Cultural discourse about the Gaza genocide

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Whether the Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip constitutes a genocide against the Palestinian people has been a contentious topic in cultural discourse since the start of the Gaza war in October 2023. Celebrities, athletes, public intellectuals, activists, cultural institutions and ordinary people have weighed in on the events in Gaza, as well as the cultural and societal implications of viewing those events through the framework of genocide.

Contents

Cultural discourse

Public figures who have said Israel is committing genocide in Gaza include Kid Cudi, [1] Macklemore, [2] Kneecap, [3] Massive Attack, [4] Summer Walker, [5] Chris Brown, [6] John Lurie, [7] Dua Lipa, [8] and Fontaines D.C. [9] Time described a "growing divide" within Hollywood over the war. [10] The genocide scholar Raz Segal's verdict that Israel's actions in Gaza are a "textbook genocide" was quoted approvingly by the climate activist Greta Thunberg [11] and the BBC football presenter Gary Lineker. [12]

In the UK, a group of over 2,000 artists and celebrities calling themselves Artists for Palestine signed a letter on October 17, 2023, stating, [13] "We are witnessing a crime and a catastrophe. Israel has reduced much of Gaza to rubble, and cut off the supply of water, power, food and medicine to 2.3 million Palestinians. In the words of the UN’s undersecretary for humanitarian affairs, 'the spectre of death' is hanging over the territory." [14] Since then, the letter has grown to have 4,409 signatures, [14] and includes signees such as Tilda Swinton, Steve Coogan, and Miriam Margolyes. [13]

Music

Singer Yuval Raphael, who represented Israel in the Eurovision Song Contest 2025 in Basel, Switzerland, at the opening ceremony with pro-Palestinian demonstrations in the background Yuval Raphael at ESC2025 for Israel 5.jpg
Singer Yuval Raphael, who represented Israel in the Eurovision Song Contest 2025 in Basel, Switzerland, at the opening ceremony with pro-Palestinian demonstrations in the background

Israel's participation in the Eurovision Song Contest became controversial since the outbreak of the war, with protests and petitions demanding the country be excluded from the event since 2024, while some pro-Israel groups launched petitions of their own in support of Israel's continued inclusion. [15] [16] In December 2023, Olly Alexander, who represented the United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest 2024, [17] signed a letter by the LGBT association Voices4London that accuses Israel of genocide. [18] The Israeli government and the Campaign Against Antisemitism (CAA) condemned his views and asked the BBC not to allow him to perform at the contest. The BBC rejected the request. [19] In 2025, 72 former Eurovision Song Contest entrants signed an open letter demanding Israel and its national broadcaster Kan to be banned from that year's contest. [20]

Numerous musicians have withdrawn from music festivals for the festivals' relationships with companies alleged to be complicit in genocide. Over 100 acts dropped out of The Great Escape Festival in protest against the event's sponsor, Barclays, which they said was "bankrolling genocide". [21] Several artists also dropped out of the Latitude Festival over its Barclays sponsorship. [22] Over 80 musicians boycotted the 2024 South by Southwest festival because of the event's partnership with the US Army and Raytheon. Several of those musicians accused the companies of being linked to genocide. [23] [24] In May 2025, over 50 artists signed a letter urging Field Day to cut ties with the private equity firm KKR, saying "the festival is now implicated in the crimes against humanity of apartheid and genocide." [25]

Palestinian Campaign for the Academic and Cultural Boycott of Israel (PACBI) has accused Radiohead of "complicit silence" in "Israel's genocide against Palestinians in Gaza" and urged fans to boycott the band's upcoming 2025 tour. [26] PACBI previously protested against two planned UK concerts by Radiohead guitarist Jonny Greenwood and Israeli musician Dudu Tassa, saying that they were "artwashing genocide". The two concerts were cancelled due to "credible threats". [27] PACBI argued that Tassa had performed for Israeli troops during the Gaza war, and that Greenwood and Tassa performed concerts in "apartheid Tel Aviv while Israeli forces burned Palestinians alive in Rafah". Regarding the Tel Aviv shows, Greenwood said critics were "silencing Israeli artists for being born Jewish in Israel". [28]

In September 2025, over 400 artists called for their music to be removed from streaming platforms in Israel as part of a campaign labeled "No Music For Genocide". [29]

Literature

When asked whether what is happening in Gaza is a genocide, the author Masha Gessen said, "I think there are some fine distinctions between genocide and ethnic cleansing and I think that there are valid arguments for using both terms." [30] When pressed further, they said, "it is at the very least ethnic cleansing". Controversy surrounded Gessen's reception of the Hannah Arendt Prize over a New Yorker article critical of Israeli actions in Gaza in which Gessen compared them to Nazis liquidating a ghetto. [31]

The novelist Omar El Akkad has called the Gaza war a genocide and wrote the book One Day, Everyone Will Have Always Been Against This about Western complicity in it. [32]

Author Sally Rooney has written that Israel is committing genocide and that the UK is complicit through its "material and diplomatic support". She pledged to financially support Palestine Action, despite the group's proscription in the UK. [33] [34]

Journalist and author Zukiswa Wanner and artist Mohamed Abla have both ciriticised the German government for supporting the "ethnic cleansing, murder and genocide" of Gaza. [35]

In a 2025 interview with Juan Cole, the journalist and author Ta-Nehisi Coates, referring to the Democratic Party said that "if you can't draw the line at genocide, you probably can't draw the line at democracy", referring to the actions of the Second presidency of Donald Trump. [36]

Film and television

While accepting the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film for The Zone of Interest , Jonathan Glazer drew parallels between the depiction of the Holocaust in his film and Israel's actions in Gaza. [37] [38] Journalist Naomi Klein expanded on the parallels between Gaza and the film's depiction of the Holocaust, highlighting the normalisation of genocidal action. [39] Similarly, in an interview with The New York Times in July 2025, Jewish American actor Mandy Patinkin pleaded, “To watch what is happening, for the Jewish people to allow this to happen to children and civilians of all ages in Gaza, for whatever reason, is unconscionable and unthinkable...And I ask you Jews, everywhere, all over the world, to spend some time alone and think, Is this acceptable and sustainable? How could it be done to you and your ancestors and you turn around and you do it to someone else?” [40]

At the 2025 Cannes Film Festival, over 350 members of the film industry signed a letter saying, "we cannot remain silent while genocide is taking place in Gaza and this unspeakable news is hitting our communities hard." The letter was dedicated to Palestinian journalist Fatma Hassona, who was killed by an Israeli airstrike. [41]

In August 2025, at the Venice Film Festival, hundreds of filmmakers, artists, and cultural figures signed an open letter under the banner of Venice4Palestine, calling on the festival to take "a clear and ambiguous stand" against the Gaza genocide. [42]

In September 2025, more than 4,000 artists signed a pledge not to work with Israeli film institutions complicit in Israel's actions and denounced the "unrelenting horror" in Gaza. [43] [44] The pledge states:

Inspired by Filmmakers United Against Apartheid who refused to screen their films in apartheid South Africa, we pledge not to screen films, appear at or otherwise work with Israeli film institutions – including festivals, cinemas, broadcasters and production companies – that are implicated in genocide and apartheid against the Palestinian people. [45]

Sports

Multiple football supporters' groups have called for Israel to be banned from FIFA competitions. The Celtic ultras group the Green Brigade organised the "Show Israel the Red Card" campaign, writing: "Israel is committing genocide and ethnic cleansing; it is practising apartheid; and it is illegally occupying Palestinian territory." [46] [47] During the 2025 UEFA Champions League final, fans of French football club Paris Saint-Germain displayed a banner saying "Stop genocide in Gaza". [48]

The BDS Movement accused the Israel–Premier Tech cycling team of sportswashing genocide and also criticized Union Cycliste Internationale for allowing the team to take part in Grand Tours. [49] Several protests against the team occurred during the 2025 Tour de France [50] [51] and 2025 Vuelta a España. [52] Stage 11 of the Vuelta finished without a winner due to protest at the finish line. [53] The Government of Asturias called for Israel–Premier Tech to withdraw from the 2025 Vuelta and said that President Adrián Barbón would not attend stages in Asturias. [54] The final stage of the Vuelta was also cancelled due to protest in Madrid. Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez voiced his support for the protestors. [55] Sánchez later said that Israel should be banned from all international sports competitions. [56]

Other notable figures

Greta Thunberg wearing a keffiyeh while protesting in front of the UN office in Yerevan against COP-29 taking place in Baku, Azerbaijan Eco-activist Greta Thunberg's protest in front of the UN office (COP-29), Yerevan, Armenia, 2.jpg
Greta Thunberg wearing a keffiyeh while protesting in front of the UN office in Yerevan against COP-29 taking place in Baku, Azerbaijan

The Nobel Peace Prize winner Malala Yousafzai said, "When we see alarming signs of genocide, we cannot wait to take decisive action. We must work together to urge our leaders to stop these war crimes and hold perpetrators to account." [57] Another Nobel Peace Prize winner, Tawakkol Karman, said, "The world is silent in front of the genocide and the ethnic cleansing of the Palestinian people in Gaza." [58]

In May 2025, children's youtuber Ms. Rachel posted a video of her singing and dancing with Rahaf, a 3-year old double amputee who was medically evacuated from Gaza. [59] She has continually used her platform to express her support for Palestinians in Gaza and frequently calls on leaders and celebrities to speak up. [60] In an August 2025 interview with Democracy Now!, Ms. Rachel called the war a genocide. [61]

Several podcasters have given their opinions on the matter. In March 2024, Joe Rogan remarked on his show, "They always say that they're only bombing Hamas and everybody else is a casualty, well if those guys are just unarmed civilians and they’re walking alone, that's what they appear to be, and you just blast them from the sky with robots... If you can’t talk about that, if you can't say that's real, then you're saying that genocide is okay as long as we're doing it." [62] Another podcaster, Theo Von, interviewed US Vice President JD Vance on his show in June 2025, in which he stated he believed the events in Gaza constituted a genocide. Vance responded by denying that Israel was committing a genocide, stating he didn't believe Israel was trying to kill every Palestinian. [63] [64] Similarly, a podcast popular among young American men, The Nelk Boys, hosted Benjamin Netanyahu on their show for an interview in July 2025. The episode received a lot of backlash, with leftist Twitch streamer Hasan Piker telling them directly, "You just basically presented someone who is a war criminal, someone who is doing a genocide, in a somewhat neutral light... and you can’t be neutral when you have someone like Benjamin Netanyahu directly in an opportunity to talk to him. But that's what happened, so there is moral culpability here for you guys individually." [65]

Jonathon Porritt, an environmentalist and former advisor to Charles III, said that there is "incontrovertible proof" that the UK is complicit in genocide. He was arrested for supporting Palestine Action after its proscription. [66]

In September 2025, Bernie Sanders became the first US senator to conclude that Israel is committing a genocide in Gaza after he published a statement his website titled "It Is Genocide", highlighting that Israel has "waged an all-out war against the Palestinian people" and not against Hamas. [67] [68]

Media discourse

In January 2024, The Economist argued that Israel was targeting Hamas fighters, rather than killing Gazans for "being Palestinian", and therefore was not committing genocide. It said South Africa's case against Israel at the ICJ was politically motivated, weakens the legal definition of genocide, and diverts focus from the actual humanitarian crisis in Gaza. [69] The Wall Street Journal also said the claims were politicised. [70]

In a January 2024 interview, the former US ambassador for war-crimes issues, David Scheffer, acknowledged Israeli war crimes in Gaza and said that Israel was not committing genocide but "responding to a genocidal act in order to prevent further genocide against Israel". [71] In The Times of Israel , Jeremy Sharon said that Israel's actions were defensive responses to Hamas, characterising calls for Gaza's destruction and other statements by Israeli officials (later found by the ICJ to be "incitement to genocide") as "intemperate comments of some of its political leaders". [72] [73] After going to Gaza, the writer Susan Abulhawa wrote, "Israel is committing the holocaust of our time." [74]

A May 2025 editorial in The Guardian urged the US to end the war and endorsed the genocide charge against Israel, citing the civilian death toll, obliteration of civilian infrastructure, aid blockages, and Smotrich's threats to destroy all of Gaza. [75]

In September 2025, the UN's Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Occupied Palestinian Territory published a report saying Israel is committing genocide in Gaza. In his analysis, BBC international editor Jeremy Bowen said the report, which came from several of Israel's Western and Middle Eastern allies, would "feed into the growing international condemnation" of Israel's war conduct. [76] [77] In The Independent, chief international correspondent Bel Trew said that only a court can rule on whether genocide has been committed but that this would "take a decade". [78] [77]

Paul Nuki, writing in The Daily Telegraph, said the report would have a "profound impact" on whether governments apply sanctions to Israel. [79] [77] Jake Wallis Simons, in the same paper, said the report undermines the credibility of the UN. [80] [77] International law scholar Triestino Mariniello said in The Palestine Chronicle that the report had "strong persuasive value" even if it was not legally binding. [77]

Media complicity

Shimon Riklin [he] of Channel 14 who has been cited as an example of extreme rhetoric in Israeli media. Shimon Riklin 1.jpg
Shimon Riklin  [ he ] of Channel 14 who has been cited as an example of extreme rhetoric in Israeli media.

Scholars, journalists, media analysts, and human rights advocates have accused various media outlets, mainly western, of complicity in the genocide of Palestinians in Gaza through media imperialism. [81] Others have situated the biases of Western media outlets within a long history of downplaying and excusing the oppression of Palestinians. [82] According to a report published by the Muslim Council of Britain's Centre for Media Monitoring analysing the language used in coverage of the Israeli assault on Gaza, "occupied territories" appeared more often in Al Jazeera English 's coverage than in all US or UK news outlets combined, and that emotive language was 11 times more likely to be used in descriptions of Israeli victims than of Palestinian victims. [83] [84]

Several Israeli media outlets have been accused of incitement to genocide. [85] In September 2024, Zulat for Equality and Human Rights and two other Israeli organisations compiled a list of statements made on Channel 14, which included over 50 advocating for genocide against Palestinians and more than 150 calling for or supporting war crimes and crimes against humanity, and submitted it to Israel's Attorney General. The channel frequently referred to Gazan civilians as "terrorists" and "legitimate targets" in its broadcasts and on social media, with its website displaying a statistic labeled "the number of terrorists we've eliminated", reflecting the total number of Palestinians reported killed by Gaza's Health Ministry. Shimon Riklin  [ he ], a Channel 14 anchor, publicly advocated for Israel to commit more war crimes. This rhetoric has been referenced in South Africa's genocide case against Israel at the International Court of Justice. [86] [87]

The New York Times has been accused of complicity in genocide for perceived bias in its coverage of the Gaza war. [88] [89] On 9 November 2023, protestors staged a sit-in at the Times office and distributed copies of the protest publication The New York War Crimes that accused the Times of "complicity in laundering genocide." [88] On 14 March 2024, protesters blocked access to the offices of The New York Times, accusing the paper of complicity in genocide. [89] In July 2025, a group of writers released a dossier accusing the paper of employing nearly two dozen journalists with extensive pro-Israel bias. [90]

Sultany highlights that, despite a preponderance of Israeli statements that amount to incitement to genocide, mainstream commentary has portrayed the destruction of Gaza as "an incidental outcome of urban warfare rather than the predictable outcome of a policy". [91] Throughout the summer of 2025, multiple commentators noticed a shift in the media's coverage of Gaza, with some suggesting this being a result of the worsening famine and continued pressure from activists. [92] [93] [94]

German media outlets have been accused of enabling genocide for their justification of Israel's targeting of journalists. German tabloid Bild referred to Anas Al-Sharif as a "terrorist disguised as journalist" after his assassination. [95] [96] Bild also accused Anas Zayed Fteiha, a photojournalist working for Turkey's Anadolu Agency, of staging his photos of the Gaza Strip famine. [97] [95] German media sites have also published misinformation, including the Hamas baby beheading hoax, without subsequent correction. [95] The Al Jazeera Media Institute said "German media outlets generally echo Israeli propaganda and treat it as sacred." [98] German sociologist Jürgen Mackert  [ de ] wrote that the German media's coverage of what he calls a genocide shows "a deeply-rooted settler colonial mindset in Germany's institutions and organisations". [99]

Public opinion

Canada and the United States

A March 2025 poll by the Brookings Institution found that 12% of Americans thought that Israeli actions constituted genocide and 32% thought they were war crimes "akin to genocide". [100] In June 2025, according to a Léger survey, 49% of Canadians and 38% of Americans agreed that "Israel is committing genocide in the Gaza Strip". [101] [102] A Gallup poll taken in July 2025 found that U.S. approval of Israel's military actions in Gaza had dropped to 32%. [103]

In an August 2025 Economist/YouGov poll for the United States, 43% of the 1,702 respondents said they believed that Israel is "committing genocide against Palestinian civilians", 28% disagreed, and 29% were uncertain. [104] That same month, a poll conducted by Quinnipiac University since November 2023, reported that out of 1,220 voters, 50% of them believed that Israel is committing genocide in Gaza, with 77% of Democrats, 51% of independents, and 20% of Republicans believing so. [105]

Europe

According to a public opinion poll by YouGov plc released in April 2024, 46% of Swedes, 43% of Belgians, 34% of French, and 33% of Germans agreed that Israel is committing genocide against Palestinians in Gaza. [106] [107] In a German poll from June 2025, 73% said that there was "some truth" to the claim that Israel was committing genocide. [108]

According to a survey by the Elcano Royal Institute released in May 2024, 71% of Spaniards considered Israel's actions to be genocide. [109] [107] In a July 2025 survey from Elcano, 82% of Spaniards said Israel was committing genocide in Gaza and 70% wanted the EU to sanction Israel. [56] In an Italian Tecnè poll published in June 2025, 50% of respondents said Israel's military operation in Gaza "can be defined as genocide". Only 15% called Israel's response proportionate. [110]

In a June 2025 British poll, 55% opposed Israel's war on Gaza, of whom 82% believed Israel was committing genocide. [111]

Israel

A January 2024 Tel Aviv University poll of Israeli Jews found that 51% believed the IDF was using an appropriate amount of force in Gaza and 43% believed it was not using enough. [112] [113]

In a February 2024 Israel Democracy Institute survey of Israelis, 68% of Jewish respondents supported preventing all international aid from entering Gaza. [114]

The Israeli author Gideon Levy said:

Israel is deteriorating horribly. The most important thing, and you mentioned it, is how unanimous it is. It's not only the right-wingers. You cannot even show some empathy to Gaza, to the suffering of Gaza, which Israel doesn't see at all. The average Israeli saw nothing [of what has unfolded in] Gaza. Only the soldiers there see it. The bravery, the sacrifice, the hostages and families, this is shown nonstop, but not a single image of the suffering of two million people in Gaza. I think it's the darkest time of Israel, maybe ever. [115]

A March 2025 poll of Israeli Jews found that 82% supported the forced expulsion of Gaza residents; 47% responded affirmatively to the question: "When conquering an enemy city, should the IDF act like the Israelites led by Joshua when they conquered Jericho, that is, kill all its inhabitants?" [116] [117]

A June 2025 poll by the Hebrew University of Jerusalem found that 64% of Israelis largely agreed with the statement "there are no innocent people in Gaza". [118]

In July 2025, a poll conducted by the Viterbi Family Center for Public Opinion and Policy Research at the Israel Democracy Institute found that 79% of Israeli Jews reportedly being "not so troubled" or "not troubled at all" by reports of famine and suffering in Gaza. [119]

An August 2025 poll conducted by aChord, a research group from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, found that 76% of Israeli Jews agree or partially agree that "there are no innocents in Gaza". [120]

Claims of antisemitism

Yuval Noah Harari in October 2024, who dismissed the accusation of genocide against Israel as "antisemitic propaganda". MKr364730 Yuval Noah Harari (Frankfurter Buchmesse 2024).jpg
Yuval Noah Harari in October 2024, who dismissed the accusation of genocide against Israel as "antisemitic propaganda".

Israeli ministers have responded to the ICJ's genocide ruling by accusing the court of "antisemitic bias". [121] Netanyahu has frequently " compared "accusations that Israel's war is causing starvation in Gaza or that the war is genocidal" to blood libel. [122]

In May 2024, the analyst Frida Ghitis wrote for CNN that, although Israel could have done more to reduce civilian casualties in Gaza, it was "unconscionable" to describe Israel's actions as genocide. She also wrote that such accusations are a modern form of antisemitism that echo medieval anti-Jewish blood libels. [123] In October 2024, the Israeli historian Yuval Noah Harari also dismissed the genocide allegations as antisemitic propaganda. [124]

Israeli historian Tom Segev and EU foreign policy chief Josep Borrell have said comments like Netanyahu's are intended to deflect blame or are made for political ends. [122] Academic Raz Segal and writer Antony Lerman have said this is weaponisation of antisemitism, intended to shield Israel from such allegations. [125] [126]

Writing in Declassified UK, Lerman said claims of antisemitism were being echoed by some of Israel's supporters. He said Israeli officials deployed "weaponised antisemitism to deflect criticism" and that "using past experience of anti-Jewish persecution to neutralise criticism of, and generate sympathy for, the Jewish state [...] is decades old." [125] Antisemitism scholar Matthew Bolton suggests that investigating potential genocidal acts is not inherently antisemitic, but that swiftly embracing the genocide label for Israel's actions—relying on mistranslated or incomplete statements rather than substantive military evidence, and previously utilised by anti-Israel movements—raises questions about the objectivity of analysis. [127]

In December 2024, citing Ireland's decision to join South Africa's genocide case, Netanyahu ordered the closure of Israel's embassy in Ireland and Foreign Minister Gideon Sa'ar accused Taoiseach Simon Harris of antisemitism. [128] Harris said that Netanyahu was using the closure as "a ploy to distract attention from the thousands of children killed by his armed forces in Gaza". [128]

See also

References

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