Francesca Albanese | |
---|---|
![]() Albanese at the Hague Group emergency meeting in Bogotá, July 2025 | |
United Nations Special Rapporteur on the occupied Palestinian territories | |
Assumed office 1 May 2022 [1] | |
Preceded by | Michael Lynk |
Personal details | |
Born | 30 March 1977 Ariano Irpino,Campania,Italy |
Spouse | Massimiliano Calì |
Children | 2 |
Alma mater | University of Pisa (LMG) SOAS University of London (LLM) |
Occupation | academic |
Francesca Paola Albanese (Italian pronunciation: [franˈtʃeskaˈpaːolaalbaˈneːse,-eːze] ; born 30 March 1977) is an Italian legal scholar and expert on human rights [4] who has served as the United Nations (UN) Special Rapporteur on the occupied Palestinian territories since 1 May 2022; initially appointed for a three-year term, [5] Albanese was confirmed for another three years in April 2025. [6] She is the first woman to hold the position.
Albanese holds a law degree with honours from the University of Pisa and a Master of Laws in human rights from SOAS University of London. [4] She is an Affiliate Scholar at the Institute for the Study of International Migration at Georgetown University, a senior advisor on Migration and Forced Displacement at the non-profit Arab Renaissance for Democracy and Development (ARDD). [4]
As part of her current position as a UN special rapporteur, Albanese has been critical of Israel's occupation of the Palestinian territories and recommended in her first report that UN member states develop a plan to end the occupation and apartheid. After the Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip, Albanese called for an immediate ceasefire and warned that Palestinians in Gaza were at risk of ethnic cleansing. On 26 March 2024 Albanese reported to the UN Human Rights Council that Israel's actions in Gaza amounted to genocide.
Critics of Albanese have accused her of antisemitism and anti-Israel bias. [7] Several human rights groups and numerous scholars of antisemitism have said the accusations are illegitimate attempts to discredit her. [8] [9]
The UN published a report by Albanese in June 2025 stating that the Gaza genocide was continuing because it is lucrative for several business corporations. The report lists 48 corporations, including Microsoft, Alphabet Inc. and Amazon, which it states are helping Israel displace Palestinians in breach of international law. In response the United States Department of the Treasury under the Trump administration imposed sanctions on Albanese under Executive Order 14203 naming her a "specially designated national", thus forbidding all U.S. persons and companies from doing business with her. [3] [10]
Albanese was born in Ariano Irpino, a town in the Campania region of southern Italy. [11] She is married to Massimiliano Calì, a World Bank official in charge since 2012 who briefly worked at the United Nations Development Programme in 2011. [12] The couple have two children. [4]
Albanese holds a law degree with honours from the University of Pisa and a Master of Laws in human rights from SOAS University of London. [13] She is an Affiliate Scholar at the Institute for the Study of International Migration at Georgetown University, a senior advisor on Migration and Forced Displacement at the non-profit Arab Renaissance for Democracy and Development (ARDD). [4] Widely published, [14] she co-founded at ARDD the Global Network on the Question of Palestine. [4] In 2020 she and Lex Takkenberg wrote the Oxford University Press-published Palestinian Refugees in International Law. [15]
Albanese worked for a decade as a human rights expert for the United Nations (UN), including the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights and the UN Relief and Work Agency for Palestine Refugees. [16] During this period, she advised the UN, governments, and civil society in the Middle East, North Africa, and the Asia Pacific regions on human rights and their application and norms, particularly for vulnerable groups like refugees and migrants.
She holds lectures on international law and forced displacement in both European and Arab universities, as well as conferences and public events about the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. [4]
In a May 2025 interview, Albanese said that she had studied jurisprudence and had not taken the law examination because she was more interested in human rights and did not want to practice law in Italy. [17]
Albanese was the second Italian (after Giorgio Giacomelli) and the first woman to be appointed as the UN Special Rapporteur on the occupied Palestinian territories. [18] Her appointment generated some controversy due to comments she made criticising the US and Europe during the 2014 Gaza War. Albanese said the United States was "subjugated by the Jewish lobby" and Europe by a "sense of guilt about the Holocaust", and that both "condemn the oppressed – the Palestinians" in the conflict. [19] The Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Michele Taylor, the American ambassador to the Human Rights Council, suggested the comments were antisemitic. [20] Albanese said that she had never been antisemitic and that her criticism of Israel is related to its occupation of Palestinian territories. [21] [22] [9]
On 18 October 2022 Albanese recommended in her first report that UN member states develop "a plan to end the Israeli settler-colonial occupation and apartheid regime". [23] The report concluded: "The violations described in the present report expose the nature of the Israeli occupation, that of an intentionally acquisitive, segregationist and repressive regime designed to prevent the realization of the Palestinian people's right to self-determination." [24]
In July 2023 during the 30th Meeting of the 53rd Regular Session of the UN Human Rights Council, Albanese presented a report accusing Israel of turning the West Bank into an "open-air prison". The report said that since 1967, more than 800,000 Palestinians, including children as young as 12, had been arrested and detained by Israeli authorities. Briefing journalists, Albanese said "There is no other way to define the regime that Israel has imposed on the Palestinians – which is apartheid by default – other than an open-air prison." Israel was not present for the presentation but rejected the findings. [25] [26]
In August 2024 she was one of many UN Special Rapporteurs who signed an open letter to the "International community" on the third anniversary of the Taliban taking change in Afghanistan. They were concerned that the regime's human-rights abuses particularly against women and girls may become accepted. They encouraged the International Criminal Court to take urgent action against those responsible. [27]
In 2023 after the outbreak of the Gaza war, Albanese called for an immediate ceasefire, warning that "Palestinians are in grave danger of a mass ethnic cleansing." [28] She further stated that the international community must "prevent and protect populations from atrocity crimes", and that "accountability for international crimes committed by Israeli occupation forces and Hamas must also be immediately pursued." [28]
In February 2024 French President Emmanuel Macron described the October 7 attacks as "the largest antisemitic massacre of our century". Albanese responded on Twitter that "the victims of the October 7 massacre were killed not because of their Judaism, but in response to Israeli oppression". The French Foreign Ministry condemned her remarks and the Israeli government declared Albanese persona non grata in Israel and denied her future entry to the country. In response to the reactions, Albanese said: "I regret that some interpreted my tweet as 'justifying' Hamas's crimes, which I have condemned strongly several times. I reject all forms of racism, including antisemitism. However, labeling these crimes as 'antisemitic' obscures the real reason they occurred." [29] [30] [31]
On 26 March 2024 Albanese presented the report "Anatomy of a Genocide" before the 55th session of the United Nations Human Rights Council in Geneva, [32] stating "reasonable grounds" to believe that Israel is intentionally committing at least three "genocidal acts" [32] : paragraph 5 against the Palestinians as a group in Gaza proscribed in the Genocide Convention:
She called for sanctions and an arms embargo. [33] She was one of the many UN experts who spoke out against the sale of arms to Israel in June 2024 to be used in the conflict in Gaza. The experts cautioned arms suppliers and finance companies that they would be implicated in human rights violations. The signatories to the warning included special reporteurs Paula Gaviria Betancur, Tlaleng Mofokeng and Margaret Satterthwaite. [34]
Further, Albanese points to the settler colonial context of genocidal practices resulting in "destruction and replacement of Indigenous peoples" [32] : paragraph 9 and recommends the "reconstitution of the United Nations Special Committee against Apartheid" to address the situation in Palestine. [32] : paragraph 97e
During a briefing on the international legal responsibilities for preventing genocide, Albanese said that, given the way Israel is currently behaving, it is time to consider suspending their credential as a Member State, under Article 6 of the Charter of the United Nations". [35]
In March 2025 Betar, a Jewish far-right organization, threatened Albanese with a pager attack during her visit to London. The group posted a statement on Twitter that said "Join us to give Francesca a [pager emoji] in London on Tuesday." The pager emoji is a reference to the 2024 pager attacks in Lebanon. [36]
The UN published a report by Albanese in June 2025 stating that the Gaza genocide was continuing because it is lucrative for several business corporations. The report lists 48 corporations, including Microsoft, Alphabet Inc. and Amazon, which it says are helping Israel displace Palestinians in breach of international law. [37]
In February 2023 18 members of the United States Congress called for Albanese to be removed from her position saying that she has demonstrated a consistent bias against Israel. [38]
In July 2024 UN Watch director Hillel Neuer requested the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Volker Türk to investigate Albanese's trip to Australia and whether flights during that trip were funded by pro-Palestinian groups: Australian Friends of Palestine Association, Free Palestine Melbourne, and Australian Palestinian Advocacy Network. [39] [40] [41] [7]
That same month Albanese expressed support on the social networking site X for a post by former UN human rights official Craig Mokhiber, that compared Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu to Adolf Hitler. Mokhiber's post juxtaposed a photo of a crowd welcoming Hitler with Nazi salutes and a photo of Netanyahu being welcomed by the US Congress. Mokhiber captioned his post with the words "History is always watching" and Albanese responded with "This is precisely what I was thinking today". In response, US Ambassador to the UN Linda Thomas-Greenfield stated, "It is clear [Albanese] is not fit for this or any position at the UN." Responding to the criticism, Albanese said, "The Memory of the #Holocaust remains intact and sacred thank[s] to people of conscience worldwide. Institutional rants and outburst[s] of selective moral outrage will not stop the course of #Justice, which is finally in motion." [42] [43] [44]
Responding to two reports presented to the United nations in October 2024, the World Jewish Congress accused Albanese of repeatedly engaging in Holocaust inversion by drawing comparisons between Israel and Nazi Germany, calling her statements "not only deeply offensive, but a gross distortion of history." [45] U.S. Ambassador to the UN Linda Thomas-Greenfield posted on X the U.S. belief that Albanese is "unfit for her role. The United Nations should not tolerate antisemitism from a UN-affiliated official hired to promote human rights." [46]
On 11 February 2025 the Dutch House of Representatives cancelled an invitation for Albanese to visit the House on 13 February, on account of her statements about the Gaza War. [47] On 20 June 2025 the Trump administration sent a letter to the UN Secretary-General, Antonio Guterres, calling for her removal as rapporteur on Palestinian rights following what they alleged was terrorism support and antisemitism. [48]
In December 2022 sixty-five scholars of antisemitism, the Holocaust, and Jewish studies [49] [50] stated: "It is evident that the campaign against [Albanese] is not about combating today's antisemitism. It is essentially about efforts to silence her and to undermine her mandate as a senior UN official reporting about Israel's violations of human rights and international law." [9]
In January 2023 a statement was issued in defence of Albanese by a number of human rights organizations, academic institutions, and other civil society organizations. [51] The statement concluded by stating: "We commend UNSR Francesca Albanese’s tireless efforts toward the protection of human rights in the OPT [Occupied Palestinian Territories] and in raising awareness of the alarming daily violations of Palestinian rights. We call on third States to strongly condemn this politically-motivated attack on the Special Rapporteur's mandate and to compel Israel to comply with its obligations under the Charter of the United Nations." [8] [52]
Amid continuing efforts to have Albanese removed from her post, on 26 April 2023 Amnesty International Italy published a letter of support signed by dozens of Italian rights groups, MPs, jurists and academics. [53] On 27 April three former holders of the position, John Dugard, Richard Falk and Michael Lynk, publicly urged the UN to defend Albanese and said that she has been "the target of attacks that have been 'slanderous' and 'personal'". On 3 May Albanese tweeted that she "saw too many deaths [of Palestinians], too much arbitrariness, zero accountability" and faced accusations for her work in addressing these abuses. [54] [55]
In 2025 there have been calls to nominate Albanese for the Nobel Peace Prize. A campaign on Avaaz to award her with the Prize reached over 400,000 signiatures. [56] [57] Albanese has been nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize by: Aodhán Ó Ríordáin, a Irish member of the EU Parliament; Matjaž Nemec, a Slovenian politician; and the Canadian New Democratic Party (NDP) has voiced their intention to do so. [58] [59] [60]
In July 2025 the United States Department of the Treasury under the Trump administration imposed sanctions on Albanese under Executive Order 14203 naming her a "specially designated national", thus forbidding all U.S. persons and companies from doing business with her, except as necessary to the wind down of any transaction involving Albanese until August 8, 2025. [3] [10] The U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio was quoted saying in this regard: "Albanese's campaign of political and economic warfare against the United States and Israel will no longer be tolerated." [10]
Albanese called the sanctions "obscene" and said that she was being punished for her "pursuit of justice". [61] The move was criticized by Amnesty International as a "disgraceful affront to international justice". [62] The editorial board of The Wall Street Journal praised the move as overdue. [63]
In April 2023 Albanese received the International Stefano Chiarini Award (Italian : Premio Internazionale Stefano Chiarini) in recognition of journalistic work covering Palestine and the Middle East. [64] [65]
Albanese was chosen as the Passblue UN Person of the Year for 2024. Passblue said Albanese and the other nominees "demonstrated strong leadership in 2024 to uphold the UN Charter, advocate for universal human rights, act to ensure international humanitarian law and promote peace and nonviolence throughout the world". [66]
On 12 February 2025 Albanese received the "Dries van Agt Prize" from The Rights Forum , which honors individuals and organizations that make a strong commitment to human rights and international law in Palestine. [67]
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