Protected areas of Poland include the following categories, as defined by the Act on Protection of Nature ( Polish : Ustawa o ochronie przyrody) of 16 April 2004, [1] by the Polish Parliament:
Protected areas of Poland include the following categories, as defined by the Act on Protection of Nature ( Polish : Ustawa o ochronie przyrody) of 16 April 2004, [1] by the Polish Parliament:
There are 23 national parks in Poland . These were formerly run by the Polish Board of National Parks (Krajowy Zarząd Parków Narodowych), but in 2004 responsibility for them was transferred to the Ministry of the Environment. Most national parks are divided into strictly and partially protected zones. Additionally, they are usually surrounded by a protective buffer zone called otulina.
According to the Act on Protection of Nature (Ustawa o ochronie przyrody) of 2004, a Landscape Park (Parki Krajobrazowe) is defined as "an area protected because of its natural, historical, cultural and scenic values, for the purpose of conserving and popularizing those values in conditions of balanced development." [2] As at 9 May 2009 there are 122 designated Landscape Parks throughout Poland, covering a total area of approximately 26,100 square kilometres (10,000 sq mi). [3]
Nature reserves cover a total area of 1,644,634 hectares (4,063,980 acres), representing 0.53% of the territory of Poland. [4] As of 2011, Poland has 1469 nature reserves. [5] The Nature reserves in Poland are divided into categories: fauna (141), landscape (108), forest (722), peat-bog (177), flora (169), water (44), inanimate nature (72), steppe (32) and halophyte (4). [6] Another division is into the regular and strict nature reserves; the strict ones see no human activity, whereas the regular ones see limited maintenance. [7]
Protected landscape areas ( Polish : obszary chronionego krajobrazu) belong to some of the least restrictive zones of protection, with focus on qualified tourism and outdoor recreation. There were 419 protected landscape areas in Poland as of December 31, 2008 covering an area of 7,058,000 hectares (17,440,000 acres), or slightly over 23% of the country. [8]
About 500 Natura 2000 sites, ecological network of protected areas in the territory of the European Union including:
Poland also has the following internationally designated sites:
UNESCO Biosphere Reserves are environment-protected scientific-research institutions of international status that are created with the intent for conservation in a natural state the most typical natural complexes of biosphere, conducting background ecological monitoring, studying of the surrounding natural environment, its changes under the activity of anthropogenic factors.
Biosphere Preserves are created on the base of nature preserves or national parks including to their composition territories and objects of other categories of nature-preserving fund and other lands as well as including in the established order the World Network of Biosphere Reserves in the UNESCO framework "Man and the Biosphere Programme". There are 9 Biosphere Reserves in Poland.
A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a place (such as a forest, mountain, lake, island, desert, monument, building, complex, or city) that is listed by UNESCO as sites of outstanding cultural or natural importance to the common heritage of humanity. [12] There are fourteen World Heritage Sites in Poland (1 [note 1] Natural and 13 [note 2] [note 3] Cultural). The first two sites were inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1978. Three of the sites, Belovezhskaya Pushcha / Białowieża Forest, Wooden Tserkvas of Carpathian Region in Poland and Ukraine and Muskauer Park / Park Mużakowski are shared with neighboring countries (Belarus, Ukraine and Germany). Poland also has six sites on the Tentative List.
The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands is an international treaty for the conservation and sustainable utilization of wetlands, [13] i.e., to stem the progressive encroachment on and loss of wetlands now and in the future, recognizing the fundamental ecological functions of wetlands and their economic, cultural, scientific, and recreational value. [14] Since the convention became effective in Poland on 22 March 1978, the designation of Wetland of International Importance has been applied to thirteen locations in the country, which combine to form an area of 145,075 ha (358,490 acres). [15] [16]
Protected areas of the United Kingdom are areas in the United Kingdom which need and /or receive protection because of their environmental, historical or cultural value to the nation. Methods and aims of protection vary depending on the nature and importance of the resource. Protection operates at local, regional, national and international levels, and may be backed by legislation and international treaty, or less formally by planning policy.
A nature reserve is a protected area of importance for flora, fauna, funga, or features of geological or other special interest, which is reserved and managed for purposes of conservation and to provide special opportunities for study or research. They may be designated by government institutions in some countries, or by private landowners, such as charities and research institutions. Nature reserves fall into different IUCN categories depending on the level of protection afforded by local laws. Normally it is more strictly protected than a nature park. Various jurisdictions may use other terminology, such as ecological protection area or private protected area in legislation and in official titles of the reserves.
A transboundary protected area (TBPA) is an ecological protected area that spans boundaries of more than one country or sub-national entity. Such areas are also known as transfrontier conservation areas (TFCAs) or peace parks.
Nigula Nature Reserve is a nature reserve situated in South-West of Estonia, in Häädemeeste and Saarde parishes of Pärnu County. It has an area of 63.98 km². Nigula nature reserve is one of the oldest bog reserves in Estonia. It is established to protect the Nigula Bog and its surrounding forests in their natural state.
Biebrza National Park is a national park in Podlaskie Voivodeship, northeastern Poland, along the Biebrza River.
The Borders of Poland are 3,511 km (2,182 mi) or 3,582 km (2,226 mi) long. The neighboring countries are Germany to the west, the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south, Ukraine and Belarus to the east, and Lithuania and the Russian province of Kaliningrad Oblast to the northeast. To the north, Poland is bordered by the Baltic Sea.
Protected areas of Russia,, is governed by the corresponding 1995 law of the Russian Federation.
A landscape park is a type of protected area in Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia, Ukraine, Hungary and Slovenia. It is of lower status than a National Park and with less stringent restrictions on development and economic use.
Janów Forests Landscape Park,, is a Polish Landscape Park designated protected area in southeastern Poland.
Łomża Landscape Park of the Narew Valley is a protected area in north-eastern Poland, on the banks of the Narew river, close to the town of Łomża, to the south-east.
Bug Landscape Park is a protected area in east-central Poland, and one of over a hundred Polish Landscape Parks. The park lies within Masovian Voivodeship, on the Bug River. It includes part of three Polish historical regions: Kurpie, Masovia and Podlasie.
Rogalin Landscape Park is a protected area in west-central Poland, covering an area of 126.4 square kilometres (48.8 sq mi). It includes two nature reserves.
Sobibór Landscape Park is a protected area created in Lublin Voivodeship, eastern Poland in 1983. It takes its name from the village of Sobibór.
Spała Landscape Park is a protected area in central Poland, established in 1995, covering an area of 128.75 square kilometres (49.71 sq mi). It takes its name from the village of Spała.
Szczecin Landscape Park "Beech Woods" is a protected area in north-western Poland, established in 1981 and covering an area of 91 square kilometres (35 sq mi). Its full name refers to the dense forest known as Puszcza Bukowa, which covers most of the area of the Park.
Categories of Natural Environment Protected Areas of Ukraine were reestablished (redefined) by the Verkhovna Rada after the fall of the Soviet Union. On 16 June 1992 the President of Ukraine Leonid Kravchuk signed the law on the Nature-Preservation Fund of Ukraine. The law redefined already the established system of environment protection management for Ukraine as a fully sovereign and independent country. National Parks in Ukraine and other protected areas of Ukraine include Ramsar sites in Ukraine, biosphere reserves of Ukraine, National Nature Parks of Ukraine, Nature Reserves of Ukraine, Regional landscape parks of Ukraine, Nature monuments of Ukraine, Protected tracts of Ukraine and Habitat/Species Managed Areas of Ukraine.
Nature reserves in Poland cover a total area of 1,644,634 hectares, representing 0.53% of the territory of Poland. As of 2011, Poland has 1469 nature reserves.
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