Silvio Berlusconi was an Italian media tycoon and politician who served as the prime minister of Italy in four governments from 1994 to 1995,2001 to 2006 and 2008 to 2011. He was a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1994 to 2013;a member of the Senate of the Republic from 2022 until his death in 2023,and previously from March to November 2013;and a member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 2019 to 2022,and previously from 1999 to 2001. With a net worth of US$6.8 billion as of June 2023,Berlusconi was the third-wealthiest person in Italy at the time of his death.
Mario Monti is an Italian economist and academic who served as the Prime Minister of Italy from 2011 to 2013,leading a technocratic government in the wake of the Italian debt crisis.
Luigi Ciriaco De Mita was an Italian politician and statesman who served as Prime Minister of Italy from April 1988 to July 1989.
Pier Ferdinando Casini is an Italian politician. He served as President of the Chamber of Deputies from 2001 to 2006.
Giorgio Napolitano was an Italian politician who served as the 11th president of Italy from 2006 to 2015,the first to be re-elected to the office. In office for 8 years and 244 days,he was the longest-serving president,until the record was surpassed by Sergio Mattarella in 2023. He also was the longest-lived president in the history of the Italian Republic,which has been in existence since 1946. Although he was a prominent figure of the First Italian Republic,he did not take part in the Constituent Assembly of Italy that drafted the Italian constitution;he is considered one of the symbols of the Second Italian Republic,which came about after the Tangentopoli scandal of the 1990s. Due to his dominant position in Italian politics,some critics have sometimes referred to him as Re Giorgio.
Giuseppe "Beppe" Pisanu is an Italian politician,longtime member of the Chamber of Deputies for the Christian Democracy (1972–1992) and then for Forza Italia (1994–2006).
The People of Freedom was a centre-right political party in Italy. The PdL launched by Silvio Berlusconi as an electoral list,including Forza Italia and National Alliance,on 27 February for the 2008 Italian general election. The list was later transformed into a party during a party congress on 27–29 March 2009. The party's leading members included Angelino Alfano,Renato Schifani,Renato Brunetta,Roberto Formigoni,Maurizio Sacconi,Maurizio Gasparri,Mariastella Gelmini,Antonio Martino,Giancarlo Galan,Maurizio Lupi,Gaetano Quagliariello,Daniela Santanchè,Sandro Bondi,and Raffaele Fitto.
The first Berlusconi government was the 51st government of the Italian Republic.
Ignazio Benito Maria La Russa is an Italian politician who is serving as president of the Senate of the Republic since 13 October 2022. He is the first politician with a neo-fascist background to hold the position of President of the Senate,the second highest-ranking office of the Italian Republic.
Alfredo Mantica is an Italian politician. He served as Undersecretary for Foreign Affairs in the Berlusconi IV Cabinet.
The political career of Silvio Berlusconi (1994–2011) began in 1994,when Berlusconi entered politics for the first time serving intermittent terms as Prime Minister of Italy from 1994 to 1995,2001 to 2006 and 2008 to 2011,his career was racked with controversies and trials;amongst these was his failure to honour his promise to sell his personal assets in Mediaset,the largest television broadcaster network in Italy,in order to dispel any perceived conflicts of interest.
Maria Elisabetta Alberti,known by her married name as Maria Elisabetta Alberti Casellati,is an Italian lawyer and politician,serving as Minister fo Institutional Reforms since 2022. She was President of the Italian Senate from 2018 to 2022. She was the first woman ever to have held this position. Casellati is a long-time member of the liberal-conservative party Forza Italia and served as Undersecretary of Health and Justice in previous governments. In 2022,she was nominated as candidate for President of Italy by the centre-right coalition.
Giuseppe Vegas is an Italian politician.
The 2013 Italian general election was held on 24 and 25 February 2013 to determine the 630 members of the Chamber of Deputies and the 315 elective members of the Senate of the Republic for the 17th Italian Parliament. The centre-left alliance Italy Common Good,led by the Democratic Party (PD),obtained a clear majority of seats in the Chamber of Deputies thanks to a majority bonus that effectively trebled the number of seats assigned to the winning force and narrowly defeated the centre-right alliance of former Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi in the popular vote. Close behind,the new anti-establishment Five Star Movement of comedian Beppe Grillo became the third force,well ahead of the centrist coalition of outgoing Prime Minister Mario Monti. In the Senate,no political group or party won an outright majority,resulting in a hung parliament.
The Letta government was the 62nd government of the Italian Republic. In office from 28 April 2013 to 22 January 2014,it comprised ministers of the Democratic Party (PD),The People of Freedom (PdL),Civic Choice (SC),the Union of the Centre (UdC),one of the Italian Radicals (RI) and three non-party independents.
Guido Crosetto is an Italian businessman and politician,who has been serving as Minister of Defence since 22 October 2022 in the government of Giorgia Meloni.
Calogero Antonio Mannino is an Italian politician and lawyer. He has been a member of the Christian Democracy and the Union of Christian and Centre Democrats. He served in the cabinet of Prime Ministers Spadolini (1981–1982),Fanfani (1982–1983) and Andreotti (1991–1992). He was also member of the Chamber of Deputies of Italy in Legislature VII (1976–1979),Legislature VIII (1979–1983),Legislature IX (1983–1987),Legislature X (1987–1992),Legislature XI (1992–1994) and Legislature XVI and member of the Senate in Legislature XV.
The secretary of the Council of Ministers is a senior member of the Italian Cabinet. The secretary is one of the undersecretaries of state to the Presidency of the Council of Ministers but,unlike them,he sits in the Cabinet and helps the prime minister in coordinating the government and its meetings. Thus,the secretary is usually a person very close to the prime minister. The secretary of the Council of Ministers,which may not be confused with the largely ceremonial office of Deputy Prime Minister,resembles that of the White House chief of staff.
Gianpiero D'Alia is an Italian politician.
Francesco D'Onofrio is an Italian politician and academic,former Minister of Public Education in the Berlusconi I Cabinet.
