Football in Poland

Last updated
Football in Poland
National Stadium Warsaw aerial view 1.jpg
Country Poland
Governing body PZPN
National team(s) Poland Men
Poland Women
First played1921;103 years ago (1921)
National competitions
Club competitions
International competitions
Audience records
Single match Górnik Z. vs. Austria W.
18 September 1963
Stadion Śląski
120,000 spectators
The Stadion Miejski in Gdansk. PGE Arena outside.jpg
The Stadion Miejski in Gdańsk.

Football is the most popular sport in Poland. Over 400,000 Poles play football regularly, with millions more playing occasionally. The first professional clubs were founded in the early 1900s, and the Poland national football team played its first international match in 1921.

Contents

There are hundreds of professional and amateur football teams in Poland; which are under the auspices of the national 1st league, 2nd level, 3rd level, 4 parallel divisions of 4th level, 20 regional parallel divisions of 5th level and a variety of other lower-level leagues. Additionally, there are the Polish Cup and Polish Supercup competitions.

History

Polish fans during the 2006 FIFA World Cup. Polish football (soccer) fans - FIFA World Cup 2006 (03).jpg
Polish fans during the 2006 FIFA World Cup.

The history of football in Poland started in the late 19th century with the rising popularity of the new sport. At the time, the Polish state was partitioned. The first decades of Polish football are therefore connected with the history of Football in Austria and the Austrian Football Association, which was founded in 1904.

The first Polish football clubs were Lechia Lwów (1903), Czarni Lwów (1903), Pogoń Lwów (1904), KS Cracovia (1906) and Wisła Kraków (1906). The Polish national federation, called the Polish Football Union (Polski Związek Piłki Nożnej, PZPN), was founded on 20 December 1919, in Kraków when 31 delegates elected Edward Cetnarowski as the first president. The PZPN joined FIFA in 1923 and UEFA in 1955.

In a similar fashion to other European states, football appeared in Poland in the late 19th century. In 1888 Prof. Henryk Jordan, a court physician of the Habsburgs and the pioneer of sports in Poland, opened a sports park in Kraków's Błonia , a large open space surrounding the demolished city walls of that town. The park, along with the Sokół society founded in 1867, became the main centres to promote sports and healthy living in Poland. It was Jordan who began promoting football as a healthy sport in the open air; some sources also credit him with bringing the first football to Poland from his travels to Brunswick in 1890. [1] Other sources [2] mention Dr. Edmund Cenar as the one to bring the first ball and the one to translate The Cambridge Rules and parts of the International Football Association Board regulations to Polish language.

On 14 July 1894 during the Second Sokół Jamboree in Lwów a short football match was played between the Sokół members of Lwów and those from Kraków. It lasted only six minutes and was seen as a curiosity rather than a potentially popular sport. Nevertheless, it was the first recorded football match in Polish history. [lower-alpha 1] It was won by the Lwów team after Włodzimierz Chomicki scored the only goal - the first known goal in Polish history.

This match precipitated the popularity of the new sport in Poland. Initially the rules and regulations were very simplified, with the size of the field and the ball varying greatly. Despite being discouraged by many educational societies and the state authorities, the new sport gained extreme popularity among pupils of various gymnasiums in Galicia. The first football teams were formed and in 1903–1904, four Lwów-based gymnasiums formed their own sport clubs: the IV Gymnasium for Boys formed a club later renamed to Pogoń Lwów, while the pupils of the I and II State Schools formed the Sława Lwów club, later renamed to Czarni Lwów. In the same season the Lechia Lwów was also formed. It is uncertain which of the clubs was created first as they were initially poorly organized; however, the Czarni Lwów are usually credited as being the first Polish professional football team. The following year, the popularity of the sport spread to nearby Rzeszów where Resovia Rzeszów was formed, while in the German-held part of Poland, the 1. FC Katowice and Warta Poznań were formed.

On 6 June 1906 a representation of Lwów youth came to Kraków for a repeat match, this time composed of two already organized teams, the Czarni and the team of the IV Gymnasium. Kraków's representation was badly beaten in both meetings (4-0 and 2-0 respectively). The same summer the Buffalo Bill Wild West Show set up camp at Kraków's Błonia, right outside of the traditional playground area and Jordan's garden. On 5 August 1906 the team of the Kraków-based Jan Sobieski Gymnasium played a match against the British and American members of Buffalo Bill's troupe, winning 1–0. The only goal scored by Stanisław Szeligowski was also the first goal scored by a Polish team in an international meeting. The success led to the popularisation of football in Kraków and to creation of the first Kraków-based professional football team, KS Cracovia - initially composed primarily of students of the Jan Sobieski Gymnasium. [1] By the autumn of that year there were already 16 teams in Kraków, including Wisła Kraków (It is said that actually Wisła Kraków was the first professional football team and not Cracovia). In 1911, a Kraków-based Union of Polish Football for Galicia was formed and entered the Austrian Football Association. The union inspired the creation of a number of teams.

After the outbreak of World War I, most of the Galician football players, many of them members of either Strzelec or Sokół, joined Piłsudski's Polish Legions. The unit, fighting alongside the Austro-Hungarian Army, fought mostly in various parts of Russian-held Poland, which led to popularisation of the new sport in other parts of Poland. After Poland regained her independence, on 21 December 1919 the Polish Football Association (PZPN) was formed. Headed by Edward Centrarowski, it united most of the then-existent Polish football clubs. The league could not be formed due to the Polish-Bolshevik War, but in 1922 the PZPN published the rules of football [3] and the following year it joined FIFA. In 1921 the league was resumed and the first champions of Poland were KS Cracovia, followed by Pogoń Lwów in 1922, 1923, 1925 and 1926. As Poland was then a fully independent state, in 1921 the Poland national football team was formed. On 18 December 1921 it played its first international match in Budapest against the Hungarian team and was defeated 1–0. In the third international match in Stockholm on 28 May 1922 Poland defeated Sweden 2–1, scoring its first international victory.

During World War II, football in occupied Poland was subject to significant restrictions (see Football in occupied Poland (1939–1945)) for more.

In 1955 the PZPN became one of the founding members of UEFA.

Women's football

In 1979, a Polish women's football league, Ekstraliga, was established.

Poland women's national football team, unlike the men's, has never qualified for a major tournament, though the team has come close in qualifying for a major tournament since 2010s.

Corruption in Polish football

In 2005, Polish authorities began an investigation into widespread corruption within Polish football.

In July 2006, the Polish sports minister criticized the PZPN (Polish Football Association) for failing to take adequate steps to fight corruption, and announced an audit of the organization. In January 2007, PZPN board member Wit Żelazko was arrested by Wrocław police. Shortly thereafter, the entire PZPN board was suspended by the sports ministry. This move displeased FIFA which announced that the principle of autonomy of football associations was of utmost importance. The Polish sports ministry, Prime Minister Jarosław Kaczyński, and most fans felt that the battle against corruption was more important, [4] but when FIFA threatened sanctions, the sports ministry backed down and agreed to re-instate the PZPN board.

In September 2008, the Polish Olympic Committee made a request to the Polish Arbitration Tribunal to suspend the management of the PZPN a second time, stating that the PZPN was guilty of "[violating] its statutes in a continuous and flagrant fashion." [5] This request was granted and Robert Zawłocki was named as temporary administrator. However, FIFA again threatened to suspend Polish teams from international competition.

On 15 April 2009, the total number of arrests reached 200, including referees, observers, coaches, players as well as some high-ranking officials of the PZPN. [6] [7] By the end of April 2009, only 15 referees remained who were allowed to preside over top-flight matches. [8]

World Cup

Poland national football team have qualified for the finals on eight occasions, the last time in for the 2018 FIFA World Cup.

Table

YearResultPositionGPWD*LGSGA
Flag of Uruguay.svg 1930 did not enter
Flag of Italy (1861-1946).svg 1934
Flag of France.svg 1938 Round 111th100156
Flag of Brazil (1889-1960).svg 1950 did not enter
Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg 1954
Flag of Sweden.svg 1958 did not qualify
Flag of Chile.svg 1962
Flag of England.svg 1966
Flag of Mexico.svg 1970
Flag of Germany.svg 1974 Third place3rd7601165
Flag of Argentina.svg 1978 Second group stage5th631266
Flag of Spain.svg 1982 Third place3rd7331115
Flag of Mexico.svg 1986 Round of 1614th411217
Flag of Italy.svg 1990 did not qualify
Flag of the United States.svg 1994
Flag of France.svg 1998
Flag of South Korea.svg Flag of Japan.svg 2002 Group stage25th310237
Flag of Germany.svg 2006 Group stage21st310224
Flag of South Africa.svg 2010 did not qualify
Flag of Brazil.svg 2014
Flag of Russia.svg 2018 Group stage25th310225
Flag of Qatar.svg 2022 Round of 1615th411235
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Flag of Mexico.svg Flag of the United States.svg 2026
TotalThird place8/2138176154950

European Competitions

UEFA Champions League

The following teams have qualified at least to 1/2 finals in old European Champion Clubs' Cup format and, since 1992/93 season, at least group stage in the UEFA Champions League:

UEFA Europa League

The following teams have qualified for elimination rounds in the UEFA Europa League.

UEFA Euro

Poland have participated in four UEFA European Championships so far: Euro 2008, Euro 2012, Euro 2016 and Euro 2020.

On 18 April 2007 the President of UEFA, Michel Platini, announced that the hosts of the 2012 UEFA European Football Championship would be Poland and Ukraine. Both countries automatically qualified for the event.

Table

UEFA European Championship record
YearRoundPositionGPWD*LGSGA
Flag of France.svg 1960 Did not qualify
Flag of Spain (1945-1977).svg 1964
Flag of Italy.svg 1968
Flag of Belgium (civil).svg 1972
Flag of Yugoslavia (1946-1992).svg 1976
Flag of Italy.svg 1980
Flag of France.svg 1984
Flag of Germany.svg 1988
Flag of Sweden.svg 1992
Flag of England.svg 1996
Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Flag of the Netherlands.svg 2000
Flag of Portugal.svg 2004
Flag of Austria.svg Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg 2008 Group Stage14th301214
Flag of Poland.svg Flag of Ukraine.svg 2012 Group Stage14th302123
Flag of France.svg 2016 Quarter-finals5th523042
Flag of Europe.svg 2020 Group Stage14th301246
Flag of Germany.svg 2024 --------
Total--142751115

Largest football stadiums in Poland

#ImageStadiumCapacityLocationRegionHome TeamOpened
1 Stadion Narodowy w Warszawie 20120422.jpg Stadion Narodowy 58,580 Warsaw POL wojewodztwo mazowieckie flag.svg  Masovian Poland 2012 [9]
2 Widok bramka.jpg Stadion Śląski 55,211 Chorzów POL wojewodztwo slaskie flag.svg  Silesian Poland 1956 [10]
3 Wroclaw, Stadion Miejski - fotopolska.eu (265184).jpg Tarczyński Arena Wrocław 45,105 Wrocław POL woj dolnoslaskie FLAG 2009.svg  Lower Silesian Śląsk Wrocław 2011 [11]
4 Stadion Lecha Poznan. 2010-11-03 (2).JPG Stadion Lecha 42,837 Poznań POL wojewodztwo wielkopolskie flag.svg  Greater Poland Lech Poznań 1980 [12]
5 PGE Arena outside.jpg Polsat Plus Arena Gdańsk 41,620 Gdańsk POL wojewodztwo pomorskie flag.svg  Pomeranian Lechia Gdańsk 2011 [13]

See also

Notes

  1. In fact there was a previous meeting mentioned by the press in Kraków in 1892, though no details are known

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References

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