1888 Dutch general election

Last updated

1888 Dutch general election
Flag of the Netherlands.svg
  1887 6 March 1888 (first round)
20 March 1888 (second round)
1891  

All 100 seats in the House of Representatives
51 seats needed for a majority
PartyLeader%Seats+/–
LU Hendrik Goeman Borgesius 40.7246−2
ARP Abraham Kuyper 31.3527+8
Catholic 20.7125+6
SDB Ferdinand Domela Nieuwenhuis 0.861+1
Conservative Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck 1+1
This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.
Tweede Kamerverkiezingen 1888.svg
Colours denote the winning party, as shown in the main table of results.
Prime Minister beforePrime Minister after
Jan Heemskerk Azn (1818-1897), after Heinrich Wilhelm Wollrabe.jpg Jan Heemskerk
Conservative
Aeneas Mackay Jr.
ARP
AeneasMackay.jpg

General elections were held in the Netherlands on 6 March 1888, [1] with a second round in 25 constituencies on 20 March. [2] The Liberal Union emerged as the largest party, winning 46 of the 100 seats in the House of Representatives. [3]

Contents

Background

This was the first election held after the constitutional revision of 1887, achieved by Minister of the Interior Jan Heemskerk, which had several effects on the parliamentary system. Firstly, this revision fixed the number of seats in the House of Representatives at 100. Secondly, it abolished multi-seat electoral districts except in large cities in favour of single-seat districts, thus allowing for better representation of geographically concentrated political minorities. Thirdly, the revision ensured all members of the House of Representatives would be elected simultaneously every four years, replacing the previous system of staggered elections. Finally, the change greatly extended suffrage and allowed for gradual further extension by law. [4]

The election was won by the confessional parties, leading to the first Coalition government, combining Anti-Revolutionaries and Catholics, led by Æneas, Baron Mackay, [5] thus heralding a period of Antithesis as championed by Abraham Kuyper, in which government alternated between secular liberals on the left and confessional Anti-Revolutionaries and Catholics on the right. [6] The election also saw the first socialist elected into the House of Representatives, with Ferdinand Domela Nieuwenhuis, leader of the Social Democratic League, being elected in a rural Frisian district. [7]

Results

1888 Dutch General Election.svg
PartyVotes%Seats+/–
Liberal Union 96,15740.7246–2
Anti-Revolutionary Party 74,04831.3527+8
Catholics 48,92220.7125+6
Radicals4,6861.9800
Social Democratic League 2,0200.861+1
Other parties10,3354.381+1
Total236,168100.00100+14
Registered voters/turnout292,613
Source: Nohlen & Stöver

By district

  Social Democratic     Liberal    Conservative    Anti-Revolutionary    Catholic  

District results for the Dutch general election, 1888 [8]
DistrictWinnerRef.
Alkmaar Willem van der Kaay [9]
Almelo Willem Cremers [10]
Amersfoort Jan Schimmelpenninck van der Oye [11]
Amsterdam Jacob Theodoor Cremer [12]
Adriaan Gildemeester [13]
Johan George Gleichman [14]
Abraham Hartogh [15]
Bernardus Hermanus Heldt [16]
Arnold Kerdijk [17]
Jan Rutgers van Rozenburg [18]
Johannes Tak van Poortvliet [19]
Willem Hendrik de Beaufort [20]
Apeldoorn Frederik van Bylandt [21]
Appingedam Jan Schepel [22]
Arnhem Willem Rooseboom [23]
Assen Warmold Albertinus van der Feltz [24]
Bergen op Zoom Lambert de Ram [25]
Bergum Okke Tietes Bosgra [26]
Beverwijk Jacob Boreel van Hogelanden [27]
Bodegraven Simon van Velzen [28]
Breda Louis Michiels van Verduynen [29]
Breukelen Willem Jan Roijaards van den Ham [30]
Brielle Gerardus Jacobus Goekoop [31]
Delft Jan Christiaan Fabius [32]
Den Bosch Pierre Guillaume Jean van der Schrieck [33]
Den Haag Lodewijk Gerard Greeve [34]
Lodewijk van Kempen [35]
Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck [36]
Den Helder Simon Taco Land [37]
Deventer Albertus van Delden [38]
Doetinchem Jean Gustave Stanislas Bevers [39]
Dokkum Ulrich Herman Huber [40]
Dordrecht Johannes Barendinus van Osenbruggen [41]
Druten Frederic Reekers [42]
Ede Levinus Keuchenius [43]
Eindhoven Antonius van Baar [44]
Elst Godert Willem van Dedem [45]
Emmen Hendrik Jan Smidt [46]
Enkhuizen Dirk Visser van Hazerswoude [47]
Enschede Willem Jacob Geertsema [48]
Franeker Franciscus Lieftinck [49]
Goes Alexander de Savornin Lohman [50]
Gorinchem Hendrik Seret [51]
Gouda Karel Antonie Godin de Beaufort [52]
Grave Jan Harte van Tecklenburg [53]
Groningen Samuel van Houten [54]
Jacob Dirk Veegens [55]
Gulpen Leonard Ruland [56]
Haarlem Antonie Farncombe Sanders [57]
Haarlemmermeer Frederic Reekers [58]
Harlingen Walle Melis Oppedijk [59]
Helmond Petrus Vermeulen [60]
Hilversum Theodoor Philip Mackay [61]
Hontenisse Felix Walter [62]
Hoorn Willem Karel van Dedem [63]
Kampen Titus van Asch van Wijck [64]
Katwijk Johannes Hendricus Donner [65]
Leeuwarden Johannis Zaaijer [66]
Leiden Hendrik Johannes Bool [67]
Lochem Alex Schimmelpenninck van der Oye [68]
Loosduinen Arnoldus van Berckel [60]
Maastricht Gustave Ruijs van Beerenbroek [69]
Meppel Harm Smeenge [70]
Middelburg Christiaan Lucasse [71]
Nijmegen Anthonie Ernst Reuther [72]
Ommen Jan van Alphen [73]
Oostburg Nicolaas Glinderman [74]
Oosterhout Theodorus Borret [75]
Rheden Maximilien Kolkman [76]
Ridderkerk Theo Heemskerk [77]
Roermond Hubert Joachim Brouwers [78]
Rotterdam Henry David Levyssohn Norman [79]
Rudolf Pieter Mees [80]
George Hermann Hintzen [81]
Herman Cornelis Verniers van der Loeff [82]
Willem Adriaan Viruly Verbrugge [83]
Schiedam Jacob Gerard Patijn [84]
Schoterland Ferdinand Domela Nieuwenhuis [7]
Sittard Jerôme Lambrechts [85]
Sliedrecht Barthold de Geer van Jutphaas [86]
Sneek Willem Gerard Brantsen van de Zijp [87]
Steenwijk Gerard Beelaerts van Blokland [88]
Tiel Herman Jacob Dijckmeester [89]
Tilburg Bernardus Marie Bahlmann [90]
Utrecht Joan Röell [91]
August Seyffardt [92]
Veendam Hendrik Goeman Borgesius [93]
Veghel Bernardus van Vlijmen [94]
Venlo Leopold Haffmans [95]
Waalwijk Antonius Franciscus Vos de Wael [96]
Weert Jean Clercx [97]
Wijk bij Duurstede Herman Schaepman [98]
Winschoten Derk de Ruiter Zijlker [99]
Wolvega Ruurd Klazer Okma [100]
Zaandam Willem de Meijier [57]
Zevenbergen Joannes van Nunen [101]
Zierikzee Jacob Johan van Kerkwijk [102]
Zuidhorn Eppo Cremers [103]
Zutphen Derck Engelberts [104]
Zwolle Alexander van Dedem [105]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1891 Dutch general election</span>

General elections were held in the Netherlands on 9 June 1891, with a second round in 25 constituencies on 23 June. The Liberal Union emerged as the largest party, winning 53 of the 100 seats in the House of Representatives.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1894 Dutch general election</span>

General elections were held in the Netherlands on 10 April 1894, with a second round in 27 constituencies on 24 April. The Liberal Union and the dissident Free Liberals remained the largest group, winning 57 of the 100 seats in the House of Representatives.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1913 Dutch general election</span>

General elections were held in the Netherlands on 17 June 1913, with a second round in some constituencies on 25 June. Despite receiving the fourth highest number of votes in the first round, the General League of Roman Catholic Caucuses emerged as the largest party, winning 25 of the 100 seats in the House of Representatives. After the election, the independent liberal Pieter Cort van der Linden became Prime Minister of the Netherlands, leading a cabinet of Liberals, Free-thinking Democrats, Christian Historicals and other independent liberals.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands</span> Government official in the Netherlands

The minister of foreign affairs is the head of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and a member of the Cabinet and the Council of Ministers. The incumbent minister is Hanke Bruins Slot of the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) who has been in office since 5 September 2023. Regularly, a state secretary is assigned to the ministry who is tasked with specific portfolios, currently the function is not in use. Additionally since 1965 there has been a minister without portfolio assigned to the ministry, the minister for foreign trade and development cooperation has traditionally development cooperation as portfolio, since 2012 the portfolio of trade and export has been assigned added to the function. The current minister for foreign trade and development cooperation is Liesje Schreinemacher of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) who has been in office since 1 September 2023.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1848 Dutch general election</span>

General elections were held in the Netherlands on 30 November and 4 December 1848. Held immediately after the Constitutional Reform of 1848, they were the first direct elections to the House of Representatives, and were the first to elect a States General to which government ministers would be responsible. Voting was restricted to men over the age of 23, and who paid a certain level of taxation. This limited the franchise to 55,728 people, roughly 11% of the male population over 23, or 2.5% of the total population of the country. Candidates were elected in districts in a two-round system; if no candidate received over 50% of the vote in the first round, the top two candidates would face a run-off. The districts had one MP for every 45,000 inhabitants.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1850 Dutch general election</span>

General elections were held in the Netherlands on 27 August 1850.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1860 Dutch general election</span>

Partial general elections were held in the Netherlands on 12 and 26 June 1860 to elect 36 of the 72 seats in the House of Representatives.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1868 Dutch general election</span>

General elections were held in the Netherlands on 22 January 1868.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1871 Dutch general election</span>

Partial general elections were held in the Netherlands on 13 June 1871 to elect 40 of the 80 seats in the House of Representatives.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1877 Dutch general election</span>

Partial general elections were held in the Netherlands on 12 June 1877 to elect 40 of the 80 seats in the House of Representatives.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1883 Dutch general election</span>

Partial general elections were held in the Netherlands on 12 June 1883, with voters electing 43 of the 86 seats in the House of Representatives.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1853 Dutch general election</span>

General elections were held in the Netherlands on 17 May 1853. They followed the dissolution of the House of Representatives as a result of a government crisis caused by the restoration of the episcopal hierarchy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1887 Dutch general election</span>

General elections were held in the Netherlands on 1 September 1887, with a second round in two constituencies on 14 September.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vice-President of the Council of State (Netherlands)</span>

The vice-president of the Council of State is the de facto presiding officer of the Council of State. The monarch serves as the ex officio president of the Council of State but in reality seldom chairs meetings, in his absence, the vice-president serves as pro tempore chair of those meetings. The vice-president is also in charge of the council's organisation and administrative duties. The Constitution of the Netherlands stipulates that if the royal house were to become extinct the vice-president will become the acting head of state. Like the other members of the Council of State the vice president is appointed by the monarch upon nomination by the minister of the interior and kingdom relations. The service of the vice-president is a life tenure appointment but is required by law to enter a mandatory retirement at the age of 70. Alternatively, an early retirement or a forced termination of his tenure can be given by the monarch in a royal decree.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Minister of War (Netherlands)</span>

The minister of war of the Netherlands, was the minister responsible for the Ministry of War and the Royal Netherlands Army. The position was abolished with the creation of the position for Minister of Defence.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Minister of the Navy (Netherlands)</span>

The minister of the Navy of the Netherlands was the minister responsible for the Ministry of the Navy and the Royal Netherlands Navy. Created in 1855, the position was abolished with the creation of the position of Minister of Defence in 1928, then reestablished in 1941 upon the abolition of the Ministry of Defence. When the Ministry of Defence was reestablished in 1948, the position of Minister of the Navy again was abolished.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1886 Dutch general election</span> Dutch Election

General elections were held in the Netherlands on 15 June 1886, with a second round in four constituencies on 29 June.

References

  1. Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p1395 ISBN   978-3-8329-5609-7
  2. Verkiezingen Huygens Instituut
  3. Nohlen & Stöver, p1412
  4. "Grondwetsherzieningen 1815 - heden". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 22 September 2017.
  5. "Kabinet-Mackay (1888-1891)". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 22 September 2017.
  6. "Periode 1888-1918: Antithese". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 22 September 2017.
  7. 1 2 "F. Domela Nieuwenhuis". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  8. "Verkiezingsuitslagen Tweede Kamer 1848 - 1917" (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 2017-02-16. Retrieved 2017-09-13.
  9. "Mr. W. van der Kaay". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  10. "Mr. W.C.J.J. Cremers". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  11. "J.E.N. baron Schimmelpenninck van der Oye". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  12. "J.Th. Cremer". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  13. "A. Gildemeester". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  14. "Mr. J.G. Gleichman". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  15. "Mr. A.F.K. Hartogh". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  16. "B.H. Heldt". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  17. "Mr. A. (Nol) Kerdijk". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  18. "Jhr.Mr. J.W.H. Rutgers van Rozenburg". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  19. "Mr. J.P.R. Tak van Poortvliet". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  20. "Mr. W.H. de Beaufort". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  21. "Mr. W.K.F.P. (Frederik) graaf van Bylandt". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  22. "J. Schepel". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  23. "W. Rooseboom". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  24. "W.A. baron van der Feltz". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  25. "L.D.J.L. (Lambert) de Ram". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  26. "O.T. Bosgra". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  27. "Jhr.Mr. J.W.G. Boreel van Hogelanden". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  28. "S. van Velzen jr". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  29. "Mr. L.P.M.H. baron Michiels van Verduynen". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  30. "Mr. W.J. Roijaards van den Ham". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  31. "Mr. G.J. Goekoop". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  32. "J.Ch. Fabius". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  33. "P.G.J. van der Schrieck". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  34. "Mr. L.G. Greeve". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  35. "L.J.S. van Kempen". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  36. "Mr. R.J. graaf Schimmelpenninck van Nijenhuis". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  37. "S.T. Land". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  38. "Mr. A. van Delden". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  39. "Mr. J.G.S. Bevers". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  40. "Mr. U.H. Huber". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  41. "Mr. J.B. van Osenbruggen". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  42. "Mr. F.J.M.A. Reekers". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  43. "Mr. L.W.Ch. Keuchenius". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  44. "Mr. A.J.H. van Baar". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  45. "Mr. G.W. baron van Dedem". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  46. "Mr. H.J. Smidt". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  47. "Mr. D. Visser van Hazerswoude". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  48. "W.J. Geertsema". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  49. "F. Lieftinck". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  50. "Jhr.Mr. A.F. de Savornin Lohman". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  51. "H. Seret". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  52. "Jhr.Mr. K.A. Godin de Beaufort". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  53. "Mr. J.J.I. (Jan) Harte van Tecklenburg". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  54. "Mr. S. (Sam) van Houten". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  55. "Mr. J.D. Veegens". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  56. "L.F.H.C. Ruland". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  57. 1 2 "W. de Meijier". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  58. "Mr. F.J.M.A. Reekers". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  59. "W.M. Oppedijk". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  60. 1 2 "Dr. P.J.F. Vermeulen". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  61. "Mr. Th.Ph. baron Mackay". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  62. "Mr. F.J.F.M. (Felix) Walter". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  63. "Mr. W.K. baron van Dedem". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  64. "Jhr.Mr. T.A.J. (Titus) van Asch van Wijck". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  65. "J.H. Donner". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  66. "Dr. J. Zaaijer Azn". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  67. "H.J. Bool". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  68. "A. (Alex) baron Schimmelpenninck van der Oye". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  69. "Jhr.Mr. G.L.M.H. (Gustave) Ruijs van Beerenbroek". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  70. "Mr. H. (Harm) Smeenge". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  71. "Mr. Ch. Lucasse". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  72. "A.E. Reuther". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  73. "J. (Jan) van Alphen". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  74. "N. Glinderman". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  75. "Mr. Th.L.M.H. Borret". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  76. "Mr. M.J.C.M. Kolkman". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  77. "Mr. Th. (Theo) Heemskerk". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  78. "Mr. H.J. Brouwers". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  79. "Mr. H.D. Levyssohn Norman". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  80. "Dr. R.P. Mees R.Azn". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  81. "G.H. Hintzen". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  82. "Mr. H.C. Verniers van der Loeff". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  83. "W.A. Viruly Verbrugge". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  84. "Mr. J.G. Patijn". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  85. "Mr. H.F. (Jérôme) Lambrechts". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  86. "Dr.Mr. B.J. Lintelo baron de Geer van Jutphaas". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  87. "Mr. W.G. baron Brantsen van de Zijp". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  88. "Jhr.Mr. G.J.Th. Beelaerts van Blokland". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  89. "Mr. H.J. Dijckmeester". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  90. "Mr. B.M. Bahlmann". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  91. "Jhr.Mr. J. Röell". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  92. "A.L.W. Seyffardt". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  93. "Mr.Dr. H. (Hendrik) Goeman Borgesius". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  94. "B.R.F. van Vlijmen". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  95. "Mr. J.H.L. (Leopold) Haffmans". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  96. "Mr. A.F. Vos de Wael". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  97. "Mr. J.M.L.H. Clercx". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  98. "Dr. H.J.A.M. (Herman) Schaepman". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  99. "Mr. D. de Ruiter Zijlker". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  100. "R.K. Okma". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  101. "J.P.Th. van Nunen". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  102. "J.J. van Kerkwijk". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  103. "Mr. E.J.J.B. (Eppo) Cremers". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  104. "Mr. D. Engelberts". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  105. "A. baron van Dedem". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 September 2017.