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 Norwayportal |
A referendum on dissolving the union with Sweden was held in Norway on 13 August 1905. [1] Dissolving the union, which had been in place since 1814, was approved by almost 100% of voters, with just 184 voting against the proposal out of over 371,000 votes cast. [2]
On 27 May 1905 the Storting passed a bill supported by the government of Christian Michelsen calling for the establishment of separate Norwegian consulates. Under the terms of the union, Norway and Sweden shared a common foreign policy. King Oscar II vetoed the bill. Rather than countersign it as the king demanded, the government resigned. Oscar refused to accept the resignations, claiming he could not form a replacement government.
On 7 June the Storting declared the union dissolved because Oscar had effectively abandoned his functions as King of Norway by failing to appoint a new government. The Swedish government was prepared to dissolve the union, provided the Norwegian people agreed to it in a referendum.
The question presented to the voters (only men had suffrage in Norway at the time) was whether they approved of the "already completed dissolution of the union" ("den stedfundne Opløsning af Unionen"). The wording was carefully considered to clarify that the Storting considered the union out of force even if the Swedish government insisted it could be dissolved only upon mutual consent.
The Storting announced the referendum on 27 July, [1] anticipating the Swedish demands, thereby avoiding the appearance that it was scheduled in response to Stockholm's demands.
Although women did not have a vote, Norwegian suffragists started a campaign to collect signatures in favour of the dissolution and presented 244,765 signatures in favour of the dissolution within two weeks.
| Choice | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|
| For | 368,208 | 99.95 | |
| Against | 184 | 0.05 | |
| Total | 368,392 | 100.00 | |
| Valid votes | 368,392 | 99.05 | |
| Invalid/blank votes | 3,519 | 0.95 | |
| Total votes | 371,911 | 100.00 | |
| Registered voters/turnout | 435,376 | 85.42 | |
| Source: Nohlen & Stöver | |||
The referendum was followed by negotiations in Karlstad. [1] The two countries reached an agreement on 23 September, which was approved by the Norwegian and Swedish parliaments on 9 October and 13 October, respectively. Oscar gave up all claims to the Norwegian throne on 26 October. In November, Prince Carl of Denmark was elected as Norway's first independent king in over five centuries, assuming the throne as Haakon VII.
Haakon VII was King of Norway from 18 November 1905 until his death in 1957.
The Constitution of Norway was adopted on 16 May and signed on 17 May 1814 by the Norwegian Constituent Assembly at Eidsvoll. The latter date is the National Day of Norway; it marks the establishment of the constitution.
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Sweden and Norway or Sweden–Norway, officially the United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway, and known as the United Kingdoms, was a personal union of the separate kingdoms of Sweden and Norway under a common monarch and common foreign policy that lasted from 1814 until its peaceful dissolution in 1905.
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Peter Christian Hersleb Kjerschow Michelsen, better known as Christian Michelsen, was a Norwegian shipping magnate and statesman. He was the first prime minister of independent Norway and Norway's 9th prime minister from 1905 to 1907. Michelsen is most known for his central role in the dissolution of the union between Norway and Sweden in 1905, and was one of Norway's most influential politicians of his time.
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In 1814, the Kingdom of Norway made a brief and ultimately unsuccessful attempt to regain its independence. While Norway had always legally been a separate kingdom, since the 16th century it had shared a monarch with Denmark; Norway was a subordinate partner in the combined state, whose government was based in Copenhagen. Due to its alliance with France during the Napoleonic Wars, Denmark was forced to sign the Treaty of Kiel in January 1814 ceding Norway to Sweden.
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Events in the year 1905 in Norway.
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