1996 Portuguese presidential election

1996 Portuguese presidential election

←  1991 14 January 1996 2001  →
Turnout	66.29% ( 4.13pp)
Candidate Jorge Sampaio Aníbal Cavaco Silva Party PS Supported by: PCP PEV UDP PCTP/MRPP PSD Popular vote 3,035,056 2,595,131 Percentage 53.91% 46.09%
Results by district Results by municipality Sampaio   50-60%   60-70%   70-80%   80-90% Cavaco Silva   50-60%   60-70%   70-80%   80-90%
President before election Mário Soares PS Elected President Jorge Sampaio PS

Presidential elections were held in Portugal on 14 January 1996.

Incumbent president Mário Soares was constitutionally barred from a third consecutive term. The Social Democrats were coming from a clear defeat in the 1995 Portuguese legislative election, and their former leader, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, who had left the office of Prime Minister after 10 years at the helm, ran against the Mayor of Lisbon, Jorge Sampaio. This election was, therefore, a rematch between Jorge Sampaio and Cavaco Silva as in the 1991 general election, Cavaco Silva defeated Jorge Sampaio by a 51 to 29 percent margin.

The other left-wing candidates, Jerónimo de Sousa and Alberto Matos, presented by the Portuguese Communist Party and the People's Democratic Union respectively, both withdrew from the race one week before the elections, announcing their support for Jorge Sampaio, in order to concentrate the left-wing vote and avoid a runoff. ^[1] These parties had already supported Sampaio in a coalition that won the local elections in Lisbon. It would be the last time that People's Democratic Union presented a candidate, as two years later it merged with other small left-wing parties and formed the Left Bloc.

Cavaco Silva was supported by the Social Democratic Party, failing to get the support of the People's Party, led by Manuel Monteiro. ^[2] On election day, Sampaio won with nearly 54 percent of the votes and by a more than 400,000 vote margin over Cavaco Silva, which gathered just over 46 percent of the votes and, once more, the right-wing parties did not win the presidential election.

Sampaio gained the majority of the votes in all the districts in the South of Portugal, including the Communist strongholds in Alentejo and Setúbal district. Cavaco won in the more conservative districts of the North (excluding Porto district, where Sampaio edged out Cavaco by a narrow 52 to 48 percent margin) and also in Leiria district, traditional strongholds of the right-wing parties.

With only two candidates left on the race, no second round was needed, and Sampaio was inaugurated to his first term in office on 9 March 1996.

Aníbal Cavaco Silva would have to wait ten more years to be elected president in 2006.

Electoral system

Any Portuguese citizen over 35 years old has the opportunity to run for president. In order to do so it is necessary to gather between 7,500 and 15,000 signatures and submit them to the Portuguese Constitutional Court.

According to the Portuguese Constitution, to be elected, a candidate needs a majority of votes. If no candidate gets this majority there will take place a second round between the two most voted candidates.

Candidates

• Jorge Sampaio , Mayor of Lisbon between 1989 and 1995, leader of the Socialist Party between 1989 and 1992, supported by the Socialist Party;
• Aníbal Cavaco Silva , Prime Minister between 1985 and 1995, leader of the Social Democratic Party between 1985 and 1995, supported by the Social Democratic Party;
• Jerónimo de Sousa , Official candidate of the Portuguese Communist Party and Ecologist Party "The Greens", Left the race to support Jorge Sampaio;
• Alberto Matos, Official candidate of the People's Democratic Union, Left the race to support Jorge Sampaio;

Campaign period

Party slogans

Candidate		Original slogan	English translation	Refs
	Jorge Sampaio	« Um por todos »	"One for all"	[3]
	Aníbal Cavaco Silva	« Em nome de Portugal »	"In the name of Portugal"	[4]
	Jerónimo de Sousa [a]	« Contigo isto muda »	"With you this changes"	[5]
	Alberto Matos [b]	« A escolha de um lado »	"Choosing a side"	[6]

Candidates' debates

1996 Portuguese presidential election debates
Date	Organisers	Moderator(s)	P Present   A Absent invitee N Non-invitee
			Sampaio	Cavaco	Jerónimo	Refs
14 Dec 1995	RTP1	Maria Elisa Domingues José Eduardo Moniz	P	P	P	[7]
21 Dec 1995	SIC	Margarida Marante Miguel Sousa Tavares	P	P	N	[8]

Opinion polls

Note, until 2000, the publication of opinion polls in the last week of the campaign was forbidden.

  Exit poll

Polling firm	Date released	Sample size			Oth/ Und	Lead
			Sampaio PS	Cavaco PSD
Election results	14 Jan 1996	—	53.9	46.1	—	7.8
Euroteste/RTP	14 Jan 1996	—	56–60	40–44	—	16
Metris/SIC	14 Jan 1996	—	56.8–61.2	38.8–43.2	—	18.0
UCP/TVI	14 Jan 1996	—	54.6–58.2	41.8–45.6	—	12.8
UCP	6 Jan 1996	—	52.1	47.9	—	4.2
Metris	6 Jan 1996	—	57.1	42.9	—	14.2
Euroteste	6 Jan 1996	—	57.5	42.5	—	15.0
Euroexpansão	6 Jan 1996	—	57.7	42.3	—	15.4
Independente	5 Jan 1996	—	56.7	43.3	—	13.4
Visão	4 Jan 1996	—	51.2	38.1	10.7	13.1
Euroteste	1 Jan 1996	—	58.7	41.3	—	17.4
Jornal de Notícias	1 Jan 1996	—	50.7	42.6	6.7	8.1
Metris	30 Dec 1995	—	56.4	41.7	1.9	14.7
Euroexpansão	30 Dec 1995	—	58.8	40.0	1.2	18.8
Independente	29 Dec 1995	—	58.3	41.7	—	16.6
Euroexpansão	23 Dec 1995	—	60.0	36.5	3.5	23.5
Independente	22 Dec 1995	—	56.8	43.2	—	13.6
UCP	21 Dec 1995	—	54.1	43.7	2.2	10.4
Metris	15 Dec 1995	—	53.8	42.6	3.6	11.2

Results

National summary

Candidate		Party	Votes	%
	Jorge Sampaio	PS, PCP, PEV, UDP, PCTP/MRPP	3,035,056	53.91
	Aníbal Cavaco Silva	PPD/PSD	2,595,131	46.09
Total			5,630,187	100.00
Valid votes			5,630,187	97.70
Invalid votes			63,463	1.10
Blank votes			69,328	1.20
Total votes			5,762,978	100.00
Registered voters/turnout			8,693,636	66.29
Source: Comissão Nacional de Eleições

Results by district

District		Sampaio		Cavaco		Turnout
		Votes	%	Votes	%
	Aveiro	162,495	43.04%	215,046	56.96%	69.01%
	Azores	40,746	43.60%	52,715	56.40%	50.81%
	Beja	71,833	79.15%	18,926	20.85%	61.31%
	Braga	204,069	45.79%	241,580	54.21%	71.55%
	Bragança	34,358	40.17%	51,173	59.83%	57.42%
	Castelo Branco	69,136	55.50%	55,428	44.50%	63.13%
	Coimbra	133,644	54.37%	112,181	45.63%	65.90%
	Évora	72,369	73.32%	26,398	26.68%	67.16%
	Faro	110,748	58.45%	78,736	41.55%	63.09%
	Guarda	45,820	44.00%	58,306	56.00%	60.75%
	Leiria	98,577	40.41%	145,352	59.59%	66.95%
	Lisbon	740,987	60.98%	474,060	39.02%	66.75%
	Madeira	49,243	39.58%	75,160	60.42%	62.99%
	Portalegre	52,647	69.38%	23,231	30.62%	66.84%
	Porto	500,903	51.82%	465,803	48.18%	70.28%
	Santarém	149,119	57.50%	110,202	42.50%	67.25%
	Setúbal	313,083	74.51%	107,080	25.49%	67.36%
	Viana do Castelo	58,621	41.57%	82,411	58.43%	64.34%
	Vila Real	51,087	39.64%	77,779	60.36%	59.10%
	Viseu	78,996	36.97%	134,669	63.03%	61.63%
Source: SGMAI Presidential Election Results

Maps

• 
  Strongest candidate by electoral district.
• 
  Strongest candidate by municipality.

Notes

1. Withdrew in favour of Jorge Sampaio
2. Withdrew in favour of Jorge Sampaio

References

1. "Jerónimo de Sousa desiste da candidatura". RTP (in Portuguese). 8 January 1996. Retrieved 15 January 2025.
2. Lourenço, Eunice (2004-03-08). "Como Paulo Portas apoiou Cavaco em 1996". PÚBLICO (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2025-06-19.
3. "Os cartazes das eleições presidenciais desde 1976". Público (in Portuguese). Retrieved 12 May 2020.
4. "Os cartazes das eleições presidenciais desde 1976". Público (in Portuguese). Retrieved 12 May 2020.
5. "Os cartazes das eleições presidenciais desde 1976". Público (in Portuguese). Retrieved 12 May 2020.
6. "Os cartazes das eleições presidenciais desde 1976". Público (in Portuguese). Retrieved 12 May 2020.
7. "Candidatos à Presidência da República – Parte I". RTP (in Portuguese). 14 December 1995. Retrieved 12 May 2020.
8. "Os debates" (in Portuguese). Retrieved 12 May 2020.

• "CNE Resultados". Comissão Nacional de Eleições. Archived from the original on 8 April 2005. Retrieved 17 May 2005.
• "Centro de Estudos do Pensamento Político". Archived from the original on 2006-08-18. Retrieved 17 May 2005.

External links

• Portuguese Electoral Commission
• NSD: European Election Database - Portugal Archived 2014-12-20 at the Wayback Machine publishes regional level election data; allows for comparisons of election results, 1990-2010