Education in Uzbekistan

Last updated

Education in Uzbekistan is generally managed by the Ministry of Kindergartens and Schools and Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Innovations with some other agencies and bodies responsible in certain areas as prescribed by the President of Uzbekistan.

Contents

The public compulsory school system is divided into three broad stages: primary (from Grade 1 to 5), secondary (from Grade 5 to 9) and upper or vocational (from Grade 10 to 11 or in lyceum, colleges, trade schools). Students are typically enrolled at the age of 7 and commonly end their secondary education at the age of 18, therefrom they either start their career or matriculate at a university.

Upper or vocational education is provided through a network of schools:

In 2017, education reforms in Uzbekistan changed from 12-year program to 11 years after a previous reform disappointed and troubled parents and children. Eleven years of primary and secondary education are obligatory, starting at age seven. The rate of attendance in those grades is high, although the figure is significantly lower in rural areas than in urban centers. Preschool registration has decreased significantly since 1991. [1]

Structure

Pre-school

General

Language of instruction in 2021, accorting to Ministry of Education. [2]

Total Uzbek Karakalpak Turkmen Tajik Kyrgyz Kazakh Russian Other languages
Karakalpakstan 352,298152,360
43.24%
125,565
35.64%
10,347
2.93%
-
0%
-
0%
20,411
5.79%
43,615
12.38%
-
0%
Andijan Region 572,250514,702
89.94%
-
0%
-
0%
-
0%
2689
0.46%
-
0%
54.675
9,55%
144
0.02%
Bukhara Region 324,847303,963
93.57%
-
0%
-
0%
8
0,002%
-
0%
684
0.21%
20,192
6.21%
-
0%
Fergana Region 673,187603,412
89,63%
-
0%
-
0%
15.275
2,26%
489
0,07%
-
0%
53.867
8%
144
0,02%
Jizzakh Region 255,854238,882
93,36%
-
0%
-
0%
1109
0,43%
3936
1,53%
67
0,02%
11,860
4,63%
-
0%
Kashkadarya Region 633,156604,991
95,55%
-
0%
-
0%
11,039
1,74%
-
0%
-
0%
17,126
2,70%
-
0%
Khorezm Region 359,655333,255
92,58%
-
0%
555
0,15%
-
0%
-
0%
216
0,06%
25,629
7,12%
-
0%
Namangan Region 510,948466,127
91,22%
-
0%
-
0%
1123
0,21%
289
0,05%
-
0%
43,409
8,49%
-
0%
Navoiy Region 183,051158,416
86,53%
285
0,15%
-
0%
760
0,41%
-
0.06%
8355
4,56%
15,241
8,32%
0
0%
Samarkand Region 745,705680,536
91,26%
-
0%
-
0%
8684
1,16%
-
0%
-
0%
56,485
7,57%
-
0.01%
Surxondaryo Region 509,355480,497
94,33%
-
0%
-
0%
19,715
3,87%
-
0%
-
0%
9143
1,79%
-
0%
Sirdaryo Region 156,208145,482
93,13%
-
0%
-
0%
721
0,46%
-
0%
57
0,03%
9948
6,36%
-
0%
Tashkent City 481,750264,654
54,93%
-
0%
-
0%
-
0%
-
0%
-
0%
215,846
44,80%
1250
0,25%
Tashkent Region 505,456408,424
80,80%
-
0%
-
0%
6924
1,36%
780
0.15%
23,768
4,70%
65,560
12,97%
-
0%
Subtotal in Uzbekistan6,263,7265,355,701
85,50%
125,850
2%
10,902
0,17%
65,358
1,04%
8183
0,13%
53,558
0,85%
642,636
10,25%
1538
0,02%

Upper or vocational education

Higher education

Entrance exams for public universities, commonly referred to as DTM, are administered by the State Test Center. These exams hold significant weight as they establish the cut-off points from the applicants' pool for the same program. Consequently, they serve as a sole criterion for awarding scholarships.

Criticism

Falling public standards

The official literacy rate is 99 percent. However, in the post-Soviet era educational standards have fallen. Funding and training have not been sufficient to effectively educate the expanding younger cohorts of the population. Between 1992 and 2004, government spending on education dropped from 12 percent to 6.3 percent of gross domestic product. [1]

In 2006 education’s share of the budget increased to 8.1 percent. Lack of budgetary support has been more noticeable at the primary and secondary levels, as the government has continued to subsidize university students. [1]

Between 1992 and 2001, university attendance dropped from 19 percent of the college-age population to 6.4 percent. The three largest of Uzbekistan’s 63 institutions of higher learning are in Nukus, Samarkand, and Tashkent, with all three being state funded.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Student</span> Learner, or someone who attends an educational institution

A student is a person enrolled in a school or other educational institution.

In the education systems of England, Northern Ireland, Wales, Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, and some other Commonwealth countries, sixth form represents the final two years of secondary education, ages 16 to 18. Pupils typically prepare for A-level or equivalent examinations like the International Baccalaureate or Cambridge Pre-U. In England, Wales, and Northern Ireland, the term Key Stage 5 has the same meaning. It only refers to academic education and not to vocational education.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Education in the Netherlands</span>

Education in the Netherlands is characterized by division: education is oriented toward the needs and background of the pupil. Education is divided over schools for different age groups, some of which are divided in streams for different educational levels. Schools are furthermore divided in public, special (religious), and general-special (neutral) schools, although there are also a few private schools. The Dutch grading scale runs from 1 to 10 (outstanding).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gymnasium (school)</span> Type of school providing advanced secondary education in Europe

Gymnasium is a term in various European languages for a secondary school that prepares students for higher education at a university. It is comparable to the US English term preparatory high school or the British term grammar school. Before the 20th century, the gymnasium system was a widespread feature of educational systems throughout many European countries.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Education in Canada</span>

Education in Canada is for the most part provided publicly, funded and overseen by federal, provincial, and local governments. Education is within provincial jurisdiction and the curriculum is overseen by the province. Education in Canada is generally divided into primary education, followed by secondary education and post-secondary. Education in both English and French is available in most places across Canada. Canada has a large number of universities, almost all of which are publicly funded. Established in 1663, Université Laval is the oldest post-secondary institution in Canada. The largest university is the University of Toronto with over 85,000 students. Four universities are regularly ranked among the top 100 world-wide, namely University of Toronto, University of British Columbia, McGill University, and McMaster University, with a total of 18 universities ranked in the top 500 worldwide.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Education in Greece</span>

Education in Greece is centralized and governed by the Ministry of Education, Religious Affairs, and Sports at all grade levels in elementary, middle school, and high school. The Ministry exercises control over public schools, formulates and implements legislation, administers the budget, coordinates national level university entrance examinations, sets up the national curriculum, appoints public school teaching staff, and coordinates other services.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">State school</span> Type of school funded in whole or in part by general taxation

A state school, public school, or government school is a primary or secondary school that educates all students without charge. They are funded in whole or in part by taxation and operated by the government of the state. State-funded schools are global with each country showcasing distinct structures and curricula. Government-funded education spans from primary to secondary levels, covering ages 4 to 18. Alternatives to this system include homeschooling, private schools, charter schools, and other educational options

Education in Vietnam is a state-run system of public and private education run by the Ministry of Education and Training. It is divided into five levels: preschool, primary school, secondary school, high school, and higher education. Formal education consists of twelve years of basic education. Basic education consists of five years of primary education, four years of secondary education, and three years of high school education. The majority of basic education students are enrolled on a daily basis. The main goals are general knowledge improvement, human resources training and talent development.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Twelfth grade</span> Twelfth post-kindergarten year of school education in some school systems

Twelfth grade is the twelfth and final year of formal or compulsory education. It is typically the final year of secondary school and K–12 in most parts of the world. Students in twelfth grade are usually 17–18 years old. Some countries have a thirteenth grade, while other countries do not have a 12th grade/year at all.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Education in Poland</span>

Education in Poland is compulsory; every child must receive education from when they are 6 years old until they are 18 years old. It is also mandatory for 6-year-old children to receive one year of kindergarten education, before starting primary school at 6 years old. Primary school lasts eight years, and students must take a final exam at the end of the eighth grade. After graduating from primary school, people typically go on to attend secondary school, which lasts 4 or 5 years. They can also choose to educate themselves towards a specific profession or trade, and receive work experience and qualifications through apprenticeships. After graduating from secondary school and passing the final exam, called the matura, one can pursue a higher education at a university, college, etc.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Education in Botswana</span>

Education in Botswana is provided by public schools and private schools. Education in Botswana is governed by the Ministries of Basic Education. and Tertiary, Research Science and Technology Among sub-Saharan African countries, Botswana has one of the highest literacy rates. According to The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency as of 2015, 88.5% of the population age 15 and over can read and write in Botswana were respectively literate.

Educational stages are subdivisions of formal learning, typically covering early childhood education, primary education, secondary education and tertiary education. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) recognizes nine levels of education in its International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) system. UNESCO's International Bureau of Education maintains a database of country-specific education systems and their stages. Some countries divide levels of study into grades or forms for school children in the same year.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Education in Nepal</span>

Education in Nepal has been modeled on the Indian system, which is in turn the legacy of the old British Raj. The National Examinations Board (NEB) supervises all standardized tests. The Ministry of Education is responsible for managing educational activities in Nepal. The National Center for Educational Development (NCED) is Nepal's teacher-training body.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Education in Bulgaria</span>

Education in Bulgaria is guided and overseen by Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science. Compulsory education includes three years of pre-primary education, primary education, and secondary education. The schools start by age of seven and end the age of 18. Compulsory education at state schools is free of charge. The state and private higher education schools, colleges and universities charge fees, although they offer students scholarships.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Education in Moldova</span>

Education in Moldova is currently the responsibility of the Ministry of Education, Culture and Research.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Education in Azerbaijan</span>

Education in Azerbaijan is regulated by the Ministry of Education of Azerbaijan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Education in Panama</span>

Education in Panama is compulsory for the first six years of primary education and the first three years of secondary school. As of the 2004/2005 school year there were about 430,000 students enrolled in grades one through six. The total enrollment in the six secondary grades for the same period was 253,900. More than 91% of Panamanians are literate.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Education in Malta</span>

Education in Malta is compulsory through age sixteen and is offered through three different providers: the state, the church, and the private sector. The state is responsible for promoting education and instruction and ensuring universal access to education for all Maltese citizens the existence of a system of schools and institutions accessible to all Maltese citizens. The objectives of education in Malta include intellectual and moral development and the preparation of every citizen to contribute productively to the national economy. Although Maltese citizens had access to education during the Arab administration of 870 to 1090, the arrival of a number of religious orders in the following four centuries brought religious-based education to the island for wealthy families. The arrival of the Knights Hospitaller saw the establishment of the University of Malta, around which a number of primary, secondary and post-secondary institutions were established. Education in Malta has been universally available at the primary level since the ejection of the Knights Hospitaller by the French in 1798, when state-funded elementary schooling was established. In 1878, English replaced Italian as the primary language of instruction, and education was made compulsory in 1946 in response to a number of children not attending school due to poverty between World Wars One and Two. The age at which education became compulsory was lowered to five years in 1988

References

2.https://education.stateuniversity.com/pages/1652/Uzbekistan-SECONDARY-EDUCATION.html