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This is a list of political parties in Switzerland.
Switzerland has a multi-party system. Since 1959, the four largest parties have formed a coalition government, according to a Zauberformel or "magic formula". This arithmetic formula divides the seven cabinet seats among representatives of the four largest parties. [1]
The following parties are represented either in the Swiss Federal Assembly as of 2022 or in cantonal parliaments and executive councils as of 2021. [2] For their names in the four national languages of Switzerland, see #Names in the national languages below.
For more detailed information on the political positions of some of the parties listed below, see here: [3] For Swiss political party strength on the municipal level, see here: [4]
The following groups or parties are not represented at either the cantonal or national level (but may hold positions in municipal parliaments).
Abbr. | Name | W | Leader | Ideology | Founded | Popular vote [lower-alpha 6] | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PPS | Pirate Party | Denis Simonet | Pirate politics, liberalism | 2009 | 0.27% (2019) | ||
SD/DS | Swiss Democrats | Bernhard Hess | Right-wing, national conservatism | 1961 | 0.13% (2019) | ||
SLB/MSL | Social Liberal Movement | Samuel Schmid | Centre-right, social conservatism | 2011 | 0.1% (2015) | ||
LP/PL | Libertarian Party | Simon Scherrer | Libertarianism | 2014 | 0.01% (2019) | ||
FPS/PSL | Freedom Party | Peter Commarmot | Right-wing, national liberalism | 1984 | n/a | ||
HPS/PHS | Swiss Humanist Party | Daniel Horowitz | Humanist Movement | 1984 | n/a | ||
KVP | Catholic People's Party | Lukas Brühwiler-Frésey | Catholic social teaching | 1994 | n/a | ||
TPS/PSpA | Tierpartei Schweiz | Thomas Märki | Animal rights | 2010 | 0.15% (2015) | ||
Parteifrei | Lukas Harder | Voluntary association of independent politicians formed for the 2011 elections; opposing party politics | 2011 | 0.19% (2015) | |||
MontagnaViva | Germano Mattei | Regionalism (Alpine Ticino) | 2011 | 0.08% (2015) | |||
Alpenparlament | Alternative medicine | 2011 | 0.06% (2015) | ||||
Konfessionslose | Separation of church and state | 2011 | 0.05% (2015) | ||||
Volksaktion | Eric Weber | Right-wing populism (Basel-Stadt) | 2002 | 0.03% (2015) | |||
La gauche combative | Communism (Geneva) | 2002 | 0.03% (2015) | ||||
Les Rauraques | Jura separatism (Bernese Jura) | 2011 | 0.03% (2015) | ||||
Abbr. | Party | German | French | Italian | Romansh | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SVP/UDC | Swiss People's Party | Schweizerische Volkspartei or SVP | Union démocratique du Centre or UDC | Unione Democratica di Centro or UDC | Partida populara Svizra or PPS | |
SP/PS | Social Democratic Party | Sozialdemokratische Partei der Schweiz or SP | Parti socialiste suisse or PS | Partito Socialista Svizzero or PS | Partida socialdemocratica da la Svizra or PS | |
FDP/PRD | Free Democratic Party | Freisinnig-Demokratische Partei der Schweiz or FDP | Parti radical-démocratique suisse or PRD | Partito Liberale Radicale or PLR | Partida liberaldemocrata da la Svizra or PLD | |
Mitte/Centre | The Centre | Die Mitte | Le Centre | Alleanza del Centro | Allianza dal Center | |
GPS/PES | Green Party | Grüne Partei der Schweiz or Die Grünen | Parti écologiste suisse or Les Verts | Partito Ecologista Svizzero or I Verdi | Partida ecologica svizra or Ils Verds | |
CSP/PCS | Christian Social Party | Christlich-soziale Partei or CSP | Parti chrétien-social or PCS | Partito Cristiano Sociale or PCS | Partida cristiansociala da la Svizra or PCS | |
CVP/PDC | Christian Democratic People's Party | Christlichdemokratische Volkspartei der Schweiz or CVP | Parti démocrate-chrétien suisse or PDC | Partito Popolare Democratico or PPD | Partida Cristian-democratica da la Svizra or PCD | |
BDP/PBD | Conservative Democratic Party | Bürgerlich-Demokratische Partei Schweiz or BDP | Parti bourgeois démocratique Suisse or PBD | Partito borghese democratico Svizzera or PBD | Partida burgais democratica Svizra or PBD | |
EVP/PEV | Evangelical People's Party | Evangelische Volkspartei der Schweiz or EVP | Parti évangelique suisse or PEV | Partito Evangelico Svizzero or PE | Partida evangelica svizra or PEV | |
FPS/PSL | Freedom Party | Freiheits-Partei der Schweiz or FPS | Parti suisse de la liberté or PSL | Partito svizzero della Libertà or PSL | Partida svizra da la libertad or PSL | |
LPS/PLS | Liberal Party | Liberale Partei der Schweiz or LPS | Parti libéral suisse or PLS | Partito Liberale Svizzero or PLS | Partida liberal-conservativa Svizra or PLC | |
AL | Alternative Left | Alternative Linke or AL | La Gauche or LG | La Sinistra or LS | Alternativa sanestra or AS | |
SD/DS | Swiss Democrats | Schweizer Demokraten or SD | Démocrates suisses or DS | Democratici Svizzeri or DS | Democrats svizers or DS | |
Lega | Ticino League | Liga der Tessiner | Ligue des Tessinois | Lega dei Ticinesi | Liga dals Tessinais | |
EDU/UDF | Federal Democratic Union | Eidgenössisch-Demokratische Union or EDU | Union démocratique fédérale or UDF | Unione Democratica Federale or UDF | Uniun democrata federala or UDF | |
PdA/PST | Swiss Party of Labour | Partei der Arbeit der Schweiz or PdA | Parti suisse du travail – Parti ouvrier et populaire or PST-POP | Partito Svizzero del Lavoro – Partito Operaio e Popolare or PC | Partida svizra da la lavur or PdL | |
GLP/PVL | Green Liberal Party | Grünliberale Partei der Schweiz or GLP | Parti vert'libéral or PVL | Partito Verde Liberale or PVL | Partida verda-liberala or PVL | |
MCG | Geneva Citizens' Movement | Genfer Bürgerbewegung | Mouvement citoyens genevois | Movimento dei Cittadini Ginevrini | ||
CSP OW | Christian Social Party of Obwalden | Christlichsoziale Partei Obwalden | Parti chrétien-social d'Obwald | |||
Sol | Solidarity | Solidarität | solidaritéS | Solidarità | Solidaritad | |
SLB/MSL | Social Liberal Movement | Sozial-Liberale Bewegung | Mouvement socio-libéral | Movimento social-liberale | ||
SD/DS | Swiss Democrats | Schweizer Demokraten | Démocrates suisses | Democratici Svizzeri | Democrats svizers | |
FPS/PSL | Freedom Party | Freiheits-Partei der Schweiz | Parti suisse de la liberté | Partito svizzero della Libertà | Partida Svizra da la Libertad | |
HPS/PHS | Swiss Humanist Party | Humanistische Partei der Schweiz | Parti Humaniste de la Suisse | Partito Umanista della Svizzera | Partida umanistica da la Svizra | |
KVP | Catholic People's Party | Katholische Volkspartei | Parti populaire catholique | Partito Popolare Cattolico | Partida populara catolica | |
PPS | Pirate Party | Piratenpartei Schweiz | Parti Pirate Suisse | Partito Pirata Svizzera | Partida da Pirats Svizra | |
TPS/PSpA | Tierpartei Schweiz | Tierpartei Schweiz or TPS | Parti suisse pour les animaux or PSpA | Partito svizzero per gli animali or PSpA | Partida svizra d'animals or PSA | |
up! | The Swiss Independence Party up! | Unabhängigkeitspartei up! | up! Switzerland | |||
Sources: The Swiss Federal Chancellery
Party | Number of elected representatives at the federal, cantonal and communal levels |
---|---|
FDP.The Liberals | 2,011 |
Social Democratic Party | 1,863 |
Swiss People's Party | 1,511 |
Christian Democratic Party | 1,205 |
Conservative Democratic Party | 173 |
The government of Switzerland is a federal state with direct democracy.
The 26 cantons of Switzerland are the member states of the Swiss Confederation. The nucleus of the Swiss Confederacy in the form of the first three confederate allies used to be referred to as the Waldstätte. Two important periods in the development of the Old Swiss Confederacy are summarized by the terms Acht Orte and Dreizehn Orte.
The Federal Council is the federal cabinet of the Swiss Confederation. Its seven members also serve as the collective head of state and government of Switzerland. Since after World War II, the Federal Council is by convention a permanent grand coalition government composed of representatives of the country's major parties and language regions.
The Social Democratic Party of Switzerland, or Swiss Socialist Party, is a political party in Switzerland. The SP has had two representatives on the Federal Council since 1960 and received the second-highest number of votes in the 2019 Swiss federal election.
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The Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland, also called the Christian Democratic Party, Democratic People's Party and Swiss Christian Democratic Party, was a Christian-democratic political party in Switzerland. On 1 January 2021, it merged with the Conservative Democratic Party of Switzerland (BDP/PBD) to form The Centre, which now operates at the federal level. The Christian Democratic People's Party will continue to exist at the cantonal level as individual local and regional parties determine their status.
The Federal Assembly, also Swiss parliament, is the federal bicameral legislature of Switzerland. The lower house is the 200-seat National Council and the upper house is the 46-seat Council of States. It meets in Bern in the Federal Palace.
Voting in Switzerland is the process by which Swiss citizens make decisions about governance and elect officials. The history of voting rights in Switzerland mirrors the complexity of the nation itself. The polling stations are opened on Saturdays and Sunday mornings but most people vote by post in advance. At noon on Sunday, voting ends and the results are usually known during the afternoon.
In Swiss politics, the magic formula is an arithmetic formula for dividing the seven executive seats on the Federal Council among the four coalition parties. The formula was first applied in 1959. It gave the Free Democratic Party, the Catholic Conservative Party and the Social Democratic Party two seats each, while the Party of Farmers, Traders and Independents received one seat.
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FDP.The Liberals is a liberal political party in Switzerland. It is tied for the largest party in the Federal Council, is the third-largest party in the National Council and is the second-largest in the Council of States.
A popular initiative allows people to suggest laws on a national, cantonal, and municipal level.
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