List of Turkish football champions

Turkish football championships

Organising body	Turkish Football Federation
Founded	1924
Country	Turkey
Number of teams	20
Level on pyramid	Level 1
Current champions	Galatasaray (2022–23)
Most championships	All-time: Fenerbahçe (28 titles) [1] Recognized: Galatasaray (23 titles)
Current: 2023–24

Football team of Harbiye in 1924, the first national champions in Turkish football history

The Turkish football champions are the annual winners of the highest association football competition in Turkey. Brought to the country by Englishmen, the sport had first taken root in Istanbul, where the Istanbul Football League was founded and became the first football league in Turkey. Other regional and local leagues followed in other major cities, such as Ankara (1922), Adana (1924), Eskişehir (1924), and İzmir (1924).

The first competition to bring forth a national champion was the Turkish Football Championship (Turkish : Türkiye Futbol Şampiyonası), which began in 1924 and continued until 1951. ^[2] The championship format was based on a knockout competition, contested between the winners of each of the country's top regional leagues. At the end of the 1924 edition, Harbiye were the first club to be crowned champions after completing their fixture unbeaten. ^[3] They are also the only club who have ever changed their name after winning a championship title, changing their name to Harp Okulu after the first of their three titles. Started in 1937, the National Division (Turkish: Millî Küme) was the first national league competition and was held until 1950. ^[4]

A few years later, in 1959, the professional nationwide league was introduced, currently known as the Süper Lig. The league is contested on a double round-robin basis and the championship is awarded to the team that is top of the league at the end of the season. The league originally contained 16 teams. Today the Süper Lig is contested by 18 teams. Of the founding clubs in the league, only Beşiktaş, Fenerbahçe, and Galatasaray have not been relegated to date. Galatasaray are the most successful Süper Lig club with 23 titles. Fenerbahçe are the most successful club including championships before the start of Süper Lig (1959), having won 28 titles in total so far. ^{[5] [6]} However, the Turkish Football Federation denies and does not recognise the titles won in the former Turkish Football Championship and National Division, even though they were official championships organised by the TFF itself.

Currently there is an ongoing case concerning the recognition of the titles before 1957 by the TFF, after several clubs have formally appealed to the federation for officially recognizing the titles in question. ^[7]

History

Early history and former championships

Turkish newspaper Cumhuriyet announcing the Turkish championship title of Fenerbahçe on its front page on 11 November 1933.

Football in Turkey stems back to the late 19th century, when Englishmen brought the game with them while living in Salonica (then part of the Turkish Empire). ^[8] The first league competition was the Istanbul Football League, a regional league for Istanbul clubs which took place for the first time in the 1904–05 season. Shortly after the foundation of the Turkish Republic and the Turkish Football Federation (TFF), several other regional leagues were officially established (or gained official status as some were already founded earlier) in various major cities: Ankara (1922), Adana (1924), Bursa (1924), Eskişehir (1924), İzmir (1924), and Trabzon (1922). ^[9]

The first competition to bring forth a national champion was the Turkish Football Championship (Turkish : Türkiye Futbol Şampiyonası), which began in 1924 and continued until 1951. ^[10] The championship format was based on a knockout competition, contested between the winners of the country's top regional leagues. In some of the early years, the championship could not be held due to insufficient funds. ^[11]

Turkish newspaper Tanin announcing the Championship title of Fenerbahçe on its sports page on 21 May 1945.

Started in 1937, the National Division (Turkish: Millî Küme) was a national league competition between the strongest clubs of Ankara, Istanbul, and İzmir, which hosted the strongest regional leagues in those decades. The league lasted until 1950. ^[12] From 1940 to 1950, both top-level championships existed at the same time, which resulted in there being two national champions within a year. Since the National Division was based on a league format, with home and away matches on a regular basis and a higher number of matches overall, it was more popular and competitive than the Turkish Championship and overshadowed it.

Introduction of professionalism and Süper Lig

In 1951 the TFF introduced professionalism in Turkish football. Shortly after, the top-level Istanbul League and the clubs playing there adopted professionalism, while the Ankara and İzmir clubs followed some years later in 1955. After that point the Turkish Football Championship was no longer open to professional clubs, hence the professional departments of the Istanbul clubs could no longer participate in the championship. As a result the former Turkish Football Championship lost its first level status. Since there was no top-level national champion in the period from 1952 to 1955, the Turkish federation sent Galatasaray, winners of the 1955–56 Istanbul League, to the European Cup in the 1956–57 season.

Protests of some Ankara and İzmir clubs regarding this decision, as well as UEFA deciding to only accept national champions to the European Cup from that season on induced the TFF to establish the Federation Cup in 1956. The competition took place as a knock-out tournament to decide a national champion. The Federation Cup was held for two years until it was replaced by the Süper Lig (then known as Millî Lig) in 1959. Beşiktaş won both editions and earned the right to represent Turkey twice in the European Cup during the two-year span. However, since the Turkish Football Federation failed to register them for the draw in time, they were not able to participate in the 1957–58 season after all. ^{[13] [14]}

After some years of preparation and planning, the professional nationwide league called Millî Lig (National League) was finally introduced in 1959. Eligible for the newly established nationwide league were the top clubs of the regional Ankara, Istanbul, and İzmir leagues. The inaugural season took place in the calendar year of 1959, instead of 1958–59, since the regional leagues leading to qualification took place in 1958. The clubs competing in the first season were Adalet, Beşiktaş, Galatasaray, Beykoz, Karagümrük, Fenerbahçe, İstanbulspor, Vefa (all from Istanbul), Ankaragücü, Ankara Demirspor, Gençlerbirliği, Hacettepe (all from Ankara), Altay, Göztepe, İzmirspor, and Karşıyaka (all from İzmir). The first champions were Fenerbahçe and the first "Gol Kralı" (top scorer) was Metin Oktay. ^[15]

The 2. Lig (Second League) was created at the start of the 1963–64 season and the National League (Millî Lig) became known as the 1. Lig (First League). After the creation of a new second division in 2001, from then on known as 1. Lig, the formerly titled 1. Lig became the current Süper Lig. ^[16]

Champions

According to historians' analysis of the 2002 Turkish Football Federation Arbitration Court decision, which stated that the Turkish League Championships began before 1959 and the championships before 1959 cannot be left uncounted. ^{[17] [18]}

Turkish Football Championship (1924–1951)

The numbers in parentheses indicate the number of titles won in total since 1924.

(not recognised by TFF)

Season	Winners [5] [19]	Runners-up [5]	Leading goalscorer [20]	Goals
1924	Harbiye (1)	Bahriye	not available
1925–26	Not held due to insufficient funds.
1927	Muhafızgücü (1)	Altınordu	not available
1928–31	Not held due to the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam and insufficient funds.
1932	İstanbulspor (1)	Altınordu	not available
1933	Fenerbahçe (1)	İzmirspor	Zeki Rıza (Fenerbahçe)	10
1934	Beşiktaş (1)	Altay	not available
1935	Fenerbahçe (2)	Altınordu	not available
1936–39	Not held due to the introduction of the National Division.
1940	Eskişehir Demirspor (1)	Fenerbahçe	not available
1941	Gençlerbirliği (1)	Beşiktaş	not available
1942	Harp Okulu (2)	Göztepe	not available
1943	Not held
1944	Fenerbahçe (3)	Harp Okulu	not available
1945	Harp Okulu (3)	İzmit Harp Filosu	not available
1946	Gençlerbirliği (2)	Beşiktaş	not available
1947	Ankara Demirspor (1)	Fenerbahçe	not available
1948	Not held due to the 1948 Summer Olympics in London.
1949	Ankaragücü (1)	Galatasaray	not available
1950	Göztepe (1)	Gençlerbirliği	not available
1951	Beşiktaş (5)	Altay	not available

National Division (1937–1950)

(not recognised by TFF)

Season	Winners [5] [12]	Runners-up [5]	Third place [21]	Leading goalscorer [20] [22]	Goals
1937	Fenerbahçe (4)	Galatasaray	Beşiktaş	Said Altınordu (Üçok)	13
1938	Güneş (1)	Beşiktaş	Galatasaray	Şeref Görkey (Beşiktaş)	13
1939	Galatasaray (1)	Ankara Demirspor	AS-FA Gücü	Cemil Erlertürk (Galatasaray) Hakkı Yeten (Beşiktaş)	13
1940	Fenerbahçe (5)	Galatasaray	Muhafızgücü	Melih Kotanca (Fenerbahçe)	23
1941	Beşiktaş (2)	Galatasaray	Fenerbahçe	Hakkı Yeten (Beşiktaş)	18
1942	Not held as a result of the weather conditions and the delayed conclusion of the Istanbul League.
1943	Fenerbahçe (6)	Galatasaray	Beşiktaş	Şeref Görkey (Beşiktaş)	13
1944	Beşiktaş (3)	Fenerbahçe	Göztepe	Kemal Gülçelik (Beşiktaş) Hakkı Yeten (Beşiktaş)	15
1945	Fenerbahçe (7)	Beşiktaş	Galatasaray	Melih Kotanca (Fenerbahçe)	17
1946	Fenerbahçe (8)	Beşiktaş	Kayagücü	Melih Kotanca (Fenerbahçe)	12
1947	Beşiktaş (4)	Fenerbahçe	Galatasaray	İsmet Artun (Vefa) Şükrü Gülesin (Beşiktaş)	12
1948	Not held due to the 1948 Summer Olympics in London.
1949	Not held due to the Mediterranean Cup.
1950	Fenerbahçe (9)	Galatasaray	Beşiktaş	Lefter Küçükandonyadis (Fenerbahçe)	14

Federation Cup (1956–1958)

(recognized by TFF since 2002)

Season	Winners [5] [23]	Runners-up [21]	Third place [21]	Leading goalscorer [20] [24]	Goals
1956–57	Beşiktaş (6)	Galatasaray	Altay	Nazmi Bilge (Beşiktaş)	8
1957–58	Beşiktaş (7)	Galatasaray	—	Lefter Küçükandonyadis (Fenerbahçe) Metin Oktay (Galatasaray)	10

Süper Lig (1959–present)

Season	Winners [5] [23]	Runners-up [21]	Third place [21]	Leading goalscorer [20] [25]	Goals
1959	Fenerbahçe (10)	Galatasaray	—	Metin Oktay (Galatasaray)	11
1959–60	Beşiktaş (8)	Fenerbahçe	Galatasaray	Metin Oktay (Galatasaray)	33
1960–61	Fenerbahçe (11)	Galatasaray	Beşiktaş	Metin Oktay (Galatasaray)	36
1961–62	Galatasaray (2)	Fenerbahçe	Beşiktaş	Fikri Elma (Ankara Demirspor)	21
1962–63	Galatasaray (3)	Beşiktaş	Fenerbahçe	Metin Oktay (Galatasaray)	38
1963–64	Fenerbahçe (12)	Beşiktaş	Galatasaray	Güven Önüt (Beşiktaş)	19
1964–65	Fenerbahçe (13)	Beşiktaş	Galatasaray	Metin Oktay (Galatasaray)	17
1965–66	Beşiktaş (9)	Galatasaray	Gençlerbirliği	Ertan Adatepe (Ankaragücü)	20
1966–67	Beşiktaş (10)	Fenerbahçe	Galatasaray	Ertan Adatepe (Ankaragücü)	18
1967–68	Fenerbahçe (14)	Beşiktaş	Galatasaray	Fevzi Zemzem (Göztepe)	19
1968–69	Galatasaray (4)	Eskişehirspor	Beşiktaş	Metin Oktay (Galatasaray)	17
1969–70	Fenerbahçe (15)	Eskişehirspor	Altay	Fethi Heper (Eskişehirspor)	13
1970–71	Galatasaray (5)	Fenerbahçe	Göztepe	Ogün Altıparmak (Fenerbahçe)	16
1971–72	Galatasaray (6)	Eskişehirspor	Fenerbahçe	Fethi Heper (Eskişehirspor)	20
1972–73	Galatasaray (7)	Fenerbahçe	Eskişehirspor	Osman Arpacıoğlu (Fenerbahçe)	16
1973–74	Fenerbahçe (16)	Beşiktaş	Boluspor	Cemil Turan (Fenerbahçe)	14
1974–75	Fenerbahçe (17)	Galatasaray	Eskişehirspor	Ömer Kaner (Eskişehirspor)	14
1975–76	Trabzonspor (1)	Fenerbahçe	Galatasaray	Cemil Turan (Fenerbahçe) Ali Osman Renklibay (Ankaragücü)	17
1976–77	Trabzonspor (2)	Fenerbahçe	Altay	Necmi Perekli (Trabzonspor)	18
1977–78	Fenerbahçe (18)	Trabzonspor	Galatasaray	Cemil Turan (Fenerbahçe)	17
1978–79	Trabzonspor (3)	Galatasaray	Fenerbahçe	Özer Umdu (Adanaspor)	15
1979–80	Trabzonspor (4)	Fenerbahçe	Zonguldakspor	Mustafa Denizli (Altay) Bahtiyar Yorulmaz (Bursaspor)	12
1980–81	Trabzonspor (5)	Adanaspor	Galatasaray	Bora Öztürk (Adanaspor)	15
1981–82	Beşiktaş (11)	Trabzonspor	Fenerbahçe	Selçuk Yula (Fenerbahçe)	16
1982–83	Fenerbahçe (19)	Trabzonspor	Galatasaray	Selçuk Yula (Fenerbahçe)	19
1983–84	Trabzonspor (6)	Fenerbahçe	Galatasaray	Tarik Hodžić (Galatasaray)	16
1984–85	Fenerbahçe (20)	Beşiktaş	Trabzonspor	Aykut Yiğit (Sakaryaspor)	20
1985–86	Beşiktaş (12)	Galatasaray	Samsunspor	Tanju Çolak (Samsunspor)	33
1986–87	Galatasaray (8)	Beşiktaş	Samsunspor	Tanju Çolak (Samsunspor)	25
1987–88	Galatasaray (9)	Beşiktaş	Malatyaspor	Tanju Çolak (Galatasaray)	39
1988–89	Fenerbahçe (21)	Beşiktaş	Galatasaray	Aykut Kocaman (Fenerbahçe)	29
1989–90	Beşiktaş (13)	Fenerbahçe	Trabzonspor	Feyyaz Uçar (Beşiktaş)	28
1990–91	Beşiktaş (14)	Galatasaray	Trabzonspor	Tanju Çolak (Galatasaray)	31
1991–92	Beşiktaş (15)	Fenerbahçe	Galatasaray	Aykut Kocaman (Fenerbahçe)	25
1992–93	Galatasaray (10)	Beşiktaş	Trabzonspor	Tanju Çolak (Fenerbahçe)	27
1993–94	Galatasaray (11)	Fenerbahçe	Trabzonspor	Bülent Uygun (Fenerbahçe)	22
1994–95	Beşiktaş (16)	Trabzonspor	Galatasaray	Aykut Kocaman (Fenerbahçe)	27
1995–96	Fenerbahçe (22)	Trabzonspor	Beşiktaş	Shota Arveladze (Trabzonspor)	25
1996–97	Galatasaray (12)	Beşiktaş	Fenerbahçe	Hakan Şükür (Galatasaray)	38
1997–98	Galatasaray (13)	Fenerbahçe	Trabzonspor	Hakan Şükür (Galatasaray)	33
1998–99	Galatasaray (14)	Beşiktaş	Fenerbahçe	Hakan Şükür (Galatasaray)	19
1999–2000	Galatasaray (15)	Beşiktaş	Gaziantepspor	Serkan Aykut (Samsunspor)	30
2000–01	Fenerbahçe (23)	Galatasaray	Gaziantepspor	Okan Yılmaz (Bursaspor)	23
2001–02	Galatasaray (16)	Fenerbahçe	Beşiktaş	Arif Erdem (Galatasaray) İlhan Mansız (Beşiktaş)	21
2002–03	Beşiktaş (17)	Galatasaray	Gençlerbirliği	Okan Yılmaz (Bursaspor)	24
2003–04	Fenerbahçe (24)	Trabzonspor	Beşiktaş	Zafer Biryol (Konyaspor)	25
2004–05	Fenerbahçe (25)	Trabzonspor	Galatasaray	Fatih Tekke (Trabzonspor)	31
2005–06	Galatasaray (17)	Fenerbahçe	Beşiktaş	Gökhan Ünal (Kayserispor)	25
2006–07	Fenerbahçe (26)	Beşiktaş	Galatasaray	Alex (Fenerbahçe)	19
2007–08	Galatasaray (18)	Fenerbahçe	Beşiktaş	Semih Şentürk (Fenerbahçe)	17
2008–09	Beşiktaş (18)	Sivasspor	Trabzonspor	Milan Baroš (Galatasaray)	20
2009–10	Bursaspor (1)	Fenerbahçe	Galatasaray	Ariza Makukula (Kayserispor)	21
2010–11	Fenerbahçe (27)	Trabzonspor	Bursaspor	Alex (Fenerbahçe)	28
2011–12	Galatasaray (19)	Fenerbahçe	Trabzonspor	Burak Yılmaz (Trabzonspor)	33
2012–13	Galatasaray (20)	Fenerbahçe	Beşiktaş	Burak Yılmaz (Galatasaray)	24
2013–14	Fenerbahçe (28)	Galatasaray	Beşiktaş	Aatif Chahechouhe (Sivasspor)	17
2014–15	Galatasaray (21)	Fenerbahçe	Beşiktaş	Fernandão (Bursaspor)	22
2015–16	Beşiktaş (19)	Fenerbahçe	Konyaspor	Mario Gómez (Beşiktaş)	26
2016–17	Beşiktaş (20)	İstanbul Başakşehir	Fenerbahçe	Vágner Love (Alanyaspor)	23
2017–18	Galatasaray (22)	Fenerbahçe	İstanbul Başakşehir	Bafétimbi Gomis (Galatasaray)	29
2018–19	Galatasaray (23)	İstanbul Başakşehir	Beşiktaş	Mbaye Diagne (Galatasaray)	30
2019–20	İstanbul Başakşehir (1)	Trabzonspor	Beşiktaş	Alexander Sørloth (Trabzonspor)	24
2020–21	Beşiktaş (21)	Galatasaray	Fenerbahçe	Aaron Boupendza (Hatayspor)	22
2021–22	Trabzonspor (7)	Fenerbahçe	Konyaspor	Umut Bozok (Kasımpaşa)	20
2022–23	Galatasaray (24)	Fenerbahçe	Beşiktaş	Enner Valencia (Fenerbahçe)	29

Performances

Over the history of the Turkish football championships 15 different clubs have won the title. The most successful club are Fenerbahçe with 28 titles to their credit, most of those coming in Süper Lig competition. They are also the most successful pre-Süper Lig club with 9 titles overall in that era, 6 of them won in the National Division and 3 in the former Turkish Football Championship. ^[26]

All-time performance (1924–present)

In the table below all national championship titles since 1924 are included, including the former Turkish Football Championship and National Division, which are denied and not recognized by the Turkish Football Federation, even though they were official championships organized by the TFF itself.

Club	Winners [5]	Runners-up	Winning years	Runners-up years
Fenerbahçe	28	28	1933, 1935, 1937, 1940, 1943, 1944, 1945, 1946, 1950, 1959, 1960–61, 1963–64, 1964–65, 1967–68, 1969–70, 1973–74, 1974–75, 1977–78, 1982–83, 1984–85, 1988–89, 1995–96, 2000–01, 2003–04, 2004–05, 2006–07, 2010–11, 2013–14	1940, 1944, 1947, 1947, 1959–60, 1961–62, 1966–67, 1970–71, 1972–73, 1975–76, 1976–77, 1979–80, 1983–84, 1989–90, 1991–92, 1993–94, 1997–98, 2001–02, 2005–06, 2007–08, 2009–10, 2011–12, 2012–13, 2014–15, 2015–16, 2017–18, 2021–22, 2022–23
Galatasaray	24	19	1939, 1961–62, 1962–63, 1968–69, 1970–71, 1971–72, 1972–73, 1986–87, 1987–88, 1992–93, 1993–94, 1996–97, 1997–98, 1998–99, 1999–2000, 2001–02, 2005–06, 2007–08, 2011–12, 2012–13, 2014–15, 2017–18, 2018–19, 2022–23	1937, 1940, 1941, 1943, 1949, 1950, 1956–57, 1957–58, 1959, 1960–61, 1965–66, 1974–75, 1978–79, 1985–86, 1990–91, 2000–01, 2002–03, 2013–14, 2020–21
Beşiktaş	21	19	1934, 1941, 1944, 1947, 1951, 1956–57, 1957–58, 1959–60, 1965–66, 1966–67, 1981–82, 1985–86, 1989–90, 1990–91, 1991–92, 1994–95, 2002–03, 2008–09, 2015–16, 2016–17, 2020–21	1938, 1941, 1945, 1946, 1946, 1962–63, 1963–64, 1964–65, 1967–68, 1973–74, 1984–85, 1986–87, 1987–88, 1988–89, 1992–93, 1996–97, 1998–99, 1999–2000, 2006–07
Trabzonspor	7	9	1975–76, 1976–77, 1978–79, 1979–80, 1980–81, 1983–84, 2021–22	1977–78, 1981–82, 1982–83, 1994–95, 1995–96, 2003–04, 2004–05, 2010–11, 2019–20
Harp Okulu	3	1	1924, 1942, 1945	1944
Gençlerbirliği	2	1	1941, 1946	1950
İstanbul Başakşehir	1	2	2019–20	2016–17, 2018–19
Göztepe	1	1	1950	1942
Ankara Demirspor	1	1	1947	1939
Bursaspor	1	—	2009–10	—
MKE Ankaragücü	1	—	1949	—
Eskişehir Demirspor	1	—	1940	—
Güneş	1	—	1938	—
İstanbulspor	1	—	1932	—
Muhafızgücü	1	—	1927	—

Performance since 1959

Only six clubs have been champions since the beginning of the Süper Lig in 1959: Galatasaray 23 times, Fenerbahçe 19 times, Beşiktaş 16 times (with an additional two titles counted for star purposes, see note below), Trabzonspor 7 times, and Bursaspor and Başakşehir once.

Club	Winners [23]	Runners-up	Winning years	Runners-up years
Galatasaray	23	13	1962, 1963, 1969, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1987, 1988, 1993, 1994, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2002, 2006, 2008, 2012, 2013, 2015, 2018, 2019, 2023	19571, 19581, 1959, 1961, 1966, 1975, 1979, 1986, 1991, 2001, 2003, 2014, 2021
Fenerbahçe	19	23	1959, 1961, 1964, 1965, 1968, 1970, 1974, 1975, 1978, 1983, 1985, 1989, 1996, 2001, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2011, 2014	1960, 1962, 1967, 1971, 1973, 1976, 1977, 1980, 1984, 1990, 1992, 1994, 1998, 2002, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2013, 2015, 2016, 2018, 2022
Beşiktaş	16	14	19571, 19581, 1960, 1966, 1967, 1982, 1986, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1995, 2003, 2009, 2016, 2017, 2021	1963, 1964, 1965, 1968, 1974, 1985, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1993, 1997, 1999, 2000, 2007
Trabzonspor	7	9	1976, 1977, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1984, 2022	1978, 1982, 1983, 1995, 1996, 2004, 2005, 2011, 2020
Başakşehir	1	2	2020	2017, 2019
Bursaspor	1	—	2010	—
Eskişehirspor	—	3	—	1969, 1970, 1972
Sivasspor	—	1	—	2009
Adanaspor	—	1	—	1981

¹ Beşiktaş formally requested that championships won in the 1956–57 and 1957–58 editions of the Turkish Federation Cup be counted as Turkish championship titles to the Turkish Football Federation. The Cup was established in 1956 to find a national champion to represent Turkey, after UEFA decided that only national champions could participate in the European Cup. ^[5] Beşiktaş had therefore earned the right to represent Turkey in the 1957–58 and 1958–59 seasons of the European Cup. ^[14] However, since the Turkish Football Federation failed to register them for the draw in time, they were not able to participate in the 1957–58 season after all. ^[13] The ruling on this matter was announced in a press release on March 25, 2002 which indicated that the championships won by Beşiktaş in the Federation Cup will be considered as national championship titles.

Star rating system

The honor of Golden Stars was introduced to recognize sides that have won multiple championships or other honours by the display of gold stars on their team badges and jerseys. In Turkey clubs are permitted to place a golden star above their crest for every five national championships won. For the 2018–19 season Galatasaray are permitted four golden stars, Fenerbahçe and Beşiktaş are permitted three golden stars, and Trabzonspor are permitted one golden star to be placed above their crest on their jerseys. ^[27]

See also

• Football records and statistics in Turkey
• List of Süper Lig top scorers

References

1. "FENERBAHÇE (FB) TOPLAM ŞAMPİYONLUK SAYISI". Hürriyet (Online) (in Turkish). 2023. Retrieved 12 April 2024. ... Fenerbahçe, toplamda 28 Türkiye şampiyonluğu ile en çok şampiyon olan Türk futbol takımıdır. Süper Lig'de 19 kez, Millî Küme'de 6, Türkiye Futbol Şampiyonası'nda ise 3 kez birinci olarak Türk futbol tarihinde en çok millî şampiyonluk yaşamış takımdır ...'
2. "Türkiye Futbol Federasyonu Kuruluyor". tff.org (in Turkish). Turkish Football Federation . Retrieved 26 October 2017. 1936'ya kadar süren bu dönemde ilk Türkiye Şampiyonası Ankara'da yapılmış ve şampiyon Harbiye olmuştur.
3. "TamSaha dergisi – Memleketin ilk futbol birincisi" (in Turkish). Turkish Football Federation, Mehmet Yüce. p. 66. Archived from the original on 25 December 2017. Retrieved 27 December 2017.
4. "Türkiye Futbol Federasyonu Kuruluyor". tff.org (in Turkish). Turkish Football Federation . Retrieved 26 October 2017. ...ilk deplasmanlı lig kapsamındaki Milli Küme maçları da yine bu dönemde tertip edilmiştir.
5. Baki Demirkiran. "Turkey – List of Champions". rsssf.com. Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Archived from the original on 26 September 2018. Retrieved 24 April 2018.
6. "19 değil, 28 şampiyonluk". trthaber.com (in Turkish). TRT Haber . Retrieved 26 October 2017.
7. "1959 öncesi şampiyonluklar için TFF'ye bir başvuru daha yapıldı". sondakika.com (in Turkish). 12 April 2021. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
8. "Before the national Turkish leagues". Erdinç Sivritepe. Archived from the original on 31 May 2018. Retrieved 18 January 2018.
9. "The champions of the regional leagues". Erdinç Sivritepe. Archived from the original on 24 April 2019. Retrieved 18 January 2018.
10. "Developing football in Turkey | Inside UEFA". UEFA.com. UEFA . Retrieved 21 May 2022.
11. "TamSaha – Ayaktopu Hikayeleri (14)" (PDF) (in Turkish). No. 135. Turkish Football Federation. February 2016. p. 90. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 August 2017. Retrieved 21 April 2018.{{cite magazine}}: Cite magazine requires |magazine= (help)
12. "Milli Küme". Erdinç Sivritepe. Archived from the original on 5 July 2018. Retrieved 26 October 2017.
13. "Federation Cup 56/57". Erdinç Sivritepe. Archived from the original on 8 April 2017. Retrieved 18 January 2018.
14. "Federation Cup 57/58". Erdinç Sivritepe. Archived from the original on 8 April 2017. Retrieved 18 January 2018.
15. "1959 Milli Lig". Erdinç Sivritepe. Archived from the original on 21 April 2019. Retrieved 18 January 2018.
16. "1963–1964 1. Lig". Erdinç Sivritepe. Archived from the original on 11 April 2019. Retrieved 18 January 2018.
17. "Yusuf Günay ve Melih Şabanoğlu'ndan açıklamalar – "Kimse 1959 öncesini yok saymıyor"". CNN Türk (Online) (in Turkish). 1 April 2001. Retrieved 31 March 2024. ... Öncelikle şu iki hususu net bir şekilde söylemek lazım. Kimse 1959 öncesini yok saymıyor. Tahkim Kurulu'nun 2002 yılında verdiği kararla 59 öncesine geçilmiştir. Tahkim'in kararı varken 59 öncesi sayılmıyor diyemeyiz. ...'
18. "Tahkim Kurulu Kararı: Türkiye Ligi 1959'dan Önce Başladı. Prof.Dr. Vahdettin Engin..." YouTube (Online) (in Turkish). 23 July 2023. Retrieved 31 March 2024. ... Tahkim Kurulu 2002 yılında almış olduğu kararda Türkiye liglerinin bir 1959'da başlamadığını net bir şekilde şey yapmış Ortaya koymuş ...'
19. "Türkiye Futbol Birinciliği". Erdinç Sivritepe. Archived from the original on 20 January 2018. Retrieved 26 October 2017.
20. "Turkey – List of Topscorers". rsssf.com. Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Archived from the original on 10 June 2019. Retrieved 20 May 2018.
21. "Turkey – Final Tables". rsssf.com. Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Archived from the original on 21 October 2018. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
22. "Türkiye Milli Eğitim Kupası". mackolik.com (in Turkish). Archived from the original on 2018-06-12. Retrieved 24 April 2018.
23. "Süper Lig Şampiyonu Takımlar". tff.org (in Turkish). Turkish Football Federation. Archived from the original on 22 November 2015. Retrieved 18 January 2018.
24. "Türkiye Federasyon Kupası". mackolik.com (in Turkish). Archived from the original on 2018-04-06. Retrieved 24 April 2018.
25. "Ligin Gol Kralları". tff.org (in Turkish). Turkish Football Federation. Archived from the original on 30 June 2016. Retrieved 24 April 2018.
26. "FENERBAHÇE (FB) TOPLAM ŞAMPİYONLUK SAYISI". Hürriyet (Online) (in Turkish). 2023. Retrieved 12 April 2024. ... Fenerbahçe, toplamda 28 Türkiye şampiyonluğu ile en çok şampiyon olan Türk futbol takımıdır. Süper Lig'de 19 kez, Millî Küme'de 6, Türkiye Futbol Şampiyonası'nda ise 3 kez birinci olarak Türk futbol tarihinde en çok millî şampiyonluk yaşamış takımdır ...'
27. "15. şampiyonluk, 3 yıldız" (in Turkish). Eurosport. 28 May 2017. Archived from the original on 26 April 2018. Retrieved 25 April 2018.

Sources

• Yüce, Mehmet (2015). İdmancı Ruhlar: Futbol Tarihimizin Klasik Devreleri: 1923–1952. Türkiye Futbol Tarihi (in Turkish). Vol. 2. Istanbul: İletişim Yayınları. ISBN   9789750516955.

External links

• Turkey – List of Champions, RSSSF
• All winners of Turkish football, Sportchampionships.com
• Official Website of TFF (in Turkish)