The northern part of the Fergana region is occupied by the Karakalpak and Yazyavan steppes, and is bounded on the south by a tributary of the Olay ridge. Fergana region is a high seismic zone. The climate is continental, and the winters are mild, sometimes very cold. The average temperature in January is 3.2 C, in July - 28 C. The lowest temperature is 27.9 C. The maximum temperature is 42 C. Strong "Kokand wind" blowing in the west of the valley has a negative impact on the climate. In the south-east it blows summer wind. Annual precipitation ranges from 100mm in the west (around Kokand) to 170mm in the east, and up to 270mm on the mountain slopes, mainly in the spring. Vegetation period is 210–240 days. The Syrdarya River flows along the north-western border of the region. Isfara, Sokh, Shohimardon, Isfayramsay start from the Alay ridge. The rivers are saturated with ice and snow. There are mainly gray soils and meadow-swamp soils, mostly hungry and typical gray soils on the hills, alluvial-meadow soils on the terraces of the Syrdarya, sandy and loamy meadows in the northern part of the region.
Various salt marshes grow in the salt marshes of Central Fergana. There are poplar, mulberry, slate, broad-leaved forests, and pine forests in the oases in the river valleys. In the Syrdarya tugai forests, wolves, foxes, wolverines, rabbits, badgers, and jays are among the wild animals. There are many birds and reptiles. In the water basins, there are fish such as marinka, usach, carp, grass carp, perch.
Fergana Region has a typically continental climate with extreme differences between winter and summer temperatures.
Border length (2286.4km) of which, it borders Kyrgyzstan (433.0km), Tajikistan (134.6km), Andijan (101.6km), Namangan (79.4km).
Population -3782.2 thousand people
Number of public meetings -1041
Number of apartments -756 428
Ethnic composition: Uzbeks (89.6%), Kyrgyz (2%), Tajiks (5.9%), representatives of other nationalities (2.6%).
Regional economy specializes in industrial production (Light industry, Food industry, Building materials industry, Fuel and energy industry, Chemical and petrochemical industry), agricultural production (fruits and vegetables, grapes, melons, livestock, poultry), pottery, carpentry tourism, trade, meat and dairy processing and other services.
II. Socio-economic indicators::
Schools – 946 та,
Preschool education institution – 1 870 та,
Health facilities – 839 та
New vacancies: 11430 та
Unemployment rate: 9,7%
Number of the population who work abroad: 275 236
Unemployed: 158 079
Crime status – 5 079
(in 2018 – 5 362)
Revenues to the local budget – 1127,4 billion soum (110,6%).
Gas supply level - 98,5%
The level of drinking water supply - 85%
Large industrial enterprises: 38
("ФНҚЗ" (limited liability company), "Азот"
(joint stock company)
Joint ventures: 446
Small industrial enterprises: 7930
During the reporting period, the number of business entities increased by 2,721 (32206)
Industry (growth rate of 9458.2 billion soums -102.1%)
Service (growth rate of 6015.8 billion soums -101.7%)
Including foreign direct investment - 1104.7 billion soums
Export volume – 327,3 billion dollars
In practice – 249,1 billion dollars (76,1%)
Including the export plan of industrial products – 175,3 billion dollars
In practice – 138,4 billion dollars (79%)
Fruit and vegetable export plan - 141,2 billion dollars.
In practice – 104,9 billion dollars (74,3%)
Loans allocated under the program "Our Youth our Future" – 20116 billion soum
Loans allocated under the program "Every family-entrepreneur" – 176895 billion soum
III. Agricultural indicators:
Cotton growing: - 250000 tons
In 2019 – 108,8% expectation
Grain growing: - 526630 tons
In 2019 – 115,6% done
The number of large horned cattle as of January 1, 2020: - 1006376
As of January 1, 2019 increased to 8936
The number of operating farms: 10918
Average land area: to 37,5
Fergana region is a region of the Republic of Uzbekistan. It was founded on January 15, 1938. It is located in the east of the republic, in the south of the Fergana valley. Border length (2286.4km) Of which, in the east with the state of Kyrgyzstan (433.0km), in the west with the state of Tajikistan (134.6km), in the north with Andijan (101.6km), Namangan (79.4km), regions bordering on. The area is 7.0 thousand sq.km (700 461 ha). The population is 3782.2 thousand people (2020), mainly Uzbeks, but also Tajiks, Russians, Kyrgyz, Tatars and other nationalities. Number of citizens' meetings -1041, number of apartments -756 428. The center of the city is Fergana.
History
Two snakes, Sokh, Ferghana valley, 3rd millennium BCE.
Fergana region is one of the centers of ancient culture of Uzbekistan. Pictures of Stone Age settlements and rocks found in the area, stone tools indicate that people have lived in the valley since ancient times. The excavation of the Greater Fergana Canal has played an important role in the study of archeological monuments of the region. During the canal's excavation, monuments of the Bronze Age, slavery and landownership were found and examined. Finds from the 5th century BC and early Middle Ages in the city of Kuva are well researched. Historical sources from the 10th to the 11th centuries state that this city was the largest city in the valley after Akhsikat in terms of prosperity and size. Archaeological materials prove that the city of Margilan was a large village in the 10th century and took on the appearance of a village in the 11th-12th centuries.
The monuments found in the settlements of the Chust culture, which were engaged in sedentary farming and animal husbandry, are important in the study of the Fergana Valley. Archaeological excavations show that Fergana region has long been inhabited by people, engaged in hunting, farming, animal husbandry, and in the later stages of human society, culture began to develop.
Fergana, which fascinates everyone with its charming nature and unique beauty, has a long history. The reasons for naming this mysterious place "Fergana" are variously described in historical sources.
Scholars have noted that the word "Fergana" was written in the early Middle Ages in the Sogdian script in the forms "Pargana", "Pragana" and in Indo-Sanskrit "small region"; in Persian it means "valley between mountains", "closed valley". It was called "Dovon" in the 2nd century BC, and in the early Middle Ages it was called "Bohan", "Bohanna".
The history of Fergana dates back to the III-II millennium BC. From ancient times the inhabitants of this land have been in close cultural contact with other peoples of the Far East, South and Central Asia. Examples of this are the relics of the "Andronov culture" (III-II millennium BC), which are very common in the region, or the amulet "Two-headed snake" found in Sokh district. The war, labor weapons, household items, and other items of these periods differ from those found in other parts of Central Asia.
With the opening of the Great Silk Road, the influence of Chinese culture on the lives of the peoples of Fergana began to be felt. The emergence of bronze windows, coins, silk fabrics, iron weapons, etc. is directly related to the Great Silk Road. It is precisely because of the Great Silk Road that in the beginning of our era, information about the breeding of horses, camels and small animals, the abundance of precious metals, as well as the cultivation of cotton, grapes and cereals spread around the world. The large number of city-fortress settlements of this period testifies to the development of architecture and urban planning technology.
In the early Middle Ages, Fergana became one of the bridges between Central Asia and China, and the socio-political environment here also changed frequently under the influence of these two regions.
During the reign of the Timurids, national handicrafts, like other industries, developed further. For example, Margilan specialized in the production of silk and silk products, Rishtan in ceramics.
In the beginning of the 18th century, representatives of the Ming dynasty united the villages around the city of Kokand and established a new khanate. Shortly afterward, the Kokand Khanate became one of Central Asia's largest, most powerful, and fastest-growing states.
Fergana, which underwent various turbulent years during the dictatorial regime, finally discovered true beauty during the period of independence and entered a new stage of development. In the words of the first President, he received the status of "Fergana - the pearl of Central Asia." ilt.
The decree of the First President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated July 1, 2010 "On the formation of the General Plan of the city of Fergana until 2020" excited all residents of Fergana. Magnificent buildings, trade and service facilities, 5 parks and alleys, 8 fountains, bridges and public roads, built in a combination of national and modern art, have been completed.
Economy
Industry
At present, 38 large industrial enterprises, 7930 small industrial enterprises, 446 joint ventures include the Fergana Oil Refinery, the Azot Production Association, the Quvasoy Quartz Joint-Stock Company, the Eurasian TAPO-Disk, Avtooyna, and DEU Textile joint ventures.
They export oil, cotton, food, canned goods, construction materials, car discs, spare parts, agricultural products, and other products to foreign countries.
Sport
In 1991, there were only 17 stadiums in Fergana region, now there are 46, 759 football fields, and 33 modern tennis courts.
In May 2016, the final stage of the Universiade-2016 was held in Fergana.
Education
Today, 946 secondary schools, academic lyceums, 1,870 preschool education institutions, and 20 libraries operate in the region. There are 5 higher education institutions in the region: Fergana State University, Fergana Polytechnic Institute, Kokand State Pedagogical Institute, Tashkent University of Information Technologies Fergana branch, Tashkent Medical Academy Fergana branch, Kokand University and Kokand state technical university.
Healthcare
There are 839 healthcare facilities in the region.
Literature
From the 18th century onwards, science, literature, and art flourished in the Fergana Valley, particularly in Kokand. The formation of the Kokand khanate and its functioning as a centralized state allowed the formation of a unique literary environment in the territory of the khanate. During this period, such literary figures as Huvaydo, Shokhi, Akmal, Nizami, Hoqandi created.
In the 19th century, the literature known as the "Kokand Literary Environment" flourished in the region. The organizer of this environment, Kokand khan Muhammad Said Amir Umarkhan (1787-1822) attracted about 100 artists to the palace and created material and spiritual conditions for their creativity. The khan himself wrote the "Devoni" of poems under the pseudonym Amir.
It is known from history that Fergana was the birthplace of great scholars, like Ahmad Fergani, Burhaniddin Marginoni, poets such as Muqimi, Furkat, Nodira, Uvaysi, and a number of scientists. During the years of independence, the rich spiritual heritage left by these authors has been completely rediscovered, boosting spiritual and cultural life.
Fergana literature, which is an integral part of Uzbek literature, flourished, especially during the years of independence. People's poets of Uzbekistan such as Ohunjon Hakimov, Anvar Obidjon, Ikbol Mirzo, Enakhon Siddikova, M. Ergasheva, Yuldosh Solijonov, Khudoiberdi Tukhtaboev, I. Mahmud, Bahodir Isa, Siddik Momin are constantly shaking the pen and creating images of our contemporaries in their works.
Honored Scientist of Uzbekistan, Academician of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Professor, First President of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Hero of Labor, teacher, public figure – Qori-Niyazi Tashmuhammad Niyazovich
Literary scholar, poet, corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan – Baki (pseudonym; real name Mirzaabdulla Nasriddinov)
Historian, orientalist, academician of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan – Yuldashev Muhammadjon Yuldashevich
Physicist, statesman and public figure, Academician of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Honored Worker of Science and Technology of Uzbekistan, Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Professor – Ubay Orifov
Hydrobiologist, Academician of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Honored Scientist of Uzbekistan, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor – Muhammadiev Avliyokhon
One of the organizers of zoology in Uzbekistan, Academician of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Honored Scientist and Technician of Uzbekistan, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor – Zohidov Tesha Zohidovich
Economist, Corresponding Member of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Doctor of Economics, Professor, Honored Scientist of Uzbekistan – Aminov Olim Muminovich
Botanist, Academician of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Honored Scientist of Uzbekistan, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor – Saidov Jura
Genetic scientist, corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Honored Scientist of Uzbekistan – Sodikov Saodat Sodikovich
Infectious disease scientist, academician of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Honored Worker of Science and Technology of Uzbekistan and Karakalpakstan, Honored Doctor of Uzbekistan, participant of the World War II – Musaboev Ishak Kurbanovich
Linguist, corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, candidate of philological sciences – Kamilova Hosiyat Kamilovna
Agronomist, statesman, Academician of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Honored Scientist of Uzbekistan, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor – Muhammadjanov Mirzaali Valiyevich
Theater scholar, Academician of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Honored Scientist of Uzbekistan, Doctor of Arts, Professor – Rakhmonov Mamajon
Mathematician and public figure, Academician of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Honored Scientist of Uzbekistan, Doctor of Physics and Mathematics, Professor – Sirojiddinov Sadi Hasanovich
Linguist, Academician of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Honored Scientist of Uzbekistan – Abdurahmanov Ganijon
Historian, Academician of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Honored Scientist of Uzbekistan, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor – Aminova Rahima Hodievna
Literary critic, academician of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Honored Scientist of Uzbekistan, Doctor of Philology – Kayumov Azizkhon Pulatovich
Literary scholar, Honored Scientist of Uzbekistan, Doctor of Philology, Professor – Hayitmetov Abdukodir Khojimetovich
Master of painting, academician of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, People's Artist of Uzbekistan – Kuzibayev Nemat Mirzaboevich
Philosopher, Academician of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Honored Scientist of Uzbekistan, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Philosophy, Professor – Yusupov Erkin
Philosopher, Academician of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Honored Scientist of Uzbekistan, Honored Scientist of Karakalpakstan, Doctor of Philosophy, Professor – Khairullayev Muzaffar Muhitdinovich
Mathematical scientist, academician of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, doctor of physical and mathematical sciences, professor – Farmonov Shokir Kasimovich
Master of painting, academician of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan – Tursunnazarov Yigitali
Orientalist, source scientist, public figure, academician of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Honored Scientist of Uzbekistan, Doctor of Philology, Professor – Ibrahimov Nematulla
Potter, successor of the dynasty, a great representative of the modern Rishtan school of pottery, academician of the Academy of Arts of Uzbekistan, Honored Worker of Culture of Uzbekistan – Yusupov Sharofiddin Isomiddinovich
The head of the Sado enterprise, academician of the Academy of Arts of Uzbekistan – Rahmonali Nortojiyev.
People's Artist of Uzbekistan, Academician of the Academy of Arts of Uzbekistan – Sultanali Mannopov.
↑ Formerly known as Fergana Oblast (from Russian: Ферганская область).
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The Syr Darya, historically known as the Jaxartes, is a river in Central Asia. The name, which is Persian, literally means Syr Sea or Syr River. It originates in the Tian Shan Mountains in Kyrgyzstan and eastern Uzbekistan and flows for 2,256.25 kilometres (1,401.97 mi) west and north-west through Uzbekistan, Sughd province of Tajikistan, and southern Kazakhstan to the northern remnants of the Aral Sea. It is the northern and eastern of the two main rivers in the endorheic basin of the Aral Sea, the other being the Amu Darya.
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The Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic, also known as Soviet Uzbekistan, the Uzbek SSR, UzSSR, or simply Uzbekistan and rarely Uzbekia or Red Uzbekistan, was a union republic of the Soviet Union. It was governed by the Uzbek branch of the Soviet Communist Party, the legal political party, from 1925 until 1990. From 1990 to 1991, it was a sovereign part of the Soviet Union with its own legislation.
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Kokand is a city in Fergana Region in eastern Uzbekistan, at the southwestern edge of the Fergana Valley. Administratively, Kokand is a district-level city, that includes the urban-type settlement Muqimiy. The population of Kokand as of 2022 was approximately 259,700. The city lies 228 km (142 mi) southeast of Tashkent, 115 km (71 mi) west of Andijan, and 88 km (55 mi) west of Fergana. It is nicknamed "City of Winds". In 1877 when the first ethnographic works were done under the new imperial Russian administration, Khoqand/Kokand was reported and visually depicted on their maps as Tajik inhabited oasis (C.E de Ujfalvy. The city and the entire eastern 3/4 of the Fergana Valley were included in Uzbekistan in the 1920s and Stalin's dictates of political borders.
Fergana, or Ferghana, also Farghana is a district-level city and the capital of Fergana Region in eastern Uzbekistan. Fergana is about 420 km east of Tashkent, about 75 km southwest of Andijan, and less than 20 km from the Kyrgyzstan border. The modern city was founded in 1876.
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Shohimardon is a village and a subdivision of Fergana District, Fergana Region in eastern Uzbekistan. It is an exclave of Uzbekistan, surrounded by Kyrgyzstan, in a valley in the Pamir-Alay mountains. The name means ‘King of Men’ in Persian. The river Shohimardonsoy flows through the exclave. There are two villages: Shohimardon and Yordon.
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"Conquest of Central Asia by Russia". By the 1820s, goods produced in the British Empire began to compete with products imported from the Russia. Great Britain had begun to openly state its remedies for Afghanistan, Iran and Central Asia. In order to strengthen its position in the Asian markets, Russia created preferential customs conditions for bringing Russian products to the region. By the time of Nikolay I, the diplomatic and military influence of tsarist Russia in the region increased. 1834 Novo-Aleksandrovsk fortress was built at the crossroads leading to Uzbek khanates. At the end of 1839 and at the beginning of 1840, Count Perovsky, the governor-general of Orenburg, organized an unsuccessful winter military campaign against Khiva Khanate. In 1847, General Oruchev conquered the northeastern coast of the Aral Sea and founded the fortress of Raim (Kazalinsk). Island flotilla consisting of steamships "Nikolay" and "Konstantin" was established. By the years 1850–55, Kumushkurgan, Chimkurgan, Koshkurgan, Okmachit fortresses belonging to the Kokand Khanate, and the Ili River valley, where the Verniy fortress was later built, were captured by Russian troops. was captured. During the reign of Alexander II, the conquest of Central Asia became one of the priorities of the foreign policy of the empire. The attacks of the military units of the Kokand Khanate on the Russian settlements established in southern Kazakhstan, the lower reaches of the Syrdarya and the shores of the Aral Sea became a pretext for the acceleration of the march to the south. In 1865, Major General M. G. Chernyaev captured Tashkent and forced the city elders to sign a peace treaty. Emperor Alexander II issued an order to the governor-general of Orenburg and noted that if the people of Tashkent wish to accept Russian citizenship, it is necessary to satisfy their wish. In 1866, Russian troops captured Khojand and Jizzakh fortress. Chinoz fortress was built. The territories of Khojand and Chirchigorty were transferred to Russia. In July 1867, according to the emperor's decree, the Turkestan military district headed by the governor-general was established. In 1868, the troops of the Turkistan Military District under the command of Adjutant General Konstantin Petrovich von Kaufman started military operations against the Bukhara Khanate. In May, Russian troops approached Samarkand and occupied the city without a fight. In June, Bukhara Emir signed a peace treaty. Zarafskhan district was established. General Abramov's division captures Karshi and returns it to the emir of Bukhara. Shahrisabz and Kitab were occupied as a result of Major General Abramov's military operations in 1870. Shahrisabz and Kitab estates will be handed over to the emir of Bukhara. In 1873, as a result of extensive military operations, a campaign was organized from Turkestan, Mangishlok and Orenburg to Khiva Khanate. 49 companies, 32 hundredths, 34 guns and 2 steamers were involved in military operations. By May, the Hazorasp fortress was conquered, and soon Khiva, Kungirot, Khojayli, Mangit fortresses and Gurlan Bey surrendered. In August, a peace treaty was concluded with the Khanate of Khiva. The Khanate of Khiva accepted Russian vassalage, and the rule of Muhammad Rahim Bahadir Khan (Feruz) was preserved. In the fall of 1873, a new political agreement was signed with the Khanate of Bukhara. As a result of the military operations of 1875–1876, the Fergana Valley uprising against Khudoyar Khan and the Russian government was suppressed. Then the Kokan Khanate was abolished and the Fergana region within Russia was established. In 1881, the Akhal-Tekin oasis surrendered under fierce attacks of Russian troops, Ashkhabad was conquered. A convention was signed between Russia and Iran aimed at defining the border. In 1884 Marv surrendered. In 1885, the Turkmen tribes living in the Pendin and Murgob oases received Russian citizenship. Kushka has become the southernmost border town of Russia. Thus, by the 80s of the 19th century, the process of formation of Russia's borders in Central Asia came to an end. In 1895, between the Russia and Britain governments, an agreement was signed to confirm the spheres of influence with the dividing line in the Pamir Mountains.
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