Laurens Dassen

Last updated

    Laurens Dassen
    Laurens Dassen.png
    Dassen in 2021
    Leader of Volt Netherlands
    in the House of Representatives
    Assumed office
    31 March 2021

    Laurens Antonius Josephus Maria Dassen (born 19 October 1985) is a Dutch politician and former banker. Dassen grew up in Knegsel, studied business administration at Radboud University Nijmegen and worked for ABN AMRO for six years. He has been a member of Volt Netherlands since its foundation in 2018 and was elected to the House of Representatives as his party's lijsttrekker in the 2021 general election.

    Contents

    Early life and career

    Dassen was born in 1985 in Eindhoven and grew up in the nearby village Knegsel, North Brabant. [1] [2] His father worked as a manager for Philips, and his mother was a primary school teacher. [3] Dassen has an older sister and a younger brother, and he attended the Veldhoven secondary school Sondervick College, earning his havo diploma in 2003. [3] [4] In his youth, he played football at the Knegselse Boys, and he played the baritone horn in a youth orchestra. [2] [3]

    After finishing secondary school, Dassen went to the Eindhoven Fontys University of Applied Sciences but quit after a year to study international economics at Maastricht University. In 2005, when he had not passed enough first-year courses, he switched to Radboud University in Nijmegen, where he graduated in 2011 with a degree in business administration. [5] [6] [7] While a student, Dassen was a member of the student association N.S.V. Carolus Magnus, interned at an IT company in India for half a year, and participated in the 2009 edition of Harvard Model United Nations as part of the United Netherlands delegation. [8] [9] [10]

    In 2012, following his graduation, Dassen took a job at ABN AMRO. He was initially involved in risk management and in the prevention of money laundering and terrorism financing, and he was posted to Dubai for five months. Dassen later worked on web and app development at the bank. [5] [6] [11] He left his job in September 2018 but returned part-time for a few months in 2020. [8] [12]

    Politics

    Dassen's transition to political life was caused by a variety of factors, including increased nationalism and populism, Brexit and the election of Donald Trump as President of the United States. [11] Unable to find an established political party that fit him, he joined Volt Europa, who were seeking to form a Dutch wing, in February 2018 and became a volunteer. [3] [5] Dassen was one of the people who founded Volt Netherlands on 23 June 2018 and started serving as its treasurer. [2] [13] He quit his job at ABN AMRO in September to focus on politics full-time and also became Volt's secretary. [13] [12] Dassen succeeded Reinier van Lanschot as party chair on 15 December 2018, when Van Lanschot was chosen as the party's lijsttrekker for the 2019 European Parliament election. [3] [13] Dassen himself was listed third on the Volt Netherlands party list. The party received 1.93% of the vote, not enough to meet the threshold for a seat in the European Parliament. [14]

    House of Representatives

    On 6 June 2020, Dassen was chosen as Volt's top candidate for the 2021 Dutch general election. [15] The Volt campaign focused on European, cross-border solutions for climate change, migration, security, and social inequality. [16] [17] Dassen rejected attempts to place him on the left–right political spectrum, dismissing it as "old politics". [18] Volt won three seats in the election, resulting in Dassen being sworn in as member of the House of Representatives on 31 March. [19] He stated that his party, being a newcomer, was not open to joining a new governing coalition. [20] During 2022 budget debates, a motion by Volt and coalition party D66 was carried by the House to appropriate €100 million to provide lunches in school. [21]

    Dassen made various proposals in his first term to lower corruption and raise trust in the Dutch political system. In September 2021, Dassen and fellow members of parliament successfully called through a motion, which was adopted by the House, for a two-year period during which cabinet members could not fill a lobbying position following the end of their term. It was in reaction to recommendations by GRECO and to Minister Cora van Nieuwenhuizen stepping down to work as an energy lobbyist. [22] Dassen launched a plan with independent politician Pieter Omtzigt in May 2022 to combat corruption among cabinet members and other high-ranking government officials. Their proposal included the expansion of the integrity rules, the introduction of a code of conduct and an authority that enforces it, and the creation of a lobby register that includes meetings. [23] A motion to introduce the register was carried, but Minister of the Interior and Kingdom Relations Hanke Bruins Slot refused to execute it. [24] De Volkskrant reported that some of the other proposals of Omtzigt and Dassen were used by Minister Bruins Slot in her bill for a two-year lobbying ban for former cabinet members. The sanctions they had suggested in case of breaching the rules, however, were not included. [25] Furthermore, Dassen suggested together with Gert-Jan Segers (CU) that trust in the Dutch political system should be increase by strengthening the House's ability to gather information and by raising the number of seats in the House from 150 to 200. [26] Dassen presented a policy paper on political reform with Segers's successor – Mirjam Bikker – in August 2023. It contained three plans: to increase the size of the House from 150 to 250 seats, to involve the parliament earlier in bills initiated by the cabinet, and to organize more debates on long-term issues such as the effects of artificial intelligence (AI). Dassen argued the responsibilities of members of parliament had grown, partly due to social media. [27]

    During Dassen's tenure as caucus leader, the party suspended House member Nilüfer Gündoğan from its caucus following allegations of unacceptable behavior. When she was definitively expelled in February 2022 after an investigation, Gündoğan filed a criminal complaint for defamation against Dassen, Volt, and the accusers. [28] A judge determined that the expulsion had been unjust, and Dassen subsequently apologized to Gündoğan but later stated that the conflict could only be resolved after the withdrawal of her criminal complaint. [29] [30] Her expulsion was finally reinstated in March following a vote by the caucus, in which Dassen supported the move calling their relationship "permanently broken". [31] [32] The conflict caused Dassen's approval rating among Volt voters to drop from 96% to 74% according to a poll by EenVandaag and Ipsos. [33] An appellate court ruled in 2023 that the expulsion had been correct, reversing the lower court's decision. [34]

    When the collapse of the fourth Rutte cabinet triggered a snap election for November 2023, Dassen indicated his intention to become lead candidate once again. Volt's board nominated him for the post and the party's members affirmed the decision with 98% in support. [35] [36] At the party conference, Dassen said radical choices are necessary to mitigate climate change and to reform the Dutch tax system. He advocated for replacing all government benefits by a limited basic income that would later be expanded to a true universal basic income. He also campaigned on a cancellation of debts by the government for those struggling with problematic debts. [37] [38]

    Committee memberships

    • Committee for Defense
    • Committee for Digital Affairs
    • Committee for Economic Affairs and Climate Policy
    • Commitete for Education, Culture and Science
    • Committee for European Affairs
    • Committee for Finance
    • Committee for Foreign Affairs
    • Committee for Health, Welfare and Sport
    • Committee for Infrastructure and Water Management
    • Committee for the Interior
    • Committee for Social Affairs and Employment
    • Contact Group France
    • Contact Group Germany
    • Procedure Committee
    • Public Expenditure Committee [1]

    Personal life

    Following his studies in Nijmegen, Dassen lived in Rotterdam before moving to Amsterdam, when he became a web and app developer at ABN AMRO. He left Amsterdam after eleven years in favor of The Hague in September 2021, while a member of parliament. [1] [2] [39] He met his girlfriend Britte while studying, and their son was born in 2023. [12] [40] [41]

    Electoral history

    Electoral history of Laurens Dassen
    YearBodyPartyPos.VotesResultRef.
    Party seatsIndividual
    2021 House of Representatives Volt Netherlands 1135,2723Won [42]
    2023 House of RepresentativesVolt Netherlands197,9992Won [43]

    Related Research Articles

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">2021 Dutch general election</span>

    General elections were held in the Netherlands from 15 to 17 March 2021 to elect all 150 members of the House of Representatives. Following the elections and lengthy coalition formation talks, the sitting government remained in power.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Liane den Haan</span> Dutch politician and nonprofit director

    Natalia Liane den Haan is a Dutch politician and former nonprofit director, who has been a member of the House of Representatives since 2021.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">2023 Dutch general election</span>

    Early general elections were held in the Netherlands on 22 November 2023 to elect the members of the House of Representatives. The elections had been expected to be held in 2025 but a snap election was called after the fourth Rutte cabinet collapsed on 7 July 2023 due to immigration policy disagreements between the coalition parties. The incumbent prime minister Mark Rutte announced that he would not lead his party into the election and that he would retire from politics.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Volt Netherlands</span> Dutch political party

    Volt Netherlands is a social liberal political party in the Netherlands. It is the Dutch chapter of Volt Europa, a political movement that operates on a European level.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Don Ceder</span> Dutch lawyer and politician (born 1989)

    Don Guno Maria Ceder is a Dutch lawyer and politician, serving as a member of House of Representatives since the 2021 general election.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Nilüfer Gündoğan</span> Turkish-Dutch politician (born 1977)

    Nilüfer Gündoğan is a Dutch politician, who was a member of the House of Representatives. She was elected to the House in the 2021 general election on behalf of Volt Netherlands. In February 2022, she was suspended from its parliamentary group following internal reports of unacceptable behavior. Gündoğan had before worked as a consultant and manager.

    Marieke Koekkoek is a Dutch lawyer and politician for the pro-European party Volt Netherlands. She was elected to the House of Representatives in the 2021 general election owing to the number of preference votes she received. Prior to being a member of parliament, she studied law and worked as a legal intern.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Barbara Kathmann</span> Dutch politician

    Barbara Catharina Kathmann is a Dutch politician, serving as a member of the House of Representatives since 2021. She is a member of the Labour Party (PvdA). Before being elected to the House, she served as a municipal councilor and alderwoman in her hometown Rotterdam. Kathmann has also worked in media and at two nonprofit organizations.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Derk Boswijk</span> Dutch politician (born 1989)

    Derk Geertsz Boswijk is a Dutch politician serving as a member of the House of Representatives since the 2021 general election. A member of the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA), he previously held a seat in the States of Utrecht from 2015 to 2021 and chaired his party's caucus during the last two of those years.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Kiki Hagen</span> Dutch politician (born 1987)

    Kiki Babette Hagen is a Dutch politician of the Democrats 66 (D66) and an elementary school teacher. She has been a member of the House of Representatives since the 2021 general election. She previously served as an alderwoman in the municipality De Ronde Venen. From 2011 to 2013 and from 2014 to 2018, she held a seat in the municipal council of that same municipality.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Stephan van Baarle</span> Dutch politician (born 1991)

    Stephan Ruben Tobias van Baarle is a Dutch politician. A member of the minority interest party DENK, he served on the Rotterdam municipal council from 2018 to 2022. He was elected to the House of Representatives in 2021 and succeeded Farid Azarkan as DENK's parliamentary leader two years later.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Ruben Brekelmans</span> Dutch politician (born 1986)

    Ruben Pieter Brekelmans is a Dutch politician who has served as a member of the House of Representatives since 2021 on behalf of the conservative-liberal People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD). He previously worked as a political assistant and civil servant at a few government ministries. As a parliamentarian, he focuses his work on foreign affairs and migration.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">2021–2022 Dutch cabinet formation</span>

    A process of cabinet formation took place following the 2021 Dutch general election, leading to the formation of the Fourth Rutte cabinet in 2022. The coalition consisted of People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD), Democrats 66 (D66), Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) and Christian Union (CU), the same parties that formed the preceding Third Rutte cabinet. At 299 days, it was the longest formation in Dutch history.

    Adriaan Harry John "Daan" de Kort is a Dutch politician of the conservative liberal People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD). Born in Veldhoven, he served on that town's municipal council starting in 2014, and he became an alderman four years later. He was elected to the House of Representatives in the 2021 Dutch general election.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Henri Bontenbal</span> Dutch politician (born 1982)

    Henri Bontenbal is a Dutch politician and energy consultant who has served in the House of Representatives since 18 January 2022. He is a member of the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA).

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Mark Strolenberg</span> Dutch politician (born 1979)

    Mark Frans Strolenberg is a Dutch politician of the conservative liberal People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD). He founded an Internet company at the age of eighteen and later worked as an IT professional for different companies. Strolenberg, born and raised in Hoogeveen, served on the town's municipal council next to his job between 2009 and 2021, and he has been a member of his local water authority in the years 2004–23 with a short hiatus. He unsuccessfully ran for member of the House of Representatives in the March 2021 general election, but he was appointed to that body in September after the resignation of Tamara van Ark.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Songül Mutluer</span> Dutch politician (born 1979)

    Songül Mutluer is a Dutch politician, serving as a member of the House of Representatives since 2022. She is a member of the Labour Party (PvdA) and has served as a Zaanstad municipal council member and alderwoman for fifteen years before. Having studied law, Mutluer has also worked as a legal professional and taught law at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam.

    In the run-up to the 2023 Dutch general election, various organisations carried out opinion polling to gauge voting intentions in the Netherlands. Results of such polls are displayed in this list.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Harmen Krul</span> Dutch politician (born 1994)

    Harmen M. Krul is a Dutch politician of the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) and a former Royal Netherlands Navy officer. Krul was mostly raised in Den Helder and joined the Royal Naval College in 2013 after graduating high school. He served as a naval officer, rising to the rank of lieutenant before becoming secretary on the boards of two professional associations for officers in 2020.

    References

    1. 1 2 3 "Laurens Dassen". Tweede Kamer der Staten-Generaal . Retrieved 19 November 2022.
    2. 1 2 3 4 Evertse, Judith (16 May 2019). "Kempisch geluid vóór Europa: 'Van Knegsel naar het Europarlement'" [Sound from Campine in support of Europe: 'From Knegsel to the European Parliament']. Eindhovens Dagblad (in Dutch). Retrieved 19 April 2021.
    3. 1 2 3 4 5 Van Bekkum, Dylan (18 March 2021). "Volt-leider Laurens Dassen: verknocht aan het dorpse verenigingsleven, inspirator van een partij voor heel Europa" [Volt leader Laurens Dassen: devoted to social life in his village, inspirer of a party for all of Europe]. De Volkskrant (in Dutch). Retrieved 21 April 2021.
    4. ↑ "Geslaagd" [Graduated]. Eindhovens Dagblad (in Dutch). 19 June 2013.
    5. 1 2 3 Kosterman, Ron (17 April 2021). "Het idee achter Volt is zo volstrekt logisch" [The idea behind Volt is extremely logical]. Elsevier Weekblad (in Dutch). Vol. 77, no. 16. p. 38.
    6. 1 2 Te Bogt, Arjan (9 March 2021). "Volt wil de politiek opschudden: 'Denken in links en rechts is iets uit de vorige eeuw'" [Volt wants to shake up politics: 'Thinking in terms of left and right is something from last century']. Tubantia (in Dutch). Retrieved 21 April 2021.
    7. ↑ "Afl. 11" [Ep. 11]. Weet ik veel. Season 12 (in Dutch). 13 November 2022. Event occurs at 00:02:46. RTL 4 . Retrieved 19 November 2022.
    8. 1 2 Bouma, Hilda (22 March 2021). "Bankier Dassen was blut, en zit nu in de Tweede Kamer" [Banker Dassen used to be broke and is now a member of the House of Representatives]. Het Financieele Dagblad (in Dutch). Retrieved 21 April 2021.
    9. ↑ Van der Putten, Johan (31 December 2020). "Vroeger voetbalde Laurens Dassen in de Kempen, nu mikt hij op de Tweede Kamer in Den Haag" [Laurens Dassen used to play football in the Campine, now he aims for the House of Representatives in the Hague]. Eindhovens Dagblad (in Dutch). Retrieved 19 April 2021.
    10. ↑ De Koning, Petra (10 February 2023). "Het waren maanden van vallen en opstaan. 'Ik had het gevoel dat alles waar ik voor stond in twijfel werd getrokken'" [They were months with ups and downs. 'I felt like all I stood for was being doubted']. NRC (in Dutch). Retrieved 4 March 2023.
    11. 1 2 "Volt-lijsttrekker Laurens Dassen: 'Een premier moet af en toe ook keuzes durven maken die zijn eigen leven op de kop kunnen zetten!'" [Volt lijsttrekker Laurens Dassen: 'A prime minister has to make some decisions that can turn his own life upside down']. Commissie-Douwes/PowNed (in Dutch). NPO Radio 1. 24 February 2021. Retrieved 22 April 2021.
    12. 1 2 3 Julen, Jeannine; Markus, Niels (30 March 2021). "Wie zijn Laurens Dassen en Caroline van der Plas, nieuwe stemmen in de Tweede Kamer?" [Who are Laurens Dassen and Caroline van der Plas, new voices in the House of Representatives?]. Trouw (in Dutch). Retrieved 21 April 2021.
    13. 1 2 3 "Secretarieel Jaarverslag" [Secretarial Annual Report](PDF) (in Dutch). Volt Netherlands. pp. 2 and 3. Retrieved 20 April 2021– via ANBI.nl.
    14. ↑ "Uitslag Europees Parlementsverkiezing 2019" [Results 2019 European Parliament election](PDF) (in Dutch). Kiesraad. 4 June 2019. Retrieved 22 April 2021.
    15. ↑ Valk, Guus; De Koning, Petra (13 March 2022). "Wat was het ongewenste gedrag van Nilüfer Gündogan?" [What was Nilüfer Gündoğan's unacceptable behavior?]. NRC (in Dutch). Retrieved 29 May 2022.
    16. ↑ Al Ali, Wafa (28 February 2021). "Europese Volt rekent op een zetel in Den Haag" [European party Volt counts on a seat in The Hague]. NRC (in Dutch). Retrieved 4 March 2021.
    17. ↑ "Volt doet met Europees programma mee aan Nederlandse verkiezingen: 'Heel andere kijk van politiek'" [Volt participates in Dutch elections with a European platform: 'Completely different way of looking at politics']. WNL (in Dutch). 15 February 2021. Retrieved 18 March 2021.
    18. ↑ Wiegman, Marcel (5 March 2021). "Voltlijsttrekker Laurens Dassen: 'Ik kom met een positief verhaal, ja'" [Volt lijsttrekker Laurens Dassen: 'I am indeed coming with a positive narrative']. Het Parool (in Dutch). Retrieved 7 March 2021.
    19. ↑ "Definitieve uitslag verkiezingen: VVD 34 zetels, D66 24 en vier nieuwe partijen" [Final election results: VVD 34 seats, D66 24 and four new parties]. RTL Nieuws (in Dutch). 26 March 2021.
    20. ↑ "Volt blijft erbij: wij willen niet in kabinet" [Volt persists: We do not want to join a cabinet]. Leeuwarder Courant (in Dutch). 4 June 2021. Retrieved 12 July 2021.
    21. ↑ "Kamer wil 100 miljoen voor gratis schoollunch in kwetsbare wijken" [House wants to spend €100 million on free school lunches in vulnerable neighborhoods]. RTL Nieuws (in Dutch). 23 September 2022. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
    22. ↑ Korteweg, Ariejan (15 September 2021). "Kamer wil lobbyverbod voor bewindspersonen, maar nu echt" [House wants lobbying ban for cabinet members, but now really]. de Volkskrant (in Dutch). Retrieved 2 October 2021.
    23. ↑ Wieringa, Rein (10 May 2022). "Omtzigt en Dassen komen met streng integriteitsplan" [Omtzigt and Dassen will introduce strict integrity plan]. NRC (in Dutch). Retrieved 15 May 2022.
    24. ↑ Wolzak, Marine (10 May 2023). "Frustratie over besluit kabinet geen lobbyregister in te voeren" [Frustration about cabinet decision to not introduce a lobby register]. Het Financieele Dagblad (in Dutch). Retrieved 23 May 2023.
    25. ↑ Korteweg, Ariejan (1 January 2023). "Kabinet legt eigen lobbyruimte aan banden, Kamerleden en ambtenaren houden nog vrij spel" [Cabinet restricts its own lobbying possibilities, House members and officials remain in the clear]. de Volkskrant (in Dutch). Retrieved 11 January 2023.
    26. ↑ "ChristenUnie en Volt: grotere Kamer, meer inhoudelijke debatten" [Christian Union and Volt: Larger House, more debates about policy]. Nederlands Dagblad (in Dutch). ANP. 16 June 2022. Retrieved 8 July 2022.
    27. ↑ Valk, Guus (29 August 2023). "Volt en ChristenUnie willen Tweede Kamer uitbreiden naar 250 zetels" [Volt and Christian Union want to expand House of Representatives to 250 seats]. NRC (in Dutch). Retrieved 9 September 2023.
    28. ↑ "Gündoğan doet aangifte tegen Volt wegens smaad en laster" [Gündoğan files criminal complaint against Volt for defamation]. RTL Nieuws. 26 February 2022. Retrieved 20 March 2022.
    29. ↑ "Volt draait uit fractie zetten en schorsen Gündogan terug en wil in gesprek" [Volt turns back expulsion of Gündoğan and wants dialogue]. NU.nl . 9 March 2022. Retrieved 20 March 2022.
    30. ↑ "Volt-bestuur: pas verzoening als Gündogan aangiftes intrekt" [Volt leadership: Only reconciliation if Gündoğan withdraws criminal complaints]. Nederlands Dagblad (in Dutch). ANP. 15 March 2022. Retrieved 20 March 2022.
    31. ↑ Valk, Guus; De Koning, Petra (22 March 2022). "Volt stuurt Gündogan weg, in de zaal ernaast zingt de SGP" [Volt sends away Gündoğan, the SGP is singing in the adjoining room]. NRC (in Dutch). Retrieved 17 April 2022.
    32. ↑ Julen, Jeannine (22 March 2022). "Volt zet Gündogan officieel uit de Kamerfractie – 'de relatie is duurzaam ontwricht'" [Volt suspends Gündoğan officially from House caucus - 'the relationship has been permanently broken']. Trouw. Retrieved 17 April 2022.
    33. ↑ Lubbe, Rozemarijn (29 March 2022). "Gündoğan volgens grootste groep Volt-kiezers terecht uit fractie gezet, affaire kost partij wel 3 zetels" [Gündoğan rightly expelled from the caucus according to majority of Volt voters, scandal does cause a three seat lost]. EenVandaag (in Dutch). Retrieved 17 April 2022.
    34. ↑ "Hof oordeelt in voordeel Volt: partij mocht Gündogan uit Kamerfractie zetten" [Appellate court rules in favor of Volt: Party was allowed to expel Gündoğan from House caucus]. NOS (in Dutch). 7 February 2023. Retrieved 4 March 2023.
    35. ↑ "Volt-bestuur wil opnieuw Laurens Dassen als lijsttrekker" [Volt board wants Dassen to be lead candidate again]. NOS (in Dutch). 19 July 2023. Retrieved 13 August 2023.
    36. ↑ Schmidt, Christoph (31 July 2023). "Laurens Dassen opnieuw lijsttrekker van Volt. 'Tijd voor een Europese politiek die keuzes durft te maken'" [Laurens Dassen again Volt's lead candidate. 'Time for a European politics that dares to make choices']. Trouw (in Dutch). Retrieved 13 August 2023.
    37. ↑ "Dassen wil met Volt als 'breekijzer' oude systemen vervangen" [Dassen wants to replace old systems with Volt as 'catalyst']. Leidsch Dagblad (in Dutch). ANP. 23 September 2023. Retrieved 6 October 2023.
    38. ↑ "Volt wil radicale veranderingen en 'ander mensbeeld'" [Volt wants radical change and a 'different view of people']. NOS (in Dutch). 5 September 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
    39. ↑ "Dassen: Het is alle hens aan dek met de gascrisis, maar de urgentie ontbreekt" [Dassen: It is all hands on deck with the gas crisis, but the urgency is missing]. Newsroom Den Haag (in Dutch). 24 June 2022. BNR Nieuwsradio . Retrieved 9 June 2022.
    40. ↑ Van der Kloor, Robin (27 March 2022). "Voormalig bankier Laurens Dassen worstelt als Volt-leider met de kwestie-Gündogan: 'Hij valt op door niet op te vallen'" [Former banker Laurens Dassen wrestles with Gündoğan conflict as Volt leader: 'He is noticeable by being hardly noticeable']. De Limburger (in Dutch). Retrieved 17 April 2022.
    41. ↑ Dassen, Laurens [@laurens.dassen] (7 May 2023). "Ons kleine Dasje❤️ Mama en zoon maken het goed. We zijn sinds vorige week onwijs aan het genieten samen!🍀🤗" [Our little Dassen❤️ Mommy and son are doing good. They have been njoying each other's company immensely since last week!🍀🤗] (in Dutch). Retrieved 23 May 2023– via Instagram.
    42. ↑ "Proces-verbaal verkiezingsuitslag Tweede Kamer 2021" [Report of the election results House of Representatives 2021](PDF). Dutch Electoral Council (in Dutch). 29 March 2021. pp. 153–154. Retrieved 21 December 2023.
    43. ↑ "Proces-verbaal van de uitslag van de verkiezing van de Tweede Kamer der Staten-Generaal 2023 d.d. 4 december 2023" [Report of the results of the election of the House of Representatives on 4 December 2023](PDF). Dutch Electoral Council (in Dutch). 4 December 2023. pp. 113–114. Retrieved 21 December 2023.
    This page is based on this Wikipedia article
    Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
    Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.