Untersee (Lake Constance)

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Untersee
2011-05-09 10-02-04 Switzerland Kanton Thurgau Rickenbach.jpg
View from an aeroplane above Rickenbach (CH) of the Untersee and the island of Reichenau (D) with Lake Überlingen (D), the northwestern part of the Obersee (D/CH/A) behind.
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Untersee
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Untersee
LocationBaden-Württemberg (Germany)
– Cantons of Thurgau and Schaffhausen (Switzerland)
Coordinates 47°41′42″N9°1′28″E / 47.69500°N 9.02444°E / 47.69500; 9.02444 Coordinates: 47°41′42″N9°1′28″E / 47.69500°N 9.02444°E / 47.69500; 9.02444
Primary inflows Seerhein, Radolfzeller Aach and smaller streams
Primary outflows High Rhine
Surface area62 square kilometres (24 sq mi) [1]
Average depth13 metres (43 ft) [1]
Max. depth45 metres (148 ft) [2]
Water volume0.8 cubic kilometres (0.19 cu mi) [1]
Shore length187 kilometres (54 mi) [1]
Surface elevation395.11 metres (1,296.3 ft) [1]
Islands Reichenau, the Werd islands
Settlements Radolfzell am Bodensee
Untersee (Lake Constance)
1 Shore length is not a well-defined measure.


The Untersee (German for Lower Lake), also known as Lower Lake Constance, is the smaller of the two lakes that together form Lake Constance and forms part of the boundary between Switzerland and Germany.

Contents

Geography

The Untersee, to the East, the Seerhein and parts of the Obersee are visible.
Yellow: German state of Baden-Wurttemberg, green: Swiss canton of Thurgau, red: Swiss Canton of Schaffhausen Karte Bodensee Untersee.png
The Untersee, to the East, the Seerhein and parts of the Obersee are visible.
Yellow: German state of Baden-Württemberg, green: Swiss canton of Thurgau, red: Swiss Canton of Schaffhausen
The Untersee near Berlingen Untersee Berlingen.jpg
The Untersee near Berlingen

The Lower Lake Constance measures 63 km2 (24 sq mi) and is situated about 30 cm (12 in) lower than the Obersee. The Romans called it Lacus Acronius. In the Middle Ages, the Upper Lake was called Bodamicus Lacus, or Bodensee in German.[ citation needed ] At some point in time, this term began to include the Lower Lake, and a new term "Upper Lake" (in German: Obersee ), was introduced for the larger lake.[ dubious ]

The main tributaries are the Seerhein and Radolfzeller Aach. The landscape surrounding the Untersee is very diverse. The Untersee contains two islands: Reichenau and Werd (near the transition to the High Rhine). In the northeast is found the peninsula Bodanrück; in the northwest, the Hegau lowlands with the peninsula Mettnau; in the west, the peninsula Höri, with a mountain called Schiener Berg, and in the south, the Seerücken, which reaches more than 300 feet above the Untersee near Berlingen.

Bordering the Lower Lake Constance are the Swiss cantons of Thurgau and Schaffhausen and the German state of Baden-Württemberg. In contrast to the Upper Lake, the border between Germany and Switzerland across the Lower Lake is well defined. Municipalities on the Swiss side are Gottlieben, Ermatingen, Salenstein, Berlingen, Steckborn, Mammern, Eschenz and Stein am Rhein. Municipalities on the German side are Öhningen, Gaienhofen, Moos am Bodensee, Radolfzell, Reichenau, Allensbach and Constance.

Zeller See, Gnadensee and Markelfingen Winkel

The Island of Reichenau, as seen from the Seerucken Reichenau.JPG
The Island of Reichenau, as seen from the Seerücken

Three parts in the north of Lower Lake have names of their own: Zeller See (lit.: "Lake of Radolfzell"), Gnadensee (lit.: "Lake Mercy") and Markelfingen Winkel (lit.: the nook of Markelfingen). The Zeller See is the part between the peninsula Mettnau in the north, of the peninsula Höri in the south and Island of Reichenau in the east. To the west lies the estuary of the Radolfzeller Aach. The Gnadensee extends Allensbach in the north and the Island of Reichenau in the south, from the tip of Mettnau in the west to the Reichenau causeway with its highly visible poplar avenue in the east.

According to legend, the name Gnade (English: Mercy or Grace) of the lake comes from the time when the court house was located on the Island of Reichenau. If a defendant was sentenced to death, the execution of the sentence could not be carried out on the island, but only on the mainland because the island was "holy ground". Therefore, the condemned man was brought by boat to the mainland in the direction of Allensbach, where the sentence could be Gnade. Now, if the abbot wanted to pardon the condemned, he would ring a bell before the offender arrived on the other shore. This signaled to the executioner on the mainland, that prisoner had been pardoned.

The story above is unlikely to be true. A more probable theory is that the lake is named after Maria, "Our Lady of Mercy", as the church of the abbey on the island was dedicated to St. Mary and St. Mark. [3] The town name Frauenfeld in neighbouring canton of Thurgau can be similarly explained.[ citation needed ]

The Markelfingen Winkel is the western end of the Gnadensee, between Markelfingen in the north, Radolfzell in the west and Mettnau in the south. [4] Its eastern boundary is at the level of the summit Mettnauspitze. With is maximum water depth of 16 m, the Markelfingen Winkel is the shallowest part of the lake. It has a tributary: the Mühlbach, which drains the Mindelsee.

Rheinsee

The mainly Swiss section of the lake below of the Island of Reichenau and its southwestern arm is known as Rheinsee (lit.: "Rhine Lake", not to be confused with Seerhein (lit.: "Lake Rhine"), which is the Upper and Lower Lakes connecting segment of the river Rhine). This section of the lake follows more or less the border between Germany and Switzerland and is also called "Rhine Lake", since the current of the Rhine follows exactly this path to the effluent of the Lake Constance in the Swiss town of Stein am Rhein, where the High Rhine starts. [5]

See also

Related Research Articles

Rhine Major river in Western Europe

The Rhine is one of the major European rivers. The river begins in the Swiss canton of Graubünden in the southeastern Swiss Alps, forms part of the Swiss-Liechtenstein, Swiss-Austrian, Swiss-German and then the Franco-German border, then flows in a mostly northerly direction through the German Rhineland and the Netherlands and eventually empties into the North Sea.

Lake Constance Lake in Germany, Switzerland and Austria

Lake Constance refers to three bodies of water on the Rhine at the northern foot of the Alps: Upper Lake Constance (Obersee), Lower Lake Constance (Untersee), and a connecting stretch of the Rhine, called the Lake Rhine (Seerhein). These waterbodies lie within the Lake Constance Basin, which is part of the Alpine Foreland and through which the Rhine flows.

Radolfzell Town in Baden-Württemberg, Germany

Radolfzell am Bodensee is a town in Germany at the western end of Lake Constance approximately 18 km northwest of Konstanz. It is the third largest town, after Constance and Singen, in the district of Konstanz, in Baden-Württemberg.

Alpine Rhine

The Alpine Rhine Valley is a glacial alpine valley, formed by the part of the Alpine Rhine between the confluence of the Anterior Rhine and Posterior Rhine at Reichenau and the Alpine Rhine's mouth at Lake Constance. It covers three countries and the full length of the Alpine Rhine is 93.5 km.

Gnadensee

The Gnadensee is part of Lower Lake Constance, the western part of the lake.

Aach is a German-language toponym and frequent element in place names and may refer to:

High Rhine Part of the Rhine

The High Rhine is the name used for the part of the Rhine that flows westbound from Lake Constance to Basel. The High Rhine begins at the out flow of the Rhine from the Untersee in Stein am Rhein and turns into the Upper Rhine in Basel. In contrast to the Alpine Rhine and Upper Rhine, the High Rhine flows mostly to the west.

Berlingen, Switzerland Municipality in Switzerland in Thurgau

Berlingen is a municipality in Frauenfeld District in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.

Battle of Schwaderloh

The Battle of Schwaderloh took place on 11 April 1499 near Triboltingen, a village on the Swiss shores of the Untersee just south of Constance. It was one of the major battles of the Swabian War between the Old Swiss Confederacy and the forces of the Swabian League and of Emperor Maximilian I.

Seerhein River in Germany

The Seerhein is a river about four kilometres long, in the basin of Lake Constance. It is the outflow of the Upper Lake Constance and the main tributary of the Lower Lake Constance. The water level of the lower lake is about 30 cm below the level of the Upper Lake. It is considered part of the Rhine, which flows into Lake Constance as the Alpine Rhine and flows out of the Lake as the High Rhine. The Seerhein arose after the last ice age. Some time after this period, the water level of Lake Constance gradually dropped by about ten metres and the shallow parts fell dry. Some parts of the Seerhein still have a character a bit like a lake.

Obersee (Lake Constance)

The Obersee, also known as Upper Lake Constance, is the much larger of the two parts of Lake Constance, the other part being the Untersee.

Lake Überlingen

Lake Überlingen is the northwestern "finger" of the Obersee, the lower part of Lake Constance. The boundary of lake is defined as the ferry link from Meersburg to Constance. It extends north to Bodman-Ludwigshafen.

Radolfzeller Aach River in Germany

The Radolfzeller Aach is a right or north tributary of the Rhine in the south of Baden-Württemberg (Germany). It is approximately 32 km long.

Werd (Lake Constance)

Werd Island is the main island of the small island group Werd Islands in the westernmost part of the Lower Lake of Lake Constance just before the High Rhine leaves the part of the lake known as Rheinsee. It is located on Swiss territory between Stein am Rhein and Eschenz.

Dominicans Island

The Dominican Island or Constance Island is an island in Lake Constance immediately east of the city of Constance. With an area of 1.8 hectares, it is one of the smaller islands in the lake. The island is separated from the city center by a six-metre-wide (20 ft) channel, and connected to it by a bridge. The island is dominated by the Steigenberger hotel, which is housed in the former Dominican convent.

Germany–Switzerland border International border

The border between the modern states of Germany and Switzerland extends to 362 kilometres (225 mi), mostly following the High Rhine between Lake Constance and Basel.

Rheinsee

The Rhine leaves that part of Lake Constance known as the Upper Lake or Obersee as the Seerhein near Konstanz. After six kilometres it forms the Rheinsee, through which the river current flows. At its outflow is the island of Werd with its Franciscan monastery. The Rheinsee, together with the Zeller See and the Gnadensee, which surround the island of Reichenau, form the Untersee. The latter, together with the Seerhein, are considered part of Lake Constance.

Zeller See (Lake Constance)

The Zeller See is part of the Lower Lake, the lower part of Lake Constance. It lies in the bay of Radolfzell, and between the peninsula of Mettnau to the north and the peninsula of Höri to the south. To the west it is bounded by the ried of the Radolfzeller Aach.

Wollmatinger Ried

The nature reserve of Wollmatinger Ried – Untersee – Gnadensee is a protected area on the shores of Lake Constance in Germany. It has an area of 767 hectares and is the largest and most important nature reserve on the German side of Lake Constance. It is rich in plant and animal species and extends from the banks of the Seerhein river west of Constance via the causeway to the Island of Reichenau in the Untersee to the eastern Gnadensee near Allensbach-Hegne. The nearby offshore islands of Triboldingerbohl (Langenrain) and Mittler or Langbohl (Kopf) are part of the reserve.

Liebesinsel (Lake Constance) Island in Germany

The Liebesinsel is a small, uninhabited island in Lake Constance in Germany.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Gestalt und Funktionen des Bodensees und seines Einzugsgebietes Archived 2012-05-14 at the Wayback Machine . In: Internationale Gewässerschutzkommission für den Bodensee (Hrsg.): Der Bodensee: Zustand – Fakten – Perspektiven. 1st edition. Bregenz, 2004, ISBN   3-902290-04-8, pp. 8–11 (pdf; 1.1 MB)
  2. Internationale Gewässerschutzkommission für den Bodensee: Bodensee-Untersee (Zustandsbeschreibung), in Limnologischer Zustand des Bodensees, Report No. 40, at igkb.org, p. 43 (pdf; 7.6 MB)
  3. Nyffenegger Eugene and Martin Graf: Thurgau name book, vol 3.1, Frauenfeld / Stuttgart / Vienna, 2007, ISBN   978-3-7193-1458-3, p602
  4. Markelfingen Corner Archived 2011-07-20 at the Wayback Machine in a description of the study area of the Landesanstalt für Umwelt, Messungen und Naturschutz Baden-Württemberg
  5. Seespiegel, Issue 20: The Bodensee: three parts, one lake

Bibliography