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This article lists political parties in Norway.
Norway has a multi-party system with numerous political parties, in which no party can easily gain a majority of the 169 legislative seats. Parties may cooperate to form coalition governments.
The oldest political party in Norway is the Liberal Party, which was formed in 1884. Shortly afterwards, the Conservative Party was formed in opposition. The main political cleavage at the time was the issue of parliamentarism, with Liberals in favor and Conservatives in opposition. Until 1903, Norway was, for all intents and purposes, a two-party system; [1] the smaller Moderate Liberal Party joined the Conservatives in a de facto permanent electoral coalition from the 1891 election.
During the first years of the 20th century, major electoral shifts took place. In 1903, the leftist Labour Party gained its first five MPs, after having captured 10% of the national vote. For the 1921 elections, the former two-round, single-member district system was replaced with proportional representation, [2] allowing for further gains for medium-sized parties such as Labour and the Farmers' Party, which had been formed the previous year. In 1927, Labour surged to first place nationally, a position it has held in every single election since then. In 1928, they formed their first government, ending the decades-long power-alteration between Liberals and Conservatives. This government, headed by Christopher Hornsrud, was short-lived, however; it lasted a mere 18 days. [3] The Farmers' Party followed suit, sitting in government briefly from 1931 to 1933, under Peder Kolstad and Jens Hundseid. Despite the surge of previously minor parties, the Liberals and Conservatives retained significance, with Johan Ludwig Mowinckel (1933–1935) serving as the last Liberal prime minister to date. With the onset of World War II, Johan Nygaardsvold from the Labour Party served as de jure prime minister for a decade, from 1935 to 1945.
During the Nazi occupation of Norway, political opposition to the collaborationist regime of Vidkun Quisling and the Nasjonal Samling party was silenced and prosecuted; Nygaardsvold's cabinet went into exile in London in 1940, and did not return before 1945. [4] [5]
From the first post-war elections in 1945 until the 1961 elections, the Labour Party held an absolute majority in parliament, with its Einar Gerhardsen serving as prime minister for, in total, 17 years and 17 days. For most of this period, Norway was generally regarded as a dominant-party system, with the divided opposition, consisting of Liberals, Conservatives, Centrists, Christian Democrats and occasionally Communists, unable to match Labour. It was first in 1963, in the aftermath of the Kings Bay Affair, that the Conservative John Lyng was able to take power with support from the other non-socialist groups. With the gradual decline of the Labour Party, opposition figures such as Per Borten (Centrist), Lars Korvald (Christian Democrat) and Kåre Willoch served as prime ministers at various points during the latter half of the 20th century. 1973 saw the advent of anti-establishment parties such as Anders Lange's Party and the Socialist Electoral League, which would later become the right-wing Progress Party and Socialist Left, respectively. Both of these groups remained relatively isolated on the political scene for the subsequent decades; the Socialist Left did not enter government before 2005, while the Progress Party was not included in a centre-right pact before in 2013.
The parliamentary election in 2001 saw the collapse of the Labour Party's traditionally constantly large lead over non-socialist parties; they took a mere 24% of votes – a loss of 11 points – against 21% for the Conservatives of Jan Petersen. The short-lived Cabinet Stoltenberg I, a Labour government in office since 2000, stepped down in favor of a centre-right coalition of Liberals, Conservatives and Christian Democrats, led by the latter's Kjell Magne Bondevik. Following the 2005 election, the centre-left Red-Green Coalition won a majority in parliament, with Jens Stoltenberg returning as prime minister, and serving until 2013.
The 2013 election provided the bloc of the Conservative Erna Solberg a clear parliamentary majority, with 96 of the 169 seats in parliament. She formed a government with the Progress Party of Siv Jensen, breaking the latter's decades-long isolation from the other centre-right parties. [6] Four years later, the centre-right parties managed to retain the majority in parliament with 88 of the 169 seats. Solberg continued to serve as prime minister, with different combinations of government coalition partners, all four parties at some time were part of Solberg Cabinet. In the most recent election of 2021, the result swung in strong favour of the centre-left parties who gathered 100 of 169 seats in the Storting. This led to a new government with Jonas Gahr Støre as prime minister, consisting of the Labour party and the Centre party.
| Party | Founded | Ideology | Position | Leader | Affiliation | 2021 parliamentary election | 2019 Norwegian local elections | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| International | European | MPs | '21 election vote share | Municipal councils | County councils | '19 election vote share | ||||||||
| Ap |  | Labour Party Arbeiderpartiet | 1887 | Social democracy | Centre-left | Jonas Gahr Støre | PA | PES | 48 / 169 | 26.3% | 2,583 / 9,344 | 148 / 574 | 24.8% | |
| H |  | Conservative Party Høyre | 1884 | Liberal conservatism | Centre-right | Erna Solberg | IDU | EPP | 36 / 169 | 20.4% | 1,488 / 9,344 | 107 / 574 | 20.1% | |
| Sp |  | Centre Party Senterpartiet | 1920 | Nordic agrarianism | Centre | Trygve Slagsvold Vedum | None | None | 28 / 169 | 13.5% | 2,265 / 9,344 | 106 / 574 | 14.4% | |
| Frp |  | Progress Party Fremskrittspartiet | 1973 | Right-wing populism | Right-wing to far-right | Sylvi Listhaug | None | None | 21 / 169 | 11.6% | 701 / 9,344 | 55 / 574 | 8.2% | |
| SV |  | Socialist Left Party Sosialistisk Venstreparti | 1975 | Democratic socialism | Left-wing | Kirsti Bergstø | None | NGLA | 13 / 169 | 7.6% | 459 / 9,344 | 34 / 574 | 6.1% | |
| R |  | Red Party Rødt | 2007 | Socialism | Left-wing to far-left | Marie Sneve Martinussen | None | None | 8 / 169 | 4.7% | 193 / 9,344 | 20 / 574 | 3.8% | |
| V |  | Liberal Party Venstre | 1884 | Social liberalism | Centre | Guri Melby | LI | ALDE | 8 / 169 | 4.6% | 264 / 9,344 | 16 / 574 | 3.9% | |
| MDG |  | Green Party Miljøpartiet De Grønne | 1988 | Green politics | Centre-left | Arild Hermstad | GG | EGP | 3 / 169 | 3.9% | 310 / 9,344 | 36 / 574 | 6.8% | |
| KrF |  | Christian Democratic Party Kristelig Folkeparti | 1933 | Christian democracy | Centre to centre-right | Olaug Bollestad | CDI | EPP | 3 / 169 | 3.8% | 411 / 9,344 | 25 / 574 | 4.0% | |
| PF | Patient Focus Pasientfokus | 2021 | Direct democracy | Single-issue | Irene Ojala | None | None | 1 / 169 | 0.2% | 0 / 9,344 | 0 / 574 | did not participate | ||
| Party | Founded | Associated ideology | Current leader | International affiliation | 2017 election vote share | 2021 election vote share | 2015 county council members | 2019 county council members |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| People's Party FNB Folkets Parti FNB | 2014 | Single-issue politics | Frode Myrhol | None | 0 | 0.12% | 3 / 574 | 17 / 574 |
| Pensioners' Party Pensjonistpartiet | 1985 | Pensioners' interests, Social conservatism | Einar Lonstad | None | 0.44% | 0.64% | 6 / 574 | 6 / 574 |
| Norway Democrats Norgesdemokratene | 2002 | Right-wing populism, National conservatism | Terje Svendsen | None | 0.13% | 1.14% | 1 / 574 | 3 / 574 |
| Nordmøre List Nordmørslista | 2015 | Nordmøre local interests | Per Martin Kjønne | None | 0.1% | 1 / 574 | 2 / 574 | |
| Sami People's Party Samefolkets Parti | 1999 | Sami people's interests | Birger Randulf Nymo | None | 0 | 2 / 574 | ? | |
| Conservative Konservativt | 2011 | Christian right | Erik Selle | None | 0.30% | 0.35% | 0 / 574 | 1 / 574 |
| Party | Founded | Associated ideology | Current leader | International affiliation | 2017 election vote share[ needs update ] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Health Party Helsepartiet | 2016 | Health politics | Lise Askvik | None | 0.4% |
| Capitalist Party Liberalistene | 2014 | Classical liberalism, Laissez-faire [7] | Arnt Rune Flekstad | IALP | 0.2% |
| Innovation and Technology party Innovasjon- og teknologipartiet | 2012 | Pirate politics | Tale Haukbjørk Østrådal | PPI, PPEU | 0.1% |
| Coastal Party Kystpartiet | 1999 | Regionalism, National conservatism | Bengt Stabrun Johansen | None | 0.1% |
| Feminist Initiative Feministisk Initiativ | 2015 | Radical feminism | Cathrine Linn Kristiansen, Sunniva Schultze-Florey | None | 0.0% |
| Communist Party of Norway Norges Kommunistiske Parti | 1903 | Marxism–Leninism | Runa Evensen | IMCWP | 0.0% |
| Party of Values Verdipartiet | - | Christian conservatism | Magne Hersvik | None | 0.0% |
| Northern Assembly Nordting | - | Northern Norway local interests | Amund Sjølie Sveen | None | 0.0% |
| Society Party Samfunnspartiet | 1985 | Anarchism | Bjørn Dahl | None | 0.0% |
| Norway Party Norgespartiet | - | Direct democracy | Lars Rønbeck | None | 0.0% |
| People's Federation of the Saami Samenes Folkeforbund | 1993 | Sami people's interests | Liv O Slettli | None | 0 |
| Árja Innsatsvilje | 2008 | Social conservatism, Traditionalism | Láilá Susanne Vars | None | 0 |
| Alliance - Alternative for Norway Alliansen - Alternativ for Norge | 2016 | Norwegian nationalism, Anti-immigration, Euroscepticism | Hans Jørgen Lysglimt Johansen | None | 0 |
| Center Party Partiet Sentrum | 2020 | Centrism | Geir Lippestad | None | 0.3% |
The politics of Norway take place in the framework of a parliamentary, representative democratic constitutional monarchy. Executive power is exercised by the Council of State, the cabinet, led by the prime minister of Norway. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the legislature, the Storting, elected within a multi-party system. The judiciary is independent of the executive branch and the legislature.
The Moderate Party, commonly referred to as the Moderates, is a liberal-conservative political party in Sweden. The party generally supports tax cuts, the free market, civil liberties and economic liberalism. Globally, it is a full member of the International Democracy Union and the European People's Party.
Christopher Andersen Hornsrud was a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party. He served as leader of the Labour Party from 1903 to 1906 and became a member of the Storting in 1912. In 1928, he became the first Norwegian prime minister from the Labour Party and served as the 18th prime minister of Norway, but the cabinet had a weak parliamentary basis and was only in office for three weeks from January to February. He combined the post of prime minister with that of minister of Finance. After resigning he became vice-president of the Storting, a position he held until 1934.
The Labour Party, formerly The Norwegian Labour Party, is a social-democratic political party in Norway. It is positioned on the centre-left of the political spectrum, and is led by Jonas Gahr Støre. It was the senior partner of the governing red–green coalition from 2005 to 2013, and its former leader Jens Stoltenberg served as the prime minister of Norway.
The Christian Democratic Party is a Christian-democratic political party in Norway founded in 1933. The party is an observer member of the European People's Party (EPP). It currently holds three seats in the Parliament, having won 3.8% of the vote in the 2021 parliamentary election. The current leader of the party is Olaug Bollestad.
This article gives an overview of liberalism in Norway. It is limited to liberal parties with substantial support, mainly proved by having been represented in the Norwegian Parliament, Stortinget.
The Conservative Party or The Right is a liberal-conservative political party in Norway. It is the major party of the Norwegian center-right, and was the leading party in government as part of the Solberg cabinet from 2013 to 2021. The current party leader is former Prime Minister Erna Solberg. The party is a member of the International Democrat Union and an associate member of the European People's Party.
Parliamentary elections were held in Norway on 11 and 12 September 2005. The result was a victory for the opposition centre-left Red-Green Coalition, which received 48.0% of the votes and won 87 out of 169 seats, dominated by the Labour Party's 61 seats. The three-party centre-right government coalition won 44 seats and the right wing Progress Party won 38, becoming the largest opposition party. Voter turnout was 77.1%, an increase of 2 percentage points compared to the 2001 elections.
The Market towns of Nordland, Troms and Finnmark was an electoral district for parliamentary elections in Norway. It comprised the market towns of Bodø and Narvik in Nordland county, Tromsø in Troms county and Hammerfest, Vadsø and Vardø in Finnmark county.
The Market towns of Østfold and Akershus counties was an electoral district for parliamentary elections in Norway. It comprised the market towns of Fredrikstad, Halden, Moss and Sarpsborg in Østfold county and Drøbak in Akershus county.
The Market towns of Sør-Trøndelag and Nord-Trøndelag counties was an electoral district for parliamentary elections in Norway. It comprised the market towns of Trondheim in Sør-Trøndelag county and Levanger in Nord-Trøndelag county.
The Market towns of Vest-Agder and Rogaland counties was an electoral district for parliamentary elections in Norway. It comprised the market towns of Flekkefjord, Kristiansand and Mandal in Vest-Agder county and Haugesund and Stavanger in Rogaland county.
The Market towns of Telemark and Aust-Agder counties was an electoral district for parliamentary elections in Norway. It comprised the market towns of Brevik, Kragerø, Notodden, Porsgrunn and Skien in Telemark county and Arendal, Grimstad and Risør in Aust-Agder county.
The Market towns of Vestfold county was an electoral district for parliamentary elections in Norway. It comprised the market towns of Holmestrand, Horten, Tønsberg, Sandefjord and Larvik in Vestfold county.
The Market towns of Møre og Romsdal county was an electoral district for parliamentary elections in Norway. It comprised the market towns of Kristiansund, Molde and Ålesund in Møre og Romsdal county.
Parliamentary elections were held in Norway on 13 and 14 September 2009. Elections in Norway are held on a Monday in September, usually the second or third Monday, as determined by the king. Early voting was possible between 10 August and 11 September 2009, while some municipalities also held open voting on 13 September. Voters elected 169 members for the Storting, each for a four-year term. Voter turn-out in the 2009 general elections was 76.4%.
Parliamentary elections were held in Norway on 8 and 9 September 2013 to elect all 169 members of the unicameral Storting. The centre-right coalition obtained 96 seats, while the incumbent red–green coalition government obtained 72 seats and the Green Party obtained one. The Labour Party won the largest share (30.8%) of the votes cast, with the Conservatives coming second (26.8%), after increasing its share by 9.6 percentage points.
Parliamentary elections were held in Norway on 11 September 2017 to elect all 169 members of the unicameral Norwegian Parliament, the Storting. The non-socialist parties retained a reduced majority of 88 seats, allowing Prime Minister Erna Solberg's Conservative-Progress coalition to remain in government. The Liberal Party joined the coalition in January 2018 but it remained a minority cabinet until the Christian Democratic Party joined the coalition in 2019. The three largest centre-left parties won 79 seats. The Green Party retained its single seat, while the Red Party won its first ever seat.
Parliamentary elections were held in Norway on 13 September 2021. All 169 seats in the Norwegian legislature, the Storting, were up for election.
