2012 Dutch general election

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2012 Dutch general election
Flag of the Netherlands.svg
←  2010 12 September 2012 (2012-09-12) 2017  →
All 150 seats in the House of Representatives
76 seats needed for a majority
Turnout74.6% (Decrease2.svg 0.8 pp)
PartyLeaderVote %Seats+/–
VVD Mark Rutte 26.5841+10
PvdA Diederik Samsom 24.8438+8
PVV Geert Wilders 10.0815−9
SP Emile Roemer 9.65150
CDA Sybrand van Haersma Buma 8.5113−8
D66 Alexander Pechtold 8.0312+2
CU Arie Slob 3.1350
GL Jolande Sap 2.334−6
SGP Kees van der Staaij 2.093+1
PvdD Marianne Thieme 1.9320
50+ Henk Krol 1.882New
This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.
Tweede Kamerverkiezingen 2012.svg
Strongest political party by municipality
Cabinet beforeCabinet after
First Rutte cabinet
VVD–CDA 		Second Rutte cabinet
VVD–PvdA

Early general elections were held in the Netherlands on 12 September 2012 [1] after Prime Minister Mark Rutte handed in his government's resignation to Queen Beatrix on 23 April. The 150 seats of the House of Representatives were contested using party-list proportional representation. The People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) received a plurality of the votes, followed by the Labour Party (PvdA).

Contents

Prior to the election, polls had predicted an increase in support for the Socialist Party, primarily at the expense of the PvdA, [2] but the PvdA regained support during the campaign, which was attributed to the leadership of Diederik Samsom [3] and in the election the Socialist Party failed to improve its performance. The Party for Freedom (PVV) and Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) both lost seats.

After 49 days of negotiations, a new VVD-PvdA centrist government was formed on 5 November 2012, comprising Mark Rutte as prime minister along with 7 VVD ministers and 6 PvdA ministers. [4]

It was the first Netherlands-wide election in which the Caribbean Netherlands participated. [5]

Background

Prime Minister Mark Rutte's government fell after the Party for Freedom (PVV), which had supported the government from outside, refused to sanction the austerity measures the government sought in April 2012. [6] This called for a new early election to be held in September 2012. It is the fourth early election in a row since the Second Kok cabinet fell very near the end of its mandate, which allowed that government to keep the election date to be held as scheduled by the term in May 2002. Early elections were subsequently held in January 2003, November 2006, June 2010 and September 2012. And during that time a total of five governments ended prematurely, as it was possible for the Third Balkenende cabinet (July–November 2006) to be formed without a new election.

Participating parties

In addition to the established parties of Dutch politics, the pensioners' party 50PLUS, founded in 2009, won its first seats in the election.

The Pirate Party claimed that it may enter parliament for the first time with 2 or 3 seats. [7] However, the party achieved only 0.3% of the national vote and no seats.

Hero Brinkman, elected on the Party for Freedom's list, split from the party in March 2012 and founded the Independent Citizens' Party in April 2012 to run in the election on his own. [8] In June 2012, the party merged with Proud of the Netherlands (a party founded by Rita Verdonk, who had resigned from the position of party leader [9] ) to form the Democratic Political Turning Point, with Brinkman as leader. The party achieved 0.1% of the national vote and no seats.

ListPartyAbbreviationLeaderDetails [10] [11]
1 People's Party for Freedom and Democracy
(Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie)		VVD Mark Rutte
2 Labour Party
(Partij van de Arbeid)		PvdA Diederik Samsom Apparentment with GL and SP
3 Party for Freedom
(Partij voor de Vrijheid)		PVV Geert Wilders
4 Christian Democratic Appeal
(Christen-Democratisch Appèl)		CDA Sybrand van Haersma Buma
5 Socialist Party
(Socialistische Partij)		SP Emile Roemer Apparentment with GL and PvdA
6 Democrats 66
(Democraten 66)		D66 Alexander Pechtold
7 GreenLeft
(GroenLinks)		GL Jolande Sap Apparentment with PvdA and SP
8 ChristianUnion
(ChristenUnie)		CU Arie Slob Apparentment with SGP
9 Reformed Political Party
(Staatkundig Gereformeerde Partij)		SGP Kees van der Staaij Apparentment with CU
10 Party for the Animals
(Partij voor de Dieren)		PvdD Marianne Thieme
11 Pirate Party
(Piratenpartij)		PPNL Dirk Poot
12 Party for Human and Spirit
(Partij voor Mens en Spirit)		MenS Lea Manders Participate in all constituencies, except for the BES islands
13 Netherlands Local
(Nederland Lokaal)		NL Ton Schijvenaars
14 Libertarian Party
(Libertarische Partij)		LP Toine Manders
15 Democratic Political Turning Point
(Democratisch Politiek Keerpunt)		DPK Hero Brinkman Merger of Trots with OBP
16 50PLUS 50+ Henk Krol
17 Liberal Democratic Party
(Liberaal Democratische Partij)		LibDem Sammy van Tuyll van Serooskerken Participate in all constituencies, except for the BES islands
18 Anti-Europe Party
(Anti Europa Partij)		AeuP Arnold Reinten
19 Sovereign Independent Pioneers Netherlands
(Soeverein Onafhankelijke Pioniers Nederland)		SOPN Johan Oldenkamp Participate in all constituencies, except for the BES islands
20 Party of the Future
(Partij van de Toekomst)		PvdT Johan Vlemmix Participate in all constituencies, except for the BES islands
21 Political Party NXD
(Politieke Partij NXD)		 Anil Samlal Participate only in constituency 9

Polls

2012 Dutch general election
DatePolling
firm		 VVD PvdA PVV CDA SP D66 GL CU SGP PvdD 50 Plus Pirate
9 June 2010 2010 Election 20.4%
(31)		19.6%
(30)		15.5%
(24)		13.7%
(21)		9.9%
(15)		6.9%
(10)		6.6%
(10)		3.3%
(5)		1.7%
(2)		1.3%
(2)		–
(0)		0.1%
(0)
22 March 2012 [12] Ipsos
Neth.		22.1%
(34)		16.8%
(26)		13.9%
(21)		9.4%
(14)		16.8%
(26)		7.7%
(11)		4.5%
(7)		3.3%
(5)		1.5%
(2)		2.4%
(4)		1.1%
(1)		—
5 April 2012 [12] Ipsos
Neth.		23.6%
(36)		17.1%
(26)		13.3%
(20)		8.8%
(13)		16.3%
(25)		8.7%
(13)		4.1%
(6)		3.2%
(5)		1.4%
(2)		2.0%
(3)		0.8%
(1)		—
19 April 2012 [13] Ipsos
Neth.		24.0%
(37)		17.3%
(27)		12.0%
(18)		8.2%
(12)		17.0%
(26)		8.8%
(13)		3.5%
(5)		3.3%
(5)		1.6%
(2)		3.1%
(4)		0.8%
(1)		—
27 April 2012 [13] Ipsos
Neth.		22.4%
(34)		16.5%
(25)		12.1%
(18)		8.4%
(13)		17.2%
(26)		10.6%
(16)		3.3%
(5)		4.0%
(6)		1.7%
(2)		2.2%
(3)		0.8%
(1)		—
5 May 2012 [14] Ipsos
Neth.		22.9%
(35)		14.7%
(23)		11.4%
(17)		9.0%
(14)		18.5%
(28)		10.1%
(15)		4.1%
(6)		3.6%
(5)		1.4%
(2)		2.9%
(4)		0.8%
(1)		—
12 May 2012 [14] Ipsos
Neth.		21.4%
(33)		14.5%
(22)		12.7%
(19)		10.3%
(16)		18.5%
(28)		9.9%
(15)		3.8%
(5)		3.9%
(6)		1.3%
(2)		2.5%
(3)		0.8%
(0)		—
18 May 2012 [15] Ipsos
Neth.		20.1%
(31)		16.0%
(24)		13.8%
(21)		10.7%
(16)		17.3%
(27)		9.8%
(15)		3.8%
(5)		3.4%
(5)		1.4%
(2)		2.5%
(3)		0.7%
(0)		—
25 May 2012 [15] Ipsos
Neth.		19.8%
(30)		16.2%
(25)		13.4%
(20)		10.3%
(16)		17.5%
(27)		10.3%
(16)		3.8%
(5)		3.7%
(5)		1.4%
(2)		2.3%
(3)		0.8%
(1)		—
2 June 2012 [16] Ipsos
Neth.		21.0%
(32)		15.3%
(24)		14.1%
(22)		9.4%
(14)		17.6%
(27)		9.7%
(15)		3.7%
(5)		3.4%
(5)		1.6%
(2)		2.3%
(3)		0.8%
(1)		—
15 June 2012 [16] Ipsos
Neth.		22.3%
(34)		15.5%
(24)		15.3%
(23)		8.0%
(12)		16.6%
(25)		9.6%
(15)		3.3%
(5)		4.0%
(6)		1.4%
(2)		2.1%
(3)		0.7%
(1)		—
29 June 2012 [17] Ipsos
Neth.		20.8%
(32)		15.1%
(23)		13.1%
(20)		9.4%
(14)		18.3%
(28)		9.3%
(14)		3.2%
(5)		4.5%
(7)		2.1%
(3)		2.3%
(3)		0.9%
(1)		—
6 July 2012 [17] Ipsos
Neth.		23.0%
(35)		16.0%
(25)		11.9%
(18)		9.4%
(14)		18.8%
(29)		8.7%
(13)		2.7%
(4)		3.9%
(6)		1.6%
(2)		2.4%
(3)		0.8%
(1)		—
13 July 2012 [18] Ipsos
Neth.		23.3%
(36)		14.7%
(23)		12.4%
(19)		10.5%
(16)		17.8%
(27)		8.3%
(13)		3.6%
(5)		3.6%
(5)		1.6%
(2)		2.3%
(3)		0.8%
(1)		—
27 July 2012 [18] Ipsos
Neth.		22.2%
(35)		14.9%
(23)		11.9%
(18)		9.5%
(15)		18.8%
(29)		9.4%
(14)		3.1%
(4)		4.5%
(6)		1.5%
(2)		1.9%
(3)		1.2%
(1)		—
10 August 2012 [19] Ipsos
Neth.		21.0%
(32)		14.3%
(22)		12.6%
(19)		9.6%
(15)		19.8%
(31)		10.2%
(15)		2.6%
(4)		4.2%
(6)		1.4%
(2)		2.5%
(3)		1.2%
(1)		—
17 August 2012 [19] Ipsos
Neth.		22.7%
(35)		14.9%
(23)		11.9%
(18)		9.0%
(14)		18.4%
(29)		9.5%
(14)		2.7%
(4)		3.4%
(5)		2.0%
(3)		2.5%
(3)		1.4%
(2)		—
24 August 2012 [20] Ipsos
Neth.		22.1%
(34)		14.0%
(22)		12.4%
(19)		9.3%
(14)		19.8%
(30)		9.5%
(14)		3.4%
(5)		3.9%
(6)		1.6%
(2)		2.0%
(3)		1.1%
(1)		—
31 August 2012 [20] Ipsos
Neth.		22.1%
(34)		16.6%
(26)		13.2%
(20)		8.9%
(13)		17.1%
(27)		9.2%
(14)		2.9%
(4)		3.5%
(5)		1.5%
(2)		2.6%
(4)		1.0%
(1)		—
3 September 2012 [21] Ipsos
Neth.		22.7%
(35)		19.3%
(30)		11.7%
(18)		9.0%
(14)		15.4%
(24)		9.5%
(14)		1.7%
(3)		3.1%
(4)		1.3%
(2)		3.0%
(4)		1.8%
(2)		—
5 September 2012 [21] Ipsos
Neth.		21.6%
(34)		20.5%
(32)		13.3%
(20)		8.0%
(12)		14.2%
(22)		8.3%
(13)		2.7%
(4)		4.1%
(6)		1.6%
(2)		2.2%
(3)		1.8%
(2)		0.6%
(0)
8 September 2012 [22] Ipsos
Neth.		22.5%
(35)		22.7%
(35)		12.3%
(19)		8.4%
(13)		13.4%
(21)		7.7%
(11)		2.9%
(4)		4.2%
(6)		1.5%
(2)		2.2%
(3)		0.7%
(1)		0.6%
(0)
11 September 2012 [23] Ipsos
Neth.		24.3
(37)		23.4
(36)		11.4%
(17)		8.8%
(13)		13.4%
(21)		6.7%
(10)		2.3%
(4)		3.7%
(5)		1.2%
(2)		2.1%
(3)		1.5%
(2)		0.3%
(0)
DatePolling
firm		 VVD PvdA PVV CDA SP D66 GL CU SGP PvdD 50 Plus Pirate

Natixis evaluated on 6 September the most recent opinion polls, and found the likelihood was strongest for the formation of a "purple government" of the pro-EU parties: VVD, CDA, D66, PvdA and, possible GL. It also pointed to other potential governing coalition that would include a pro-austerity government with VVD, CDA, D66, GL and CU; or a centre-left government of CDA, D66, GL and PvdA with a minority of seats, but with outside parliamentary support of the SP. The two largest eurosceptic parties, PVV and SP, are reportedly not interested in building a coalition. A similar scenario to the previous election could re-occur, considering no pre-election alliance will receive votes enough for majority, and thus needs to form a new more broad coalition government, comprising at least three parties. [24]

Pre-election agreements

On 27 April, the two governing coalition parties, VVD and CDA negotiated a deal to reduce the national deficit in 2013 to an acceptable level below 3% of GDP. This deal was also supported by the three opposition parties: D66, GL and the CU. [6]

A ratification of the newly signed Fiscal Compact is unconditionally supported by the four parties: VVD, CDA, D66 and GL. The compact is however opposed by the three parties: PVV, CU and SP, while the PvdA, will only support it provided that the European Commission first grant the Netherlands a two-year exemption to comply, due to the existence of "extraordinary economic circumstances." [25]

Campaign

The VVD's Mark Rutte is said to be aligned with German Chancellor Angela Merkel in promoting austerity measures, while his closest rival the PvdA's Diederik Samsom's was said to reflect French President Francois Hollande's stimulus measures from its own election this year. A final television debate took place on 11 September, with the economy reportedly the most important issue amongst voters. The day before the debate, Rutte said that he would stop delegating ever increasing powers to the European Union saying: "I am 'Mr No' when it comes to a Brussels that's expanding more and more." Conversely, Samsom said that he was in coordination with Hollande over dealing with the economic crisis. [26] Support for him and the PvdA grew after he was perceived as having the better performance in the debates. He also rejected taking cabinet posts in a coalition government saying: "I will either be prime minister, or I will lead my party in parliament." The vote was also seen as a test of the EU's popularity within the country. [27]

Political analyst Anno Bunnik said that many voters were not keen on repeated early elections. He also pointed to PVV's Geert Wilders' declining popularity after he was viewed as a political opportunist not looking out for the national interest in effectively forcing a snap election. In citing Wilders' labeling as a "sorcerer's apprentice," he also pointed to a possible first-ever loss of seats for the PVV under Wilder's helm. He attributed this to Wilders' inefficiency in the debates of responding to the other party leaders instead of setting the agenda, instead in one debate he got into an argument with Rutte with both leaders calling each other liars in an unprecedented move. [28]

Though opinion polls indicated a close race to gain a majority, [29] the international media indicated a left-leaning government was likely to emerge as a result of the election. [30] However, the French election was cited and countered as a turn in orientation for the government would still not lead to a change in austerity policies. [31]

Results

Polling station in Silvolde, Gelderland 2012-13 tk verkiezingen.JPG
Polling station in Silvolde, Gelderland
The largest party in each municipality Tweede Kamerverkiezingen 2012.png
The largest party in each municipality

There was a turn-out of 74.6%, about one percent less than the previous election two years before. The NOS reported the following results after 100% of the votes were counted: [32]

The Kiesraad announced the final results on 17 September. [33] [34]

2012 Dutch General Election.svg
PartyVotes%Seats+/–
People's Party for Freedom and Democracy 2,504,94826.5841+10
Labour Party 2,340,75024.8438+8
Party for Freedom 950,26310.0815–9
Socialist Party 909,8539.65150
Christian Democratic Appeal 801,6208.5113–8
Democrats 66 757,0918.0312+2
Christian Union 294,5863.1350
GroenLinks 219,8962.334–6
Reformed Political Party 196,7802.093+1
Party for the Animals 182,1621.9320
50PLUS 177,6311.882New
Pirate Party 30,6000.3200
Party for Human and Spirit 18,3100.1900
Sovereign Independent Pioneers Netherlands12,9820.140New
Party of the Future 8,1940.090New
Democratic Political Turning Point 7,3630.080New
Libertarian Party 4,1630.040New
Netherlands Local2,8420.030New
Liberal Democratic Party 2,1260.020New
Anti-Europe Party2,0130.020New
Political Party NXD620.000New
Total9,424,235100.001500
Valid votes9,424,23599.60
Invalid/blank votes37,9880.40
Total votes9,462,223100.00
Registered voters/turnout12,689,81074.57
Source: Kiesraad [35]
Popular vote
VVD
 
26.58%
PvdA
 
24.84%
PVV
 
10.08%
SP
 
9.65%
CDA
 
8.51%
D66
 
8.03%
CU
 
3.13%
GL
 
2.33%
SGP
 
2.09%
PvdD
 
1.93%
50+
 
1.88%
Other
 
0.94%
Parliamentary seats
VVD
 
27.33%
PvdA
 
25.33%
PVV
 
10.00%
SP
 
10.00%
CDA
 
8.67%
D66
 
8.00%
CU
 
3.33%
GL
 
2.67%
SGP
 
2.00%
PvdD
 
1.33%
50+
 
1.33%

By province

Results by province [36]
Province VVD PvdA PVV SP CDA D66 CU GL SGP PvdD 50+ Others
Flag of Drenthe.svg  Drenthe 23.732.88.39.19.85.94.21.80.71.51.40.8
Flag of Flevoland.svg  Flevoland 28.723.312.48.36.45.84.61.73.62.02.11.1
Frisian flag.svg  Friesland 19.933.17.39.513.85.14.91.70.91.61.11.1
Flag of Gelderland.svg  Gelderland 25.724.38.69.69.67.64.12.44.01.71.60.8
Flag of Groningen.svg  Groningen 17.135.37.111.77.77.65.82.80.72.01.21.0
Flag of Limburg.svg  Limburg 22.721.817.714.49.76.30.51.80.11.82.21.0
North Brabant-Flag.svg  North Brabant 28.821.511.013.89.17.80.91.80.51.62.40.8
Flag of North Holland.svg  North Holland 29.327.08.78.45.610.31.43.10.32.62.21.1
Flag of Overijssel.svg  Overijssel 23.124.78.19.313.76.66.21.73.01.31.50.8
Flag of Zuid-Holland.svg  South Holland 28.323.511.67.57.08.23.52.23.22.22.00.8
Utrecht (province)-Flag.svg  Utrecht 29.622.57.96.67.410.94.43.62.71.91.60.9
Flag of Zeeland.svg  Zeeland 24.222.710.09.19.64.94.21.69.51.81.60.8
Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Caribbean Netherlands 18.224.02.87.516.316.74.42.60.42.42.02.7

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The first Rutte cabinet, also called the Rutte–Verhagen cabinet was the executive branch of the government of the Netherlands from 14 October 2010 until 5 November 2012. The cabinet was formed by the conservative-liberal People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) and the Christian-democratic Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) after the election of 2010. The cabinet was a right-wing coalition and had a minority in the House of Representatives but had confidence and supply from the Party for Freedom (PVV) for a slim majority with Liberal Leader Mark Rutte serving as Prime Minister. Christian Democratic Leader Maxime Verhagen served as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Economic Affairs, Agriculture and Innovation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2017 Dutch general election</span>

General elections were held in the Netherlands on Wednesday 15 March 2017 to elect all 150 members of the House of Representatives.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2015 Dutch provincial elections</span>

Provincial elections were held in the Netherlands on Wednesday 18 March 2015. Eligible voters elected the members of the States-Provincial in the twelve provinces. These elections also indirectly determined the members of the Senate, since the 566 members of the twelve States-Provincial will elect the Senate's 75 members in the Senate election on 26 May 2015. These provincial election were held on the same day as the 2015 Dutch water boards elections.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2021 Dutch general election</span>

General elections were held in the Netherlands from 15 to 17 March 2021 to elect all 150 members of the House of Representatives. Following the elections and lengthy coalition formation talks, the sitting government remained in power.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Third Rutte cabinet</span> Cabinet of the Netherlands, 2017 to 2022

The third Rutte cabinet was the cabinet of the Netherlands from 26 October 2017 until 10 January 2022. It was formed by a coalition government of the political parties People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD), Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA), Democrats 66 (D66) and Christian Union (CU) after the general election of 2017.

An election of the Members of the European Parliament from the Netherlands was held on 23 May 2019. It was the ninth time such an election had been held in the Netherlands. The number of Dutch seats had been set to increase from 26 to 29 following Brexit, but due to the extension of the Article 50 process in the United Kingdom, the number of seats to be elected remained at 26.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2024 European Parliament election in the Netherlands</span>

The 2024 European Parliament election in the Netherlands was held on 6 June 2024 as part of the 2024 European Parliament election. It was the tenth time the elections have been held for the European elections in the Netherlands, and the first to take place after Brexit.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2023 Dutch general election</span>

Early general elections were held in the Netherlands on 22 November 2023 to elect the members of the House of Representatives. The elections had been expected to be held in 2025 but a snap election was called after the fourth Rutte cabinet collapsed on 7 July 2023 due to immigration policy disagreements between the coalition parties. The incumbent Prime Minister Mark Rutte announced that he would not lead his party into the election and that he would retire from politics.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2021–2022 Dutch cabinet formation</span>

Following the Dutch general election on 17 March 2021, a cabinet formation led to the establishment of the fourth Rutte cabinet in 2022. The coalition included the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD), Democrats 66 (D66), Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) and Christian Union (CU), the same parties from the preceding third Rutte cabinet. This formation process, lasting 299 days, was the longest formation in Dutch history.

In the run-up to the 2023 Dutch general election, various organisations carried out opinion polling to gauge voting intentions in the Netherlands. Results of such polls are displayed in this list.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2012 Dutch cabinet formation</span>

A process of cabinet formation took place in the Netherlands following the general election of September 2012. After 54 days this led to the Second Rutte cabinet, consisting of People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) and Labour Party (PvdA). This made it one of the fastest cabinet formations. The formation was the first in which the monarch of the Netherlands did not play an active role.

References

  1. ↑ www.kiesraad.nl
  2. ↑ Dutch Socialists show major gains ahead of Netherlands elections
  3. ↑ "Subdued Dutch Socialist opens way for pro-EU coalition". Archived from the original on 9 December 2012. Retrieved 10 October 2012.
  4. ↑ "Formation Diary 2012" (in Dutch). NOS. 5 November 2012. Retrieved 7 November 2012.
  5. ↑ "Verkiezingen Caribische graadmeter". 15 March 2017.
  6. 1 2 "Opposition parties rescue Dutch budget plan". EUobserver.com. 27 April 2012. Retrieved 31 August 2012.
  7. ↑ "Piratenpartij: 2 à 3 zetels mogelijk bij verkiezingen" (in Dutch). 16 July 2012. Archived from the original on 20 July 2012. Retrieved 5 August 2012.
  8. ↑ "Hero Brinkman to go it alone at general election". Dutch News. 25 April 2012. Retrieved 13 September 2012.
  9. ↑ alex (24 April 2012). "Verdonk keert niet terug in politiek". Brabantsdagblad. Retrieved 13 September 2012.
  10. ↑ "Kandidatenlijsten bekend". Kiesraad (in Dutch). 8 August 2012. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 12 September 2012.
  11. ↑ "Nummering kandidatenlijsten bekend". Kiesraad (in Dutch). 2 August 2012. Archived from the original on 12 August 2012. Retrieved 12 September 2012.
  12. 1 2 "Ipsos Netherlands 5 April 2012". Politiekebarometer.nl. Archived from the original on 4 June 2012. Retrieved 25 May 2012.
  13. 1 2 "Ipsos Netherlands 27 April 2012". Politiekebarometer.nl. Archived from the original on 4 June 2012. Retrieved 25 May 2012.
  14. 1 2 "Ipsos Netherlands 12 May 2012". Politiekebarometer.nl. Archived from the original on 27 May 2012. Retrieved 25 May 2012.
  15. 1 2 "Ipsos Netherlands 25 May 2012". Politiekebarometer.nl. Archived from the original on 3 August 2012. Retrieved 25 May 2012.
  16. 1 2 "Ipsos Netherlands 15 June 2012". Politiekebarometer.nl. Archived from the original on 3 August 2012. Retrieved 5 June 2012.
  17. 1 2 "Ipsos Netherlands 6 July 2012". Politiekebarometer.nl. Archived from the original on 9 December 2012. Retrieved 2 July 2012.
  18. 1 2 "Ipsos Netherlands 27 July 2012". Politiekebarometer.nl. Archived from the original on 20 December 2012. Retrieved 13 July 2012.
  19. 1 2 "Ipsos Netherlands 17 August 2012". Politiekebarometer.nl. Archived from the original on 9 December 2012. Retrieved 24 August 2012.
  20. 1 2 "Ipsos Netherlands 31 August 2012". Politiekebarometer.nl. Archived from the original on 5 June 2013. Retrieved 2 September 2012.
  21. 1 2 "Ipsos Netherlands: Political Barometer in Detail – Week 36". Politiekebarometer.nl. Archived from the original on 12 January 2013. Retrieved 9 September 2012.
  22. ↑ "Ipsos Netherlands: Political Barometer in Detail – Week 36 (8 September 2012)". Politiekebarometer.nl. Archived from the original on 12 January 2013. Retrieved 9 September 2012.
  23. ↑ "Ipsos Netherlands: Political Barometer in Detail – Week 37 (11 September 2012)". Politiekebarometer.nl. Archived from the original on 12 January 2013. Retrieved 12 September 2012.
  24. ↑ "Dutch elections 2012 – where are we heading?". Special report -economic research (no.105). Natixis. 6 September 2012. Archived from the original on 30 November 2016. Retrieved 10 September 2012.
  25. ↑ "Dutch government bond update: Political uncertainty to weigh on DSLs" (PDF). HSBC Global Research. 23 March 2012. Retrieved 31 August 2012.
  26. ↑ "Euro-dominated Dutch polls go down to wire". Al Jazeera. 4 October 2011. Retrieved 13 September 2012.
  27. ↑ David Poort (4 October 2011). "Dutch election set to test EU popularity". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 13 September 2012.
  28. ↑ "The rise and fall of Geert Wilders?". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 13 September 2012.
  29. ↑ "Netherlands election is too close to call | euronews, world news". Euronews.com. 14 May 2012. Archived from the original on 29 June 2019. Retrieved 13 September 2012.
  30. ↑ "Netherlands holds general election". The Irish Times. 12 September 2012. Archived from the original on 16 September 2012. Retrieved 13 September 2012.
  31. ↑ "The Netherlands gets ready to turn left". The Guardian. 29 May 2008. Retrieved 13 September 2012.
  32. ↑ "Tweede Kamerverkiezingen 2012: Uitslag" Archived 15 September 2012 at the Wayback Machine (Dutch). NOS. 13 September 2012. Retrieved 13 September 2012.
  33. ↑ Verkiezingsuitslagen Archived 12 September 2012 at the Wayback Machine , Kerngegevens Tweede Kamerverkiezing 2012 Archived 2 November 2012 at the Wayback Machine (Dutch). Kiesraad. Retrieved 21 September 2012.
  34. ↑ Kiesraad komt met officiële uitslag (Dutch). NOS. 17 September 2012. Retrieved 21 September 2012.
  35. ↑ https://www.verkiezingsuitslagen.nl/verkiezingen/detail/TK20120912
  36. ↑ "Tweede Kamer 12 september 2012". Kiesraad (in Dutch). Retrieved 4 November 2021.
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