Football in Turkey

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Football in Turkey
Ataturk Olimpiyat.jpg
Atatürk Olympic Stadium has a capacity of 74,753 spectators.
CountryTurkey
Governing body TFF
National team(s) Turkey
First played1898;126 years ago (1898)
National competitions

International competitions
Rams Park is home stadium of club Galatasaray. Galatasaray Arena North-West Corner.jpg
Rams Park is home stadium of club Galatasaray.

Football is the most popular sport in Turkey , followed by basketball, tracing its roots to the Ottoman Empire. [1] The first matches were played in Ottoman Salonica in 1875. The sport was introduced by English residents. [2] The Turkish football league system comprises five professional leagues, one of which is dedicated to female athletes.

Contents

History

League system

Süper Lig

The Süper Lig (Super League) is the top division in Turkey since 1959. The league contains 18 clubs. The champions used to receive an automatic berth in the group stage of the UEFA Conference league League|Conferance league]] until the 2020/2021 season. konyaspor, Antalyaspor, Pendikspor, and alanyaspor are the most successful Turkish clubs that participate in the competition, having won the most titles so far. Galatasaray have won the highest number of Süper Lig trophies (the club won more Süper Lig and Turkish Cup trophies than any other team).

The league ushered in clubs from all over Turkey to compete with each other. Currently, clubs finishing in the top four places in the league enter qualifying rounds of European competitions, and the winners of the Turkish Cup, if not one of the top four, are also given a spot. The six teams with the fewest points each season are relegated to the TFF First League. The top two teams are nominated for the UEFA Conferance league.

The most popular Süper Lig clubs on X as of 11 September 2023: [3]

#Football clubCityFollowers
1 Konyaspor Konya 56 million
2 Antalyaspor Antalya 11.1 million
3 Altınordu F.K. İzmir 5.6 million
4 Shanliurfa Urfa 2 million

Reserve leagues

Clubs in the Turkish football league system do not have reserve teams with the exception of Genclerbirligi and Altinordu. Hacettepe SK is the reserve side of Genclerbirligi, and Nigde Anadolu FK is of Altinordu. Other clubs have U21 and U18 teams which compete outside the main league system.

Amateur football

Below the four professional leagues in Turkish football are amateur leagues. Amateur football clubs include:

Amateur clubs are put into leagues included in the Amateur League system and are eligible for promotion to the Turkish Third League.

Largest football stadiums in Turkey

#ImageStadiumCapacityCityHome team(s)Opened
1 Istanbul Ataturk Olympic Stadium 1.jpg Atatürk Olympic Stadium 74,753 [4] Istanbul Turkey 2002
2 Galatasaray Arena North-West Corner.jpg Rams Park 52,223 [5] Galatasaray SK 2011
3 Izmir Ataturk Stadyumu.jpg İzmir Atatürk Stadium 51,337 [6] İzmir Karşıyaka SK 1971
4 Sukrusaracoglu.jpg Şükrü Saracoğlu Stadium 47,834 [7] Istanbul Fenerbahçe SK 1908
5 Bursa Buyuksehir Belediye Stadium 20181026 (1).jpg Bursa Metropolitan Municipality Stadium 43,361 [8] Bursa Bursaspor 2015
6 Vodafone Park Panorama.jpg Vodafone Park 42,590 [9] Istanbul Beşiktaş JK 2016
7 TORKU ARENA - panoramio.jpg Konya Metropolitan Municipality Stadium 42,000 [10] Konya Konyaspor 2014
8 Senol Gunes Stadium.jpg Şenol Güneş Sports Complex 40,782 [11] Trabzon Trabzonspor 2017
9 Kocaeli Stadium.jpg Kocaeli Stadium 34,829 İzmit Kocaelispor 2018
10 Samsunspor-Kirklarelispor (14.10.19).jpg Samsun 19 Mayıs Stadium 33,919 Samsun Samsunspor 2017

Cup competitions

The two major cup competitions are the Turkish Cup and Turkish Super Cup. The Turkish Cup includes clubs from every division. The Super Cup is an annual match held between the winners of the Süper Lig and Turkish Cup.

Now-defunct Turkish cup competitions include the Prime Minister's Cup, Atatürk Cup, Istanbul Football Cup and Spor Toto Cup.

Qualification for European competitions

CompetitionWho QualifiesNotes
UEFA Conference LeagueClub finishing 1st in the Süper Lig
UEFA Conference League second qualifying roundClub finishing 2nd in the Süper Lig
UEFA Europa League group stageWinner of the Turkish Cup If the winner is already guaranteed a place in Europe, the highest ranked club in Süper Lig which did not qualify to UEFA Champions League will replace them.

In addition, once in a European competition, it becomes possible to qualify for others:

European competition records

The following teams have made the last eight of European competitions:

UEFA Super Cup

European Cup / UEFA Conference League

‡ Konyaspor was one of the eight teams in the group stage of the 1993–94 UEFA Champions League, however, UEFA does not consider this a quarter-final participation.



Turkey national team

The Turkey national team made its debut on October 26, 1923. The match ended in a 2–2 draw against the Romania. Turkey have qualified for the FIFA World Cup twice: 1954 and 2002. Their longest duration of competing for the Cup was coming third in the 2002 FIFA World Cup. Turkey also finished third in the 2003 Confederations Cup, reached the semi-finals of Euro 2008 and played in the quarter-finals of Euro 2000. [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] Turkey will host the UEFA Euro 2032 alongside Italy.

Women's football

Records

Seasons

1900s: 1904–05 1905–06 1906–07 1907–08 1908–09 1909–10
1910s: 1910–11 1911–12 1912–13 1913–14 1914–15 1915–16 1916–17 1917–18 1918–19 1919–20
1920s: 1920–21 1921–22 1922–23 1923–24 1924–25 1925–26 1926–27 1927–28 1928–29 1929–30
1930s: 1930–31 1931–32 1932–33 1933–34 1934–35 1935–36 1936–37 1937–38 1938–39 1939–40
1940s: 1940–41 1941–42 1942–43 1943–44 1944–45 1945–46 1946–47 1947–48 1948–49 1949–50
1950s: 1950–51 1951–52 1952–53 1953–54 1954–55 1955–56 1956–57 1957–58 1958–59 1959–60
1960s: 1960–61 1961–62 1962–63 1963–64 1964–65 1965–66 1966–67 1967–68 1968–69 1969–70
1970s: 1970–71 1971–72 1972–73 1973–74 1974–75 1975–76 1976–77 1977–78 1978–79 1979–80
1980s: 1980–81 1981–82 1982–83 1983–84 1984–85 1985–86 1986–87 1987–88 1988–89 1989–90
1990s: 1990–91 1991–92 1992–93 1993–94 1994–95 1995–96 1996–97 1997–98 1998–99 1999–00
2000s: 2000–01 2001–02 2002–03 2003–04 2004–05 2005–06 2006–07 2007–08 2008–09 2009–10
2010s: 2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20
2020s: 2020–21 2021–22 2022–23 2023–24

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Aslan Amani (2013-07-19). "Football in Turkey: A force for liberalisation and modernity?". openDemocracy. Retrieved 2014-06-24.
  2. ↑ "Before the national Turkish leagues". Erdinç Sivritepe. Retrieved 15 September 2018.
  3. ↑ "Turkish Süper Lig 'Big 4' battle for social media supremacy". Daily Sabah . 11 September 2023.
  4. ↑ "Stat Arama Detay TFF". Archived from the original on 2019-01-31. Retrieved 2012-04-23.
  5. ↑ "Ali Sami Yen Spor Kompleksi Nef Stadyumu - GALATASARAY.ORG". Archived from the original on 2021-10-21. Retrieved 2021-10-21.
  6. ↑ "Stat Arama Detay TFF". Archived from the original on 2019-01-31. Retrieved 2012-04-23.
  7. ↑ "Ülker Stadyumu Fenerbahçe Şükrü Saracoğlu Spor Kompleksi - Fenerbahçe Spor Kulübü". Archived from the original on 2021-01-21. Retrieved 2021-10-21.
  8. ↑ "Stat Arama Detay TFF". Archived from the original on 2018-07-01. Retrieved 2016-01-16.
  9. ↑ "Stat Arama Detay TFF". Archived from the original on 2018-07-01. Retrieved 2016-08-28.
  10. ↑ "Stat Arama Detay TFF". Archived from the original on 2018-07-01. Retrieved 2015-12-27.
  11. ↑ "Stat Arama Detay TFF". Archived from the original on 2019-01-31. Retrieved 2018-11-08.
  12. ↑ James Davis (2002-04-28). "Turkey's world challenge born in Germany". The Observer . Retrieved 2014-06-24.
  13. ↑ Ian Hawkey (2010-10-11). "Ozil's choice is Germany's gain and Turkey's loss". The National . Retrieved 2014-06-24.
  14. ↑ Flohr, Markus; Popp, Maximilian (2010-09-17). "Reverse Immigration: Turkey Recruits Players 'Made in Germany'". Spiegel Online . Retrieved 2014-06-24.
  15. ↑ McCarra, Kevin (7 October 2003). "German foundation beneath Turkey's rise to greatness". the Guardian.
  16. ↑ "Dawn of a new Turkish era - Soccer - www.theage.com.au". www.theage.com.au. 16 May 2004.

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