercepts women's boat to Gaza". The Times of Israel . 5 October 2016. Retrieved 24 October 2018.
  58. ↑ Booth, William; Eglash, Ruth (5 October 2016). "Israel sends female naval cadets to stop women's boat headed to Gaza". The Washington Post . Retrieved 24 October 2018.
  59. ↑ "Unite Union leader Mike Treen reportedly tasered repeatedly by Israeli military". New Zealand Herald. 31 July 2018. Retrieved 26 October 2018.
  60. ↑ "Israel seizes boat trying to break Gaza blockade". The Times of Israel. 4 August 2018. Retrieved 26 October 2018.
  61. ↑ Holmes, Oliver (2 August 2018). "Claims of violence as Israel deports crew of Gaza aid vessel". The Guardian . Guardian News & Media Limited. Retrieved 21 May 2019.
  62. ↑ Magramo, Kathleen; Salman, Abeer; Symons, Todd; Goillandeau, Martin (2 May 2025). "Aid ship bound for Gaza catches fire after alleged Israeli drone attack off Malta". CNN . Retrieved 9 June 2025.
  63. 1 2 Goillandeau et al. 2025 ; Carabott 2025a ; Uras & Jamal 2025 .
  64. ↑ "Drones hit 'Freedom Flotilla' Gaza aid ship in international waters". Al Jazeera . Retrieved 2 May 2025.
  65. ↑ Sansone, Kurt (2 May 2025). "UPDATED | Freedom Flotilla Coalition says ship attacked by drone just outside Maltese territorial waters". Malta Today . Retrieved 2 May 2025.
  66. ↑ Scott, LaToya (2 May 2025). Aid ship bound for Gaza issues SOS after alleged drone attack. CNN . Retrieved 2 May 2025.
  67. ↑ Diacono, Tim (2 May 2025). "Watch: Gaza Freedom Flotilla Says It Has Been Attacked Off The Coast Of Malta". Lovin Malta. Retrieved 2 May 2025.
  68. ↑ Michaneck, Jonatan (2 May 2025). "Freedom Flotilla Attacked — Ship in Distress, Immediate Action Needed from Maltese Government". Freedom Flotilla. Retrieved 2 May 2025.
  69. ↑ "Gaza activist ship 'attacked by drones' off coast of Malta, NGO says". BBC . 2 May 2025. Retrieved 2 May 2025.
  70. ↑ "Watch: Malta Offers To Cover Gaza Flotilla Repairs But Refuses Entry Without Inspection". Lovin Malta. 4 May 2025.
  71. ↑ Cater, Leonie (8 June 2025). "Israeli military ordered to block aid flotilla carrying Greta Thunberg". POLITICO. Retrieved 9 June 2025.
  72. ↑ "TRT Global - Israel attacked Madleen aid ship with a 'white chemical spray'. What is it?". trt.global. Retrieved 9 July 2025.
  73. ↑ "Freedom Flotilla Sails Again to Gaza". Republic Palestine. 7 July 2025. Retrieved 8 July 2025.
  74. ↑ "Freedom Flotilla to sail for Gaza again on July 13". Dawn . 7 July 2025. Retrieved 8 July 2025.
  75. ↑ "Freedom Flotilla to Dispatch 'Handala' Ship to Gaza Next Week". MINA News. 7 July 2025. Retrieved 8 July 2025.
  76. ↑ Brown, Fiona (7 July 2025). "Freedom Flotilla Coalition to launch new aid ship to Gaza". The National . Retrieved 8 July 2025.
  77. ↑ Chironi, Andrea (15 July 2025). "Da Gallipoli a Gaza, la nave Handala sfida l'embargo sugli aiuti" [From Gallipoli to Gaza, the Handala ship defies the aid embargo]. Quotidiano di Puglia (in Italian). Retrieved 15 July 2025.
  78. ↑ Freedom Flotilla Coalition [@gazafreedomflotilla]; (19 July 2025). "After some final technical preparations, the Freedom Flotilla vessel 'Handala' will sail on Sunday July 20 from Gallipoli, Italy, to break the illegal Israeli blockade of Gaza" . Retrieved 19 July 2025– via Instagram.
  79. ↑ Ge, Yipeng [@yipengge] (26 July 2025). "With the Handala freedom flotilla travelling at its current speed, in less than 10 hours the boat will arrive on the shores of Gaza. May Handala have safe passage and arrival to Gaza" (Tweet). Retrieved 26 July 2025– via Twitter.
  80. ↑ "Global Freedom Flotilla: Gaza-bound Flotilla Reaches Tunisia En-route to Break Israeli siege". The Palestine Chronicle. 8 September 2025. Retrieved 9 September 2025.
  81. ↑ "Gulf ship to join aid flotilla against Israel's Gaza blockade". The New Arab . 1 September 2025. Retrieved 9 September 2025.
  82. ↑ Thunberg, Greta [@gretathunberg]; (10 August 2025). "The Global Sumud Flotilla" . Retrieved 10 August 2025– via Instagram.
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