Associazione Nazionale Partigiani d'Italia (ANPI; National Association of Italian Partisans) is an association founded by partisans and participants of the Italian Resistance against the Italian fascist regime and the subsequent Nazi occupation during World War II.[2] ANPI was founded in Rome in 1944,[3] as the war continued in northern Italy. It was constituted as a charitable foundation on 5 April 1945. It persists due to the activity of its anti-fascist members.
After the fall of the Italian Social Republic, the ANPI spread over the country as far as the southern tip of Italy. Most of the partisans who fought came from the center-north of Italy, but there were also members from Yugoslavia, Greece and France.
On 5 April 1945, the day that the ANPI was recognized as a charitable foundation, the association represented all the Italian partisans and was managed by a council reuniting the different brigades that fought in the war (Brigate Garibaldi, Ferruccio Parri’s Giustizia e libertà[it], Brigate Matteotti[it], Mazzini Society, independent groups and Catholic partisans groups), but after the first national congress, which took place in Rome in 1947, problems arose due to different visions of internal and foreign politics within the group.
ANPI's objectives are the maintenance of the historical role of the partisan war by means of research and the collection of personal stories. Its goals are a continued defense against historical revisionism and the ideal and ethical support of the high values of freedom and democracy expressed in the 1948 constitution, in which the ideals of the Italian resistance were collected.[9]
Members
I am a member of ANPI because the resistance is not only part of the past but is still present in current times.
Unlike other veterans' associations, veterans can become ANPI members if they belong to one of the categories listed in Article 23 of its regulations. These include partisans, patriots, soldiers who fought against German soldiers after the Armistice between Italy and Allied armed forces, prisoners or deportees—during the civil war—for political activities or racial discrimination, imprisoned military persons who did not support the Italian Social Republic, and also all citizens who, without any distinction of age, declare themselves as antifascists, in accordance to ANPI regulations.[10] With the introduction of a new regulation, approved during the 14th congress,[11] in 2006, ANPI allowed a generational change in the direction of members of the association. In 2010 its membership count was about 110,000 affiliated members.[12][13][14]
In addition to the 10% of members categorized as "historic partisans", 10% of the organization consists of young people between 18 and 30 years of age, and the majority of members (60–65%) are between 35 and 65 years old.
In the three years between 2006 and 2009, membership increased from 83,000 to 110,000,[12] with a great number of young antifascists elected to high-ranking positions at the local and national level.
The association is currently structured with local groups, district groups, council groups, and provincial and regional committees. The association's headquarters are at Via degli Scipioni 271, Rome.
Arrigo Boldrini was the ANPI president from the first congress (1947) until 2006. Until June 2009 Tino Casali was the honorary president, Raimondo Ricci was the national president and Armando Cossutta was the vice-president.[16]
In 2017, following an announcement by Smuraglia, Carla Nespolo was elected to the office of national president, the first woman to be elected to the position and also the first president not to have participated in the original partisan struggle in WWII. Smuraglia was conferred the title president emeritus.
ANPI publishes a magazine called Patria Indipendente (Independent Nation).[20] Since 2015 it is only published digitally.[21] The magazine focuses on historical-political issues, noting events related to the Italian resistance and promoting the respect of Constitutional themes.
ANPI national festival
Since 2008, ANPI organizes its national festival. During the event, meetings, debates, and musical concerts that focus on antifascism, peace, and democracy are organized.[22]
The Italian Resistance consisted of all the Italian resistance groups who fought the occupying forces of Nazi Germany and the fascist collaborationists of the Italian Social Republic during the Second World War in Italy from 1943 to 1945. As a diverse anti-fascist and anti-nazist movement and organisation, the Resistenza opposed Nazi Germany and its Fascist puppet state regime, the Italian Social Republic, which the Germans created following the Nazi German invasion and military occupation of Italy by the Wehrmacht and the Waffen-SS from 8 September 1943 until 25 April 1945.
Walter Audisio was an Italian partisan and communist politician, also known by his nom-de-guerreColonel Valerio. A member of the Italian resistance movement during World War II, Audisio was involved in the death of Benito Mussolini, and personally executed the dictator and his mistress Clara Petacci according to the generally accepted account of the event.
L'Italia Libera was the newspaper of the Italian anti-fascist organization and political party Partito d'Azione.
Left Ecology Freedom was a democratic socialist political party in Italy whose bulk was formed by former members of the Communist Refoundation Party.
Terzilio Cardinali (1913–1944) was an Italian fighter known for his role in Albanian resistance.
The Committee of National Liberation for Northern Italy was set up in February 1944 by partisans behind German lines in the Italian Social Republic, a German puppet state in Northern Italy. It enjoyed the loyalty of most anti-fascist groups in the region.
Giuffrida Répaci is an Italian journalist, director of the magazine La Lettre b.
Carla Capponi aka The Little English Girl was an Italian partisan and politician who received the Gold Medal of Military Valour for her participation in the Italian resistance movement.
Carla Federica Nespolo was an Italian politician, President of National Association of Italian Partisans from 2017 until her death.
Arrigo Boldrini was an Italian politician and partisan, one of the most prominent figures of the Italian resistance movement, president of National Association of Italian Partisans for almost 60 years.
Carlo Smuraglia was an Italian politician and partisan who served as President of National Association of Italian Partisans from 2011 to 2017.
Agostino Casali known as Tino was an Italian politician and partisan, President of National Association of Italian Partisans from 2006 to 2009.
Renata Viganò (1900–1976) was an Italian writer best known for her neo-realist novel L'Agnese va a morire, published in 1949. She was an active participant in the Italian Resistance movement during World War II and included fictionalized accounts of her experiences as a partisan in her written work.
The Italian partisan brigades were armed formations involved in the Italian resistance during the World War II.
The Brigate Garibaldi or Garibaldi Brigades were partisan units aligned with the Italian Communist Party active in the armed resistance against both German and Italian fascist forces during World War II.
Alessandro Casati was an Italian academic, commentator and politician. He served as a senator between 1923 and 1924 and again between 1948 and 1953. He also held ministerial office, most recently as Minister of War for slightly more than twelve months during 1944/45, serving under "Presidente del Consiglio" Bonomi.
The Association of Partisans of the Free Territory of Trieste was an organization in the Free Territory of Trieste for veterans of the World War II anti-fascist partisan movement.
Gianfranco Pagliarulo is an Italian politician, President of National Association of Italian Partisans since 2020.
Pietro Amendola was a communist Italian politician and journalist, who served in the Chamber of Deputies from 1948 until 1968. A war hero, and anti-fascist partisan, his father was Giovanni Amendola, a noted anti-fascist in the 1920s, and his brother, Giorgio, was also a communist politician.
Pompeo Colajanni was an Italian politician and Resistance leader during World War II. After the war he held various political positions, including that of Undersecretary for Defense in the Parri and De Gasperi I cabinets and of member of the Italian Chamber of Deputies in 1975–1976.
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