Demographics of Slovakia

Last updated

Demographics of Slovakia
Slovakia single age population pyramid 2020.png
Population pyramid of Slovakia in 2020
Population5,422,194 (2024 est.) [1]
Birth rate9.7 births/1,000 population
Death rate11.0 deaths/1,000 population
Life expectancy78.31 years
  male74.83 years
  female82.04 years
Fertility rate1.57 children
Infant mortality rate4.82 deaths/1,000 live births
Net migration rate0.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population
Sex ratio
Total0.94 male(s)/female (2022 est.)
Nationality
NationalitySlovak
Major ethnic Slovaks (83.82%)
Minor ethnic
Population density in Slovakia, by district. Population density in Slovakia.png
Population density in Slovakia, by district.
Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
18482,442,000    
18692,481,811+0.08%
18802,477,521−0.02%
18902,595,180+0.47%
19002,782,925+0.70%
19102,916,657+0.47%
19212,993,859+0.24%
19303,324,111+1.17%
19463,327,803+0.01%
19503,442,317+0.85%
19614,174,046+1.77%
19704,537,290+0.93%
19804,991,168+0.96%
19915,274,335+0.50%
20015,379,455+0.20%
20115,397,036+0.03%
20215,449,270+0.10%
Source:

Demographic features of the population of Slovakia include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population. The demographic statistics are from the Statistical Office of the SR, unless otherwise indicated.

Contents

Population

Total population: 5,422,194 as of 2024. [2]

Demographic statistics according to the World Population Review in 2021. [3]

Population over time

Progression of population at censuses
Census DatePopulationPopulation
density
(per km2)
18482,442,000 (est.)50
18692,481,81151
18802,477,52151
18902,595,18053
19002,782,92557
19102,916,65760
February 15, 19212,993,85961
December 1, 19303,324,11168
October 4, 19463,327,80368
March 1, 19503,442,31770
March 1, 19614,174,04685
December 1, 19704,537,29093
November 1, 19804,991,168102
March 3, 19915,274,335108
May 26, 20015,379,455110
May 21, 20115,397,036110
June 13, 20215,449,270111

2.533.544.555.519001920194019601980200020202040millionSlovakia Total Population

12345619001920194019601980200020202040Total fertility rateSlovakia TFR

Population growth rate

-0.08% (2021 est.) Country comparison to the world: 202nd

Fertility

Slovakia total fertility rate by region (2014)
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1.5 - 1.7
1.4 - 1.5
1.3 - 1.4
< 1.3 Slovakia total fertility rate by region 2014.png
Slovakia total fertility rate by region (2014)
  1.5 - 1.7
  1.4 - 1.5
  1.3 - 1.4
  < 1.3

The total fertility rate is the number of children born per woman. It is based on fairly good data for the entire period. Sources: Our World In Data and Gapminder Foundation. [4]

Years187618771878187918801881188218831884188518861887188818891890 [4]
Total Fertility Rate in Slovakia5.965.965.925.875.835.785.745.775.85.835.865.95.835.765.7
Years1891189218931894189518961897189818991900 [4]
Total Fertility Rate in Slovakia5.635.565.545.525.55.495.475.425.375.31
Years1901190219031904190519061907190819091910 [4]
Total Fertility Rate in Slovakia5.265.215.165.15.044.994.934.864.784.71
Years19111912191319141915191619171918 [4]
Total Fertility Rate in Slovakia4.634.564.133.73.282.852.433.03

1.45 children born/woman (2021 est.) Country comparison to the world: 211th

Mother's mean age at first birth

27.2 years (2019 est.)

Life expectancy

Life expectancy at birth in Slovakia Life expectancy by WBG -Slovakia -diff.png
Life expectancy at birth in Slovakia
total population: 78.07 years
male: 74.56 years
female: 81.82 years (2021 est.)

Age structure

0-14 years: 15.13% (male 423,180 /female 400,128)
15-24 years: 10.06% (male 280,284 /female 266,838)
25-54 years: 44.61% (male 1,228,462 /female 1,198,747)
55-64 years: 13.15% (male 342,142 /female 373,452)
65 years and over: 17.05% (male 366,267 /female 561,120) (2020 est.)

Median age

total: 41.8 years. Country comparison to the world: 41st
male: 40.1 years
female: 43.6 years (2020 est.)

Vital statistics

Population
(from 1980
December 31)
Live birthsDeathsNatural
change
Births
(per 1000)
Deaths
(per 1000)
Natural
change
(per 1000)
Crude migration
(per 1000)
Fertility
rates
Induced
abortions
19192,940,00091,72956,86634,86331.219.311.93.64
19203,001,00097,68061,08436,59632.620.412.28.54.25
19213,006,000114,94763,50751,44038.221.117.1-15.44.96
19223,046,000111,05962,90248,15736.520.715.8-2.54.67
19233,095,000111,07054,17656,89435.917.518.4-2.54.55
19243,135,000106,06256,32249,74033.818.015.9-2.34.25
19253,168,000102,86756,17146,69632.517.714.7-4.24.01
19263,202,000103,95559,70144,25432.518.613.8-3.13.98
19273,232,00099,89159,17240,71930.918.312.6-3.23.76
19283,258,00099,67358,32041,35330.617.912.7-4.73.69
19293,286,00095,38756,44738,94029.017.211.9-3.33.48
19303,315,00096,89852,26844,63029.215.813.5-4.73.49
19313,350,00093,30954,27339,03627.916.211.7-1.13.33
19323,388,00093,14052,99240,14827.515.611.9-0.63.29
19333,424,00084,97550,65534,32024.814.810.00.62.96
19343,456,00083,49350,17833,31524.214.59.6-0.32.86
19353,486,00082,38249,83032,55223.614.39.3-0.62.8
19363,515,00080,92348,54732,37623.013.89.2-0.62.79
19373,540,00079,86249,52730,33522.614.08.6-1.52.77
19383,726,00080,80049,70031,10021.713.38.344.22.8
19393,577,00081,20048,80032,40022.713.69.1-49.12.83
19403,553,00085,30052,90032,40024.014.99.115.82.87
19413,542,00085,70053,60032,10024.215.19.1-12.22.9
19423,523,00087,20055,90031,30024.815.98.9-14.32.93
19433,503,00087,70050,90036,80025.014.510.5-16.22.96
19443,484,00091,60058,10033,50026.316.79.6-15.03
19453,459,00081,88067,50514,37523.719.54.2-11.43.03
19463,392,00082,20447,58934,61524.214.010.2-29.63.09
19473,399,00087,65941,49146,16825.812.213.6-11.53.21
19483,446,00091,18940,87350,31626.511.914.6-0.83.24
19493,447,00091,05341,72749,32626.412.114.3-14.03.28
19503,463,00099,72139,66860,05328.811.517.4-12.83.56
19513,509,000100,66340,50560,15828.511.517.0-3.73.58
19523,558,000100,82436,89763,92728.010.217.7-3.73.57
19533,599,00099,12435,59863,52626.99.717.3-5.83.50
19543,661,00098,31034,86663,44426.29.316.90.33.45
19553,727,00099,30532,91766,38826.08.617.40.63.47
19563,787,00099,46732,81566,65225.58.417.1-1.03.46
19573,844,00097,31135,75561,55624.59.015.5-0.43.34
19583,900,00093,27232,10661,16623.17.915.1-0.53.2512,383
19593,946,00087,99134,07753,91421.58.313.1-1.33.0717,217
19603,994,00088,41231,60956,80322.17.914.2-2.03.0820,738
19614,182,00087,35931,40355,95621.67.813.833.33.0424,244
19624,238,00083,89934,39849,50119.88.111.71.72.8423,784
19634,282,00087,15832,97854,18020.47.712.7-2.32.9519,076
19644,327,00086,87832,87554,00320.17.612.5-2.02.9119,174
19654,371,00084,25735,91048,34719.38.211.1-0.92.8021,037
19664,412,00081,45336,35745,09618.58.210.2-0.82.6824,445
19674,449,00077,53735,45842,07917.48.09.5-1.12.5026,571
19684,484,00076,37038,07638,29417.08.58.5-0.62.4027,398
19694,519,00079,76940,62339,14617.79.08.7-0.92.4328,534
19704,550,00080,66642,24038,42617.79.38.4-1.52.4027,873
19714,557,00083,06242,85640,20618.29.48.8-7.32.4228,619
19724,597,00087,79441,41046,38419.19.010.1-1.32.4926,213
19734,641,00092,95343,75949,19420.09.410.6-1.02.5625,335
19744,690,00097,58544,93452,65120.89.611.2-0.62.6026,086
19754,739,00097,64945,24852,40120.69.511.1-0.72.5326,160
19764,790,00099,81445,42054,39420.89.511.4-0.62.5227,700
19774,841,00099,53347,18152,35220.69.710.8-0.22.4727,875
19784,890,000100,19347,77852,41520.59.810.7-0.62.4528,641
19794,939,000100,24047,83752,40320.39.710.6-0.62.4429,981
19804,996,000 [5] 95,10050,57944,52119.110.18.92.62.3131,240
19815,036,00093,29049,63243,65818.69.98.7-0.72.2831,943
19825,074,00092,61850,39342,22518.310.08.4-0.92.2633,107
19835,110,00092,05352,43339,62018.110.37.8-0.72.2733,625
19845,145,00090,84351,73939,10417.710.17.6-0.82.2534,268
19855,179,00090,15552,46437,69117.510.27.3-0.72.2636,283
19865,209,00087,13853,23333,90516.810.36.5-0.72.2040,624
19875,237,00084,00652,98031,02616.110.15.9-0.52.1849,690
19885,264,00083,24252,47530,76715.910.05.9-0.72.1551,000
19895,288,00080,11653,90226,21415.210.25.0-0.42.0848,602
19905,311,00079,98954,61925,37015.110.34.8-0.52.0948,437
19915,296,00078,56954,61823,95114.910.34.5-7.32.0545,902
19925,314,00074,64053,42321,21714.110.14.0-0.61.9942,626
19935,336,00073,25652,70720,54913.89.93.90.21.9338,815
19945,356,00066,37051,38614,98412.49.62.80.91.6734,883
19955,368,00061,42752,6868,74111.59.81.60.61.5229,409
19965,379,00060,12351,2368,88711.29.51.70.31.4725,173
19975,388,00059,31052,0807,23011.09.71.30.41.4322,318
19985,393,00057,58253,1564,42610.79.90.80.11.3721,109
19995,399,00056,22352,4023,82110.49.70.70.41.3319,949
20005,403,00055,15152,7242,42710.29.80.40.31.3018,468
20015,379,00051,13651,980-8449.59.7-0.2-4.21.2018,026
20025,379,00050,84151,532-6919.59.6-0.10.11.1917,382
20035,380,00051,71352,230-5179.69.7-0.10.31.2016,222
20045,385,00053,74751,8521,89510.09.60.40.51.2515,307
20055,389,00054,43053,47595510.19.90.20.51.2714,427
20065,394,00053,90453,30160310.09.90.10.81.2614,243
20075,401,00054,42453,85656810.110.00.11.21.2713,424
20085,412,00057,36053,1644,19610.69.80.81.21.3413,394
20095,425,00061,21752,9138,30411.39.81.50.91.4413,240
20105,435,00060,41053,4456,96511.19.81.30.51.4312,582
20115,404,00060,81351,9038,91011.39.61.7-7.41.4511,789
20125,411,00055,53552,4373,09810.39.70.60.71.3411,214
20135,416,00054,82352,0892,73410.19.60.50.41.3411,105
20145,421,00055,03351,3463,68710.29.50.70.21.3710,582
20155,426,00055,60453,8261,77810.39.90.40.51.4010,058
20165,435,00057,55752,3515,20610.69.61.00.71.489,390
2017 [6] [7] 5,443,00057,96953,9144,05510.79.90.80.71.529,083
20185,450,00057,63954,2933,34610.610.00.60.71.549,039
20195,458,00057,05453,2343,82010.59.80.71.41.576,682
2020 [8] 5,459,78156,65059,089-2,43910.410.8-0.40.81.596,180
20215,434,71256,56573,461-16,89610.413.5-3.1-1.51.635,552
20225,428,80052,66859,583-6,9159.711.0-1.30.21.575,891
20235,424,68748,62754,133-5,5069.010.0-1.00.31.495,910
20245,419,45146,24153,876-7,6358.510.0-1.40.41.46

Current vital statistics

PeriodLive birthsDeathsNatural increase
January-May 202419,38622,557-3,171
January-May 202517,05222,852-5,800
DifferenceDecrease2.svg -2,334 (-12.04%)Increase Negative.svg +295 (+1.31%)Decrease2.svg -2,629
Source: [9]

Total fertility rates by region

2022 [10]
RegionsTFR
Banskobystricky vlajka.svg Banská Bystrica Region 1.51
Stredné Slovensko 1.50
Zilinsky vlajka.svg Žilina Region 1.50
Bratislavsky vlajka.svg Bratislava Region 1.44
Bratislavsky vlajka.svg Bratislava Region 1.44
Trnavsky vlajka.svg Trnava Region 1.42
Nitriansky vlajka.svg Nitra Region 1.41
Western Slovakia 1.39
Trenciansky vlajka.svg Trenčín Region 1.35

Structure of the population

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.I.2021): [11]
Age GroupMaleFemaleTotal%
Total2 666 4862 793 2955 459 781100
0–4151 050143 932294 9825.40
5–9148 703141 292289 9955.31
10–14145 175138 142283 3175.19
15–19134 762127 412262 1744.80
20–24146 693139 514286 2075.24
25–29178 989171 583350 5726.42
30–34205 583197 417403 0007.38
35–39223 148210 774433 9227.95
40–44233 997219 935453 9328.31
45–49210 693203 524414 2177.59
50–54172 944172 772345 7166.33
55–59174 312181 729356 0416.52
60–64167 771185 911353 6826.48
65-69150 908184 068334 9766.14
70-74103 829143 803247 6324.54
75-7959 778100 517160 2952.94
80-8434 12269 918104 0401.91
85-8916 50540 15056 6551.04
90-945 39515 67821 0730.39
95-991 4624 0765 5380.10
100+6671 1481 8150.03
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0–14444 928423 366868 29415.90
15–641 848 8921 810 5713 659 46367.03
65+372 666559 358932 02417.07

Languages

Slovak (official) 81.77%, Hungarian 8.48%, Roma 1.84%, Rusyn 0.71%, other or unspecified 7.2% (2021 census)

Employment and income

Unemployment, youth ages 15–24

Total: 19.4%. Country comparison to the world: 81st
Male: 98.6%
Female: 21.2% (2020 est.)

Ethnic groups

Linguistic composition within the territory of modern Slovakia in 1910 Slovakia 1910 Language.png
Linguistic composition within the territory of modern Slovakia in 1910
Ethnic structure of Slovakia according to Census 2011 Slovakia 2011 Ethnic.png
Ethnic structure of Slovakia according to Census 2011
Ethnic structure of Slovakia in 2021 Slovakia 2021 Ethnic.png
Ethnic structure of Slovakia in 2021

The majority of the 5.4 million inhabitants of Slovakia are Slovak (83.82%). Hungarians are the largest ethnic minority (7.75%) and are concentrated in the southern and eastern regions of Slovakia. Other ethnic groups include Roma (1.23%), Czechs, Croats, Rusyns, Ukrainians, Germans, Poles, Gorals, Serbs [12] and Jews (about 2,300 remain of the estimated pre-WWII population of 120,000).

While both international organizations (the United Nations and the World Bank) and the official Slovak statistics office offer population figures for ethnic groups, these figures seldom come close to agreement. Figures for the Roma population (for a variety of reasons) vary between 1% and 10% of the population. In the most recent survey carried out by the Slovak Government's Roma Plenipotentiary, the figure for the percentage of Roma was arrived at through interview with municipality representatives and mayors, according to how many Roma they think live in their jurisdictions. The figure arrived at by this means was in the region of 300,000 (about 5.6%). Note that in the case of the 5.6%, however, the above percentages of Hungarians and Slovaks are lower accordingly.[ citation needed ]

Population of Slovakia according to ethnic group at censuses 1950–2021 [13] [14]
Ethnic
group
19501961197019801991200120112021 [15]
Number%Number%Number%Number%Number%Number%Number%Number%
Slovaks 86.685.385.54,317,00886.54,519,32885.74,614,85485.84,352,77580.74,567,54783.8
Hungarians 10.312.412.2559,49011.2567,29610.8520,5289.7458,4678.5422,0657.7
Romani 1-----75,8021.489,9201.7105,7382.067,1791.2
Czechs 1.21.11.057,1971.159,3261.144,6200.830,3670.628,9960.5
Rusyns 1.4-0.936,8500.717,1970.324,2010.433,4820.623,7460.4
Ukrainians 13,2810.310,8140.27,4300.19,4510.2
Others0.51.20.420,6230.422,1050.474,5181.426,2840.534,7280.6
Unknown382,4937.1295,5585.4
Total3,442,3174,174,0464,537,2904,991,1685,274,3355,379,4555,397,0365,450,421
1Before 1991 the Romani were not recognized as a separate ethnic group

The official state language is Slovak, and Hungarian is widely spoken in the southern regions.

Despite its modern European economy and society, Slovakia has a significant rural element. About 45% of Slovaks live in villages with fewer than 5,000 inhabitants, and 14% in villages with fewer than 1,000.

Immigration

Foreign residents: [16]

202320242025
Total294,607327,372342,048
Flag of Ukraine.svg Ukraine 165,041187,719201,116
Flag of Serbia.svg Serbia 19,06519,06716,240
Flag of Europe.svg Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Czechia 12,70212,74212,441
Flag of Europe.svg Flag of Hungary.svg Hungary 9,6069,7549,759
Flag of Vietnam.svg Vietnam 8,4489,65511,179
Flag of Russia.svg Russia 8,0928,6748,850
Flag of Europe.svg Flag of Romania.svg Romania 6,7566,5866,411
Flag of Europe.svg Flag of Poland.svg Poland 6,0726,0545,994
Flag of Europe.svg Flag of Germany.svg Germany 4,4974,4724,451
Flag of Georgia.svg Georgia 4,2455,7604,676
Flag of North Macedonia.svg North Macedonia 3,5103,6893,211
Flag of Europe.svg Flag of Italy.svg Italy 2,9773,0673,252
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China 2,7913,0163,323
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom 2,7062,7072,591
Flag of India.svg India 2,5863,9925,732
Flag of Europe.svg Flag of Austria.svg Austria 2,5802,5992,574
Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg Bosnia and Herzegovina 1,7531,7081,365
Flag of Europe.svg Flag of Bulgaria.svg Bulgaria 1,6021,5461,531
Flag of Europe.svg Flag of France.svg France 1,5401,5181,468
Flag of South Korea.svg South Korea 1,4971,5691,619
Flag of Belarus.svg Belarus 1,3191,7231,814
Flag of Albania.svg Albania 1,2241,6711,346
Flag of Kazakhstan.svg Kazakhstan 1,2231,3891,525
Flag of Europe.svg Flag of Spain.svg Spain 1,1841,1511,090
Flag of Iran.svg Iran 1,1791,1751,136
Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey 1,1761,4361,546
Flag of the United States.svg United States 1,1471,3681,379
Flag of Europe.svg Flag of Croatia.svg Croatia 1,1001,0811,067
Flag of Kyrgyzstan.svg Kyrgyzstan 1,0331,4621,717
Others/undeclared15,41619,02221,645
Slovakia net migration, 1993–2024
YearImmigrantsEmigrantsNet migration
19939,1067,3551,751
19953,0552132,842
19962,4772222,255
19972,3035721,731
19982,0527461,306
19992,0726181,454
20002,2748111,463
20012,0231,0111,012
20022,3121,411901
20032,6031,1941,409
20044,4601,5862,874
20055,2761,8733,403
20065,5891,7353,854
20078,6241,8316,793
20088,7651,7057,060
20096,3461,9794,367
20105,2721,8893,383
20114,8291,8632,966
20125,4192,0033,416
20135,1492,7702,379
20145,3573,6441,713
20156,9973,8703,127
20167,6863,8013,885
20177,1883,4663,722
20187,2533,2983,955
20197,0163,3843,632
20206,7752,4284,347
20215,7333,3952,338
20225,4634,468995
20235,9234,5221,401
20246,8244,4252,399

[17]

Religion

Religious structure of Slovakia in 2011 Slovakia 2011 Religion.png
Religious structure of Slovakia in 2011

The Slovak constitution guarantees freedom of religion. At the 2021 census, the majority of Slovak citizens (55.76%) practise Roman Catholicism; the second-largest group consider themselves atheists (23.79%). About 5.27% are Protestants, 4% are Greek Catholics, 1.56% are Reformed Christian, and 0.93% are Orthodox.

See also

References

  1. "Stock of population in the SR on 30 June 2024". slovak.statistics.sk. Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic. 30 August 2024. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
  2. "Stock of population in the SR on 30 June 2024". slovak.statistics.sk. Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic. 30 August 2024. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
  3. "Slovakia Population 2021", World Population Review
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 Max Roser (2014), "Total Fertility Rate around the world over the last centuries", Our World In Data, Gapminder Foundation , archived from the original on 2019-03-09, retrieved 2019-05-02
  5. datacube Slovakia, visited 23 december 2023
  6. "Štatistický úrad SR". Portal.statistics.sk. Archived from the original on 7 February 2011. Retrieved 29 August 2017.
  7. "Main demographic data". Infostat.sk. Retrieved 29 August 2017.
  8. "Štatistický úrad SR". Portal.statistics.sk.
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