{{lang|cs|Moravané, Moravani, Moravci}}"},"image":{"wt":"Moravian national costumes.jpg"},"population":{"wt":"560,000"},"popplace":{"wt":""},"region1":{"wt":"{{flagcountry|Czech Republic}}"},"pop1":{"wt":"556,641(2021){{Cite web|url=https://www.scitani.cz/docs/42301/8ea55afa-d6e9-cac1-0272-e3e8b11323aa/sldb2021_pv_obyvatelstvo_podle_narodnosti_vc_kombinaci.xlsx|title=SČÍTÁNÍ LIDU 2021}}"},"region2":{"wt":"{{flagcountry|Slovakia}}"},"pop2":{"wt":"2,049 (2021){{Cite web |title=SODB2021 - Obyvatelia - Základné výsledky |url=https://www.scitanie.sk/obyvatelia/zakladne-vysledky/struktura-obyvatelstva-podla-narodnosti/SR/SK0/SR |access-date=2022-08-25 |website=www.scitanie.sk}}{{Cite web |title=SODB2021 - Obyvatelia - Základné výsledky |url=https://www.scitanie.sk/obyvatelia/zakladne-vysledky/struktura-obyvatelstva-podla-dalsej-narodnosti/SR/SK0/SR |access-date=2022-08-25 |website=www.scitanie.sk}}"},"langs":{"wt":"[[Czech language|Czech]] ([[Moravian dialects]]), [[Silesian language|Silesian]], [[Slovak language|Slovak]]"},"rels":{"wt":"[[Catholic Church|Roman Catholicism]] (majority)\nalso [[Irreligion]] [[Protestantism]] (minority)"},"related":{"wt":"[[Czechs]], [[Chodové]], [[Silesians]], [[Slovaks]] and other [[West Slavs]]"},"1":{"wt":"\n"},"native_name":{"wt":""},"native_name_lang":{"wt":""}},"i":0}}]}" id="mwDQ">Ethnic group
Total population | |
---|---|
560,000 | |
Regions with significant populations | |
Czech Republic | 556,641(2021) [1] |
Slovakia | 2,049 (2021) [2] [3] |
Languages | |
Czech (Moravian dialects), Silesian, Slovak | |
Religion | |
Roman Catholicism (majority) also Irreligion Protestantism (minority) | |
Related ethnic groups | |
Czechs, Chodové, Silesians, Slovaks and other West Slavs |
Moravians (Czech : Moravané or colloquially Moraváci, outdated Moravci) are a West Slavic ethnographic group from the Moravia region of the Czech Republic, who speak the Moravian dialects of Czech or Common Czech or a mixed form of both. Along with the Silesians of the Czech Republic, a part of the population to identify ethnically as Moravian has registered in Czech censuses since 1991. The figure has fluctuated and in the 2011 census, 6.01% [4] of the Czech population declared Moravian as their ethnicity. Smaller pockets of people declaring Moravian ethnicity are also native to neighboring Slovakia.
A certain ambiguity in Czech derives from the fact that it distinguishes between Čechy (Bohemia proper) and Česko (Czech Republic as a whole), but the corresponding adjective český and noun designating an inhabitant and/or a member of a nation Čech can be related to either of them. The adjective bohémský and the noun bohém ('Bohemian') carry only the meaning of a "socially unconventional person". [6]
The Moravians (Old Slavic self-designation Moravljane, [7] Slovak : Moravania, Czech : Moravané) were a West Slavic tribe in the Early Middle Ages. Although it is not known exactly when the Moravian tribe was founded, Czech historian Dušan Třeštík claimed the tribe was formed between the turn of the 6th century to the 7th century, around the same time as the other Slavic tribes. [8]
In the 9th century, Moravians settled mainly around the historic Region of Moravia and Western Slovakia, but also in parts of central-southern Poland, Lower Austria (up to the Danube) and Upper Hungary. The first known mention of the Moravians was in the Annales Regni Francorum in 822 AD. The tribe was located by the Bavarian Geographer between the tribe of the Bohemians and the tribe of the Bulgarians.
In the 9th century, Moravians gained control over neighbouring Nitra and founded the Realm of Great Moravia, ruled by the Mojmír dynasty until the 10th century. At times, the empire controlled even other neighboring regions, including Bohemia and parts of present-day Hungary, Poland and Ukraine. It emerged into one of the most powerful states in Central Europe.
After the breakup of the Moravian Realm, the Moravian tribe was divided between the new states of Bohemia and Hungary. Part of western Moravians were assimilated by the Czechs and presently identify as Czechs. The modern nation of the Slovaks was formed out of the eastern part of the Moravian tribe within the Kingdom of Hungary. [9]
Bretislaus I, Duke of Bohemia, in solving the succession question in his will (he had five sons) decided to completely reorganize Moravia, so that it should be governed by the younger sons of the royal family. It was still considered one country, but from an objective standpoint it was weakened, and Moravia could not lead to the formation of the medieval "nation" as quickly as in Bohemia. The way leading to the differentiation of the Moravians from the Czechs was caused by political and economic changes of the late 12th and early 13th century. Czech historical tradition was grown in Moravia during the Middle Ages, for example Czech Chronicles was reread and distributed.
Until the beginning of the 20th century, the Slavic-speaking inhabitants of Moravia publicly identified themselves as Moravians, not Czechs. [10] Then, for fear of Germanization, Moravians would begin to publicly refer to themselves as Moravian Czechs — joining a stronger neighbour. But internally they still felt their nationality (for example, here [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] ). Slovaks were considered as Czechs by politicians, too. [16] In the Czechoslovak and communist eras, Moravian nationality would be banned, [17] so for the first time since the fall of the dangers of Germanization (1945), Moravian nationality appeared in the 1991 census.
After the Velvet Revolution a strong political movement to reinstate the Moravian-Silesian land (země Moravskoslezská in Czech, since it was one of the four lands of Czechoslovakia between 1928 and 1939, was active in Moravia. Accordingly, the officially-united Czech ethnicity was split in line with the historical division of the Czech Republic into Bohemia, Moravia and Czech Silesia (the Czech lands ). Some of the Czech-speaking inhabitants of Moravia declared Moravian ethnicity, and some of the Czech speaking inhabitants of Czech Silesia declared Silesian ethnicity.
There were 1,363,000 citizens of the Czech Republic who declared Moravian ethnicity in 1991. However, the number dropped to 380,474 in the 2001 census: many persons previously declaring themselves as Moravians declared themselves again as Czechs in this census. In 2011, the number increased again to 630 897. The strongest sense of patriotism towards Moravia is found in the environs of Brno, the former capital of Moravia. However, the results of the census are skewed by the fact that most Moravians do not know that they can sign up for the Moravian nationality, but would use the option, according to a 2011 survey.
Only in the first years after the Velvet Revolution in 1989 did a few Moravian political parties seem to be able to gain some success in elections. However, they lost much of their strength around the time of the dissolution of Czechoslovakia in 1993 when Czechoslovakia peacefully split into the Czech Republic and Slovak Republic.
According to the 2011 census, the percentage of people without religion was the lowest in the Moravian Zlín Region, followed by the partly-Bohemian, partly-Moravian, Vysočina Region; the South Moravian Region; the Moravian-Silesian Region; and the predominantly-Moravian Olomouc Region. [18]
Bohemia is the westernmost and largest historical region of the Czech Republic. Bohemia can also refer to a wider area consisting of the historical Lands of the Bohemian Crown ruled by the Bohemian kings, including Moravia and Czech Silesia, in which case the smaller region is referred to as Bohemia proper as a means of distinction.
Moravia is a historical region in the east of the Czech Republic and one of three historical Czech lands, with Bohemia and Czech Silesia.
Demographic features of the population of the Czech Republic include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, and religious affiliations.
The Czechs, or the Czech people, are a West Slavic ethnic group and a nation native to the Czech Republic in Central Europe, who share a common ancestry, culture, history, and the Czech language.
Great Moravia, or simply Moravia, was the first major state that was predominantly West Slavic to emerge in the area of Central Europe, possibly including territories which are today part of the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Austria, Germany, Poland, Romania, Croatia, Serbia, Ukraine and Slovenia. The formations preceding it in these territories were Samo's tribal union and the Pannonian Avar state.
The Czech lands or the Bohemian lands is a historical-geographical term which, in a historical context, denotes the three historical regions of Bohemia, Moravia, and Czech Silesia out of which Czechoslovakia, and later the Czech Republic, were formed. Together the three have formed the Czech part of Czechoslovakia since 1918, and the Czech Republic since 1 January 1993.
The Moravian-Silesian Region is one of the 14 administrative regions of the Czech Republic. Before May 2001, it was called the Ostrava Region. The region is located in the north-eastern part of its historical region of Moravia and in most of the Czech part of the historical region of Silesia. The region borders the Olomouc Region to the west and the Zlín Region to the south. It also borders two other countries – Poland to the north and Slovakia to the east.
The Principality of Nitra, also known as the Duchy of Nitra, was a West Slavic polity encompassing a group of settlements that developed in the 9th century around Nitra, in present-day Slovakia. Its history remains uncertain because of a lack of contemporary sources. The territory's status is subject to scholarly debate: some modern historians describe it as an independent polity that was annexed either around 833 or 870 by the Principality of Moravia, while others say that it was under the influence of the neighbouring West Slavs from Moravia from its inception.
The Moravian-Silesian Football League (MSFL) is one of the third level football leagues in the Czech Republic headquartered in Olomouc. The league comprises teams from the historic regions of Moravia and Silesia and partially also Bohemia.
The history of Moravia, one of the Czech lands, is diverse and characterized by many periods of foreign governance.
Moravané is a small non-parliamentary political party in Moravia in the Czech Republic.
The Czech–Slovak languages are a subgroup within the West Slavic languages comprising the Czech and Slovak languages.
Czechoslovaks is a designation that was originally designed to refer to a united panethnicity of ethnic Czechs and Slovaks. It has later adopted two distinct connotations, the first being the aforementioned supra-ethnic meaning, and the second as a general term for all citizens of the former Czechoslovakia regardless of ethnicity. Cultural and political advocates of Czechoslovak identity have historically ascribed the identity to be applicable to all people of Czech and Slovak heritage both in the country and in the diaspora.
Moravian dialects are the varieties of Czech spoken in Moravia, a historical region in the east of the Czech Republic. There are more forms of the Czech language used in Moravia than in the rest of the Czech Republic. The main four groups of dialects are the Bohemian-Moravian group, the Central Moravian group, the Eastern Moravian group and the Lach (Silesian) group. While the forms are generally viewed as regional variants of Czech, some Moravians claim them to be one separate Moravian language.
An official version of the flag of Moravia, unlike the provincial Moravian coat of arms, does not exist, because such a flag has never been granted to Moravia. However, there are several documented variants of Moravian flags used in the past. The first recorded version dates from the mid-13th century.
The Christianization of Bohemia refers to the spread of the Christian religion in the lands of medieval Bohemia. As in many other countries, Christianity was related to the establishment of a new state, and was implemented from the top down.
The Moravians were a West Slavic tribe in the Early Middle Ages. Although it is not known exactly when the Moravian tribe was founded, Czech historian Dušan Třeštík claimed that the tribe was formed between the turn of the 6th century to the 7th century, around the same time as the other Slavic tribes. In the 9th century Moravians settled mainly around the historic region of Moravia and Western Slovakia, but also in parts of Lower Austria and Upper Hungary.
The Bohemians or Bohemian Slavs, were an early Slavic tribe in Bohemia. Their land became recognized as the Duchy of Bohemia around 870.
The Merehani was a Slavic tribe mentioned by the Bavarian Geographer. They are often connected to the Moravians (Marhari), although some scholars believe that the tribe was separate.
The Moravian Land Movement is a political party in the Czech Republic that campaigns for the establishment of an autonomous region in Moravia and Czech Silesia. It was founded in 2018 as a breakaway from Moravané and claims to be the successor to the Movement for Autonomous Democracy–Party for Moravia and Silesia.
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