List of political parties in the Netherlands

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This article lists political parties in the Netherlands. The country has a multi-party system with numerous political parties, in which any one party has little chance of gaining power alone; parties often work with each other to form coalition governments.

Contents

The lower house of the legislature, the House of Representatives, is elected by a national party-list system of proportional representation. There is no threshold for getting a seat, making it possible for a party to get a seat with only two-thirds percent of the vote—roughly one seat for every 67,000 votes.

No party has won a majority of seats since the 1894 general election; [1] no party has even approached the seats needed for a majority since the current proportional representation system was implemented in the Pacification of 1917. All governments since then have been coalitions between two or more parties. However, there is a broad consensus on the basic principles of the political system, with all parties having to adjust their goals to some extent in order to have a realistic chance at being part of the government.

National political parties

Parties represented in the States General and/or European Parliament

Political party Main ideology Position Leader AffiliationSeatsRef.
Eur. EP group Intl. Senators House reps. MEPs
PvdA PvdA Logo small.svg Labour Party
Partij van de Arbeid
Social democracy Centre-left Frans Timmermans [2] PES S&D PA
14 / 75
25 / 150
4 / 31
[3] [4]
GL GroenLinks logo (1994-present).svg GreenLeft
GroenLinks
Green politics Centre-left Frans Timmermans [5] EGP Greens–EFA GG
4 / 31
[4]
PVV Party for Freedom
Partij voor de Vrijheid
Right-wing populism Right-wing to far-right Geert Wilders ID PfE
4 / 75
37 / 150
6 / 31
[6] [7] [8] [9]
VVD VVD logo (2020-present).svg People's Party for Freedom and Democracy
Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie
Conservative liberalism Centre-right Dilan Yeşilgöz ALDE Renew LI
10 / 75
24 / 150
4 / 31
[10] [11] [12]
BBB BoerBurgerBeweging logo.svg Farmer–Citizen Movement
BoerBurgerBeweging
Agrarianism Right-wing Caroline van der Plas EPP
16 / 75
7 / 150
2 / 31
NSC NSC partijlogo.svg New Social Contract
Nieuw Sociaal Contract
Christian democracy Centre-right Pieter Omtzigt EPP
0 / 75
20 / 150
1 / 31
D66 D66 logo (2019-present).svg Democrats 66
Democraten 66
Social liberalism Centre Rob Jetten ALDE Renew LI
5 / 75
9 / 150
3 / 31
[11] [10]
CDA CDA logo 2021.svg Christian Democratic Appeal
Christen-Democratisch Appèl
Christian democracy Centre-right Henri Bontenbal EPP EPP CDI
6 / 75
5 / 150
3 / 31
[13] [14] [15] [16]
SP Socialistische Partij (nl 2006) Logo.svg Socialist Party
Socialistische Partij
Democratic socialism Left-wing Jimmy Dijk
3 / 75
5 / 150
0 / 31
[17] [18] [19] [20]
PvdD Party for the Animals logo.svg Party for the Animals
Partij voor de Dieren
Animal welfare Left-wing Esther Ouwehand APEU GUE–NGL
3 / 75
3 / 150
1 / 31
[21]
CU ChristenUnie.svg Christian Union
ChristenUnie
Christian democracy Centre Mirjam Bikker ECPM
3 / 75
3 / 150
0 / 31
[3] [4] [22] [23]
FvD FvD.png Forum for Democracy
Forum voor Democratie
National conservatism Far-right Thierry Baudet
2 / 75
3 / 150
0 / 31
[24] [25] [26]
SGP SGP logo (2016-present).svg Reformed Political Party
Staatkundig Gereformeerde Partij
Christian right Right-wing Chris Stoffer ECPM ECR
2 / 75
3 / 150
1 / 31
[3] [4] [27]
JA21 JA21 logo.svg Right Answer 2021
Juiste Antwoord 2021
Conservative liberalism Right-wing Joost Eerdmans ECR ECR
3 / 75
1 / 150
0 / 31
Volt Logo of Volt.svg Volt Netherlands
Volt Nederland
European federalism Centre Laurens Dassen Volt Greens–EFA
2 / 75
2 / 150
2 / 31
[28]
DENK DENK logo (2020-present).svg DENK Minority interests Centre-left Stephan van Baarle
0 / 75
3 / 150
0 / 31
[29] [30]
50+ 50PLUS (nl) Logo.svg 50PLUS Pensioners' interests Centre Gerard van Hooft EDP
1 / 75
0 / 150
0 / 31
[3] [11] [10] [21]
OPNL Onafhankelijke Politiek Nederland logo.png Independent Politics Netherlands
Onafhankelijke Politiek Nederland
Regionalism Centre Auke van der Goot EFA
1 / 75
0 / 150
0 / 31

Parties without representation in the States General and/or European Parliament

Party Main ideology Position Leader AffiliationRef.
European International
Alliantie Logo Alliantie Partij.svg Alliance
Alliantie
Conservatism Centre-right Vacant
BIJ1 BIJ1 logo.svg BIJ1
Anti-capitalism Left-wing to far-left Edson Olf
CO Code Oranje logo.svg Code Orange
Code Oranje
Direct democracy Syncretic Bert Blase
NVU Dutch People's Union
Nederlandse Volks-Unie
Ethnic nationalism Far-right Constant Kusters
OPA Logo Ouderen Politiek Actief.png Elderly Politically Active
Ouderen Politiek Actief
Pensioners' interests Single-issue politics Vacant
GOUD GOUD logo.svg GOUD
Pensioners' interests Centre Vacant
HVV Heart for Freedom
Hart voor Vrijheid
Antivax Syncretic Vacant
LHK Lijst Henk Krol logo.svg Henk Krol List
Lijst Henk Krol
Progressive conservatism Centre-right Vacant
BVNL BVNL logo (2023-present).svg Interest of the Netherlands
Belang van Nederland
Classical liberalism Right-wing Wybren van Haga
JL Jezus Leeft logo.svg Jesus Lives
Jezus Leeft
Evangelism Right-wing Florens van der Spek
LEF LEF.png LEF - For the New Generation
LEF - Voor de Nieuwe Generatie
Youth politics Daniël van Duijn
LibDem Liberaal Democratische Partij Logo.svg Liberal Democratic Party
Liberaal Democratische Partij
Social liberalism Centre Sammy van Tuyll
LP Libertarischepartij.svg Libertarian Party
Libertaire Partij
Right-libertarianism Right-wing Tom van Lamoen EPIL LI [31]
MDD Meer Directe Democratie logo.svg More Direct Democracy
Meer Directe Democratie
Direct Democracy Centre-right Dorien Rookmaker EAFD
NCPN Logo - Nieuwe Communistische Partij van Nederland (2022).svg New Communist Party of the Netherlands
Nieuwe Communistische Partij van Nederland
Marxism–Leninism Far-left Rinze Visser IMCWP
NLB Logo of the NLBeter.svg NLBeter Public sector interests Centre Esther van Fenema
NLPlan Netherlands with a Plan
Nederland met een PLAN
Participatory democracy Centre Kok Kuen Chan
PSP Pacifistisch Socialistische Partij '92 logo.svg Pacifist Socialist Party '92
Pacifistisch Socialistische Partij '92
Pacifist socialism Left-wing Vacant
PvdR Logo of Partij voor de Republiek.png Party for the Republic
Partij voor de Republiek
Republicanism Centre Bruno Braakhuis
PvdS PartijvdSport logo.png Party for Sports
PartijvdSport
Health promotion Centre Annemarie van Duivenboden
PDNM Party The New Human
Partij De Nieuwe Mens
Spiritual left Centre-left Niraï Melis &
Raishrie Gajadin
[32]
PPNL Piratpartiet.svg Pirate Party
Piratenpartij
Pirate politics Syncretic Mark van Treuren [33] PPEU PPI [34]
PPvB Logo Politieke Partij voor Basisinkomen.png Political Party for Basic Income
Politieke Partij voor Basisinkomen
Universal basic income Single-issue politics Sepp Hannen
TON TROTS.svg Proud of the Netherlands
Trots op Nederland
Conservative liberalism Right-wing Sander van den Raadt
SPL Splinter Secularism Femke Merel van Kooten
DG De Groenen logo.svg The Greens
De Groenen
Green politics Centre-left Mark van Treuren [35]
DFP Partij van de Toekomst logo.svg The Party Party
De Feestpartij
Joke Party Syncretic Johan Vlemmix
SvN Together for the Netherlands
Samen voor Nederland
Right-wing populism Far-right Michel Reijinga
UCF Ubuntu Connected Front Ubuntuism Centre-left Regillio Vaarnold
VCP VCP logo.svg United Communist Party
Verenigde Communistische Partij
Communism Far-left Engel Modderman
VDR vandeRegio Regionalism Centre Sent Wierda EFA

Regional and local political parties

European Netherlands

Regional parties

Political party Active in Main ideology Position European
affiliation
FNP FNP logo.png Frisian National Party
Fryske Nasjonale Partij
Frisian flag.svg  Friesland Civic nationalism Big tent [36] EFA
GB Groninger Belang logo 01.png Groninger Interest
Groninger Belang
Flag of Groningen.svg  Groningen Regionalism Centre
LB Lokaal Brabant logo.png Local Brabant
Lokaal Brabant
North Brabant-Flag.svg  North Brabant Regionalism Centre
LL Lokaal-Limburg logo.png Local Limburg
Lokaal-Limburg
Flag of Limburg.svg  Limburg Regionalism Centre
PvhN Party for the North
Partij voor het Noorden
Flag of Groningen.svg  Groningen
Frisian flag.svg  Friesland
Flag of Drenthe.svg  Drenthe
Regionalism Centre
PvZ Partij voor Zeeland logo.png Party for Zeeland
Partij voor Zeeland
Flag of Zeeland.svg  Zeeland Regionalism Centre
PBF Provinciaal Belang Fryslan logo.png Provincial Interest Fryslân
Provinciaal Belang Fryslân
Frisian flag.svg  Friesland Regionalism Centre
SLD Sterk Lokaal Drenthe logo.jpg Strong Local Drenthe
Sterk Lokaal Drenthe
Flag of Drenthe.svg  Drenthe Regionalism Centre
SLF Sterk Lokaal Flevoland logo.jpg Strong Local Flevoland
Sterk Lokaal Flevoland
Flag of Flevoland.svg  Flevoland Regionalism Centre

Local parties

Party Main ideology Position
Forza! Forza! Nederland.svg Forza! Netherlands
Forza! Nederland
Right-wing populism Right-wing
HvDH Heart for The Hague
Hart voor Den Haag/Groep de Mos
Conservative liberalism Right-wing
LR LeefbaarRotterdam.jpg Livable Rotterdam
Leefbaar Rotterdam
Fortuynism Right-wing
VSP Verenigde Senioren Partij.svg United Seniors Party
Verenigde Senioren Partij
Pensioners' interests Single-issue politics

Water board parties

Political party Main ideology Position
AWP AWP logo 2022.png General Water Board Party
Algemene Waterschapspartij
Apoliticism Syncretic
WN Water natuurlijk logo.jpg Water Natuurlijk Green politics Centre-left

Caribbean Netherlands

Bonaire

Political party Main ideology Position Leader Affiliation
American Intl.
PDB Bonaire Democratic Party
Partido Demokrátiko Boneriano
Social democracy Centre-left Clark Abraham
UPB Bonaire Patriotic Union
Union Patriótiko Boneriano
Christian democracy Centre James Kroon ODCA CDI
MPB Bonaire People's Movement
Movementu di Pueblo Boneriano
Christian socialism Centre Elvis Tjin Asjoe
FSP Social Progressive Front
Frente Sosial Progresivo
Social democracy Centre-left Robby Beukenboom

Saba

Political party Main ideology Position Leader American
affiliation
SLP Saba Labour Party Social democracy Centre-left Monique Wilson
WIPM Windward Islands People's Movement Christian democracy Centre Rolando Wilson ODCA

Sint Eustatius

Political party Main ideology Position Leader
DP Democratic Party Christian democracy Centre Adelka Spanner
PLP Progressive Labour Party Social democracy Centre-left Rechelline Leerdam

Defunct political parties

History and evolution of all Dutch political parties to ever have had seats in the House of Representatives. Evolution of Dutch political parties since 1888.svg
History and evolution of all Dutch political parties to ever have had seats in the House of Representatives.

See also

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Politics of the Netherlands</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Anti-Revolutionary Party</span> Dutch political party

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Socialist Party (Netherlands)</span> Dutch political party

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pacifist Socialist Party</span> Political party in Netherlands

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Communist Party of the Netherlands</span> Political party in the Netherlands (1909–91)

The Communist Party of the Netherlands was a communist party in the Netherlands. The party was founded in 1909 as the Social Democratic Party (SDP) and merged with the Pacifist Socialist Party, the Political Party of Radicals and the Evangelical People's Party in 1991, forming the GroenLinks. Members opposed to the merger founded the New Communist Party of the Netherlands.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Political parties in Flanders</span>

Flemish political parties operate in the whole Flemish Community, which covers the unilingual Flemish Region and the bilingual Brussels-Capital Region. In the latter, they compete with French-speaking parties that all also operate in Wallonia. There are very few parties that operate on a national level in Belgium. Flanders generally tends to vote for right-wing, conservative parties, whereas in French-speaking Belgium the socialist party is usually the most successful one.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">New Communist Party of the Netherlands</span> Political party in the Netherlands

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Party for the Animals</span> Dutch political party

The Party for the Animals is a political party in the Netherlands. Among its main goals are animal rights and animal welfare. The PvdD was founded in 2002 as a single-issue party for animal rights, opposing animal cruelty and the treatment of animals in agriculture. The party then developed into a left-wing, ecological party.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Political Party of Radicals</span> Political party in Netherlands

The Political Party of Radicals was a Christian-radical and green political party in the Netherlands. The PPR played a relatively small role in Dutch politics and merged with other left-wing parties to form GroenLinks in 1991.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Revolutionary Socialist Party (Netherlands)</span> Defunct political party in the Netherlands

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Social Democratic Workers' Party (Netherlands)</span> Former political party in the Netherlands

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Communist Unity Movement of the Netherlands (Marxist–Leninist)</span> Political party in the Netherlands

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