Sir Jonathon Espie Porritt, 2nd Baronet,[1]CBE (born 6 July 1950)[2] is a British environmentalist and writer.[3] He is known for his advocacy of the Green Party of England and Wales.[4] Porritt frequently contributes to magazines, newspapers and books, and appears on radio and television.
Porritt started training as a barrister,[11] but switched to teaching English at St Clement Danes Grammar School (later Burlington Danes School) in Shepherd's Bush, West London, in 1974.[12] He taught there from 1974 to 1984, serving as Head of English from 1980 to 1984.[2] In 1985 he married Sarah Staniforth CBE, daughter of Malcolm Arthur Staniforth.[13]
In the 1970s and early 1980s, Porritt was a prominent member of the Ecology Party (now the Green Party of England and Wales). Porritt served as chair of The Ecology Party from 1979 to 1980, and from 1982 to 1984. He presided over changes that made the party much more prominent in elections, himself standing as a parliamentary candidate in general elections in 1979 and 1983.[2][14] In 1979 he achieved 2.8% of the vote in St Marylebone, and in 1983 he achieved 2.1% in Kensington, receiving attention from national media.[15] Under his stewardship, membership grew from a few hundred to around 3,000.[16][3]
In 1984, Porritt published his first book, Seeing Green: Politics of Ecology Explained.[17] It was written while he was policy director of the Ecology Party. As of 1999, it was still described as "the best general guide to the politics of ecology by an 'insider'".[18] Reviewed nearly 30 years after its publication, it stands up as "prophetic in many respects",[19] although somewhat off in the timing of its predictions, perhaps in part because Porritt did not anticipate the rise of indebtedness. Writing before the rise of the internet, Porritt even predicted the development of an "information-rich, knowledge-poor" age.[19]
The Greens achieved 15% of the European Parliamentary vote in 1989, but were able to win only 1.2% of the vote in the 1992 general election, in which environmental issues were largely ignored.[20]:10 During this time Porritt became a strong public advocate of change in the Green Party. Along with Sara Parkin, he advocated for a more professional organisation with identifiable leaders, a change that was eventually approved.[14][21][22]
In 1992 Porritt backed the election of Cynog Dafis who was elected to Parliament as the joint Plaid Cymru-Green MP for Ceredigion. However, in 1994, the regional council of the Green Party suspended Porritt for supporting Dafis, and demanded that Dafis stop identifying himself as Green.[23][24][25][26][22]
Between 1996 and 2009, Porritt largely withdrew from active party politics, concentrating instead on non-partisan and activist roles independent of the Green Party.[27]
In March 2009, Porritt spoke at the launch of the South West Green Party European Election campaign in Bristol, stating that he had always remained a member of the Green Party and that it was the correct time to reaffirm his support. He noted that many of the policies in the Ecology Party's manifesto of 1979 were now accepted by mainstream political parties, and emphasized the importance of active support.[27]
"Every single one of the issues that the Green Party has been campaigning on for the last 35 years is getting worse and worse, which means that people should no longer put off the day when they accept that the future is either Green or not at all." Porritt, 2009[27]
In 1984 Porritt gave up teaching to become Director of Friends of the Earth in Britain, a post he held until 1990. Although criticized initially as inexperienced, in the long term he has been seen as an important factor in the group's success in the late 1980s.[29]:155 He edited the Friends of the Earth Handbook (1987)[30] and encouraged Friends of the Earth to promote practical solutions in its local environmental campaigns, as well as thinking more globally and internationally.[29]:155 During his time as director, the membership of the organization expanded from 12,700 to 226,300.[31]
Looking back in 2012, Porritt stated that becoming director of Friends of the Earth "was probably the best decision of my life."[29]:ix However, his affection for the organization has not stopped him from harshly criticizing it, as he did in 2015, when the group's top ten priority issues list did not include nuclear power.[32]
Beyond Agenda 21
Porritt attended United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, eventually writing an introduction for The way forward: beyond Agenda 21 (1997).[33] From 1993 to 1996 he chaired Stakeholder Forum for a Sustainable Future, then known as United Nations Environment and Development UK (UNED UK). The organization encourages international stakeholders to engage in decision-making for sustainable development.[34]
After founding Forum of the Future, Porritt largely withdrew from party politics to concentrate on non-partisan political work.[37]
Sustainable Development Commission
In 2000 Porritt was appointed the inaugural Chair of the incoming Labour government's Sustainable Development Commission (SDC), set up by prime minister Tony Blair. He was reappointed twice for three-year terms, the last of which began 26 July 2006. From 2000 to 2009, Porritt chaired the SDC.[38] He was, however, critical of the Labour government for its environmental record and its pro-nuclear stance, and has campaigned against nuclear power.[39]
While at SDC, Porritt encouraged the work of economist Tim Jackson, whose SDC report Prosperity Without Growth was later published as a book under the same title.[40] Since retiring from the SDC in September 2009, Porritt has publicly supported the report's analysis of economic growth as it relates to environmental and human well-being, and the potential for a sustainable economy.[41]
The Sustainable Development Commission closed on 31 March 2011.[38]
Population Matters
Porritt is a patron of the population concern charity Population Matters, (formerly known as the Optimum Population Trust).[42] Porritt has stated that population growth is a serious threat to the global environment and that family planning, including both birth control and abortion,[43] is a part of the answer to global warming. He recommends that people should have no more than two children. [44][45][46] Porritt has asserted that "promotion of reproductive health is one of the most progressive forms of intervention" that could be used to reduce carbon emissions.[47]
Porritt's views are based in part on a 2009 report by Thomas Wire at the London School of Economics, commissioned by Optimum Population Trust. It compared the cost-effectiveness of access to family planning with other interventions such as low-carbon technologies, and concluded that access to family planning, by decreasing population and the subsequent human carbon footprint, could have a substantial impact on global warming.[48] Similar views are supported by other researchers and international organizations.[49][50][51]
Porritt's remarks on the subject in 2009 caused outrage among anti-abortionists and some religious leaders.[43] Porritt was also criticized for praising China for its 'one child family' policy,[47] which has reduced birth rates but is described as coercive, cruel and causing "immeasurable suffering".[52] Although the Green Party, Population Matters and other organizations assert that they only support voluntary use of family planning, calls for population control raise fears that it will be coercively used in ways that infringe human rights.[53] Porritt remained definite about his position.
"I am unapologetic about asking people to connect up their own responsibility for their total environmental footprint and how they decide to procreate and how many children they think are appropriate... I think we will work our way towards a position that says that having more than two children is irresponsible." Porritt, 2009[44]
Environmental commentator George Monbiot, who also uses carbon emissions for ecological footprinting, has criticized Porritt's emphasis on family planning. He asserts that radical family planning will have little impact unless people limit their consumption. "People might populate less as they become richer, but they do not consume less; rather they consume more. That is, as the habits of the super-rich show, there are no limits to human extravagance."[46]:34 The carbon footprint of people in poorer countries has been shown to be much lower than that in wealthy countries.[54] Increasing availability to contraceptive usage in poor countries, although it may have decrease population growth in those countries, may therefore do little to limit carbon impact.[46]:34 Porritt argues that this does not lessen the responsibility of wealthy countries to address population, asserting that population affects both the rich and poor worlds, and that "Every country needs a population strategy, including the US and the UK."[45]
Porritt is also an advisor to Project Drawdown,[55] which "maps, measures, models, and describes the 100 most substantive solutions to global warming".[56] Among the top ten solutions, according to Project Drawdown, are the education of women and the availability of family planning services.[57]
Other activities
Porritt served as chairman of Sustainability South-West, the South-West Round Table for Sustainable Development in England, from 1999 to 2001,[58] and later as president.[59]
Porritt served as a trustee of the World Wildlife Fund (UK) from 1991 to 2005.[60] Porritt is on the advisory board of BBC Wildlife magazine[37] and actively supports the efforts of experts promoting renewable energy and sustainable development such as Walt Patterson.[61]
Porritt is an endorser of the Forests Now Declaration, presented at the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) meeting, held in Bali in December 2007. The Declaration calls for new market based carbon policies and reforms to prioritize the protection of tropical forests.[62][63] Porritt has strongly criticized proposals by the UK government to sell off Britain's remaining 635,000 acres of public woodlands,[64][65] and helped to form the organization Our Forests in 2012 to protect and expand public and private woodlands throughout England.[66][67]
Porritt acts as advisor to many bodies on environmental matters, as well as to individuals including Prince Charles.[68][69]
His best-selling book Capitalism: As if the World Matters was originally published in 2005, and revised and republished by Earthscan in September 2007. In it he argues that capitalism must be controlled and redirected to create a sustainable world.[70][71]
In line with this view, Porritt has worked to encourage businesses to move towards sustainability.[38][72] As of 2004, Porritt became a Trustee of the Ashden Awards for Sustainable Energy.[73] In 2005 he became a Non-Executive Director of Wessex Water,[38] and in 2008 he became a non-executive director for the Willmott Dixon Group.[74] Porritt also serves on the Sustainable Retail Advisory Board for Marks & Spencer, advising the company on its long-term sustainability strategy.[75][72][76]
Porritt's book The World We Made (2013) is a futurist account of how the world will have changed by 2050, noted for both its comprehensiveness and optimism.[36]
Honours and awards
In 2000, Jonathon Porritt was named a Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (CBE).[79]
The arms of The Hon. Jonathon Porritt were originally granted to his father. They consist of:
Crest
On a wreath Or and Gules, a demi Heraldic Antelope Gules armed Azure collared Or, holding a Torch of the last enflamed proper between two Fern Fronds Vert
Escutcheon
Or, a serpent in bend vert between two lions' heads erased gules, on a chief of the last two swords points upwards in saltire of the first, between as many roses argent both surmounted by another gules barbed and seeded proper
Porritt, Jonathon, Captain Eco and the Fate of the Earth, Dorling Kindersley Publishers Ltd, ISBN978-0863187032
Jonathon Porritt (1995), Liberty and Sustainability: Where One Person's Freedom is Another's Nuisance, John Stuart Mill Institute, ISBN9781871952087, OCLC45855524, OL12076254M
Ecological economics, bioeconomics, ecolonomy, eco-economics, or ecol-econ is both a transdisciplinary and an interdisciplinary field of academic research addressing the interdependence and coevolution of human economies and natural ecosystems, both intertemporally and spatially. By treating the economy as a subsystem of Earth's larger ecosystem, and by emphasizing the preservation of natural capital, the field of ecological economics is differentiated from environmental economics, which is the mainstream economic analysis of the environment. One survey of German economists found that ecological and environmental economics are different schools of economic thought, with ecological economists emphasizing strong sustainability and rejecting the proposition that physical (human-made) capital can substitute for natural capital.
The following outline is provided as an overview and topical guide to green politics:
Eco-capitalism, also known as environmental capitalism or (sometimes) green capitalism, is the view that capital exists in nature as "natural capital" on which all wealth depends. Therefore, governments should use market-based policy-instruments to resolve environmental problems.
The Green Party, also known as the Green Party UK, was a Green political party in the United Kingdom.
Paul Gerard Hawken is an American environmentalist, entrepreneur, author, economist, and activist.
Environmentalism or environmental rights is a broad philosophy, ideology, and social movement about supporting life, habitats, and surroundings. While environmentalism focuses more on the environmental and nature-related aspects of green ideology and politics, ecologism combines the ideology of social ecology and environmentalism. Ecologism is more commonly used in continental European languages, while environmentalism is more commonly used in English but the words have slightly different connotations.
Climate change mitigation is action to limit climate change. This action either reduces emissions of greenhouse gases or removes those gases from the atmosphere. The recent rise in global temperature is mostly due to emissions from burning fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas. There are various ways that mitigation can reduce emissions. These are transitioning to sustainable energy sources, conserving energy, and increasing efficiency. It is possible to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. This can be done by enlarging forests, restoring wetlands and using other natural and technical processes. The name for these processes is carbon sequestration. Governments and companies have pledged to reduce emissions to prevent dangerous climate change. These pledges are in line with international negotiations to limit warming.
Derek Norman Wall is a British politician. He was the joint International Coordinator for the Green Party of England and Wales and stood against Prime Minister Theresa May as the Green candidate for Maidenhead at the 2017 general election. Formerly the party's Principal Speaker, he is known as a prominent eco-socialist, campaigning both for environmentalism and socialism. Alongside his political role, Wall is an academic and a writer, having published on the subject of ecosocialism and the wider Green politics movement. He is a contributor to the Morning Star newspaper and a blogger.
The Sustainable Development Commission (SDC) was a non-departmental public body responsible for advising the UK Government, Scottish Government, Welsh Assembly Government, and Northern Ireland Executive on sustainable development.
John Whitelegg is visiting professor of sustainable transport at Liverpool John Moores University and professor of sustainable development at University of York's Stockholm Environment Institute.
Sara Parkin is a Scottish nurse and political activist. She started her working life as a nurse in Edinburgh but rose to prominence as a green political activist during and after the 1989 European Parliament election, in which the UK Green Party gained 15% of the votes but no seats. She resigned from the party in 1992, at odds with the party's anti-leadership stance, and went on to found the Forum for the Future with Jonathon Porritt and Paul Ekins. Her current campaigning focus is sustainability literacy as an essential outcome of formal education, especially in universities and colleges. She lives in Hackney, East London.
Earthscan is an English-language publisher of books and journals on climate change, sustainable development and environmental technology for academic, professional and general readers.
Felix Dodds, born Michael Nicholas Dodds, is a British author, futurist, and activist.
This page is an index of sustainability articles.
Jiang Gaoming is a professor and Ph.D. tutor at the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Botany.
Just transition is a framework developed by the trade union movement to encompass a range of social interventions needed to secure workers' rights and livelihoods when economies are shifting to sustainable production, primarily combating climate change and protecting biodiversity. In Europe, advocates for a just transition want to unite social and climate justice, for example, for coal workers in coal-dependent developing regions who lack employment opportunities beyond coal.
Green urbanism has been defined as the practice of creating communities beneficial to humans and the environment. According to Timothy Beatley, it is an attempt to shape more sustainable places, communities and lifestyles, and consume less of the world's resources. Urban areas are able to lay the groundwork of how environmentally integrated and sustainable city planning can both provide and improve environmental benefits on the local, national, and international levels. Green urbanism is interdisciplinary, combining the collaboration of landscape architects, engineers, urban planners, ecologists, transport planners, physicists, psychologists, sociologists, economists and other specialists in addition to architects and urban designers.
Tim Jackson is a British ecological economist and professor of sustainable development at the University of Surrey. He is the director of the Centre for the Understanding of Sustainable Prosperity (CUSP), a multi-disciplinary, international research consortium which aims to understand the economic, social and political dimensions of sustainable prosperity. Tim Jackson is the author of Prosperity Without Growth and Material Concerns (1996). In 2016, he received the Hillary Laureate for exceptional mid-career Leadership. His most recent book Post Growth—Life After Capitalism was published in March 2021 by Polity Press.
‘Net positive’, from Positive Development (PD) theory, is a paradigm in sustainable development and design. PD theory was first detailed in Positive Development (2008). A net positive system/structure would ‘give back to nature and society more than it takes’ over its life cycle. In contrast, sustainable development - in the real-world context of population growth, biodiversity loss, cumulative pollution, wealth disparities and social inequities - closes off future options. To reverse direction, development must, among other sustainability criteria, increase nature beyond pre-human conditions. PD develops the tools to enable net positive design and development.
Professor Paul Ekins OBE is a British academic in the field of sustainable economics, currently Professor of Resources and Environment Policy at University College London. He was formerly co-director of the UK Energy Research Centre (2004–2014). He is a former member of the Green Party.
↑ Beasley, Wyn (2013). "Saints and sinner Arthur Espie Porritt". The Bulletin of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. 95 (8): 274–275. doi:10.1308/147363513X13690603817265.
↑ Fowler, Carwyn; Jones, Rhys (20 November 2006). "Can environmentalism and nationalism be reconciled? The Plaid Cymru/Green Party alliance, 1991–95". Regional & Federal Studies. 16 (3): 315–331. doi:10.1080/13597560600852524. S2CID146464844.
↑ Castro, C. J. (1 June 2007). "Book Review: Jonathon Porritt. Capitalism As If the World Matters. London: Earthscan, 2005". Organization & Environment. 20 (2): 266–268. doi:10.1177/1086026607302163. S2CID143542924.
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