Turkish presidential elections

Last updated

Turkish presidential elections are held in Turkey as part of the general elections every five years, to determine who will serve as the President of Turkey.

Contents

There have been 22 elections for the President of Turkey since the establishment of the republic in 1923, electing 12 distinct Turkish citizens as president. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and İsmet İnönü were elected four times, Celal Bayar and Recep Tayyip Erdoğan were elected three times, Cemal Gürsel, Cevdet Sunay, Fahri Korutürk, Turgut Özal, Süleyman Demirel, Ahmet Necdet Sezer and Abdullah Gül were each elected once. Kenan Evren became the president without an election, so that he assumed the title by the ratification of the present constitution on 7 November 1982 (Constitution of Turkey provisional article 1).

History

Throughout the years, the nature and importance of Turkish presidential elections have changed as a result of constitutional amendments.

Indirect elections (1923-2014)

Before 2014, the President was elected by MPs in the Turkish parliament.

Direct elections since 2014

The 2014 presidential elections was the first direct election of a President, a result of a 2007 referendum created and backed by the ruling Justice and Development Party (AK party).

Presidential system since 2018

Following the approval of constitutional changes in a referendum held in 2017, the elected President became both the head of state and head of government. [1] As a result, the parliamentary system of government was replaced with an executive presidency and a presidential system. [2]

Acting presidents

In case of a temporary absence of the president on account of illness, travel abroad, or similar circumstances, the Vice President serves as acting president, and exercises the powers of the president until the president resumes his functions, and if the presidency falls vacant as a result of death or resignation or for any other reason, until the election of a new president.

List of Turkish presidential elections

ElectionsDateEligible votersNumber of votesNumber of
candidates		WinnerNumber of Votes
for Winner		Percentage of Vote
Indirect elections
1st election 29 October 19232861581 Mustafa Kemal Atatürk 158100
2nd election 1 November 19273162881 Mustafa Kemal Atatürk 288100
3rd election 4 May 19313172891 Mustafa Kemal Atatürk 289100
4th election 1 March 19353993861 Mustafa Kemal Atatürk 386100
5th election 11 November 19383993481 İsmet İnönü 348100
6th election 3 April 19394294131 İsmet İnönü 413100
7th election 8 March 19434554351 İsmet İnönü 435100
8th election 5 June 19464654513 İsmet İnönü 38886
9th election 22 May 19504874532 Celâl Bayar 38785
10th election 14 May 19545415132 Celâl Bayar 48695
11th election 1 November 19576386071 Celâl Bayar 43471
12th election 26 October 19615415131 Cemal Gürsel 48695
13th election 28 March 19666365322 Cevdet Sunay 46187
14th election 6 April 19736355574 Fahri Korutürk 36566
15th election 12 March 1980---- [a] --
16th election 31 October 19894502852 Turgut Özal 26392
17th election 16 May 19934504314 Süleyman Demirel 24457
18th election 5 May 200055053310 Ahmet Necdet Sezer 33062
19th election 28 August 20075504483 Abdullah Gül 33976
Direct elections
20th election 10 August 201455,892,85841,026,0213 Recep Tayyip Erdoğan 21,000,14351.8
21st election 24 June 201859,367,46951,197,9596 Recep Tayyip Erdoğan 26,330,82352.6
22nd election 28 May 202364,197,41954,023,6164 Recep Tayyip Erdoğan 27,834,69252.2

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ The ongoing election was called off because of the 1980 coup d'état.

References

  1. ↑ Topping, Alexandra (16 April 2017). "Turkey referendum: Erdoğan wins vote amid dispute over ballots – as it happened". The Guardian. Retrieved 16 March 2022.
  2. ↑ "Turkish parliament nears approval of presidential system sought by Erdoğan". Reuters. 19 January 2017.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.