List of presidents of Portugal

Last updated

Teofilo Braga (1915) - Fotografia Vasques, Lisboa (Museu da Presidencia da Republica).png
Retrato do Presidente da Republica Oscar Carmona - Photographia Ingleza de J. & M. Lazarus (Museu da Presidencia da Republica).png
Ramalho Eanes (1983-09-14) (cropped).png
Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa (Web Summit).jpg

The complete list of presidents of the Portuguese Republic consists of the 20 heads of state in the history of Portugal since the 5 October 1910 revolution that installed a republican regime.

Contents

This list includes not only those persons who were sworn into office as President of Portugal but also those who de facto served as head of state since 1910. This is the case of Teófilo Braga who served as President of the Provisional Government after the republican coup d'état . Also Sidónio Pais, Mendes Cabeçadas, Gomes da Costa, as well as Canto e Castro and Óscar Carmona in their early months, were not sworn into office as presidents of the Republic, usually being prime ministers, but de facto accumulated this function, thus combining in practice head of state and head of government in one person.

See the notes for more information.

Election terms

The numbering reflects the uninterrupted terms in office served by a single man. For example, Jorge Sampaio served two consecutive terms and is counted as the 19th president (not the 19th and 20th). Teófilo Braga served as the first and sole president of the Provisional Government, and therefore is not considered to be the first president, although he would serve again as head of state and be the second president after the resignation of Manuel de Arriaga.

However, Bernardino Machado served two non-consecutive terms, and he is counted as both the third and the eighth presidents. Because of this, the list below contains 20 presidencies, but only 19 presidents.

Under the Constitution of Portugal adopted in 1976, in the wake of the 1974 Carnation Revolution, the president is elected to a five-year term with the possibility of running for a second consecutive term; there is no limit to the number of terms a president may serve, but a president who serves two consecutive terms may not serve again in the next five years after the second term finishes.

The official residence of the president of Portugal is the Belém Palace.

The current president of the Portuguese Republic is Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa, the winner of the 2016 presidential election and re-elected in the 2021 presidential election.

Presidents

The colors indicate the political affiliation of each president.

     Republican
     Democratic
     National Republican/Sidonist
     Evolutionist Party/Republican Liberal
     National Union/Popular National Action
     Democratic Renewal
     Socialist
     Social Democratic
    No party/Independent

First Republic (1910–1926)

No.PortraitPresident
(Birth–Death)		ElectedTerm of officePolitical partyRef.
President of the Provisional Government of the Republic (1910–1911)
- Teofilo Braga (1915) - Fotografia Vasques, Lisboa (Museu da Presidencia da Republica).png Teófilo Braga [1]
(1843–1924)		–5 October 191024 August 1911 Republican [2]
Presidents of the Republic (1911–1926)
1 Manuel de Arriaga - Fotografia Vasques.png Manuel de Arriaga
(1840–1917)		 1911 24 August 191126 May 1915 [R] Republican
later Democratic Republican [3] 		[4] [3]
2 Teofilo Braga (1915) - Fotografia Vasques, Lisboa (Museu da Presidencia da Republica).png Teófilo Braga
(1843–1924)		 May
1915 		29 May 19155 October 1915 Democratic Republican [5] [4] [5]
3 Retrato do Dr. Bernardino Machado.jpg Bernardino Machado
(1851–1944)		 August
1915 		5 October 19155 December 1917 [C] Democratic Republican [6] [4] [6]
- Ministry
(Head of State ex officio)
President: Sidónio Pais 		–12 December 191728 April 1918– [4] [7]
4 Sidonio Pais, phot. Bobone.png Sidónio Pais [8]
(1872–1918)		 April
1918 		28 April 191814 December 1918 [A] National Republican
or "Sidonist" [ citation needed ]		 [4] [7]
- Ministry
(Head of State ex officio)
President: João do Canto e Castro 		–14 December 191816 December 1918– [9]
5 Fotografia oficial do Presidente da Republica Joao do Canto e Castro.jpg João do Canto e Castro [10]
(1862–1934)		 December
1918 		16 December 19185 October 1919 National Republican
or "Sidonist" [ citation needed ]		 [4] [11]
6 Presidente Antonio Jose de Almeida.jpg António José de Almeida
(1866–1929)		 1919 5 October 19195 October 1923 Evolutionist Party
later Republican Liberal [ citation needed ]		 [4] [12]
7 Manuel Teixeira Gomes.png Manuel Teixeira Gomes
(1860–1941)		 1923 5 October 192311 December 1925 [R] Democratic Republican [ citation needed ] [4] [13]
8 Retrato do Dr. Bernardino Machado.jpg Bernardino Machado
(1851–1944)
2nd time		 1925 11 December 192531 May 1926 [C] Democratic Republican [ citation needed ] [4] [6]


Second Republic (1926–1974)

No.PortraitPresident
(Birth–Death)		ElectedTerm of officePolitical partyRef.
Ditadura Nacional (National Dictatorship) (1926–1932)
9 Vice-almirante Jose Mendes Cabecadas Junior.jpg José Mendes Cabeçadas [14]
(1883–1965)		–31 May 192617 June 1926 [C] Military officer [ citation needed ] [4] [15]
- Ministry
(Head of State ex officio)
President: Manuel Gomes da Costa 		–17 June 192629 June 1926– [16]
10 General Manuel Gomes da Costa (1918) - Photographia Vasques.png Manuel Gomes da Costa [14]
(1863–1929)		–29 June 19269 July 1926 [C] Military officer [ citation needed ] [4] [17]
- Ministry
(Head of State ex officio)
President: Óscar Carmona 		–9 July 192616 November 1926– [4] [18]
11 Retrato do Presidente da Republica Oscar Carmona - Photographia Ingleza de J. & M. Lazarus (Museu da Presidencia da Republica).png Óscar Carmona [14] [19]
(1869–1951)		–16 November 192625 March 1928Military officer [4] [18]
Estado Novo (New State) (1932–1974)
11 Retrato do Presidente da Republica Oscar Carmona - Photographia Ingleza de J. & M. Lazarus (Museu da Presidencia da Republica).png Óscar Carmona
(1869–1951)		 1928 15 April 192826 April 1935Military officer
from 1932
National Union 		[4] [18]
1935 26 April 193515 April 1942
1942 15 April 194220 April 1949
1949 20 April 194918 April 1951 [D]
- Antonio de Oliveira Salazar portrait (by Manuel Alves San Payo) - Lisboa.jpg António de Oliveira Salazar [20]
(1889–1970)
(interim)		–18 April 195121 July 1951 National Union [21]
12 General Francisco Higino Craveiro Lopes, Presidente de Portugal.tif Francisco Craveiro Lopes
(1894–1964)		 1951 21 July 19519 August 1958 National Union [4] [22]
13 Fotografia oficial do Presidente da Republica Americo Tomas.jpg Américo Tomás
(1894–1987)		 1958 9 August 19589 August 1965 National Union
from 1970
People's National Action 		[4] [23]
1965 9 August 19659 August 1972
1972 9 August 197225 April 1974 [C]


Third Republic (1974–present)

No.PortraitPresident
(Birth–Death)		ElectedTerm of officePolitical partyRef.
Presidents appointed in the aftermath of the Carnation Revolution (1974–1976)
- National Salvation Junta [24]
President: António de Spínola 		–25 April 197415 May 1974– [25]
14
Antonio de Spinola (1974).png
António de Spínola
(1910–1996)		–15 May 197430 September 1974 [R] Military officer [4] [25]
15
Francisco Costa Gomes Roma 1975.jpg
Francisco da Costa Gomes
(1914–2001)		–30 September 197413 July 1976Military officer [4] [26]
Presidents elected under the Constitution of the Republic (1976–present)
16
Ramalho Eanes (1983-09-14) (cropped).png
António Ramalho Eanes
(born 1935)		 1976 14 July 197614 January 1981Military officer
from 1985
Democratic Renewal 		[4] [27]
1980 14 January 19819 March 1986
17
Mario Soares par Claude Truong-Ngoc 1978.png
Mário Soares
(1924–2017)		 1986 9 March 19869 March 1991 Socialist [4] [28]
1991 9 March 19919 March 1996
18
Jorge Sampaio 3.jpg
Jorge Sampaio
(1939–2021)		 1996 9 March 19969 March 2001 Socialist [4] [29]
2001 9 March 20019 March 2006
19
Cavaco Silva (2014-06-05), cropped.png
Aníbal Cavaco Silva
(born 1939)		 2006 9 March 20069 March 2011 Social Democratic [4] [30]
2011 9 March 20119 March 2016
20
Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa (Web Summit).jpg
Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa
(born 1948)		 2016 9 March 20169 March 2021 Social Democratic [31]
2021 9 March 2021Incumbent
[A] Assassinated.
[D] Died in office of natural causes.
[R] Resigned.
[C] Forced to resign due to a coup d'état.

Timeline

Flag of Portugal.svg Presidents of Portugal (1910–Present)
Marcelo Rebelo de SousaCavaco SilvaJorge SampaioMário SoaresRamalho EanesCosta GomesAntónio de SpínolaAmérico TomásCraveiro LopesOliveira SalazarÓscar CarmonaGomes da CostaMendes CabeçadasManuel Teixeira GomesAntónio José de AlmeidaCanto e CastroSidónio PaisBernardino MachadoManuel de ArriagaTeófilo BragaList of presidents of Portugal

Birthplaces

Portugal location map.svg
Red pog.svg
Red pog.svg
Red pog.svg
Red pog.svg
Red pog.svg
Red pog.svg
Red pog.svg
Red pog.svg
Red pog.svg
class=notpageimage|
Birthplaces of the presidents of the Portuguese Republic. Not shown are Manuel de Arriaga (born in Horta, Azores, Portugal), Teófilo Braga (born in Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal), and Bernardino Machado (born in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil).

Presidents by time in office

Rank by
length
of terms		PresidentLength by
time served		Number of
terms		Party
1 Óscar Carmona 24 years, 286 days5 National Union
2 Américo Tomás 15 years, 259 days3 National Union
3 Mário Soares 10 years, 0 days2 Socialist
Jorge Sampaio 10 years, 0 days2 Socialist
Aníbal Cavaco Silva 10 years, 0 days2 Social Democratic
4 António Ramalho Eanes 9 years, 238 days2Independent
5 Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa 8 years, 18 days (Incumbent)2 Social Democratic
6 Francisco Craveiro Lopes 7 years, 0 days1 National Union
7 António José de Almeida 4 years, 0 days1 Evolutionist Party
8 Manuel de Arriaga 3 years, 278 days1 Democratic
9 Bernardino Machado 2 years, 239 days2 Democratic
10 Manuel Teixeira Gomes 2 year, 67 days1 Democratic
11 Francisco da Costa Gomes 1 year, 288 days1Independent
12 Teófilo Braga 1 year, 87 days1 Democratic
13 Sidónio Pais 1 year, 2 days1 National Republican
14 João do Canto e Castro 295 days1 National Republican
15 António de Spínola 158 days1Independent
16 Manuel Gomes da Costa 22 days1Independent
17 José Mendes Cabeçadas 17 days1Independent
Interim António de Oliveira Salazar 94 days- National Union

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Teófilo Braga served as President of the Provisional Government, the de facto head of government and head of state, from the republican revolution of 1910 to the election of Manuel de Arriaga, the 1st President of Portugal.
  2. ↑ "MRP - Teófilo Braga". www.museu.presidencia.pt (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2022-08-28.
  3. 1 2 "Manuel de Arriaga - PREVIOUS PRESIDENTS: - PRESIDENCIA.PT". www.presidencia.pt (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2020-09-03.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Braga, Paulo Drumond 1965- (2010). "Os Presidentes da República Portuguesa : sociologia de uma função".{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  5. 1 2 "Teófilo Braga". PRESIDENCY OF THE PORTUGUESE REPUBLIC. Retrieved 2016-08-17.
  6. 1 2 3 "Bernardino Machado - PREVIOUS PRESIDENTS: - PRESIDENCIA.PT". www.presidencia.pt (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2020-09-03.
  7. 1 2 "Sidónio Pais - PREVIOUS PRESIDENTS: - PRESIDENCIA.PT". www.presidencia.pt (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2020-09-03.
  8. ↑ After leading a coup d'état, Sidónio Pais became President of the Revolutionary Junta and later Prime Minister (President of the Ministry). He then abolished the post of Prime Minister, assuming himself as the head of government as President of the Republic. He was assassinated in 1918.
  9. ↑ "Lei Nº 833, de 16 de Dezembro de 1918" (PDF). www.parlamento.pt (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2022-08-28.
  10. ↑ Canto e Castro was head of the Council of Ministers that served as the head of state of Portugal after the assassination of Sidónio Pais in 1918, from December 14 to December 16. He then became interim president until the election of António José de Almeida.
  11. ↑ "Canto e Castro - PREVIOUS PRESIDENTS: - PRESIDENCIA.PT". www.presidencia.pt (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2020-09-03.
  12. ↑ "António José de Almeida - PREVIOUS PRESIDENTS: - PRESIDENCIA.PT". www.presidencia.pt (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2020-09-03.
  13. ↑ "Teixeira Gomes - PREVIOUS PRESIDENTS: - PRESIDENCIA.PT". www.presidencia.pt (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2020-09-03.
  14. 1 2 3 Mendes Cabeçadas, Gomes da Costa and Óscar Carmona were the heads of the revolutionary provisional governments during the year of 1926. Although not called Presidents, they were de facto heads of state.
  15. ↑ "Mendes Cabeçadas - PREVIOUS PRESIDENTS: - PRESIDENCIA.PT". www.presidencia.pt (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2020-09-04.
  16. ↑ "MRP - Manuel Gomes da Costa". www.museu.presidencia.pt (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2022-08-28.
  17. ↑ "Gomes da Costa - PREVIOUS PRESIDENTS: - PRESIDENCIA.PT". www.presidencia.pt (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2020-09-04.
  18. 1 2 3 "Óscar Carmona - PREVIOUS PRESIDENTS: - PRESIDENCIA.PT". www.presidencia.pt (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2020-09-04.
  19. ↑ Óscar Carmona served initially as head of the revolutionary government after a counter-coup deposed Gomes da Costa. He was de facto head of state between July 9 and November 16, 1926. However he officially took office as President of the Republic on November 16, 1926. Six years later, in 1932, the Estado Novo was proclaimed and the National Union, the only legal party, was formed by António de Oliveira Salazar. Carmona joined the party and was the party's candidate for every presidential election (that were considered fraudulent) until 1951, when he died.
  20. ↑ António de Oliveira Salazar, the dictatorial President of the Council of Ministers (Prime Minister) occupied the post of president interim between the death of Óscar Carmona and the election of Francisco Craveiro Lopes.
  21. ↑ Alves, Maria Teixeira (2016-12-28). "Site da Presidência exclui Salazar da lista de Presidentes da República". www.jornaleconomico.pt (in Portuguese). Jornal Económico. Retrieved 2022-08-28.
  22. ↑ "Craveiro Lopes - PREVIOUS PRESIDENTS: - PRESIDENCIA.PT". www.presidencia.pt (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2020-09-04.
  23. ↑ "Américo Tomás - PREVIOUS PRESIDENTS: - PRESIDENCIA.PT". www.presidencia.pt (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2020-09-04.
  24. ↑ Between the Carnation Revolution on April 25, 1974 and May 15 of the same year, António de Spínola was the head of the National Salvation Junta, being the de facto head of state and government. After May 15 Adelino da Palma Carlos became the Prime Minister, and Spínola continued as de jure head of state as President of the Republic.
  25. 1 2 "António de Spínola - PREVIOUS PRESIDENTS: - PRESIDENCIA.PT". www.presidencia.pt (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2020-10-05.
  26. ↑ "Costa Gomes - PREVIOUS PRESIDENTS: - PRESIDENCIA.PT". www.presidencia.pt (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2020-10-05.
  27. ↑ "Ramalho Eanes - PREVIOUS PRESIDENTS: - PRESIDENCIA.PT". www.presidencia.pt (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2020-10-05.
  28. ↑ "Mário Soares - PREVIOUS PRESIDENTS: - PRESIDENCIA.PT". www.presidencia.pt (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2020-10-05.
  29. ↑ "Jorge Sampaio - PREVIOUS PRESIDENTS: - PRESIDENCIA.PT". www.presidencia.pt (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2020-10-05.
  30. ↑ "Aníbal Cavaco Silva - PREVIOUS PRESIDENTS: - PRESIDENCIA.PT". www.presidencia.pt (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2020-10-05.
  31. ↑ "Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa". www.presidencia.pt (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2020-10-05.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Francisco Craveiro Lopes</span> Portuguese president and politician

Francisco Higino Craveiro Lopes was a Portuguese Air Force officer and politician who served as the 12th president of Portugal from 1951 to 1958.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sidónio Pais</span> 4th President of the First Portuguese Republic (May–Dec 1918)

Sidónio Bernardino Cardoso da Silva Pais was a Portuguese politician, military officer, and diplomat, who served as the fourth president of the First Portuguese Republic in 1918. One of the most divisive figures in modern Portuguese history, he was referred to by the writer Fernando Pessoa as the "President-King", a description that stuck in later years and symbolizes his regime.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Belém Palace</span> Official residence of the President of the Portuguese Republic, in Lisbon

The Belém Palace, formally the National Palace of Belém,, is the current official residence of the president of the Portuguese Republic, the head of state of Portugal. Located in the Belém District of Lisbon, the palace's main façade fronts the Praça Afonso de Albuquerque, facing the Tagus River. A former residence of the Portuguese royal family, the Belém Palace complex is made up of various buildings, wings, courtyards, and gardens, built variously from the 18th to 21st centuries.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">António José de Almeida</span> President of Portugal

António José de Almeida, GCTE, GCA, GCC, GCSE, was a Portuguese politician who served as the sixth president of Portugal from 1919 to 1923.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Óscar Carmona</span> Portuguese president and politician

António Óscar de Fragoso Carmona was a Portuguese Army officer and politician who served as prime minister of Portugal from 1926 to 1928 and as the 11th president of Portugal from 1926 until his death in 1951. He also served as the Minister of War, in late 1923 and in 1926, and as a Minister of Foreign Affairs in 1926.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Timeline of Portuguese history (Second Republic)</span>

This is a historical timeline of Portugal.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">João do Canto e Castro</span> President of Portugal and Navy officer

João do Canto e Castro da Silva Antunes, commonly known simply as João do Canto e Castro was a Portuguese Navy officer and the fifth president of Portugal during the First Portuguese Republic. He also briefly served as 67th prime minister of Portugal.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">José Mendes Cabeçadas</span> Portuguese president and politician

José Mendes Cabeçadas Júnior, OTE, ComA, commonly known as Mendes Cabeçadas, was a Portuguese Navy officer, Freemason and republican, having a major role in the preparation of the revolutionary movements that created and ended the Portuguese First Republic: the 5 October revolution in 1910 and the 28 May coup d'état of 1926. In the outcome he became the 69th minister of finance for one day only on 30 May 1926, then becoming interim minister for foreign affairs for two days between 30 May and 1 June, after which he again became the 70th minister for finance on the same day. He served as the ninth president of Portugal and prime minister for a brief period of time.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Manuel Gomes da Costa</span> Portuguese president and politician

Manuel de Oliveira Gomes da Costa, commonly known as Manuel Gomes da Costa or just Gomes da Costa, was a Portuguese army officer and politician, the tenth president of Portugal and the second of the National Dictatorship.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Francisco da Costa Gomes</span> Portuguese president and politician

Francisco da Costa Gomes, ComTE, GOA was a Portuguese military officer and politician, the 15th president of Portugal.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">28 May 1926 coup d'état</span> Military overthrow of the First Portuguese Republic, establishing the Estado Novo regime

The 28 May 1926 coup d'état, sometimes called 28 May Revolution or, during the period of the corporatist Estado Novo, the National Revolution, was a military coup of a nationalist origin, that put an end to the unstable Portuguese First Republic and initiated 48 years of corporatist and nationalist rule within Portugal. The regime that immediately resulted from the coup, the Ditadura Nacional, would be later refashioned into the Estado Novo, which in turn would last until the Carnation Revolution in 1974.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">José Vicente de Freitas</span> Portuguese politician

José Vicente de Freitas, 2nd Baron of Freitas GCTE was a Portuguese military officer and politician.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Democratic Party (Portugal)</span> Political party in Portugal

The Democratic Party, officially known as the Portuguese Republican Party, was a Portuguese centre-left political party during the Portuguese First Republic. It was also the self-proclaimed successor to the original Portuguese Republican Party, which had been behind the revolution that established the Portuguese First Republic in 1910.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Colégio Militar</span> Military high school in Lisbon, Portugal

Colégio Militar is a military secondary school in Lisbon, Portugal. It was founded by Marechal António Teixeira Rebello in 1803.

Events in the year 1910 in Portugal.

Events in the year 1926 in Portugal.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">December 1917 coup d'état</span> December 1917 coup détat

The December 1917 coup d'état was a politico-military uprising led by Sidónio Pais, which started in Lisbon, Portugal, with the objective of taking power from the Democratic Party, which had won every election in Portugal since the foundation of the Portuguese First Republic in October 1910.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2026 Portuguese presidential election</span>

Presidential elections are scheduled to be held in Portugal in January 2026. The elections will elect the successor to President Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa, who is barred from running for a third term.

References

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.