The following list of Georgian cities is divided into three lists for Georgia itself, and the disputed territories of Abkhazia and South Ossetia. Although not recognized by most countries, Abkhazia and South Ossetia have been partially de facto independent since, respectively, 1992 and 1991 and occupied by Russia since 2008 Russo-Georgian War.
This is a list of the cities and towns (Georgian: ქალაქი, k'alak'i) in Georgia, according to the 2014 census data of the National Statistics Office of Georgia. [1] The list does not include the smaller urban-type settlements categorized in Georgia as daba (დაბა). The list also does not include cities and towns in the disputed territories of Abkhazia and South Ossetia.
Rank | Name | Name in Georgian | Population 1989 | Population 2002 | Population 2014 | Administrative Region |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. | Tbilisi | თბილისი | 1,243,200 | 1,073,300 | 1,184,282 | Tbilisi (capital region) |
2. | Batumi | ბათუმი | 136,900 | 121,800 | 204,156 | Adjara |
3. | Kutaisi | ქუთაისი | 232,500 | 186,000 | 147,635 | Imereti |
4. | Rustavi | რუსთავი | 159,000 | 116,400 | 125,103 | Kvemo Kartli |
5. | Gori | გორი | 67,800 | 49,500 | 48,143 | Shida Kartli |
6. | Zugdidi | ზუგდიდი | 49,600 | 68,900 | 42,998 | Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti |
7. | Poti | ფოთი | 50,600 | 47,100 | 41,465 | Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti |
8. | Kobuleti | ქობულეთი | 20,600 | 18,600 | 27,546 | Adjara |
9. | Khashuri | ხაშური | 31,700 | 28,600 | 26,135 | Shida Kartli |
10. | Samtredia | სამტრედია | 34,300 | 29,800 | 25,318 | Imereti |
11. | Senaki | სენაკი | 28,900 | 28,100 | 21,596 | Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti |
12. | Zestaponi | ზესტაფონი | 25,900 | 24,200 | 20,814 | Imereti |
13. | Marneuli | მარნეული | 27,100 | 20,100 | 20,211 | Kvemo Kartli |
14. | Telavi | თელავი | 27,800 | 21,800 | 19,629 | Kakheti |
15. | Akhaltsikhe | ახალციხე | 24,700 | 18,500 | 18,903 | Samtskhe-Javakheti |
16. | Ozurgeti | ოზურგეთი | 23,300 | 18,700 | 14,785 | Guria |
17. | Kaspi | კასპი | 17,100 | 15,200 | 13,423 | Shida Kartli |
18. | Chiatura | ჭიათურა | 28,900 | 13,800 | 12,803 | Imereti |
19. | Tskaltubo | წყალტუბო | 17,400 | 16,800 | 11,281 | Imereti |
20. | Sagarejo | საგარეჯო | 14,400 | 12,600 | 10,871 | Kakheti |
21. | Gardabani | გარდაბანი | 17,000 | 11,900 | 10,753 | Kvemo Kartli |
22. | Borjomi | ბორჯომი | 17,800 | 14,400 | 10,546 | Samtskhe-Javakheti |
23. | Tkibuli | ტყიბული | 22,000 | 14,500 | 9,770 | Imereti |
24. | Khoni | ხონი | 14,300 | 11,300 | 8,987 | Imereti |
25. | Bolnisi | ბოლნისი | 14,900 | 9,900 | 8,967 | Kvemo Kartli |
26. | Akhalkalaki | ახალქალაქი | 15,200 | 9,800 | 8,295 | Samtskhe-Javakheti |
27. | Gurjaani | გურჯაანი | 12,600 | 10,000 | 8,024 | Kakheti |
28. | Mtskheta | მცხეთა | 8,900 | 7,700 | 7,940 | Mtskheta-Mtianeti |
29. | Kvareli | ყვარელი | 11,300 | 9,000 | 7,739 | Kakheti |
30. | Akhmeta | ახმეტა | 8,900 | 8,600 | 7,105 | Kakheti |
31. | Kareli | ქარელი | 8,300 | 7,200 | 6,654 | Shida Kartli |
32. | Lanchkhuti | ლანჩხუთი | 9,000 | 7,900 | 6,395 | Guria |
33. | Tsalenjikha | წალენჯიხა | 9,300 | 9,000 | 6,388 | Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti |
34. | Dusheti | დუშეთი | 8,500 | 7,300 | 6,167 | Mtskheta-Mtianeti |
35. | Sachkhere | საჩხერე | 7,800 | 6,700 | 6,140 | Imereti |
36. | Dedoplistsqaro | დედოფლისწყარო | 10,100 | 7,700 | 5,940 | Kakheti |
37. | Lagodekhi | ლაგოდეხი | 9,000 | 6,900 | 5,918 | Kakheti |
38. | Ninotsminda | ნინოწმინდა | 6,900 | 6,300 | 5,144 | Samtskhe-Javakheti |
39. | Abasha | აბაშა | 7,200 | 6,400 | 4,941 | Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti |
40. | Tsnori | წნორი | 2,900 | 6,100 | 4,815 | Kakheti |
41. | Terjola | თერჯოლა | 6,300 | 5,500 | 4,644 | Imereti |
42. | Martvili | მარტვილი | 6,000 | 5,600 | 4,425 | Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti |
43. | Jvari | ჯვარი | 5,100 | 4,800 | 4,361 | Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti |
44. | Khobi | ხობი | 6,600 | 5,600 | 4,242 | Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti |
45. | Vani | ვანი | 6,400 | 4,600 | 3,744 | Imereti |
46. | Baghdati | ბაღდათი | 5,500 | 4,700 | 3,707 | Imereti |
47. | Vale | ვალე | 6,300 | 5,000 | 3,646 | Samtskhe-Javakheti |
48. | Tetritsqaro | თეთრი წყარო | 8,600 | 4,000 | 3,093 | Kvemo Kartli |
49. | Tsalka | წალკა | 8,000 | 1,700 | 2,874 | Kvemo Kartli |
50. | Dmanisi | დმანისი | 8,600 | 3,400 | 2,661 | Kvemo Kartli |
51. | Oni | ონი | 5,500 | 3,300 | 2,656 | Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti |
52. | Ambrolauri | ამბროლაური | 2,900 | 2,500 | 2,047 | Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti |
53. | Sighnaghi | სიღნაღი | 3,100 | 2,100 | 1,485 | Kakheti |
54. | Tsageri | ცაგერი | 1,400 | 2,000 | 1,320 | Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti |
This is a list of the largest cities and towns in Abkhazia. Data for 1989 is official data from the Soviet Census 1989, data for 2010 are unofficial estimates of the World Gazetteer.
Rank | Name | Name in Georgian | Name in Abkhaz | Population 1989 | Population 2010 | Administrative Region |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. | Sukhumi | სოხუმი | Аҟәа | 119,200 | 39,100 | Sukhumi District |
2. | Tkvarcheli | ტყვარჩელი | Тҟәарчал | 21,700 | 16,800 | Ochamchire District |
3. | Ochamchire | ოჩამჩირე | Очамчыра | 20,100 | 14,300 | Ochamchire District |
4. | Gali | გალი | Гал | 15,800 | 10,800 | Gali District |
5. | Gudauta | გუდაუთა | Гәдоуҭа | 14,900 | 10,800 | Gudauta District |
6. | Pitsunda | ბიჭვინთა | Пиҵунда | 11,000 | 8,500 | Gagra District |
7. | Gulripshi | გულრიფში | Гәылрыҧшь | 11,800 | 8,200 | Gulripshi District |
8. | Gagra | გაგრა | Гагра | 24,000 | 7,700 | Gagra District |
9. | New Athos | ახალი ათონი | Афон Ҿыц | 3,200 | 3,700 | Gudauta District |
This is a list of the largest cities and towns in Samachablo. Data for 1989 is official data from the Soviet Census 1989, data for 2010 are unofficial estimates of the World Gazetteer.
Rank | Name | Name in Georgian | Name in Ossetian | Population 1989 | Population 2010 | Administrative Region |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. | Tskhinvali | ცხინვალი | Цхинвал | 42,300 | 30,000 | Gori District |
The intent to construct Lazica, a new city on Georgia's Black Sea littoral, was unveiled by President of Georgia Mikheil Saakashvili on December 4, 2011. The construction was scheduled to be launched in 2012. [2]
Georgia is a transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and West Asia. It is part of the Caucasus region, bounded by the Black Sea to the west, Russia to the north and northeast, Turkey to the southwest, Armenia to the south, and Azerbaijan to the southeast. Georgia covers an area of 69,700 square kilometres (26,900 sq mi). It has a population of 3.7 million, of which over a third live in the capital and largest city, Tbilisi. Georgians, who are native to the region, constitute a majority of the country's population and are its titular nation.
South Ossetia, officially the Republic of South Ossetia or the State of Alania, is a partially recognised landlocked country in the South Caucasus. It has an officially stated population of just over 56,500 people (2022), who live in an area of 3,900 square kilometres (1,500 sq mi), with 33,000 living in the capital city, Tskhinvali.
The subdivisions of Georgia are autonomous republics, regions, and municipalities.
Gagra is a town in Abkhazia/Georgia, sprawling for 5 km on the northeast coast of the Black Sea, at the foot of the Caucasus Mountains. Its subtropical climate made Gagra a popular health resort in Imperial Russian and Soviet times.
The Georgian Civil War lasted from 1991 to 1993 in the South Caucasian country of Georgia. It consisted of inter-ethnic and international conflicts in the regions of South Ossetia and Abkhazia, as well as the violent military coup d'état against the first democratically-elected President of Georgia, Zviad Gamsakhurdia, and his subsequent uprising in an attempt to regain power.
The Abkhazia conflict is a territorial dispute over Abkhazia, a region on the eastern coast of the Black Sea in the South Caucasus, at the intersection of Eastern Europe and Western Asia. The conflict involves Georgia, the Russian Federation and the Russian-backed self-proclaimed Republic of Abkhazia, which is internationally recognised only by Russia, Venezuela, Nicaragua, Nauru, and Syria; Georgia and all other United Nations members consider Abkhazia a sovereign territory of Georgia. However, as of 2023, Georgia lacks de facto control over the territory.
The Georgian–Ossetian conflict is an ethno-political conflict over Georgia's former autonomous region of South Ossetia, which evolved in 1989 and developed into a war. Despite a declared ceasefire and numerous peace efforts, the conflict remained unresolved. In August 2008, military tensions and clashes between Georgia and South Ossetian separatists erupted into the Russo-Georgian War. Since then, South Ossetia has been under a de-facto Russian control.
The Republic of Abkhazia is a partially recognized state in the South Caucasus which declared independence from Georgia during the War in Abkhazia (1992–1993). At the time, the Soviet Union had recently collapsed (1991).
Though tensions had existed between Georgia and Russia for years and more intensively since the Rose Revolution, the diplomatic crisis increased significantly in the spring of 2008, namely after Western powers recognized the independence of Kosovo in February and following Georgian attempts to gain a NATO Membership Action Plan at the 2008 Bucharest Summit; and while the eventual war saw a full-scale invasion of Georgia by Russia, the clashes that led up to it were concentrated in the breakaway republics of Abkhazia and South Ossetia, two separatist Georgian regions that received considerable Russian support over the years.
The August 2008 Russo-Georgian War, also known as the Russian invasion of Georgia, was a war waged against Georgia by the Russian Federation and the Russian-backed separatist regions of South Ossetia and Abkhazia. The fighting took place in the strategically important South Caucasus region. It is regarded as the first European war of the 21st century.
This article describes the background of the Russo-Georgian War.
Abkhazia, officially the Republic of Abkhazia, is a partially recognised state in the South Caucasus, on the eastern coast of the Black Sea, at the intersection of Eastern Europe and West Asia. It covers 8,665 square kilometres (3,346 sq mi) and has a population of around 245,000. Its capital and largest city is Sukhumi.
The Georgian S1 route, is a "road of international importance" with a registered length of 542.7 kilometres (337.2 mi) within the Georgian classification system, which makes it the longest Georgian highway route. It runs from Tbilisi via Mtskheta, Gori, Khashuri, Zestaponi, Kutaisi, Samtredia, Senaki, Zugdidi, Sukhumi and Gagra to the border with Russia near Leselidze at the northwestern tip of the country, covering in practice 537 kilometres (334 mi). After crossing the Georgia–Russia border in breakaway Abkhazia, the highway continues to Sochi and Krasnodar as A147. It is part of European E60, E97 and E117 routes and Asian Highways AH5, AH81 and AH82, and connects with six other S-routes.
The Georgia–Russia border is the state border between Georgia and Russia. It is de jure 894 km in length and runs from the Black Sea coast in the west and then along the Greater Caucasus Mountains to the tripoint with Azerbaijan in the east, thus closely following the conventional boundary between Europe and Asia. In 2008 Russia recognised the independence of two self-declared republics within Georgia, meaning that in a de facto sense the border is now split into four sections: the Abkhazia–Russia border in the west, the western Georgia–Russia border between Abkhazia and South Ossetia, the South Ossetia–Russia border and the eastern Georgia–Russia border between South Ossetia and Azerbaijan. At present most of the international community refuse to recognise the independence of the two territories and regard them as belonging to Georgia.
Russian-occupied territories in Georgia are areas of Georgia that have been occupied by Russia since the Russo-Georgian War in 2008. They consist of the regions of the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia and the former South Ossetian Autonomous Region of Soviet Georgia, whose status is a matter of international dispute.
The events in 2010 in Georgia.
Diplomatic relations between the People's Republic of China and Georgia were established on 9 June 1992. Since then, bilateral ties have advanced gradually and mostly focused on economic cooperation. China has an embassy in Tbilisi, and Georgia has an embassy in Beijing. By 2017, China had become Georgia's fourth largest trading partner and the second largest exporting market for Georgian wine. China has been appreciative of Georgia's commitment to One-China policy and has in turn respected Georgia's territorial integrity by refusing to recognize the Russian-backed separatist regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia. Georgia, for its part, has been increasingly attractive for China as a transportation hub and one of the shortest routes for Chinese goods on their way to the European Union.
South Ossetia is a partially recognised landlocked state, approximately 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) above sea level on the slopes of the Greater Caucasus. Although it declared independence in 2008, only a few countries acknowledge it. The region is inhabited by Ossetians, an Iranian ethnic group. According to Russia, Nicaragua, Venezuela, Syria and Nauru, it is one of the world's newest independent states. All other states and international organisations consider South Ossetia a part of Georgia, functioning as a de facto state for twenty years after declaring independence and conducting a successful armed rebellion. Its Georgian inhabitants have been displaced. South Ossetia has been a source of tension for a number of years, with Georgia and Russia's political differences impeding peaceful independence and breeding a turbulent series of events which undermine the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
The Abkhazia–Georgia separation line is a de facto boundary set up in aftermath of the War in Abkhazia and Russo-Georgian War, which separates the self-declared Republic of Abkhazia from the territory controlled by the Government of Georgia. Republic of Abkhazia, and those states that recognise its independence, view the line as an international border separating two sovereign states, whereas the Georgian government and most other countries refer to it as an 'Administrative Border Line' within Georgian territory. The Georgian government views Abkhazia as a Russian-occupied Georgian territory and designates the de facto boundary as an occupation line in accordance with the Georgian "Law on Occupied Territories of Georgia". The Constitution of Georgia recognizes Abkhazia as autonomous within Georgia, therefore the line corresponds to the 'Administrative Border' of the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia within Georgian territory.