Tourism in Switzerland

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Switzerland is notable for its landscapes and tourism facilities (Matterhorn from the Gornergrat Railway). Matterhorn and Gornergratbahn.jpg
Switzerland is notable for its landscapes and tourism facilities (Matterhorn from the Gornergrat Railway).

Tourists are drawn to Switzerland's diverse landscape as well as the available activities, which take advantage of the Alpine climate and landscapes, in particular skiing and mountaineering.

Contents

As of 2016, tourism accounted for an estimated 2.6% (CHF 16.8 billion) of Switzerland's gross domestic product, compared to 2.6% (CHF 12.8 billion) in 2001. [1]

History

Tourism began in Switzerland with British mountaineers climbing the main peaks of the Bernese Alps in the early 19th century.

The Alpine Club in London was founded in 1857. Reconvalescence in the Alpine, in particular from tuberculosis, was another important branch of tourism in the 19th and early 20th centuries: for example in Davos, Graubünden. Due to the prominence of the Bernese Alps in British mountaineering, the Bernese Oberland was long especially known as a tourist destination. Meiringen's Reichenbach Falls achieved literary fame as the site of the fictional death of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes (1893). The first organised tourist holidays to Switzerland were offered during the 19th century by Thomas Cook and Lunn Travel companies. Tourism in Switzerland had been exclusively for the rich until it became widely popular in the 20th century. [2]

Notable tourist destinations in Switzerland

Infographic map of Switzerland Infografik Total alles uber die Schweiz.pdf
Infographic map of Switzerland
Large cities
Smaller cities
Resorts in the Alps
Natural regions

Activities

Switzerland comprehends an extensive hiking trail network (here the Schollenen Gorge on the Gotthard route). Schollenen Panorama.jpg
Switzerland comprehends an extensive hiking trail network (here the Schöllenen Gorge on the Gotthard route).

Hiking

Hiking is one of the main sports activities in Switzerland and is often referred to as the "national sport". About one-third of the population practice hiking regularly, with a total of 520 million kilometres (in 130 million hours) being travelled every year by the Swiss. Along with cycling, walking, in general, is the preferred form of mobility, regardless of social origins. The total hiking trail network is about 65,000 kilometres. [3] Hiking trails in Switzerland offer a wide range of difficulty levels, catering to both casual walkers and experienced mountaineers, with many routes featuring breathtaking views of the Alps and pristine natural landscapes. [4]

Tourist attractions

Statistics

Official statistics of tourism were planned in 1852, but were only realized in 1934, and continued until 2003. Since 2004, the Federal Statistical Office had discontinued its statistics, but collaborates with Switzerland Tourism in the publication of yearly "Swiss Tourism Figures". In the year 2011, a total number of 4,967 registered hotels or hostels, offered a total of 240,000 beds in 128,000 rooms. This capacity was saturated to 41.7% (compared to 39.7% in 2005), amounting to a total of 38.8 million lodging nights. 14% of hotels were in Grisons, 12% each in the Valais and Eastern Switzerland, 11% in Central Switzerland and 9% in the Bernese Oberland. The ratio of lodging nights in relation to resident population ("tourism intensity", a measure for the relative importance of tourism to local economy) was largest in Grisons (8.3) and Bernese Oberland (5.3), compared to a Swiss average of 1.3. 56.4% of lodging nights were by visitors from abroad (broken down by nationality: 16.5% Germany, 6.3% United Kingdom, 4.8% United States, 3.6% France, 3.0% Italy). [5]

The total financial volume associated with tourism, including transportation, is estimated to CHF 35.5 billion (as of 2010) although some of this comes from fuel tax and sales of motorway vignettes. The total gross value added from tourism is 14.9 billion. Tourism provides a total of 144,838 full-time equivalent jobs in the entire country. The total financial volume of tourist lodging is 5.19 billion CHF and eating at the lodging provides an additional 5.19 billion. The total gross value added of 14.9 billion is about 2.9% of Switzerland's 2010 nominal GDP of 550.57 billion CHF. [6] [7]

The most visited Swiss tourist attractions are first, the Rhine Falls, second, the Berne Bear exhibit (both without entrance fee), and third, with over 1.8 million paid entries: Zoo Basel.

Jungfrau railway (with Eiger in the background), one of the major tourist attractions of the High Alps (1 million visitors in 2015 (up from 0.866 million in 2014). The Jungfraujoch railway station is the highest in Europe, at an elevation of 3,454 metres (11,332 ft). Jungfraubahn with Eiger.jpg
Jungfrau railway (with Eiger in the background), one of the major tourist attractions of the High Alps (1 million visitors in 2015 (up from 0.866 million in 2014). The Jungfraujoch railway station is the highest in Europe, at an elevation of 3,454 metres (11,332 ft).
Rhine Falls Rheinfall (9642421005).jpg
Rhine Falls
Antelope House at Zoo Basel, Switzerland's most visited tourist attraction with an entrance fee ZolliAntelopeHouse2.JPG
Antelope House at Zoo Basel, Switzerland's most visited tourist attraction with an entrance fee

Overnight stays by country

Most overnight stays in 2019 in Switzerland were from the following countries of residence: [10]

RankCountryNumber of overnight stays
1Flag of Germany.svg  Germany 3,925,653
2Flag of the United States.svg  United States 2,474,360
3Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 1,641,429
4Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China 1,583,799
5Flag of France.svg  France 1,227,105
6Flag of Italy.svg  Italy 887,679
7 Flag of the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf.svg Gulf states863,767
8Flag of India.svg  India 792,607
9Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands 648,054
10Flag of Belgium (civil).svg  Belgium 636,425
Total foreign21,639,611

See also

Notes and references

  1. bfs.admin.ch, bazonline.ch 23 February 2018.
  2. Susan Barton, Healthy living in the Alps: The origins of winter tourism in Switzerland, 1860-1914 (Manchester University Press, 2008).
  3. Randonnées, Switzerland.com
  4. "Hiking Difficulty Levels" . Retrieved 2024-11-05.
  5. Switzerland Tourism, "Swiss Tourism in Figures - 2007 PDF Archived 2012-03-31 at the Wayback Machine "
  6. Tourism, Federal Statistical Office (Switzerland) (page visited on 7 May 2012).
  7. SECO Gross domestic product - quarterly estimates Archived 2010-09-23 at the Wayback Machine (page visited on 7 May 2012).
  8. Jungfraubahn Holding AG
  9. (in German) Wieder ein Besucherrekord im Zolli. Basler Zeitung, published 2013-2-21, retrieved 2013-2-21
  10. Office, Federal Statistical (2020-11-27). "Swiss tourism in figures 2019 - Structure and Industry". Federal Statistical Office bfs.admin.ch. Retrieved 22 September 2021.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Geography of Switzerland</span>

The geography of Switzerland features a mountainous and landlocked country located in Western and Central Europe. Switzerland's natural landscape is marked by its numerous lakes and mountains. It is surrounded by five countries: Austria and Liechtenstein to the east, France to the west, Italy to the south and Germany to the north. Switzerland has a maximum north–south length of 220 kilometres (140 mi) and an east–west length of about 350 kilometres (220 mi).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Swiss Alps</span> Portion of the Alps that lies within Switzerland

The Alpine region of Switzerland, conventionally referred to as the Swiss Alps, represents a major natural feature of the country and is, along with the Swiss Plateau and the Swiss portion of the Jura Mountains, one of its three main physiographic regions. The Swiss Alps extend over both the Western Alps and the Eastern Alps, encompassing an area sometimes called Central Alps. While the northern ranges from the Bernese Alps to the Appenzell Alps are entirely in Switzerland, the southern ranges from the Mont Blanc massif to the Bernina massif are shared with other countries such as France, Italy, Austria and Liechtenstein.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bernese Alps</span> Part of the Alps mountain range in Switzerland

The Bernese Alps are a mountain range of the Alps located in western Switzerland. Although the name suggests that they are located in the Berner Oberland region of the canton of Bern, portions of the Bernese Alps are in the adjacent cantons of Valais, Fribourg and Vaud, the latter being usually named Fribourg Alps and Vaud Alps respectively. The highest mountain in the range, the Finsteraarhorn, is also the highest point in the canton of Bern.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ticino</span> Canton of Switzerland

Ticino, sometimes Tessin, officially the Republic and Canton of Ticino or less formally the Canton of Ticino, is one of the 26 cantons forming the Swiss Confederation. It is composed of eight districts and its capital city is Bellinzona. It is also traditionally divided into the Sopraceneri and the Sottoceneri, respectively north and south of Monte Ceneri. Red and blue are the colours of its flag.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Valais</span> Canton of Switzerland

Valais, more formally, the Canton of Valais, is one of the 26 cantons forming the Swiss Confederation. It is composed of thirteen districts and its capital and largest city is Sion.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rail transport in Switzerland</span>

The Swiss rail network is noteworthy for its density, its coordination between services, its integration with other modes of transport, timeliness and a thriving domestic and trans-Alp freight system. It is made necessary by strong regulations on truck transport, and is enabled by properly coordinated intermodal logistics.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jungfrau</span> Mountain summit in the Bernese Alps, between the Swiss cantons of Bern and Valais

The Jungfrau, at 4,158 meters (13,642 ft) is one of the main summits of the Bernese Alps, located between the northern canton of Bern and the southern canton of Valais, halfway between Interlaken and Fiesch. Together with the Eiger and Mönch, the Jungfrau forms a massive wall of mountains overlooking the Bernese Oberland and the Swiss Plateau, one of the most distinctive sights of the Swiss Alps.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aletsch Glacier</span> Largest glacier in the Alps

The Aletsch Glacier or Great Aletsch Glacier is the largest glacier in the Alps. It has a length of about 23 km (14 mi) (2014), a volume of 15.4 km3 (3.7 cu mi) (2011), and covers about 81.7 km2 (2011) in the eastern Bernese Alps in the Swiss canton of Valais. The Aletsch Glacier is composed of four smaller glaciers converging at Konkordiaplatz, where its thickness was measured by the ETH to be still near 1 km (3,300 ft). It then continues towards the Rhône valley before giving birth to the Massa. The Aletsch Glacier is – like most glaciers in the world today – a retreating glacier. As of 2016, since 1980 it lost 1.3 kilometres (0.81 mi) of its length, since 1870 3.2 kilometres (2.0 mi), and lost also more than 300 metres (980 ft) of its thickness.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jungfraujoch</span> Glacier saddle in the Swiss Alps

The Jungfraujoch is a saddle connecting two major 4000ers of the Bernese Alps: the Jungfrau and the Mönch. It lies at an elevation of 3,463 metres (11,362 ft) above sea level and is directly overlooked by the rocky prominence of the Sphinx. The Jungfraujoch is a glacier saddle, on the upper snows of the Aletsch Glacier, and part of the Jungfrau-Aletsch area, situated on the boundary between the cantons of Bern and Valais, halfway between Interlaken and Fiesch.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bernese Oberland</span> Higher part of the canton of Bern, Switzerland

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Geography of the Alps</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bettmerhorn</span> Mountain in the Bernese Alps, Switzerland

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Grosses Wannenhorn</span> Mountain in the Bernese Alps

The Grosses Wannenhorn is a 3906-metre mountain in the Bernese Alps, in the Swiss canton of Valais near the village of Fiesch. It is part of the Walliser Fiescherhörner. The mountain separates the Aletsch Glacier to the west from the Fiescher Glacier to the east.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Oberaletsch Glacier</span> Glacier in Switzerland

The Oberaletsch Glacier is a valley glacier on the south side of the Bernese Alps, in the canton of Valais. It had a length of 9 km (5.6 mi) with an average width of just under 1 km (0.62 mi) and an area of about 22 km2 (8.5 sq mi) in 1973.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jungfraujoch railway station</span> Railway station in Switzerland

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lötschberg</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lötschenlücke</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lötschberg railway</span> Key western Swiss transport link

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jungfrau-Aletsch protected area</span> Protected area in south-western Switzerland

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The Strahlhorn is a mountain of the Pennine Alps, east of Zermatt and south of Saas Fee in Valais. It is also the name of several other mountains in Switzerland:

References

Commons-logo.svg Media related to Tourism in Switzerland at Wikimedia Commons