Demographics of Pakistan

Last updated

Demographics of Pakistan
Pakistan Population Pyramid - July 1, 2021.svg
Population pyramid of Pakistan as of July 1, 2021
Population241,492,197 (2023 census)
Density260.8/km2 (675/sq mi)
248.9/km2 (645/sq mi) (including AJK and GB)
Growth rateIncrease2.svg 1.85% (2021 est.) [1]
Birth rate22.5 births / 1,000 population (2023 est.)
Death rate7.2 deaths / 1,000 population (2021 est.) [1]
Life expectancy69.1 years (2022 est.) [1]
 • male66.8 years (2022 est.) [1]
 • female71.6 years (2022 est.) [1]
Fertility rate3.32 children born / woman (2024 est.) [1]
Net migration rate−2.0 migrants / 1,000 population (2021 est.) [1]
Age structure
0–14 years37.2% (2020) [2]
15–64 years58.6% (2020) [2]
65 and over4.2% (2020) [2]
Nationality
Nationalitynoun: Pakistani
Major ethnicSee Ethnic groups of Pakistan
Language
SpokenSee Languages of Pakistan

Pakistan had a population of 241,499,431 according to the final results of the 2023 Census. [3] [4] [5] This figure includes Pakistan's four provinces e.g. Punjab, Sindh, KPK, Balochistan and Islamabad Capital Territory. AJK and Gilgit-Baltistan's census data is yet to be approved by CCI Council of Pakistan. Pakistan is the world's fifth most populous country. [2]

Contents

Between 1951 and 2023, Pakistan's population expanded over sevenfold, going from 33.7 million to 241.5 million. The country has a relatively high, although declining, growth rate supported by high birth rates and low death rates. Between 1998 and 2017, the average annual population growth rate stood at +2.40%.

Dramatic social changes have led to urbanization and the emergence of two megacities: Karachi and Lahore. The country's urban population more than tripled between 1981 and 2017 (from 23.8 million to 75.7 million), as Pakistan's urbanisation rate rose from 28.2% to 36.4%. Even with this, the nation's urbanisation rate remains one of the lowest in the world, and in 2017, over 130 million Pakistanis (making up nearly 65% of the population) lived in rural areas.

Due to a high fertility rate, which was estimated at 3.5 in 2022, Pakistan has one of the world's youngest populations. The 2017 census recorded that 40.3% of the country's population was under the age of 15, while only 3.7% of Pakistanis were aged 65 or more. [6] The median age of the country was 19, [6] while its sex ratio was recorded to be 105 males per 100 females. [3]

The demographic history of Pakistan from the ancient Indus Valley civilization to the modern era includes the arrival and settlement of many cultures and ethnic groups in the modern region of Pakistan from Eurasia and the nearby Middle East. Because of this, Pakistan has a multicultural, multilinguistic, and multiethnic society. Despite Urdu being Pakistan's lingua franca, estimates on how many languages are spoken in the country range from 75 to 85, [7] [8] and in 2023, the country's three largest ethnolinguistic groups were the Punjabis (making up 36.98% of the total population), the Pashtuns (18.15%), and the Sindhis (14.31%). [9] Pakistan is also thought to have the world's fourth-largest refugee population, estimated at 1.4 million in mid-2021 by the UNHCR. [10]

Population

Historical Population of Pakistan (four provinces and Islamabad)
YearPop.±% p.a.
1951 33,740,167—    
1961 42,880,378+2.43%
1972 65,309,340+3.90%
1981 84,253,644+2.87%
1998 132,352,279+2.69%
2017 207,684,626+2.40%
2023 241,492,917+2.55%
Source: [3] [11]

The 2017 census recorded a population of 207,684,626 living in Pakistan's four provinces and the Islamabad Capital Territory. [3] The census also reported that Azad Kashmir's population stood at 4,045,367 [4] and Gilgit-Baltistan's population was 1,492,924. [5] This meant that the total population of Pakistan in 2017 was 213,222,917.

The statistics in the graphs below were created by the United Nations in July 2022, [2] and are covered in more detail in the following section. This data includes Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan.For years, the country with a population exceeding 230 million has been grappling to achieve economic stability. The people of Pakistan are living in a precarious situation, with an uncertain future in the country. [12]

Population Density per square kilometre of each Pakistani District as of the 2017 Pakistan Census Population Density by Pakistani District - 2017 Census.svg
Population Density per square kilometre of each Pakistani District as of the 2017 Pakistan Census
Population of each Pakistani District as of the 2017 Pakistan Census Population by Pakistani District - 2017 Census.svg
Population of each Pakistani District as of the 2017 Pakistan Census

Estimates from the United Nations

In July 2022, the United Nations published its 2022 World Population Prospects, a bi annually-updated database where key demographic indicators are estimated and projected worldwide down to the country level. They prepared estimates of Pakistan's population for every year from 1950 to 2021, as well as projections for future decades. [2] This data includes Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan.

Projections are highlighted in light yellow, and future figures are taken from the medium fertility variant.

YearPopulation% Population
aged 0 to 14		% Population
aged 15 to 64		% Population
aged 65 or more
1950 37,696,26440.5%54.0%5.5%
1955 40.3%55.3%4.4%
1960 45,954,22640.6%55.6%3.7%
1965 51,841,62642.3%54.4%3.4%
1970 59,290,87243.7%53.0%3.3%
1975 68,126,99943.9%52.8%3.4%
1980 80,624,05743.0%53.5%3.4%
1985 97,121,55243.0%53.5%3.5%
1990 115,414,06943.7%52.8%3.5%
1995 133,117,47644.4%52.1%3.5%
2000 154,369,92442.9%53.6%3.5%
2005 174,372,09841.1%55.4%3.5%
2010 194,454,49839.2%57.0%3.7%
2015 210,969,29838.4%57.7%3.9%
2020 227,196,74137.3%58.6%4.2%
2025 249,948,88535.3%60.2%4.5%
2030 274,029,83633.2%61.9%4.9%
2035 298,432,78031.7%63.1%5.2%
2040 322,595,76729.5%64.8%5.7%
2045 345,818,94528.1%65.8%6.2%
2050 367,808,46826.6%66.5%6.9%

Structure of population

Median Age of each Pakistani District as of the 2017 Pakistan Census Median Age by Pakistani District - 2017 Census.svg
Median Age of each Pakistani District as of the 2017 Pakistan Census

The table below shows Pakistan's population structure by five-year age group and sex using data from the 2023 census. [6] The country's population structure is relatively young, with a median age of 19. With low death rates and a declining birth rate, the country is in the third stage of its Demographic transition. In 2017, Pakistan's sex ratio stood at 105 males per 100 females, [3] which is much more balanced than South Asia as a whole.

The statistics below do not contain Azad Kashmir or Gilgit-Baltistan, which disseminate their census data separately from Pakistan's four provinces and Islamabad.

Age GroupMaleFemaleTotalSex ratioPercent
Total 123,824,681 116,613,077 240,458,089 106.12 100.0%
0 – 4 18,744,989 17,726,432 36,471,421 105.1 14.0%
5 – 9 16,566,852 15,705,284 32,272,136 108.8 14.5%
10 – 14 14,971,914 13,817,137 28,790,182 111.8 11.8%
15 – 19 12,581,753 11,569,893 24,154,118 108.0 10.3%
20 – 24 10,323,755 10,141,864 20,468,713 100.0 8.9%
25 – 29 8,946,770 9,016,962 17,967,161 98.8 7.9%
30 – 34 7,730,953 8,026,004 15,759,670 96.4 6.8%
35 – 39 7,313,967 7,047,727 14,364,278 102.2 5.8%
40 – 44 6,471,820 6,063,242 12,536,758 101.5 4.6%
45 – 49 5,095,175 4,624,839 9,721,110 104.9 3.8%
50 – 54 4,219,234 3,827,003 8,047,113 110.4 3.3%
55 – 59 3,455,455 2,933,026 6,388,995 113.8 2.4%
60 – 64 2,247,341 2,063,695 4,311,861 108.9 2.1%
65 – 69 1,557,733 1,393,718 2,952,013 111.8 1.4%
70 – 74 1,131,916 1,001,805 2,134,220 113.0 1.0%
75 or more 1,338,251 1,287,621 2,626,523 103.9 1.26%
Age GroupMaleFemaleTotalSex ratioPercent
0 – 14 43,533,720 40,182,776 83 716 496 108.3 40.3%
15 – 64 58,778,374 57,478,712 116,257,086 102.3 56.0%
65+ 4,027,900 3,683,144 7,711,044 109.4 3.7%

Population distribution

Pakistan's population is distributed unevenly, with over half of the country's people living in the Punjab province. On the other hand, Balochistan, which is geographically Pakistan's largest province, is its least-populated. The population is mainly clustered around the most agriculturally fertile areas, particularly the Indus River and its tributaries. Most of the country's people live in rural areas, but two large and growing megacities exist: the coastal Karachi and Lahore in eastern Punjab. Numerous smaller cities (such as Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, Peshawar, and the capital Islamabad) dot the rest of the country.

By province

The table below shows Pakistan's provinces and territories by their historical population. While every one of Pakistan's administrative units currently has a growing population, the pace of growth is uneven throughout the country due to differing levels of fertility, mortality, as well as domestic and international migration. Populations pertaining to the modern borders of provinces are shown.

Province or Territory 1951 [11] 1961 [11] 1972 [11] 1981 [11] 1998 [11] 2017 [3] 2023 [9]
Flag of Punjab.svg  Punjab 20,540,762 25,463,974 37,607,423 47,292,441 73,691,290 109,989,655127,688,922
Flag of Sindh.svg  Sindh 6,047,748 8,367,065 14,155,909 19,028,666 30,439,893 47,854,51055,696,147
PK-NWFP.svg  Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 5,888,550 7,578,186 10,879,781 13,259,875 20,919,976 35,501,96440,856,097
Flag of Balochistan.svg  Balochistan 1,167,167 1,353,484 2,428,678 4,332,376 6,565,885 12,335,12914,894,402
Proposed Flag of Islamabad Capital Territory.svg  ICT — 117,669 237,549 340,286 805,235 2,003,3682,363,863
Four Provinces and ICT 33,740,167 42,880,378 65,309,340 84,253,644 132,352,279 207,684,626241,499,431
Flag of Azad Kashmir.svg  Azad Kashmir [4] 886,000 1,065,000 1,573,000 1,983,465 2,972,501 4,045,367
Flag of Pakistan.svg  Gilgit-Baltistan [5] — — — — 884,000 1,492,924
Total Pakistan — — — — 136,208,780 213,222,917

Urbanization

The following table shows how Pakistan has urbanised. As is true with population growth, urbanisation is an uneven and nonlinear process. With an urbanisation rate of 54% as of 2023, Sindh is the country's most urbanised province. This is largely fuelled by the growth of Karachi, which economically dominates the province and attracts migrants from the rest of the country. On the other hand, the northwestern province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and the territory of Gilgit-Baltistan both share very low urbanisation rates.

Province or Territory 1951 [11] 1961 [11] 1972 [11] 1981 [11] 1998 [11] 2017 [3] 2023 [9]
Flag of Punjab.svg  Punjab 17.3% 21.5% 24.4% 27.6% 31.3% 36.9%40.7%
Flag of Sindh.svg  Sindh 29.2% 37.9% 40.4% 43.3% 48.8% 51.9%54.0%
PK-NWFP.svg  Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 8.6% 10.3% 11.1% 12.6% 14.3% 16.5%15.0%
Flag of Balochistan.svg  Balochistan 12.4% 16.9% 16.5% 15.6% 23.9% 27.6%30.1%
Proposed Flag of Islamabad Capital Territory.svg  ICT 0.0% 0.0% 32.3% 60.1% 65.7% 50.4%46.9%
Four Provinces and ICT 17.7% 22.5% 25.4% 28.3% 32.5% 36.4%38.9%
Flag of Azad Kashmir.svg  Azad Kashmir [4] — — — 8.1% 12.5% 17.4%
Flag of Pakistan.svg  Gilgit-Baltistan [5] — — — — 16.8% 16.5%

Largest cities

As urbanisation has progressed and owing to the country's large population, Pakistan today has many very large urban centers which act as hubs for commerce and culture. The nation has two megacities, Karachi and Lahore. With populations of 18.9 million and 13 million respectively (as of 2023), they are among the world's largest metropolises. The country also has eight more cities with more than 1 million residents each: Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, Gujranwala, Multan, Hyderabad, Peshawar, Quetta, and Islamabad. All of them play a significant role in the country, housing nearly 19 million people altogether.

Below a list showing Pakistan's cities with a population over 500,000 as of the 2023 census can be found, which not only shows the current populations of the cities, but also their growth rates and locations. The full list can be found on the main article: List of cities in Pakistan by population.

All city population figures below include adjacent cantonments.

City NameProvince or Territory2023 Population [9] Avg. Annual Growth Rate (2017-2023)2017 Population [13] Avg. Annual Growth Rate (1998-2017)1998 Population [11]
Karachi Flag of Sindh.svg  Sindh 18,868,021Increase2.svg4.05%14,884,402 Increase2.svg 2.48%9,339,023
Lahore Flag of Punjab.svg  Punjab 13,004,135Increase2.svg2.65%11,119,985 Increase2.svg 4.06%5,209,088
Faisalabad Flag of Punjab.svg  Punjab 3,691,999Increase2.svg2.37%3,210,158 Increase2.svg 2.49%2,008,861
Rawalpindi Flag of Punjab.svg  Punjab 3,357,612Increase2.svg8.18%2,097,824 Increase2.svg 2.11%1,409,768
Gujranwala Flag of Punjab.svg  Punjab 2,668,047Increase2.svg3.55%2,028,421 Increase2.svg 3.11%1,132,509
Multan Flag of Punjab.svg  Punjab 2,215,381Increase2.svg2.85%1,872,641 Increase2.svg 2.38%1,197,384
Hyderabad Flag of Sindh.svg  Sindh 1,921,275Increase2.svg1.53%1,733,622 Increase2.svg 2.10%1,166,894
Peshawar PK-NWFP.svg  KPK 1,905,975Decrease2.svg-0.55%1,969,823 Increase2.svg 3.72%982,816
Quetta Flag of Balochistan.svg  Balochistan 1,565,546Increase2.svg7.79%999,385 Increase2.svg 3.04%565,137
Islamabad Proposed Flag of Islamabad Capital Territory.svg  ICT 1,108,872Increase2.svg1.59%1,009,003 Increase2.svg 3.45%529,180
Sargodha Flag of Punjab.svg  Punjab 975,886Increase2.svg6.81%658,208 Increase2.svg 1.92%458,440
Sialkot Flag of Punjab.svg  Punjab 911,817Increase2.svg5.64%656,730 Increase2.svg 2.36%421,502
Bahawalpur Flag of Punjab.svg  Punjab 903,795Increase2.svg2.88%762,774 Increase2.svg 3.34%408,395
Jhang Flag of Punjab.svg  Punjab 606,533Increase2.svg6.58%414,309 Increase2.svg 1.83%293,366
Sheikhupura Flag of Punjab.svg  Punjab 591,424Increase2.svg3.80%472,269 Increase2.svg 2.79%280,263
Gujrat Flag of Punjab.svg  Punjab 574,240Increase2.svg6.65%390,758 Increase2.svg 2.34%251,792
Sukkur Flag of Sindh.svg  Sindh 563,851Increase2.svg2.02%500,401 Increase2.svg 2.12%335,551
Larkana Flag of Sindh.svg  Sindh 551,716Increase2.svg2.07%488,006 Increase2.svg 3.15%270,283
Sahiwal Flag of Punjab.svg  Punjab 538,344Increase2.svg5,59%388,795
Okara Flag of Punjab.svg  Punjab 533,693Increase2.svg6.90%358,146
Rahim Yar Khan Flag of Punjab.svg  Punjab 519,261Increase2.svg3.57%420,963 Increase2.svg 3.14%233,537
Kasur Flag of Punjab.svg  Punjab 510,875Increase2.svg6.11%358,296

Vital statistics

As Pakistan lacks a national vital statistics system that publicly disseminates data, all of the following information is made from estimates, which are constantly being revised. The United Nations estimated that in February 2021, only 42% of births in Pakistan were officially registered, making it the world's most populous country where more than half of births remained unregistered. [14] The United Nations was unable to estimate how many deaths were officially registered. [14]

Demographic and Health Surveys

Surveys taken by the Pakistani government or intergovernmental organisations are seen as the most reliable method of keeping tabs on birth, death, fertility, and infant mortality rates in a country without a reliable vital registration system. The data recorded in these surveys is used by the United Nations in order to estimate historical and future fertility and mortality figures for Pakistan in the World Population Prospects. [15]

Survey Crude birth rate Crude death rate Infant mortality rate Total fertility rate Life expectancy
UrbanRuralTotalMaleFemale
DHS 2006–07 [16] 30.7 — 78 3.30 4.49 4.08 — —
PSLM 2007–08 [17] — — 69 3.13 4.41 3.95 — —
PSLM 2011–12 [18] — — 63 3.26 4.35 3.95 — —
DHS 2012–13 [19] — — 74 3.16 4.20 3.84 — —
PSLM 2013–14 [20] — — 65 3.24 4.35 3.95 — —
DHS 2017–18 [21] 29 — 62 2.93 3.94 3.56 — —
PSLM 2018–19 [22] — — 60 3.01 4.21 3.75 — —
PMMS 2019 [23] — — — — — — 64.3 66.5
PDS 2020 [24] 27 6.7 56 3.07 4.11 3.72 64.5 65.5

Regional fertility rates

Many of the surveys above also recorded fertility rate data broken down by each of Pakistan's administrative units, while many more surveys have been taken explicitly focusing on a specific province or territory. The fertility rate data recorded in these surveys is displayed in the table below.

Survey Punjab Sindh KPK Balochistan ICT AJK G-B Pakistan
DHS 2006–07 [16] 3.9 4.3 4.34.1 — — — 4.08
MICS Punjab 2011 [25] 3.6 — — — — — — —
DHS 2012–13 [19] 3.8 3.9 3.94.2 3.0 — 3.8 3.84
MICS Punjab 2014 [26] 3.5 — — — — — — —
MICS Sindh 2014 [27] — 4.0 — — — — — —
MICS KPK 2016–17 [28] — — 4.0— — — — —
MICS G-B 2016–17 [29] — — — — — — 4.6 —
DHS 2017–18 [21] 3.4 3.6 4.14.0 3.0 3.5 4.7 3.56
MICS Punjab 2017–18 [30] 3.7 — — — — — — —
MICS Sindh 2018–19 [31] — 3.7 — — — — — —
MICS KPK 2019 [32] — — 4.0 — — — — —
MICS Balochistan 2019-20 [33] — — — 4.0 — — — —
MICS AJK 2020–21 [34] — — — — — 3.4 — —

The MICS surveys above also provide data on the district level, although they come with a far higher margin of error. This margin of error is lessened for larger districts from where larger sample sizes were utilised. In the chart below, the latest fertility rate data for each Pakistani district with a population of over 2 million as of the 2017 census can be found. Although the table is originally ranked by district population size, clicking the headers will allow the reader to sort the table.

District ProvinceTotal fertility rateMargin of errorYear of survey 2017 Population
Lahore Flag of Punjab.svg  Punjab 3.1 ±0.2 2017–18 [30] 11,119,985
Faisalabad Flag of Punjab.svg  Punjab 3.3 ±0.2 2017–18 [30] 7,882,444
Rawalpindi Flag of Punjab.svg  Punjab 3.2 ±0.2 2017–18 [30] 5,402,380
Gujranwala Flag of Punjab.svg  Punjab 3.4 ±0.2 2017–18 [30] 5,011,066
Rahim Yar Khan Flag of Punjab.svg  Punjab 4.6 ±0.4 2017–18 [30] 4,807,762
Multan Flag of Punjab.svg  Punjab 3.6 ±0.3 2017–18 [30] 4,746,166
Peshawar PK-NWFP.svg  KPK 4.0 ±0.5 2019 [32] 4,331,959
Muzaffargarh Flag of Punjab.svg  Punjab 4.7 ±0.3 2017–18 [30] 4,328,549
Karachi West Flag of Sindh.svg  Sindh 2.2±0.3 2018–19 [31] 3,907,065
Sialkot Flag of Punjab.svg  Punjab 3.5 ±0.3 2017–18 [30] 3,894,938
Sargodha Flag of Punjab.svg  Punjab 3.6 ±0.3 2017–18 [30] 3,696,212
Bahawalpur Flag of Punjab.svg  Punjab 3.9 ±0.4 2017–18 [30] 3,669,176
Sheikhupura Flag of Punjab.svg  Punjab 3.7 ±0.3 2017–18 [30] 3,460,004
Qasur Flag of Punjab.svg  Punjab 4.3 ±0.3 2017–18 [30] 3,454,881
Okara Flag of Punjab.svg  Punjab 4.3 ±0.4 2017–18 [30] 3,040,826
Bahawalnagar Flag of Punjab.svg  Punjab 3.7 ±0.3 2017–18 [30] 2,975,656
Karachi Central Flag of Sindh.svg  Sindh 2.2 ±0.3 2018–19 [31] 2,971,382
Khanewal Flag of Punjab.svg  Punjab 4.0 ±0.4 2017–18 [30] 2,920,233
Vehari Flag of Punjab.svg  Punjab 3.8 ±0.3 2017–18 [30] 2,902,081
Karachi East Flag of Sindh.svg  Sindh 3.2 ±0.4 2018–19 [31] 2,875,315
Dera Ghazi Khan Flag of Punjab.svg  Punjab 5.4 ±0.5 2017–18 [30] 2,872,631
Gujrat Flag of Punjab.svg  Punjab 3.1 ±0.2 2017–18 [30] 2,756,289
Jhang Flag of Punjab.svg  Punjab 4.3 ±0.4 2017–18 [30] 2,742,633
Korangi Flag of Sindh.svg  Sindh 2.5 ±0.3 2018–19 [31] 2,577,556
Sahiwal Flag of Punjab.svg  Punjab 3.6 ±0.4 2017–18 [30] 2,513,011
Khairpur Flag of Sindh.svg  Sindh 4.8 ±0.8 2018–19 [31] 2,405,190
Mardan PK-NWFP.svg  KPK 4.0 ±0.3 2019 [32] 2,373,399
Swat PK-NWFP.svg  KPK 4.5 ±0.5 2019 [32] 2,308,624
Quetta Flag of Balochistan.svg  Balochistan 4.7 ±0.3 2019-20 [33] 2,269,473
Hyderabad Flag of Sindh.svg  Sindh 3.0 ±0.4 2018–19 [31] 2,199,928
Toba Tek Singh Flag of Punjab.svg  Punjab 3.5 ±0.3 2017–18 [30] 2,191,495
Sanghar Flag of Sindh.svg  Sindh 4.2 ±0.4 2018–19 [31] 2,049,873
Islamabad Proposed Flag of Islamabad Capital Territory.svg  ICT 3.0 ±0.3 2017–18 [21] 2,003,368

Estimates from the United Nations

In July 2022, the United Nations published its 2022 World Population Prospects, a biennially-updated database where key demographic indicators are estimated and projected worldwide down to the country level. They prepared the following estimates of demographic indicators in Pakistan for every year from 1950 to 2021, as well as projections for future decades. [2] This data includes Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan.

YearMid-year
population		Annual
live births		Annual
deaths		Annual
natural
increase		 CBR CDR RNC Crude migration rate (per 1,000) IMR TFR Life expectancy
MaleFemale
195037,696,2641,647,7391,173,219474,52043.731.112.6263.46.8036.233.4
195138,215,7851,686,3781,121,858564,52044.129.414.8-1.0252.96.8037.534.6
195238,816,7771,727,2881,089,817637,47144.528.116.4-0.7243.36.8038.635.8
195339,488,2281,768,5241,063,098705,42644.826.917.9-0.6234.16.8039.836.9
195440,224,0901,810,5741,044,277766,29745.026.019.0-0.4225.66.8040.737.9
195541,023,1281,853,9441,022,153831,79145.224.920.3-0.4217.46.8041.839.0
195641,884,9951,900,5101,008,574891,93645.424.121.3-0.3209.66.8042.739.8
195742,808,5111,948,801993,703955,09845.523.222.3-0.3202.26.8043.740.7
195843,794,9931,999,584981,7041,017,88045.622.423.2-0.2195.26.8044.641.6
195944,843,6392,049,555970,1491,079,40645.721.624.1-0.2188.76.8045.542.5
196045,954,2262,102,786961,0201,141,76645.720.924.80182.66.8046.343.4
196147,060,9152,157,005951,4111,205,59445.820.225.6-1.5176.76.8047.244.2
196248,161,8412,201,790939,9421,261,84845.619.526.2-2.8171.26.8048.045.0
196349,325,0502,247,761922,3831,325,37845.518.726.8-2.6166.06.8048.846.3
196450,552,5922,293,167907,5511,385,61645.317.927.4-2.5161.26.8049.747.4
196551,841,6262,340,733897,3331,443,40045.117.327.8-2.3157.56.8050.348.5
196653,199,4142,388,085869,5231,518,56244.816.328.5-2.3153.26.8051.650.0
196754,629,7932,438,389854,1121,584,27744.615.629.0-2.1149.96.8052.651.2
196856,124,7432,483,692840,6241,643,06844.215.029.2-1.8147.06.8053.552.3
196957,676,8052,524,648831,2021,693,44643.714.429.3-1.6144.56.8054.253.3
197059,290,8722,584,996818,8061,766,19043.513.829.8-1.8142.16.8055.054.6
197160,878,7812,648,206985,1421,663,06443.416.227.3-0.5145.56.8049.052.2
197262,509,5652,712,779838,9781,873,80143.313.429.9-3.1137.96.8155.455.1
197364,285,6242,785,335852,4591,932,87643.313.230.0-1.6136.06.8155.555.5
197466,149,1692,853,960874,0801,979,88043.113.229.9-0.9134.36.8155.455.6
197568,126,9992,931,237882,4232,048,81443.013.030.1-0.2132.56.8155.856.2
197670,230,9233,015,342900,0182,115,32442.912.830.10.8131.06.8155.956.5
197772,451,1053,116,181922,2942,193,88743.012.730.31.3129.66.8055.856.9
197874,789,3303,223,019934,5532,288,46643.112.530.61.7128.16.7856.357.4
197977,407,3413,337,688950,2352,387,45343.212.330.94.1126.66.7656.558.1
198080,624,0573,487,787970,0442,517,74343.512.131.410.2125.16.7356.858.6
198184,270,2023,700,2741,001,0602,699,21444.211.932.213.0123.66.7057.159.3
198287,828,1983,903,1911,035,6632,867,52844.611.832.79.5122.16.6757.459.8
198391,080,3724,067,8661,057,0643,010,80244.711.633.13.9120.56.6457.760.5
198494,003,8674,188,9051,075,2403,113,66544.511.433.1-1.0118.86.6258.061.0
198597,121,5524,291,6121,100,9923,190,62044.211.432.90.3117.06.5958.560.4
1986100,618,5234,453,0731,131,8493,321,22444.311.333.03.0115.26.5558.860.3
1987104,251,0934,602,4181,185,0623,417,35644.211.432.83.3113.36.5258.559.8
1988107,967,8384,749,5061,208,5743,540,93244.011.232.82.9111.56.4858.560.4
1989111,670,3864,877,5281,229,6723,647,85643.711.032.71.6109.66.4358.760.7
1990115,414,0694,979,8051,238,4823,741,32343.110.732.41.1107.86.3659.061.4
1991119,203,5695,070,5481,256,9303,813,61842.510.532.00.8105.96.2959.461.3
1992122,375,1795,146,9421,290,6283,856,31441.810.531.3-4.7103.96.2159.660.7
1993125,546,6155,116,8441,309,4183,807,42640.810.430.3-4.4101.76.1159.660.4
1994129,245,1395,188,3811,321,8343,866,54740.110.229.9-0.499.56.0159.760.6
1995133,117,4765,214,1501,355,5863,858,56439.210.229.01.097.25.8959.560.4
1996137,234,8105,283,3671,351,4573,931,91038.59.928.72.294.75.7759.961.1
1997141,330,2675,323,1601,363,6883,959,47237.79.728.01.892.35.6459.961.5
1998145,476,1065,391,8731,360,0604,031,81337.19.427.71.689.95.5160.262.1
1999149,694,4625,457,8201,350,1654,107,65536.59.027.51.587.55.3960.862.8
2000154,369,9245,503,8801,349,7604,154,12035.88.827.04.285.35.2661.263.1
2001159,217,7275,621,7181,365,2654,256,45335.38.626.84.683.35.1261.463.6
2002163,262,8075,707,8781,383,9134,323,96534.98.526.4-1.081.55.0161.763.7
2003166,876,6805,705,8691,389,3234,316,54634.18.325.8-3.779.84.8861.964.0
2004170,648,6205,728,0411,397,6374,330,40433.58.225.3-2.778.44.7561.964.4
2005174,372,0985,741,6651,467,7944,273,87132.98.424.5-2.777.94.6461.264.0
2006178,069,9845,780,3281,397,0714,383,25732.47.824.6-3.475.74.5362.165.7
2007181,924,5215,939,2541,421,1004,518,15432.67.824.8-3.274.54.5161.966.1
2008185,931,9556,026,1121,440,0354,586,07732.47.724.6-2.673.14.4361.966.5
2009190,123,2226,126,9531,466,0944,660,85932.27.724.5-2.071.84.3662.166.5
2010194,454,4986,251,6491,479,5754,772,07432.17.624.5-1.770.54.3062.366.9
2011198,602,7386,344,7911,497,8604,846,93131.97.524.3-3.068.84.2362.567.1
2012202,205,8616,416,6011,518,6634,897,93831.67.524.1-6.067.14.1762.767.2
2013205,337,5626,432,6441,512,9114,919,73331.27.323.8-8.365.54.1163.067.6
2014208,251,6286,374,7161,522,2174,852,49930.57.323.2-9.063.84.0163.167.7
2015210,969,2986,297,4661,504,8204,792,64629.77.122.6-9.662.13.9063.568.2
2016213,524,8406,291,2081,510,5004,780,70829.37.022.3-10.260.43.8363.768.3
2017216,379,6556,289,9651,496,2764,793,68929.06.922.1-8.758.83.7664.068.8
2018219,731,4796,302,0811,508,1294,793,95228.66.821.8-6.357.13.6964.269.0
2019223,293,2806,330,9331,514,6004,816,33328.36.821.5-5.355.53.6264.669.1
2020227,196,7416,362,7051,606,2934,756,41228.07.120.9-3.453.93.5663.968.8
2021231,402,1176,374,7411,660,4004,714,34127.57.220.4-1.952.33.4763.868.6
Life expectancy in Pakistan since 1921 Life expectancy in Pakistan.svg
Life expectancy in Pakistan since 1921
Life expectancy in Pakistan since 1960 by gender Life expectancy by WBG -Pakistan -diff.png
Life expectancy in Pakistan since 1960 by gender

Human development

Human Development Index

Pakistan's Human Development Index (HDI) value for 2018 is in the medium human development category with a score of 0.560 (152nd rank out of 189 countries and territories) compared to 0.614 (135th rank) for Bangladesh and 0.647 (129th rank) for India. From 1990 to 2018, Pakistan's HDI increased 38.6% from 0.404 to 0.560. [35] [36]

2018 Information on Pakistani provinces/regions, compared to other countries, estimated at three decimal places is provided below: [37]

RankRegionHDI (2018) [37]
Medium human development
1 Islamabad Capital Territory 0.875 Decrease2.svg
2 Azad Jammu & Kashmir 0.611 Decrease2.svg
3 Gilgit-Baltistan 0.593 Increase2.svg
4 Punjab 0.567 Increase2.svg
–Flag of Pakistan.svg  Pakistan (average)0.561 Increase2.svg
Low human development
5 Sindh 0.533 Decrease2.svg
6 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 0.529 Decrease2.svg
7 Balochistan 0.477 Increase2.svg
8 FATA 0.466 Decrease2.svg

Literacy

Definition: A person who can read a newspaper and write a simple letter in any language with understanding and can make simple calculation is treated as literate. Literacy rates for the population over 10 years old as of 2023 are below. [38]

Total population
62.85%
Urban
77.09%
Rural
55.56%

Educational institutions by kind

[40]

Nationality, ethnicity, and language

Ethnic groups

Ethnic groups in Pakistan (World Factbook) [41]
  1. Punjabis 44.7 (43.4%)
  2. Pashtuns 18.24 (17.7%)
  3. Sindhis 14.1 (13.7%)
  4. Saraikis 8.4 (8.16%)
  5. Muhajirs 7.6 (7.38%)
  6. Baloch 3.6 (3.50%)
  7. Others 6.3 (6.12%)

Foreign-born population in Pakistan

After the independence of Pakistan in 1947, millions of Muslims from India migrated to Pakistan and they are the largest group of foreign-born residents. This group is dwindling because of its age. The second-largest group of foreign-born residents consists of refugees from Afghanistan who are expected to leave Pakistan by the end of 2018. [50] There are also smaller groups of Muslim immigrants from countries such as Burma, Bangladesh, Iraq, Somalia, Iran, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan, among others.[ citation needed ]

YearPopulationForeign bornPercentage foreign born
196046,259,0006,350,29613.73%
197059,565,0005,105,5568.57%
198079,297,0005,012,5246.32%
1990111,698,0006,555,7825.87%
2000142,648,0004,242,6892.97%
2005157,935,0003,254,1122.06%
Percentage Foreign Born - Pakistan.jpg
Source: [51] Mostly those born before 1947

Languages

Languages of Pakistan (2023 census) [52]
  1. Punjabi 36.98 (37.0%)
  2. Pashto 18.15 (18.1%)
  3. Sindhi 14.31 (14.3%)
  4. Saraiki 12 (12.0%)
  5. Urdu 9.25 (9.25%)
  6. Balochi 3.38 (3.38%)
  7. Hindko 2.32 (2.32%)
  8. Brahui 1.16 (1.16%)
  9. Mewati 0.46 (0.46%)
  10. Kohistani 0.43 (0.43%)
  11. Kashmiri 0.11 (0.11%)
  12. Shina 0.05 (0.05%)
  13. Balti 0.02 (0.02%)
  14. Kalasha 0.003 (0.00%)
  15. Others 1.38 (1.38%)

Religion

Religion in Pakistan (2023 census) [60]
  1. Islam (96.35%)
  2. Hinduism (2.17%)
  3. Christianity (1.37%)
  4. Others (0.11%)

Pakistanis around the world

Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg  Saudi Arabia 4,000,000
Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg  United Arab Emirates 1,600,000
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 1,200,000
Flag of the United States.svg  United States 687,942 [66]
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada 215,000 [67]
Flag of Kuwait.svg  Kuwait 190,000
Flag of South Africa.svg  South Africa 180,000 [68]
Flag of Oman.svg  Oman 385,000
Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia 61,913 [69]
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany 179,668
Flag of Qatar.svg  Qatar 52,500
Flag of France.svg  France 50,000
Flag of Norway.svg  Norway 39,257 [70]
Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark 21,000
Flag of New Zealand.svg  New Zealand 10,000
Flag of Ireland.svg  Ireland 9,501
Flag of Japan.svg  Japan 22,118 [71]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Ethnolinguistic groups with a population of more than a million each. [43]

References

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Sources

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