Indians in Portugal

Last updated
Indians in Portugal
Total population
85,000 - 120,000
Regions with significant populations
Lisbon  · Porto  · Algarve  · São Teotónio  ·Pegões (Montijo) · Santarém, Benavente
Languages
Portuguese  · Konkani  · Tamil  · Malayalam  · Gujarati  · English  · language  · Hindi
Religion
Christianity (Roman Catholicism) · Hinduism  · Sikhism  · Islam
Related ethnic groups
Konkani people, Non-resident Indian and Person of Indian Origin, Desi, Nepali, Indian immigration to Brazil, Indians in Spain

Indians in Portugal , including recent immigrants and people who trace their ancestry back to India, together number around 80,000 (2018 data) [1] -120,000 (2021 data). [2] Between 2018 and 2022 around 32,000 Indians entered the country, settling mostly in Lisbon and Porto. [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] They thus constitute 0.76% - 1.15% of the total population of Portugal.

Contents

Indians are also found in the Algarve, Coimbra, Guarda, Leiria, Odemira [8] and Rio Maior. [9]

The majority of Indians in Portugal consist of Goans, Gujaratis, Tamilians, Malayali people from Daman and Diu and Tamil Nadu.

The 2010s, particularly the second half of the decade, saw the start of a new immigration wave of Indians to Portugal, as well as of citizens of other South Asian nationals - namely Nepalis, Bengalis and Pakistanis - propelled mainly by the need of unskilled agricultural workers.

History

In sixteenth century southern Portugal, there were Chinese slaves but the number of them was described as "negligible", being outnumbered by East Indian, Mourisco, and African slaves. [10] Amerindians, Chinese, Malays, and Indians were slaves in Portugal but in far fewer number than Turks, Berbers and Arabs. [11] China and Malacca were origins of slaves delivered to Portugal by Portuguese viceroys. [12]

A Portuguese woman, Dona Ana de Ataíde owned an Indian man named António as a slave in Évora. [13] He served as a cook for her. [14] Ana de Ataíde's Indian slave escaped from her in 1587. [15] A large number of slaves were forcibly brought there since the commercial, artisanal, and service sectors all flourished in a regional capital like Évora. [16] Rigorous and demanding tasks were assigned to Mourisco, Chinese, and Indian slaves. [17] Chinese, Mouriscos, and Indians were among the ethnicities of prized slaves and were much more expensive compared to blacks, so high class individuals owned these ethnicities. [18]

A fugitive Indian slave from Evora named António went to Badajoz after leaving his master in 1545. [19] António was among the three most common male names given to male slaves in Evora. [20]

Antão Azedo took an Indian slave named Heitor to Evora, who along with another slave was from Bengal were among the 34 Indian slaves in total who were owned by Tristão Homem, a nobleman in 1544 in Evora. Manuel Gomes previously owned a slave who escaped in 1558 at age 18 and he was said to be from the "land of Prester John of the Indias" named Diogo. [21]

In Evora, men were owned and used as slaves by female establishments like convents for nuns. A capelão do rei, father João Pinto left an Indian man in Porto where he was picked up in 1546 by the Evora-based Santa Marta convent's nuns to serve as their slave. However, female slaves did not serve in male establishments, unlike vice versa. [22]

Japanese Christian Daimyos mainly responsible for selling to the Portuguese their fellow Japanese. Japanese women and Japanese men, Javanese, Chinese, and Indians were all sold as slaves in Portugal. [23]

Traits such as high intelligence were ascribed to Indians, Chinese, and Japanese slaves. [24] [25] [26]

Notable people with Indian ancestry

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alexandre Herculano</span> Portuguese writer, poet, journalist

Alexandre Herculano de Carvalho e Araújo was a Portuguese novelist and historian.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Santa Justa Lift</span> Municipal elevator in Lisbon, Portugal

The Santa Justa Lift, also called Carmo Lift, is an elevator, or lift, in the civil parish of Santa Justa, in the historic center of Lisbon, Portugal. Situated at the end of Rua de Santa Justa, it connects the lower streets of the Baixa with the higher Largo do Carmo.

The Mahi are a people of Benin. They live north of Abomey, from the Togo border on the west to the Zou River on the east, and south to Cové between the Zou and Ouemé rivers, north of the Dassa hills.

Garcia Fernandes was a Portuguese Renaissance painter. Like many of painters of the time, Garcia Fernandes was a pupil in the Lisbon workshop of Jorge Afonso, who was the court painter of King Manuel I.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sancho de Tovar</span>

Sancho de Tovar, 6th Lord of Cevico, Caracena and Boca de Huérgano was a Portuguese nobleman of Castilian birth, best known as a navigator and explorer during the Portuguese age of discoveries. He was the vice-admiral (soto-capitão) of the fleet that discovered Brazil in 1500, and was later appointed Governor of the East African port-city of Sofala by king Manuel I. In this post, he conducted several exploratory missions in the interior regions of present-day Mozambique.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Igreja de São Roque</span> Jesuit church in Portugal

The Igreja de São Roque is a Catholic church in Lisbon, Portugal. It was the earliest Jesuit church in the Portuguese world, and one of the first Jesuit churches anywhere. The edifice served as the Society's home church in Portugal for over 200 years, before the Jesuits were expelled from that country. After the 1755 Lisbon earthquake, the church and its ancillary residence were given to the Lisbon Holy House of Mercy to replace their church and headquarters which had been destroyed. It remains a part of the Holy House of Mercy today, one of its many heritage buildings.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">André Vianco</span> Brazilian novelist, screenwriter and filmmaker (born 1975)

André Ferreira da Silva, better known by his pen name André Vianco, is a Brazilian best-selling novelist, screenwriter, and film and television director. Specialized in urban fantasy and horror, supernatural and vampire fiction, he rose to fame in 1999 with the novel Os Sete. As of 2016, his books have sold over a million copies, and in 2018 he was named, alongside Max Mallmann, Raphael Draccon and Eduardo Spohr, one of the leading Brazilian fantasy writers of the 21st century.

Chinese people in Portugal form the country's largest Asian community, and the twelfth-largest foreign community overall. Despite forming only a small part of the overseas Chinese population in Europe, the Chinese community in Portugal is one of the continent's oldest due to the country's colonial and trade history with Macau dating back to the 16th century. There are about 30,000 people of Chinese descent residing in Portugal

<span class="mw-page-title-main">José António Falcão</span>

José António Nunes Mexia Beja da Costa Falcão is a Portuguese art historian, museum curator and educator.

Fort of the Cavalas is a fort situated in the civil parish of São Sebastião in the municipality of Angra do Heroísmo, in the Portuguese archipelago of the Azores.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Luís Gama</span> 19th century Brazilian lawyer and abolitionist

Luís Gonzaga Pinto da Gama was a Brazilian rábula, abolitionist, orator, journalist and writer, and the Patron of the abolition of slavery in Brazil.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Slavery in Portugal</span>

Slavery in Portugal existed since before the country's formation. During the pre-independence period, inhabitants of the current Portuguese territory were often enslaved and enslaved others. After independence, during the existence of the Kingdom of Portugal, the country played a leading role in the Atlantic slave trade, which involved the mass trade and transportation of slaves from Africa and other parts of the world to the American continent. The import of slaves was banned in European Portugal in 1761 by the Marquês de Pombal. However, slavery within the African Portuguese colonies was only abolished in 1869.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Almendres Cromlech</span> Stone circle in Évora, Portugal

The Cromlech of the Almendres is a megalithic complex, located 4.5 road km WSW of the village of Nossa Senhora de Guadalupe, in the civil parish of Nossa Senhora da Tourega e Nossa Senhora de Guadalupe, municipality of Évora, in the Portuguese Alentejo. The largest existing group of structured menhirs in the Iberian Peninsula, this archaeological site consists of several megalithic structures: cromlechs and menhir stones, that belong to the so-called "megalithic universe of Évora", with clear parallels to other cromlechs in Évora District, such as Portela Mogos and the Vale Maria do Meio Cromlech.

Augusto Carlos Teixeira de AragãoComACavCCavACavTE was a Portuguese officer, doctor, numismatist, archaeologist and historian. As an officer of the Portuguese army, he retired with the rank of general. Teixeira de Aragão is considered one of the "fathers" of Portuguese numismatics.

Jurubaça was a term for interpreter in the Portuguese colonies of Southeast Asia and the Far East, particularly in Macau. The term is prevalent in mid-sixteenth- through eighteenth-century documents. According to the Grande Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, a Jurubaça was an “Antigo intérprete da Malásia e do Extremo Oriente,” an ancient interpreter in Malaysia and the Far East. The word derives from Malay jurubassa, which translates as a person who is an interpreter. The earliest document utilizing the word iurubaças dates from the sixteenth century.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Martim Afonso de Melo</span> Portuguese nobleman

Martim Afonso de Melo (1360–1432) was a Portuguese nobleman, Lord of Arega and Barbacena. He served as Alcaide of Évora, and Guarda-mor of John I of Portugal.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Atlantic slave trade to Brazil</span> History of the forced migrations of Africans to Brazil during the Atlantic Slave Trade

The Atlantic slave trade to Brazil occurred during the period of history in which there was a forced migration of Africans to Brazil for the purpose of slavery. It lasted from the mid-sixteenth century until the mid-nineteenth century. During the trade, more than three million Africans were transported across the Atlantic and sold into slavery. It was divided into four phases: The Cycle of Guinea ; the Cycle of Angola which trafficked people from Bakongo, Mbundu, Benguela and Ovambo; Cycle of Costa da Mina, now renamed Cycle of Benin and Dahomey, which trafficked people from Yoruba, Ewe, Minas, Hausa, Nupe and Borno; and the Illegal trafficking period, which was suppressed by the United Kingdom (1815-1851). During this period, to escape the supervision of British ships enforcing an anti-slavery blockade, Brazilian slave traders began to seek alternative routes to the routes of the West African coast, turning to Mozambique.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Augusto Santos Silva</span> President of the Assembly of the Portuguese Republic

Augusto Ernesto dos Santos Silva is a Portuguese sociologist, university professor, and politician who has been the President of the Assembly of the Republic since 2022, in the 15th Legislature. From November 2015 to March 2022, he was the Portuguese Minister of Foreign Affairs, in the XXI and XXII Constitutional Governments led by Prime Minister António Costa.

Anarchism in Portugal first appeared in the form of organized groups in the mid-1880s. It was present from the first steps of the workers' movement, revolutionary unionism and anarcho-syndicalism had a lasting influence on the General Confederation of Labour, founded in 1919.

Manoel Pinto da Fonseca was a 19th-century businessman described as "the most notorious slave dealer in all Brazil". His business was a "highly organized mercantile house capable of operating on four continents" and may have had up to 50 employees.

References

  1. Population of Overseas Indians (PDF).
  2. "Uma comunidade indiana em Portugal diversa e dialogante na fé". SIC Notícias (in Portuguese). 2021-05-05. Retrieved 2023-09-04.
  3. "Sefstat 2018" (PDF).
  4. "Sefstat 2019" (PDF).
  5. "Sefstat 2020" (PDF).
  6. "Sefstat 2021" (PDF).
  7. "Sefstat 2022" (PDF).
  8. https://www.publico.pt/2021/04/30/local/noticia/infectados-trancas-porta-insalubres-alojamentos-imigrantes-1960691 (in Portuguese)
  9. https://www.cm-riomaior.pt/municipio/documentacao/atas-e-deliberacoes/atas/camara/2019-3/1564-ata-n-08-de-29-04-2019/file (in Portuguese)
  10. Peter C. Mancall, ed. (2007). The Atlantic World and Virginia, 1550–1624 (illustrated ed.). UNC Press Books. p. 228. ISBN   978-0-8078-3159-5 . Retrieved 2014-02-02.
  11. Alberto da Costa e Silva (2014). "25 Escravo ugual a negro". A manilha e o libambo: A África e a escravidão, de 1500 a 1700 (2 ed.). Nova Fronteira. ISBN   978-8520939499 . Retrieved 2014-02-02.
  12. Hugh Thomas (1997). The Slave Trade: The Story of the Atlantic Slave Trade: 1440 - 1870 (illustrated, reprint ed.). Simon and Schuster. p.  119. ISBN   0684835657 . Retrieved 2014-02-02.
  13. Jorge Fonseca (1997). Os escravos em Évora no século XVI (in Portuguese). Vol. 2 of Colecção "Novos estudos eborenses" Volume 2 of Novos Estudos e Eborenses. Câmara Municipal de Évora. p. 21. ISBN   9729696535 . Retrieved 2014-02-02.
  14. Maria Antónia Pires de Almeida (2002). Andrade Martins Conceição; Nuno Gonçalo Monteiro (eds.). A Agricultura: Dicionário das Ocupações, Nuno Luís Madureira (coord.), História do Trabalho e das Ocupações (PDF) (in Portuguese). Vol. III. Oeiras: Celta Editora. p. 162. ISBN   972-774-133-9 . Retrieved 2014-02-02.
  15. Jorge Fonseca (1997). Os escravos em Évora no século XVI (in Portuguese). Vol. 2 of Colecção "Novos estudos eborenses" Volume 2 of Novos Estudos e Eborenses. Câmara Municipal de Évora. p. 31. ISBN   9729696535 . Retrieved 2014-02-02.
  16. Jorge Fonseca (1997). Os escravos em Évora no século XVI (in Portuguese). Vol. 2 of Colecção "Novos estudos eborenses" Volume 2 of Novos Estudos e Eborenses. Câmara Municipal de Évora. p. 31. ISBN   9729696535 . Retrieved 2014-02-02.
  17. Jorge Fonseca (1997). Os escravos em Évora no século XVI (in Portuguese). Vol. 2 of Colecção "Novos estudos eborenses" Volume 2 of Novos Estudos e Eborenses. Câmara Municipal de Évora. p. 21. ISBN   972-96965-3-5 . Retrieved 2014-02-02.
  18. Jorge Fonseca (1997). Os escravos em Évora no século XVI (in Portuguese). Vol. 2 of Colecção "Novos estudos eborenses" Volume 2 of Novos Estudos e Eborenses. Câmara Municipal de Évora. p. 21. ISBN   972-96965-3-5 . Retrieved 2014-02-02.
  19. Jorge Fonseca (1997). Os escravos em Évora no século XVI (in Portuguese). Vol. 2 of Colecção "Novos estudos eborenses" Volume 2 of Novos Estudos e Eborenses. Câmara Municipal de Évora. p. 103. ISBN   9729696535 . Retrieved 2014-02-02.
  20. Jorge Fonseca (1997). Os escravos em Évora no século XVI (in Portuguese). Vol. 2 of Colecção "Novos estudos eborenses" Volume 2 of Novos Estudos e Eborenses. Câmara Municipal de Évora. p. 24. ISBN   9729696535 . Retrieved 2014-02-02.
  21. Jorge Fonseca (1997). Os escravos em Évora no século XVI (in Portuguese). Vol. 2 of Colecção "Novos estudos eborenses" Volume 2 of Novos Estudos e Eborenses. Câmara Municipal de Évora. p. 21. ISBN   9729696535 . Retrieved 2014-02-02.
  22. Jorge Fonseca (1997). Os escravos em Évora no século XVI (in Portuguese). Vol. 2 of Colecção "Novos estudos eborenses" Volume 2 of Novos Estudos e Eborenses. Câmara Municipal de Évora. p. 45. ISBN   9729696535 . Retrieved 2014-02-02.
  23. José Yamashiro (1989). Chòque luso no Japão dos séculos XVI e XVII. IBRASA. p. 103. ISBN   85-348-1068-0 . Retrieved 14 July 2010.
  24. A. C. de C. M. Saunders (1982). A Social History of Black Slaves and Freedmen in Portugal, 1441–1555. Vol. 25 of 3: Works, Hakluyt Society Hakluyt Society (illustrated ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 168. ISBN   0-521-23150-7 . Retrieved 2014-02-02.
  25. Jeanette Pinto (1992). Slavery in Portuguese India, 1510–1842. Himalaya Pub. House. p. 18. Retrieved 2014-02-02.
  26. Charles Ralph Boxer (1968). Fidalgos in the Far East 1550–1770 (2, illustrated, reprint ed.). Oxford U.P. p. 225. ISBN   9780196380742 . Retrieved 2014-02-02.
  27. "Catarina Furtado tem ascendência indiana! Apresentadora descobre casa do trisavô". Maria.pt (in European Portuguese). 2019-04-24. Retrieved 2023-09-04.