2017 Norwegian parliamentary election

2017 Norwegian parliamentary election

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All 169 seats in the Storting 85 seats are needed for a majority
First party Second party Third party   Leader Jonas Gahr Støre Erna Solberg Siv Jensen Party Labour Conservative Progress Last election 55 seats, 30.84% 48 seats, 26.81% 29 seats, 16.35% Seats won 49 45 27 Seat change 6 3 2 Popular vote 800,947 732,895 444,681 Percentage 27.37% 25.04% 15.19% Swing 3.47% 1.77% 1.16%   Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party   Leader Trygve Slagsvold Vedum Audun Lysbakken Trine Skei Grande Party Centre Socialist Left Liberal Last election 10 seats, 5.48% 7 seats, 4.1% 9 seats, 5.23% Seats won 19 11 8 Seat change 9 4 1 Popular vote 302,017 176,222 127,910 Percentage 10.32% 6.02% 4.37% Swing 4.84% 1.93% 0.86%   Seventh party Eighth party Ninth party   Leader Knut Arild Hareide Rasmus Hansson Une Aina Bastholm Bjørnar Moxnes Party Christian Democratic Green Red Last election 10 seats, 5.59% 1 seat, 2.79% 0 seats, 1.08% Seats won 8 1 1 Seat change 2 1 Popular vote 122,797 94,788 70,522 Percentage 4.20% 3.24% 2.41% Swing 1.39% 0.45% 1.33%
Most popular party in each electoral district (left) and municipality (right). Distribution of seats by electoral district.
Prime Minister before election Erna Solberg Conservative Prime Minister after election Erna Solberg Conservative

Parliamentary elections were held in Norway on 11 September 2017 to elect all 169 members of the unicameral Norwegian Parliament, the Storting. The non-socialist parties retained a reduced majority of 88 seats, allowing Prime Minister Erna Solberg's Conservative-Progress coalition to remain in government. ^{[1] [2]} The Liberal Party joined the coalition in January 2018 but it remained a minority cabinet until the Christian Democratic Party joined the coalition in 2019. The three largest centre-left parties won 79 seats. The Green Party retained its single seat, while the Red Party won its first ever seat.

Background

The last parliamentary elections in Norway were held on 9 September 2013. The outcome was a victory for the Conservatives and their populist right-wing allies. The Conservative Party, led by Erna Solberg, and the right-wing populist Progress Party formed a two-party minority government, with Solberg as Prime Minister. The two parties received confidence and supply from two centrist parties, the Liberals and the Christian Democrats. ^[3]

Electoral system

The election used party-list proportional representation in nineteen multi-member constituencies, one for each of the counties of Norway.

The number of members to be returned from each constituency varies between 4 and 19. To determine the apportionment of the 169 seats amongst the 19 counties, a two-tier formula is used, based on population and geographic size. Each inhabitant counts one point, while each square kilometer counts 1.8 points. ^[4]

150 of the seats are regular district seats. These are awarded based on the election results in each county, and are unaffected by results in other counties. Nineteen of the seats (one for each county) are leveling seats, awarded to parties who win fewer seats than their share of the national popular vote otherwise entitles them to. A modification of the Sainte-Lague method, where the first quotient for each party is calculated using a divisor of 1.4 instead of 1, is used to allocate both the constituency and leveling seats. A party must win 4% of the popular vote in order to win compensation seats, but may still win district seats even if it fails to reach this threshold. The system for apportioning seats is biased in favour of rural areas since the area of the county is a factor, but the system of compensation seats reduces the effect this has on final party strength. ^[5]

Date

According to the Norwegian constitution, parliamentary elections must be held every four years. The Norwegian parliament may not be dissolved before such a four-year term has ended, a rather rare trait of a political system found in few, if any democracies besides Norway and the USA.

On 22 April 2016, the Norwegian government announced that the date of the election is set to be Monday, 11 September 2017. ^[6] Additionally, each municipal council may vote to extend voting by one day, by also opening the polling stations on Sunday, 10 September.

Participating parties

Eight political parties were represented in the Norwegian parliament prior to the election, all of whom went on to contest the 2017 election.

• The Labour Party (Ap) is with its 55 seats in parliament the largest party of the 2013-2017 parliament. Labour describes itself as a social-democratic party of the centre-left. The party is led by former minister of foreign affairs Jonas Gahr Støre, who has served as party leader and leader of the opposition since June 2014.
• The Conservative Party (H) is the largest party of the incumbent government. Currently, the Conservatives hold 48 seats, after having garnered close to 27 percent of the vote in the previous election. The Conservatives' party leader is Prime Minister Erna Solberg. The Conservative Party is considered to be a moderate centre-right party in the Norwegian political spectrum, and it officially subscribes to the liberal conservative ideology. ^[7]
• The Progress Party (FrP) is led by Siv Jensen and currently serves as the junior partner in the Solberg cabinet. The party identifies as classical liberal and conservative-liberal. Political scientists broadly consider it a right-wing populist party, ^{[8] [9] [10]} a label the party denies.
• The Christian Democratic Party (KrF) is a centre to centre-right party, based on Christian democratic values. The party is led by Knut Arild Hareide, and participated in the 2013 election as a proponent of the centre-right coalition led by the Conservatives.
• The Centre Party (Sp) is the fifth largest party in the Norwegian legislature, with 10 seats. Between 2005 and 2013 the party served as a junior partner in the Red-Green government. The party is led by Trygve Slagsvold Vedum. The party is centrist and primarily agrarian, with some conservative and some liberal factions. ^[11]
• The Liberal Party (V) of Trine Skei Grande currently holds 9 seats in the Norwegian parliament. It claims to be the sole social-liberal party in the country, and positions itself in the centre of Norwegian politics. The Liberals have a close relationship with the Christian Democrats. ^[12]
• The Socialist Left Party (SV) is the second smallest party in parliament, and campaigned for a third term as a part of the Red-Green coalition government in 2013. The party sees itself as democratic socialist and environmentalist. Since 2012, Audun Lysbakken has chaired the party.
• The Green Party (MDG) made its debut in the Norwegian parliament in the 2013 election, gaining a single seat from the Oslo district. The Greens have no official party leader, but rather two national spokespersons. Currently, these spokespersons are Une Aina Bastholm and Rasmus Hansson. The party distances itself from the left-right axis, and identifies as an environmentalist party.

Additionally, the far-left Red Party led by Bjørnar Moxnes secured its first seat via a direct mandate in Oslo district. It had failed to secure representation in previous elections. The party is officially Communist in orientation and is a successor to the Red Electoral Alliance, which had previously won a seat in the 1993 election.

Campaign

Slogans

Party		Original slogan	English translation
	Labour Party	"Alle skal med"
	Conservative Party	"Vi tror på Norge"
	Progress Party
	Christian Democratic Party
	Centre Party	"Senterpartiet skal stoppe sentraliseringa i Norge gjennom ei regjering for hele Norge"
	Liberal Party
	Socialist Left Party
	Red Electoral Alliance
Sources: [13] [14] [15]

Debates

2017 Norwegian general election debates
Date	Time	Organisers	P  Present   I  Invitee  N  Non-invitee  A  Absent invitee.
			Ap	H	Frp	KrF	Sp	V	Sv	R	MdG	Refs
9 August		Civita	P Jonas Gahr Støre	P Erna Solberg	N Siv Jensen	N Knut Arild Hareide	N Trygve Slagsvold Vedum	N Trine Skei Grande	N Audun Lysbakken	N Bjørnar Moxnes	N Une Bastholm	[16]
14 August	21:30	NRK	P Jonas Gahr Støre	P Erna Solberg	P Siv Jensen	P Knut Arild Hareide	P Trygve Slagsvold Vedum	P Trine Skei Grande	P Audun Lysbakken	P Bjørnar Moxnes	P Une Bastholm	[17]
29 August	21:30	NRK	P Jonas Gahr Støre	P Erna Solberg	N Siv Jensen	N Knut Arild Hareide	N Trygve Slagsvold Vedum	N Trine Skei Grande	N Audun Lysbakken	N Bjørnar Moxnes	N Une Bastholm	[18]
5 September	18:00	Dagen and Bergens Tidende	N Jonas Gahr Støre	N Erna Solberg	P Sylvi Listhaug	A Knut Arild Hareide	N Trygve Slagsvold Vedum	N Trine Skei Grande	N Audun Lysbakken	N Bjørnar Moxnes	N Une Bastholm	[19] [20]
8 September	21:25	NRK	P Jonas Gahr Støre	P Erna Solberg	P Siv Jensen	P Knut Arild Hareide	P Trygve Slagsvold Vedum	P Trine Skei Grande	P Audun Lysbakken	P Bjørnar Moxnes	P Rasmus Hansson	[21]
12 September	21:30	NRK	P Jonas Gahr Støre	P Erna Solberg	P Siv Jensen	P Knut Arild Hareide	P Trygve Slagsvold Vedum	P Trine Skei Grande	P Audun Lysbakken	P Bjørnar Moxnes	P Une Bastholm	[22]

Opinion polls

Main article: Opinion polling for the Norwegian parliamentary election, 2017

• 
  30 day moving average of poll results since the 2013 election, with each line corresponding to a political party.

• 
  Longer term polling results based on monthly averages from pollofpolls.
• 
  Zoom on the smaller parties.

Seat predictions

Polling Period [23]	Government				Opposition					Government	Opposition	Government Lead
	H	FrP	KrF	V	Ap	Sp	SV	MdG	Red
September 2017	42	28	8	7	48	17	10	7	2	85	84	+1
August 2017	42	28	9	2	50	19	10	7	2	81	88	-7
July 2017	40	24	9	2	58	20	8	7	1	75	94	-19
June 2017	43	25	8	2	59	22	8	1	1	78	91	-13
May 2017	43	24	9	2	58	22	8	1	2	78	91	-13
April 2017	43	24	9	2	58	23	8	1	1	78	91	-13
March 2017	43	23	9	3	60	21	8	1	1	78	91	-13
February 2017	42	27	9	3	60	18	8	1	1	81	88	-7
January 2017	41	24	9	7	65	14	7	1	1	81	88	-7
December 2016	41	25	8	7	66	12	8	1	1	81	88	-7
November 2016	41	22	9	8	68	12	7	1	1	80	89	-9
October 2016	45	25	8	8	67	12	2	1	1	86	83	+3
September 2016	44	26	8	7	63	12	7	1	1	85	84	+1
August 2016	46	26	9	7	65	12	2	1	1	88	81	+7
July 2016	46	27	9	8	57	13	7	1	1	90	79	+11
June 2016	40	28	9	7	63	11	8	2	1	84	85	-1
May 2016	42	28	9	8	61	12	7	1	1	87	82	+5
April 2016	42	30	9	8	60	11	7	1	1	89	80	+9
March 2016	46	31	9	8	60	11	2	1	1	94	75	+19
February 2016	43	30	9	8	59	10	7	2	1	90	79	+11
January 2016	43	29	9	8	58	10	7	4	1	89	80	+9
December 2015	39	32	9	7	61	11	1	8	1	87	82	+5
November 2015	39	29	9	7	64	11	2	7	1	84	85	-1
October 2015	39	19	9	8	68	11	7	7	1	75	94	-19
September 2015	40	20	9	8	66	10	7	8	1	77	92	-15
August 2015	42	23	9	8	66	10	2	8	1	82	87	-5
July 2015	38	22	9	8	69	8	7	7	1	77	92	-15
June 2015	39	21	9	8	72	10	1	8	1	77	92	-15
May 2015	42	21	9	8	70	10	1	7	1	80	89	-9
April 2015	41	20	10	9	73	10	1	4	1	80	89	-9
March 2015	41	19	10	8	76	11	2	1	1	78	91	-13
February 2015	38	20	10	9	77	10	2	2	1	77	92	-15
January 2015	41	20	10	8	76	10	2	2	0	79	90	-11
December 2014	40	20	10	9	77	9	2	2	0	79	90	-11
November 2014	40	21	11	8	74	10	2	2	1	80	89	-9
October 2014	46	24	8	8	69	9	2	2	1	86	83	+3
September 2014	49	26	9	9	64	9	2	1	0	93	76	+17
August 2014	50	26	9	9	63	9	2	1	0	94	75	+19
July 2014	48	22	8	10	67	10	1	2	1	88	81	+7
June 2014	48	25	10	9	64	10	1	1	1	92	77	+15
May 2014	47	26	9	9	61	8	7	1	1	91	78	+13
April 2014	50	26	10	10	62	8	2	1	0	96	73	+23
March 2014	49	26	9	9	63	9	2	1	1	93	76	+17
February 2014	52	24	10	9	62	9	2	1	0	95	74	+21
January 2014	53	26	10	9	60	8	2	1	0	98	71	+27
December 2013	51	26	10	9	61	9	2	1	0	96	73	+23
November 2013	52	26	9	9	56	9	7	1	0	96	73	+23
October 2013	52	26	9	10	56	8	7	1	0	97	72	+25

Results

Party		Votes	%	Seats	+/–
	Labour Party	800,947	27.37	49	–6
	Conservative Party	732,895	25.04	45	–3
	Progress Party	444,681	15.19	27	–2
	Centre Party	302,017	10.32	19	+9
	Socialist Left Party	176,222	6.02	11	+4
	Liberal Party	127,910	4.37	8	–1
	Christian Democratic Party	122,797	4.20	8	–2
	Green Party	94,788	3.24	1	0
	Red Party	70,522	2.41	1	+1
	Pensioners' Party	12,855	0.44	0	0
	Health Party	10,337	0.35	0	New
	The Christians	8,700	0.30	0	0
	Capitalist Party	5,599	0.19	0	New
	Democrats in Norway	3,830	0.13	0	0
	Pirate Party	3,356	0.11	0	0
	The Alliance	3,311	0.11	0	New
	Coastal Party	2,467	0.08	0	0
	Nordmøre List	2,135	0.07	0	New
	Feminist Initiative	696	0.02	0	New
	Communist Party	309	0.01	0	0
	Norway Party	151	0.01	0	New
	Party of Values	148	0.01	0	New
	Society Party	104	0.00	0	0
	Northern Assembly	59	0.00	0	New
Total		2,926,836	100.00	169	0
Valid votes		2,926,836	99.20
Invalid/blank votes		23,695	0.80
Total votes		2,950,531	100.00
Registered voters/turnout		3,765,245	78.36
Source: valgresultat.no

Seat distribution

Constituency	Total seats	Seats won
		By party										By coalition
		A	H	FrP	Sp	SV	V	KrF	MdG	R		Red-Greens	Borgerlig	Others
Akershus	17	5	6	3	1	1	1					7	10
Aust-Agder	4	1	1	1				1				1	3
Buskerud	9	3	2	2	1	1						5	4
Finnmark	5	2	1	1	1							3	2
Hedmark	7	2	1	1	2	1						5	2
Hordaland	16	4	5	2	2	1	1	1				7	9
Møre og Romsdal	9	2	3	2	1			1				3	6
Nord-Trøndelag	5	2	1		1		1					3	2
Nordland	9	2	2	2	2	1						5	4
Oppland	7	2	1	1	2		1					4	3
Oslo	19	5	6	2		2	2		1	1		7	10	2
Østfold	9	3	2	2	1	1						5	4
Rogaland	14	4	4	3	1	1		1				6	8
Sogn og Fjordane	4	1	1		1			1				2	2
Sør-Trøndelag	10	4	2	1	1	1	1					6	4
Telemark	6	2	1	1	1			1				3	3
Troms	6	2	1	1	1	1						4	2
Vest-Agder	6	1	2	1				2				1	5
Vestfold	7	2	3	1			1					2	4
Total	169	49	45	27	19	11	8	8	1	1		80	87	2
Source: Election Authority

Voter demographics

Cohort	Percentage of cohort voting for
	Ap	H	FrP	Sp	Sv	V	KrF	MDG	R	Others
Total vote	27.37%	25.04%	15.19%	10.32%	6.02%	4.37%	4.20%	3.24%	2.41%
Gender
Females	29.4%	23.7%	11.6%	9.6%	8.7%	4.9%	9.6%	3.7%	2.1%
Males	25.4%	26.3%	18.5%	11.1%	3.5%	3.9%	11.1%	2.8%	2.7%
Age
18–30 years old	22%	17.4%	12.7%	12.7%	8.5%	10.4%	3.5%	6.6%	3.1%
30-59 years old	28.4%	27.8%	13.3%	9.5%	6.2%	3.7%	3.6%	3.5%	2.6%
60 years old and older	28.5%	24.1%	20.3%	10.4%	4.4%	2.2%	5.5%	0.9%	1.8%
Work
low income	26%	21%	16.5%	12.9%	6.2%	4.3%	4.3%	4.1%	2.1%
Average income	27.9%	22.1%	17.1%	11%	7.1%	3.7%	4.5%	2.6%	2.8%
High income	29%	33.5%	11.2%	7.6%	4.7%	4.3%	3.7%	2.7%	1.8%
Education
Primary school	28.7%	22.3%	21.7%	13.1%	2.9%	3.2%	3.2%	1.6%	1%
High school	24.6%	25.1%	19.4%	11.9%	5.7%	3.4%	4%	2.6%	1.6%
University/college	28.9%	26.4%	9.5%	8.1%	7.7%	5.5%	4.6%	4.5%	3.4%
Source: Norwegian Institute for Social Research [24]

Results by municipality

• 
  Labour
• 
  Conservative
• 
  Progress
• 
  Centre
• 
  Socialist
• 
  Liberal
• 
  Christian
• 
  Green
• 
  Red

Aftermath

Prime Minister Solberg set out to form a governing coalition between the Conservative Party, Progress Party, Liberal Party, and the Christian Democrats. In late September 2017, the Christian Democrats left coalition talks due to the inclusion of the Progress Party. ^[25]

On 14 January 2018, a government was formed by the Conservative Party, the Progress Party and the Liberal Party. ^[26]

The Christian Democrats voted at a party conference to join Solberg's government on 2 November 2018 and on 16 January 2019, Solberg's Conservatives struck a deal with the Christian Democratic Party. This marked the first time since 1985 that Norway would be getting a majority government representing right-wing parties in the Storting. ^{[27] [28]}

On 20 January 2020, the Progress Party decided to withdraw from the government due to a decision by Solberg to repatriate a woman linked to Islamic State and her children back to Norway. Solberg said that she would continue to head a minority government and the other parties in the coalition (Liberal Party, Christian Democrats) said they would also continue to serve in it. ^{[29] [30] [31]}

See also

• 2017 Norwegian Sámi parliamentary election

References

1. "Valgresultat.no". Valgresultat.no. Retrieved 2017-09-11.
2. "Valgresultat for Norge – Valg 2017". Nrk.no. Retrieved 2017-09-11.
3. "Drømmen om en bred borgerlig regjering er knust | BA". Ba.no. 2013-09-30. Retrieved 2015-05-14.
4. "The main features of the Norwegian electoral system". Dagbladet . Retrieved November 29, 2009.
5. "Rødgrønt flertall uansett valgordning". Aftenposten (in Norwegian). September 28, 2009.
6. "Valgdagen blir 11. september 2017". Regjeringen.no. 22 April 2016.
7. "Høyre og konservatismen - Høyre". Hoyre.no. 2008-11-25. Archived from the original on 2013-12-03. Retrieved 2015-05-14.
8. Allern 2010, p. 26: "The Norwegian Progress Party is...traditionally characterised as a borderline case of the extreme or radical right (Ignazi 1992: 13–15; Kitschelt 1995: 121; Ignazi 2003: 157), and Mudde (2007:19) characterises FrP as a non-radical populist party"; see also: p.212.
9. Widfeldt 2014, p. 83: "The academic literature is not unanimous in classifying FrP as an extreme right party. Cas Mudde, in his book from 2007, argues that FrP does not belong to the populist radical right family... Instead, he classifies FrP as a "neoliberal populist party". Other writers, however, do place FrP in the same category...even if they in some cases do so with qualifications"; see also: p.16.
10. "Forskere: Frp er høyrepopulistisk", Verdens Gang (NTB), 14.09.2013. "- Ja, de er høyrepopulister. Men sammenlignet med andre slike partier i Europa er de en moderat utgave og har sterkere innslag av liberalkonservative strømninger, sier Jupskås." ("Yes, they are right-wing populists. But compared to similar parties in Europe, they are a moderate version, and have stronger elements of liberal-conservative currents, Jupskås (Anders Ravik Jupskås, lecturer Department of Political Science, University of Oslo) says.")
11. "Høyre og Frp frir til konservativt Sp - Aftenposten". Aftenposten.no. 2013-04-05. Retrieved 2015-05-14.
12. "KrF og Venstre må holde sammen - Venstre". Venstre.no. 2013-03-09. Retrieved 2015-05-14.
13. "Historiske slagord og plakater". Arbeiderpartiet (in Norwegian Bokmål). Retrieved 2024-03-19.
14. "Han rappet Erna Solbergs slagord. Slik skjedde det". www.aftenposten.no (in Norwegian Bokmål). 2017-03-24. Retrieved 2024-03-24.
15. Silsand, Av Oddmar Mathiassen, KrF-medlem (2017-03-31). "«Slagord — forstå det den som kan»". folkebladet.no (in Norwegian). Retrieved 2024-03-24.
16. "170809 Debatt 'Valgkampens første duell mellom Erna Solberg og Jonas Gahr Støre'". 9 August 2017.
17. "Partilederdebatt". 15 August 2015.
18. "Partilederdebatt". 15 August 2015.
19. Duell mellom Listhaug og Hareide , retrieved 2024-02-17
20. "Hareide avlyser debatt med Listhaug". www.aftenbladet.no (in Norwegian Bokmål). 2017-09-05. Retrieved 2024-02-17.
21. "Partilederdebatt". 15 August 2015.
22. "Partilederdebatt". 15 August 2015.
23. "pollofpolls.no - Gjennomsnitt av nasjonale meningsmålinger om stortingsvalg". www.pollofpolls.no. Retrieved 2017-09-11.
24. "Kristelig Folkeparti - Valgforskning" . Retrieved 16 February 2024.
25. "Norway's Christian Democrats Quit Government Negotiations". The Local. 28 September 2017. Retrieved 29 September 2017.
26. Erna Solberg: Her er den blågrønne regjeringens plattform NRK, 14 January 2018
27. Schaart, Eline (2018-11-02). "Norwegian government safe after Christian party votes to join its ranks". Politico Europe. Retrieved 29 January 2019.
28. Henry, Galaxy (2019-01-18). "Norway: PM Solberg strikes deal to form center-right majority". Politico Europe. Retrieved 29 January 2019.
29. Tjernshaugen, Karen; Ole Ask, Alf; Ruud, Solveig; Magne, Kjetil. "Frp går ut av regjeringen. Nå er stolleken om hvem som skal overta statsrådspostene i gang". Aftenposten (in Norwegian Bokmål).
30. "Norway left with minority government after populists quit". ABC News.
31. "Norway PM Solberg says to stay in office with minority government".

Further reading

• Allern, Elin Haugsgjerd (2010). Political Parties and Interest Groups in Norway. ECPR Press. ISBN   9780955820366.
• Bernt Arndal and Johannes Bergh. 2018. "The 2017 Norwegian election." West European Politics
• Widfeldt, Anders (2014). Extreme Right in Scandinavia. Routledge. ISBN   9781134502158.