Tourism in Turkey

Last updated

Pamukkale in Turkey is a World Heritage Site. Turkey has 622 national parks. Pamukkale 30.jpg
Pamukkale in Turkey is a World Heritage Site. Turkey has 622 national parks.

Tourism in Turkey is focused largely on a variety of historical sites, and on seaside resorts along its Aegean and Mediterranean Sea coasts. Turkey has also become a popular destination for culture, spa, and health care. [1] Since 2021, Turkey is the fourth most visited country in the world. [2]

Contents

Number of international tourist arrivals Tourism in Turkey.svg
Number of international tourist arrivals

At its height in 2019, Turkey attracted around 51 million foreign tourists, [3] [4] The total number fluctuated between around 41 million in 2015, and around 30 million in 2016. [5] [6] However, recovery began in 2017, with the number of foreign visitors increasing to 37.9 million, and in 2018 to 46.1 million visitors. [7] [8] [9]

Destinations

Istanbul

Dolmabahce Palace is a popular tourism destination in Turkey. Dolmabahce Tor-2008-31-07.jpg
Dolmabahçe Palace is a popular tourism destination in Turkey.
Ortakoy Mosque and the Bosphorus Bridge Istanbul asv2020-02 img60 Ortakoy Mosque.jpg
Ortaköy Mosque and the Bosphorus Bridge

Istanbul is one of the most important tourist spots not only in Turkey but also in the world. There are thousands of hotels and other tourist-oriented industries in the city. Turkey's largest city, Istanbul has a number of major attractions derived from its historical status as the capital of the Byzantine and Ottoman Empires. These include the Sultan Ahmed Mosque (the "Blue Mosque"), the Hagia Sophia, the Topkapı Palace, the Basilica Cistern, the Dolmabahçe Palace, the Galata Tower, the Grand Bazaar, the Spice Bazaar, and the Pera Palace Hotel. Istanbul has also recently become one of the biggest shopping centers of the European region by hosting malls and shopping centers, such as MetroCity, Akmerkez and Cevahir Mall, which is the biggest mall in Europe and seventh largest shopping center in the world. Other attractions include sporting events, museums, and cultural events.

In January 2013, the Turkish government announced that it would build the world's largest airport in Istanbul. The operation has an invested 7-billion euros and was planned to have the first part of a four-part plan completed by 2017. [10]

As a consequence of the continuous fall in tourism to Turkey in recent years, as of October 2016 in Istanbul's famous bazaar once crowded shopping streets are not as crowded as before, "the streams of tourists who used to visit the market each day have trickled to a halt". [5] The number of foreign tourists visiting Istanbul declined to 9.2 million in 2016, a 26 percent decrease compared to 2015. [11]

Ankara

Ankara is the country's capital and second most populated city. [12] It is rich with Turkish history and culture that have roots in the founding of Turkey along with the history of ancient civilizations. The most popular landmark is the Anıtkabir, [13] a mausoleum for Atatürk, the founder of the Republic of Turkey. Another landmark would be the Museum of Anatolian Civilizations, a museum that possesses works from Paleolithic, Neolithic, Hatti, Hittite, Phrygian, Urartian, and Roman civilizations. [14]

Izmir

Izmir is a city with historical and geopolitical importance in ancient civilizations such as Macedonia, Persia, Lydia, and the Ottomans. [15] The city has a memorable history in the early years of Turkey as it was the main city that was affected by the Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922). [16] Izmir is home to many ancient cities such as Ephesus, Pergamon, and Klazomenai. [17] Besides historical significance, Izmir also possesses many locations for coastal tourism for international travelers. Frequently visited regions that have tourist beaches for local and international tourists would be Çeşme, Mordoğan, and Foça. [18] [19]

Other destinations

Oludeniz beach Oludeniz on the Turquoise Coast, Turkey.jpg
Ölüdeniz beach
Butterfly Valley, Fethiye Kelebekler Vadisi.jpg
Butterfly Valley, Fethiye

Beach vacations and Blue Cruises, particularly for Turkish delights and visitors from Western Europe, are also central to the Turkish tourism industry. Most beach resorts are located along the southwestern and southern coast, called the Turkish Riviera, especially along the Mediterranean coast near Antalya. Antalya is also accepted as the tourism capital of Turkey. [20] Major resort towns include Bodrum, Fethiye, Marmaris, Kuşadası, Didim and Alanya. Also, Turkey has been chosen second in the world in 2015 with its 436 blue-flagged beaches, according to the Chamber of Shipping. [21]

Attractions elsewhere in the country include the sites of Ephesus, Troy, Pergamon, House of the Virgin Mary, Pamukkale, Hierapolis, Trabzon (where one of the oldest monasteries is the Sümela Monastery), Konya (where the poet Rumi had spent most of his life), Didyma, Church of Antioch, ancient Pontic capital and king rock tombs with its acropolis in Amasya, religious places in Mardin (such as Deyrülzafarân Monastery), and the ruined cities and landscapes of Cappadocia.

One of the most important and famous cities in the east and southeast of Turkey is called Diyarbakır. This city is considered one of the important options for traveling to the east of Turkey due to its numerous historical, religious and cultural places. For researchers who are interested in cultural studies, this city is a favorable option for study and research due to the accommodation of different ethnic groups (Kurds, Turks, Arabs, Assyrians, Armenians) and religious groups (Muslims, Christians). Due to the civil wars between the PKK group and the central government of Turkey in the 90's, the number of tourists in this region decreased. With the beginning of the 21st century and after the establishment of relative peace and security in these areas, tourism has been increasing again in these areas. [27]

Gallipoli and Anzac Cove – a small cove on the Gallipoli peninsula, which became known as the site of World War I landing of the ANZAC (Australian and New Zealand Army Corps) on 25 April 1915. Following the landing at Anzac Cove, the beach became the main base for the Australian and New Zealand troops for the eight months of the Gallipoli campaign.

Goreme banner2.jpg
Cappadocia is a region created by the erosion of soft volcanic stone by the wind and rain for centuries. [28] The area is a popular tourist destination, having many sites with unique geological, historic, and cultural features.

UNESCO World Heritage Sites

Safranbolu was added to the list of UNESCO World Heritage sites in 1994 due to its well-preserved Ottoman era houses and architecture. 20180107 Safranbolu 1945 (39101010504).jpg
Safranbolu was added to the list of UNESCO World Heritage sites in 1994 due to its well-preserved Ottoman era houses and architecture.

As of 2023, Turkey hosts 21 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, 19 cultural and 2 mixed. [29]

Turkey's World Heritage Sites, as per their official UNESCO names, are as follows:

  1. Aphrodisias
  2. Archaeological Site of Ani
  3. Archaeological Site of Troy
  4. Arslantepe Mound
  5. Bursa and Cumalıkızık: the Birth of the Ottoman Empire
  6. City of Safranbolu
  7. Diyarbakır Fortress and Hevsel Gardens Cultural Landscape
  8. Ephesus
  9. Gordion
  10. Göbekli Tepe
  11. Göreme National Park and the Rock Sites of Cappadocia
  12. Great Mosque and Hospital of Divriği
  13. Hattusha: the Hittite Capital
  14. Hierapolis-Pamukkale
  15. Historic Areas of Istanbul
  16. Nemrut Dağ
  17. Neolithic Site of Çatalhöyük
  18. Pergamon and its Multi-Layered Cultural Landscape
  19. Selimiye Mosque and its Social Complex
  20. Wooden Hypostyle Mosques of Medieval Anatolia
  21. Xanthos-Letoon

Medical tourism

Acibadem Hospital in Altunizade, Istanbul AcibademHospitalAltunizade (1).jpg
Acıbadem Hospital in Altunizade, Istanbul

An emerging branch of tourism in Turkey is medical tourism. Commonly performed medical procedures are hair transplant operations, rhinoplasty and cosmetic dentistry as it draws in thousands of foreigner tourists every year. [30] [31] In 2021, the revenue generated from medical tourism was given as $1.05 billion with 642,000 people that visited for the purpose of getting medical service. [32] This is due to Turkey offering high-quality clinics for affordable pricing compared to the rest of Europe and its central location between Asia and Europe. [33] Other reasons for the high demand for healthcare in Turkey are foreigners having easy visa procedures and immediate scheduling for operations. [1]

Development of tourism

Most tourist arrivals in Turkey come from the following countries: [34] [35] [9] [36] [37]

Country7/2024202320222021202020192018
Flag of Russia.svg  Russia 3,611,2186,313,6755,232,6114,694,4222,128,7587,017,6575,964,631
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany 3,502,6286,193,2595,679,1943,085,2151,118,9325,027,4724,512,360
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 2,434,3333,800,9223,370,739392,746820,7092,562,0642,254,871
Flag of Iran.svg  Iran 1,754,7192,504,4942,331,0769,618385,7622,102,8902,001,744
Flag of Bulgaria.svg  Bulgaria 1,623,0712,893,0922,882,5121,402,7951,242,9612,713,4642,386,885
Flag of Poland.svg  Poland 1,006,2731,539,1231,135,903585,076145,908880,839646,365
Flag of Georgia.svg  Georgia 856,0271,633,9771,514,813291,852410,5011,995,2542,069,392
Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands 772,0991,232,2201,244,756645,601271,5261,117,2901,013,642
Flag of the United States.svg  United States 771,8491,334,3371,013,478371,759148,937578,074448,327
Flag of France.svg  France 638,1781,031,824986,090621,493311,708875,957731,379
Flag of Romania.svg  Romania 625,157990,005886,555496,178269,076763,320641,484
Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg  Saudi Arabia 554,907820,683497,91410,08367,490564,816747,233
Flag of Azerbaijan.svg  Azerbaijan 533,473855,445683,834470,618236,797901,723858,506
Flag of Kazakhstan.svg  Kazakhstan 529,417826,319712,136366,076137,213455,724426,916
Flag of Ukraine.svg  Ukraine 525,074839,729675,4672,060,008997,6521,547,9961,386,934
Flag of Iraq.svg  Iraq 512,7951,051,7211,208,895836,624387,5871,374,8961,172,896
Flag of Greece.svg  Greece 397,534686,480569,795157,723136,305836,882686,891
Flag of Belgium (civil).svg  Belgium 388,017596,355596,173339,529138,729557,435511,559
Flag of Italy.svg  Italy 343,923602,176420,661116,80672,619377,011284,195
Flag of Uzbekistan.svg  Uzbekistan 245,836470,644419,673272,604102,598252,138241,235
Flag of Austria.svg  Austria 312,464496,482454,638284,095112,126401,475353,628
Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden 245,220364,984415,696192,87293,703444,285384,397
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China 230,819248,11989,51533,64140,264426,344394,109
Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg   Switzerland 224,251390,044382,835219,591127,643311,107269,649
Flag of the Czech Republic.svg  Czech Republic 223,870384,158295,45489,73415,642311,359228,251
Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark 211,949319,835356,127111,49944,694335,877326,278
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain 194,310324,690298,165104,84854,381257,342178,018
Flag of India.svg  India 193,248274,159231,57952,65144,707230,131147,127
Flag of Serbia.svg  Serbia 186,889311,738357,787238,852129,284282,347225,312
Flag of Jordan.svg  Jordan 181,303384,680494,629326,63393,750474,874406,469
Flag of Moldova.svg  Moldova 179,555288,377274,257192,441109,137198,867194,268
Flag of Belarus.svg  Belarus 177,001309,216239,966220,932106,426258,419245,254
Flag of Kuwait.svg  Kuwait 166,355363,070480,123246,249120,221374,191298,620
Flag of Algeria.svg  Algeria 166,300292,505210,47848,82750,121295,512288,207
Flag of Lithuania.svg  Lithuania 124,260277,810251,619114,22714,194229,704199,371
Flag of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.svg  Northern Cyprus 120,454215,137182,94568,35359,808268,341266,859
Flag of Lebanon.svg  Lebanon 116,625257,781272,844191,76889,337376,721338,837
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada 115,597248,868197,41672,03434,210139,164108,272
Flag of Morocco.svg  Morocco 104,243262,124251,708121,33367,775234,264176,538
Flag of Indonesia.svg  Indonesia 102,704178,800152,99549,31936,690127,149119,337
Flag of Libya.svg  Libya 99,924194,351220,179197,983107,251259,243188,312
Flag of South Korea.svg  South Korea 99,016159,03999,86915,20636,636212,970159,354
Flag of North Macedonia.svg  North Macedonia 98,111251,066266,184182,045115,483222,862209,519
Flag of Egypt.svg  Egypt 96,683187,053227,850124,48368,936177,655148,943
Flag of Kyrgyzstan.svg  Kyrgyzstan 93,925169,906147,487102,84052,142121,364114,926
Flag of Norway.svg  Norway 92,520203,325191,78954,63325,100208,330161,789
Flag of Kosovo.svg  Kosovo 91,946174,681193,823145,93170,462152,048139,500
Flag of Hungary.svg  Hungary 86,642222,327165,84276,25716,563149,523123,448
Flag of Ireland.svg  Ireland 81,707163,165136,60836,94726,17696,88671,221
Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg  Bosnia 81,350177,893200,698131,34761,651144,445120,480
Flag of Tunisia.svg  Tunisia 80,285176,547206,714126,97057,563172,587142,372
Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia 77,059192,770118,84715,67415,109120,83796,488
Flag of Turkmenistan.svg  Turkmenistan 69,018120,92845,24918,97943,236297,706252,911
Flag of Albania.svg  Albania 63,978142,482145,03289,74849,667134,869125,935
Flag of the Philippines.svg  Philippines 59,854120,34797,95455,39748,440139,12695,068
Flag of Pakistan.svg  Pakistan 58,077140,388173,62190,68151,326130,736113,579
Flag of Japan.svg  Japan 55,64678,78230,6107,15319,122103,32081,931
Flag of Mexico.svg  Mexico 55,101155,155114,26734,70512,77566,55736,737
Flag of Finland.svg  Finland 55,096117,123117,28132,80915,003135,192128,860
Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil 49,597106,71784,58217,78822,722101,16478,691
Flag of Malaysia.svg  Malaysia 47,42695,44489,7669,61817,892114,21495,591
Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg  United Arab Emirates 40,419120,819146,43852,5873,77237,50043,292
Flag of Israel.svg  Israel 34,6032,305,997843,028225,238129,677569,368443,732
Flag of Bahrain.svg  Bahrain 31,07464,77198,14762,73017,85290,29977,075
Flag of Qatar.svg  Qatar 22,94070,09092,43983,83131,956108,49696,327
Total21,644,65949,209,18044,564,39524,712,26612,734,21351,747,19846,112,592
Visa policy of Turkey
.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}
Republic of Turkey
Unlimited stay
Visa not required (90 days and may enter with ID card)
Visa not required (90 days)
Visa not required (60 days)
Visa not required (30 days)
Visa not required (90 days - conditional)
eVisa (30 days)
eVisa (30 days - conditional)
Visa required Turkey visa policy.svg
Visa policy of Turkey
  Republic of Turkey
  Unlimited stay
  Visa not required (90 days and may enter with ID card)
  Visa not required (90 days)
  Visa not required (60 days)
  Visa not required (30 days)
  Visa not required (90 days - conditional)
  eVisa (30 days)
  eVisa (30 days - conditional)
  Visa required

Foreign tourist arrivals increased substantially in Turkey between 2000 and 2005, from 8 million to 25 million, which made Turkey a top-10 destination in the world for foreign visitors. 2005 revenues were US$20.3 billion which also made Turkey one of the top-10 biggest revenue owners in the world. In 2011, Turkey ranked as the 6th most popular tourist destination in the world and 4th in Europe, according to UNWTO World Tourism barometer. [38] See World Tourism rankings. At its height in 2014, Turkey attracted around 42 million foreign tourists, still ranking as the 6th most popular tourist destination in the world. [4] From 2015, tourism to Turkey entered a steep decline. [39] [40] In 2016, only around 30 million people visited Turkey. 2016 is described as the second year of huge losses on both visitor numbers and income, a "year of devastating losses", with Turkish tourism businesses stating that they "cannot remember a worse time in the sector". [5] The number of foreign visitors started recovering in 2017 with 37.9 million visitors being recorded. The recovery was partly due to intense security campaigns and advertising. The number of Russian tourists increased by 444% after the recovery of bilateral relations, resulting in Russia becoming the top tourism market for Turkey once again. [7] [8] Increases were also recorded in the British, Dutch and Belgian markets. [41]

In early 2017, the Turkish government urged Turkish citizens living abroad to take their vacations in Turkey, attempting to revive the struggling tourism sector [42] of an economy that went into contraction from late 2016. [43] After the April 2017 constitutional referendum, another sharp drop in tourist bookings from Germany was recorded. [44] In 2018, however, the German Tourism Industry Association recorded a growth in German tourist bookings for Turkey, with a 70% increase being recorded by the TUI Group alone. [45]

Government policy and regulation

The AKP government has been promoting "halal tourism" for years, [46] politically reaffirming this stance over the course of 2016. [47] In March 2017, a Turkish court banned global travel fare aggregator website Booking.com from offering services to Turkish tourists for lack of a national licence, [48] while the Hoteliers Association of Turkey campaigns for a lifting the ban of the enterprise on which its members relied for up to 90 percent of their turnover. [49] In April 2017, the police department of the prime resort city of Antalya issued a directive banning the consumption of alcohol outside of buildings. [50]

Sex tourism

Prostitution is legal and regulated in Turkey. The secularization of Turkish society allowed prostitution to achieve legal status during the early 20th century. Sex tourism has been part of Turkey's tourism industry and has been growing over the decades both for foreigners and locals. Many foreigners come to Turkey to work for local Turks in the prostitution business, while many Turks travel abroad as consumers of sex tourism, mostly to Eastern Europe for the purpose. [51] Anyone who encourages someone to commit prostitution, facilitates it, or mediates or provides a place for prostitution is punished with imprisonment from two months to four years and a judicial fine of up to three thousand days. [52] [53]

COVID-19 pandemic

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of tourists arriving in Turkey declined to around 16 million in 2020. [54] This was the lowest number of tourists in the last decade. [54] The revenue from international travel was reduced to $13.7 billion which only made up 1.91% of the total economy in 2020. [55] [56] In 2021, Turkey's tourism recovered from the pandemic as it contributed $59.3 billion to the GDP, which made up 7.3% of the total economy. [57] [58]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Transport in Turkey</span>

Transport in Turkey is road-dominated and mostly fuelled by diesel. Transport consumes a quarter of energy in Turkey, and is a major source of air pollution in Turkey and greenhouse gas emissions by Turkey. The World Health Organization has called for more active transport such as cycling. As of 2023 health impact assessment is not done in Turkey.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tourism in the Netherlands</span>

Tourism in the Netherlands is a relatively small sector of the country's economy with a total contribution of 5.4% to gross domestic product and 9.6% to employment. In 2017 the Netherlands was visited by 17 million foreign tourists, making it the 20th most visited country in the world.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Antalya</span> City in Turkey

Antalya is the fifth-most populous city in Turkey and the capital of Antalya Province. Recognized as the "capital of tourism" in Turkey and a pivotal part of the Turkish Riviera, Antalya sits on Anatolia's southwest coast, flanked by the Taurus Mountains. With over 2.6 million people in its metropolitan area, it is the largest city in Turkey's Mediterranean Region, situated along the Mediterranean Sea.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alanya</span> District and municipality in Antalya, Turkey

Alanya, formerly Alaiye, is a beach resort city, a municipality and district of Antalya Province, Turkey. It is on the southern coast of Turkey, in the country's Mediterranean Region, 133 kilometres (83 mi) east of the city of Antalya. Its area is 1,577 km2, and its population is 364,180 (2022). The city proper has 189,222 inhabitants (2022).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tourism in the Philippines</span>

Tourism is an important sector for the Philippine economy. The travel and tourism industry contributed 8.6% to the country's GDP in 2023; this was lower than the 12.7% recorded in 2019 prior to the COVID-19 lockdowns. Coastal tourism, encompassing beach and diving activities, constitutes 25% of the Philippines' tourism revenue, serving as its primary income source in the sector. Popular destinations among tourists include Boracay, Palawan, Cebu and Siargao. While the Philippines has encountered political and social challenges that have affected its tourism industry, the country has also taken steps to address these issues. Over the past years, there have been efforts to improve political stability, enhance security measures, and promote social inclusivity, all of which contribute to creating a more favorable environment for tourism, such as the Boracay rehabilitation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Land ownership in Turkey</span>

Land ownership in Turkey had been constrained by the Ottoman Empire in the 19th century. This was to prevent foreigners from competing with natives for desirable property. This policy was continued when Turkey became independent in the early 20th century. The policy was relaxed during the 21st century.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tourism in Thailand</span>

Tourism is an economic contributor to the Kingdom of Thailand. Estimates of tourism revenue directly contributing to the GDP of 12 trillion baht range from one trillion baht (2013) 2.53 trillion baht (2016), the equivalent of 9% to 17.7% of GDP. When including indirect travel and tourism receipts, the 2014 total is estimated to be the equivalent of 19.3% of Thailand's GDP. According to the secretary-general of the Office of the National Economic and Social Development Council in 2019, projections indicate the tourism sector will account for 30% of GDP by 2030, up from 20% in 2019, Thailand expects to receive 80 million visitors in 2027.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tourism in Brazil</span>

Tourism is a growing sector and key to the economy of several regions of Brazil. The country had 6.589 million visitors in 2018, ranking in terms of the international tourist arrivals as the second main destination in South America after Argentina and third in Latin America after Mexico and Argentina. Revenues from international tourists reached US$5.8 billion in 2015, continuing a recovery trend from the 2008–2009 economic crisis.

Turkey has a unitary structure in terms of administration and this aspect is one of the most important factors shaping the Turkish public administration. When three powers are taken into account as the main functions of the state, local administrations have little power. Turkey is a highly centralized unitary system, and the provinces are subordinated to the centre. Local administrations were established to provide services in place and the government is represented by the governors and city governors. Besides the governors and the city governors, other senior public officials are also appointed by the central government rather than appointed by mayors or elected by constituents.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Turkish State Theatres</span>

The Turkish State Theatres is the official directorate of the national theatre companies in Turkey. It is bound to the Ministry of Culture and Tourism and financed by the state to promote performed arts and enhance the public interest they receive. As of 2007, the directorate employs around 2,200 people including more than 700 actors and about the same number of stage technicians.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tourism in Vietnam</span>

Tourism in Vietnam is a component of the modern Vietnamese economy. In 2019, Vietnam received 18 million international arrivals, up from 2.1 million in the year 2000. The Vietnam National Administration of Tourism is following a long-term plan to diversify the tourism industry, which brings foreign exchange into the country.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Women in Turkey</span>

Women obtained full political participation rights in Turkey, including the right to vote and the right to run for office locally, in 1930, and nationwide in 1934. Article 10 of the Turkish Constitution bans any discrimination, state or private, on the grounds of sex. It is the first country to have a woman as the President of its Constitutional Court. Article 41 of the Turkish Constitution reads that the family is "based on equality between spouses".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tourism in Armenia</span>

Tourism in Armenia has been a key sector to the Armenian economy since the 1990s when tourist numbers exceeded half a million people visiting the country every year. The Armenian Ministry of Economy reports that most international tourists come from Russia, EU states, the United States and Iran. Though relatively small in size, Armenia has four UNESCO world heritage sites.

Borajet was a privately owned Turkish airline based in Yeşilköy, Bakırköy, Istanbul operating domestic and international services. It suspended operations on 24 April 2017.

The 2023 vision was a set of goals released by the administration of Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan in 2010 and 2011, to coincide with the centenary of the Republic of Turkey in 2023.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tourism in Syria</span>

Although Syria has some of the oldest cities in Western Asia, such as Damascus and Aleppo, tourism in Syria has greatly reduced as a result of the Syrian War, that began in 2011 and is ongoing, and its associated refugee crisis. Tourism has been further impacted by the outbreak of COVID-19 starting in March 2020. The international economic sanctions imposed on Syria and the sharp drop in the value of the Syrian pound also adversely impact tourism in Syria. The Ministry of Tourism is the responsible government department.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">International tourism</span> Travel for pleasure or business that crosses national borders

International tourism is tourism that crosses national borders. Globalisation has made tourism a popular global leisure activity. The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people "traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes". The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that up to 500,000 people are in flight at any one time.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Overtourism</span> Excessive number of tourists

Overtourism is congestion or overcrowding from an excess of tourists, resulting in conflicts with locals. The World Tourism Organization defines overtourism as "the impact of tourism on a destination, or parts thereof, that excessively influences perceived quality of life of citizens and/or quality of visitor experiences in a negative way". This definition shows how overtourism can be observed both among locals, who view tourism as a disruptive factor that increasingly burdens daily life, as well as visitors, who may regard high numbers of tourists as a nuisance.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Türkiye Culture Route Festival</span>

Türkiye Culture Route Festival, are cultural festival that has been organized by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism of the Republic of Turkey in various provinces of Turkey since 2021. The festivals are organized with the aim of increasing Turkey's international brand value and making its historical and cultural heritage a center of attraction.

References

  1. 1 2 Esma, Gültüvin Gür Omay; Emrah, Cengiz (7 August 2020). "Health Tourism in Turkey: Opportunities and Threats". Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences. 4 (10).
  2. "UNWTO World Tourism Barometer and Statistical Annex, December 2020 | World Tourism Organization". UNWTO World Tourism Barometer (English Version). 18 (7): 1–36. 18 December 2020. doi: 10.18111/wtobarometereng.2020.18.1.7 . S2CID   241989515.
  3. "Rekord: 51,9 Millionen Urlauber besuchten die Türkei 2019 - Hürriyet.de - Wirtschaft". www.hurriyet.de. Archived from the original on 18 February 2020.
  4. 1 2 "42 million tourists visit Turkey in 2014" . Retrieved 6 July 2016.
  5. 1 2 3 "Turkey's tourism industry reels from a year to forget". The Guardian. 5 October 2016.
  6. "Turkish–German ties at historic low, says scholar Faruk Şen". Hürriyet Daily News. 21 November 2016. Archived from the original on 16 December 2019.
  7. 1 2 "32.4 mln foreigners visit Turkey in 2017: Tourism Ministry". Hürriyet Daily News. 31 January 2018. Retrieved 12 February 2018.
  8. 1 2 "Tourism in Turkey starts recovery". ITIJ. Retrieved 12 February 2018.
  9. 1 2 "DISTRIBUTION OF ARRIVING FOREIGN VISITORS - TOP 5 COUNTRIES (2016-2018) JANUARY-DECEMBER".
  10. Maierbrugger, Arno (25 January 2013). "Turkey plans world's biggest airport". Inside Investor. Retrieved 17 May 2013.
  11. "Number of foreign tourists visiting Istanbul plunges for first time in 16 years". Hürriyet Daily News. 6 January 2017.
  12. "Turkey: Provinces and Major Cities - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 5 October 2022.
  13. "Putin bir kararı daha imzaladı. Tartışmalı bölge Rus mülkiyetine geçirildi". Yeni Çağ Gazetesi (in Turkish). 5 October 2022. Retrieved 5 October 2022.
  14. "MUSEUM OF ANATOLIAN CIVILIZATIONS". T.C. Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı (in Turkish). Retrieved 11 October 2022.
  15. "History of İzmir". izmir.ktb.gov.tr. Retrieved 11 October 2022.
  16. "Summary of Nation Building and the Lives it Changed Forever: A Reflection on the 100th Anniversary of the Greco-Turkish War · Online Exhibits". apps.lib.umich.edu. Retrieved 11 October 2022.
  17. "Historical and Cultural Places". izmir.ktb.gov.tr. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  18. "Blue Flag Turkey | TURCEV | Foundation for Environmental Education in Turkey". www.mavibayrak.org.tr. Retrieved 11 October 2022.
  19. A.Ş, ÜNİBEL. "News | A historical record in Izmir tourism". İzmir Büyükşehir Belediyesi. Retrieved 16 September 2023.
  20. Tilic, L. Dogan (5 April 2010). "Antalya: The Tourism Capital of Turkey". European Business Review. Retrieved 28 January 2011.
  21. "Turkey rich in "blue flags" – TRAVEL". Hürriyet Daily News. 13 September 2011. Retrieved 15 October 2016.
  22. Ahmady, Kameel 2009: Another Look at East and Southeast Turkey. GABB Publication, Diyarbakır. p 198.
  23. "Diyarbakir | History, Population, & Walls | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 16 September 2023.
  24. Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. "Diyarbakır Fortress and Hevsel Gardens Cultural Landscape". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 16 September 2023.
  25. "A city at the crossroads of history". DİYARBAKIR'S MEMORY. Retrieved 16 September 2023.
  26. "Diyarbakır aims to host 1 mln tourists this year - Türkiye News". Hürriyet Daily News. 4 October 2022. Retrieved 16 September 2023.
  27. [22] [23] [24] [25] [26]
  28. "Capadocia" (PDF).
  29. Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. "Türkiye - UNESCO World Heritage Convention". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
  30. "Turkey's Thriving Business in Hair, Beard, and Mustache Implants". Bloomberg.com. 10 May 2013. Retrieved 30 November 2023.
  31. Pirzada, Nefes (15 June 2022). "The Expansion of Turkey's Medical Tourism Industry". Voices in Bioethics. 8. doi: 10.52214/vib.v8i.9894 . ISSN   2691-4875. S2CID   249840691.
  32. "400,000 Europeans visit Turkey for health tourism - Latest News". Hürriyet Daily News. 26 May 2022. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
  33. KARAÇADIR, Vahap; SEZGİN, Aykut (20 September 2022). "KAMU İNTERNET VE MOBİL SAĞLIK UYGULAMALARI KULLANIM NİYETİ DEĞİŞKENLERİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ". Türkiye Mesleki ve Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi (9): 60–71. doi: 10.46236/jovosst.1176463 . ISSN   2687-3478. S2CID   252422361.
  34. Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Republic of Turkey. "Number of Arriving-Departing Foreigners and Citizens, December 2016" . Retrieved 16 May 2017.
  35. NUMBER OF ARRIVING-DEPARTING VISITORS, FOREIGNERS AND CITIZENS December 2017
  36. "Tourism Receipts-Expenditures (2003-2019)".
  37. "2019". Ktb.gov.tr. Retrieved 24 March 2022.
  38. "2012 Tourism Highlights" (PDF). UNWTO. June 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 July 2012. Retrieved 17 June 2012.
  39. Kafanov, Lucy (19 August 2015). "Violence costing Turkey precious tourism, even far from the fighting". The Christian Science Monitor.
  40. "4.9 pct less tourists in Turkey in June". DailySabah. 29 July 2015. Retrieved 15 November 2015.
  41. "It is now time for Turkey's tourism sector to raise revenue". Hürriyet Daily News. 9 February 2018. Retrieved 12 February 2018.
  42. "Erdoğan calls on citizens abroad: 'Come to Turkey for vacation'". Hürriyet Daily News. 2 February 2017. Retrieved 2 February 2017.
  43. "Turkey's Economy Contracts for First Time Since 2009". The Wall Street Journal . 12 December 2016. Retrieved 2 February 2017.
  44. "German travelers booking in Spain, Greece instead of Turkey: Association". Hürriyet Daily News. 21 April 2017.
  45. "Turkey hopes for German comeback". FVW. Retrieved 12 February 2018.
  46. "Turkey sees rise in halal tourism". BBC. 25 August 2014.
  47. "How Turkey plans to boost halal tourism". Al Monitor. 9 May 2016. Archived from the original on 17 January 2018. Retrieved 28 April 2017.
  48. "Turkey has banned Booking.com but the website isn't backing down". The Independent. 30 March 2017.
  49. "Turkish hotelier association asks court to lift ban on Booking.com". Hürriyet Daily News. 6 April 2017.
  50. "Statement on alcohol ban in outdoor locations in Turkey's Antalya sparks debate". Hürriyet Daily News. 28 April 2017.
  51. "Tourism's dark side: Child sexual abuse in Turkey". 27 June 2016.
  52. "Mevzuat Bilgi Sistemi".
  53. "Fuhuşa Teşvik Ve Aracılık Etme Suçu".
  54. 1 2 "Turkey Tourist arrivals - data, chart". TheGlobalEconomy.com. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
  55. "Turkey International tourism revenue - data, chart". TheGlobalEconomy.com. Retrieved 11 October 2022.
  56. "Turkey International tourism revenue, percent of GDP - data, chart". TheGlobalEconomy.com. Retrieved 11 October 2022.
  57. "Travel & Tourism Economic Impact | World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC)". wttc.org. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
  58. THE EFFECTS OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON THE TOURISM INDUSTRY .

Requirements for Urgent Visa for Turkey

Further reading