List of protected areas of Belize

Last updated

This is a list of protected areas in Belize.

National parks

St. Herman's Cave in St. Herman's Blue Hole National Park. St Hermans Cave Belize.jpg
St. Herman's Cave in St. Herman's Blue Hole National Park.

In Belize, national parks are areas designed for the protection and preservation of natural and aesthetic features of national significance for the benefit and enjoyment of the people. Therefore, they are areas of recreatitourism, as well as environmental protection. National parks are gazetted under the National Parks System Act of 1981. [1] They are administered by the Forest Department and managed through partnership agreements with community-based non-governmental organisations.

Contents

Natural monuments

The Great Blue Hole is one of the most recognisable natural features in Belize. Great Blue Hole.jpg
The Great Blue Hole is one of the most recognisable natural features in Belize.

A natural monument is designated for the preservation of unique geographic features of the landscape. The designation is primarily based on a feature's high scenic value, but may also be regarded as a cultural landmark that represents or contributes to a national identity.

Natural monuments are gazetted under the National Parks System Act of 1981; [1] marine-based monuments additionally come under the Fisheries Act. Of the five natural monuments in the country, three are terrestrial, administered by the Forest Department, while the remaining two are marine-based and come under the authority of the Fisheries Department.

Nature reserves

Wilderness scene in the Bladen Nature Reserve. Central River at sunrise.JPG
Wilderness scene in the Bladen Nature Reserve.

The country's three nature reserves enjoy the highest level of protection within the National Protected Areas System Plan. The designation was created for the strict protection of biological communities or ecosystems, and the maintenance of natural processes in an undisturbed state. They are typically pristine, wilderness ecosystems.

Nature reserves are legislated under the National Parks System Act of 1981. [1] It is the strictest designation of all categories within the country's national protected areas system, with no extractive use or tourism access permitted. Permits are required to enter the area and are restricted to researchers only. The nature reserves are under the authority of the Forest Department.

The oldest of these, Bladen Nature Reserve, forms the centrepiece of the Maya Mountains biological corridor, and is considered one of the most biodiversity-rich, and topographically unique areas within the Mesoamerican biodiversity hotspot.

Wildlife sanctuaries

Wildlife sanctuaries are created for the preservation of an important keystone species in the ecosystem. By preserving enough area for them to live in, many other species receive the protection they need as well.

Wildlife sanctuaries are gazetted under the National Parks System Act of 1981, and are the responsibility of the Forest Department. [1] There are currently seven wildlife sanctuaries, three of which are being managed under co-management partnerships, whilst the other four are managed under informal arrangements. Two of the following wildlife sanctuaries are considered to be marine protected areas, and may also have collaborative agreements with the Fisheries Department in place.

Forest reserves

Big Rock Falls in the Mountain Pine Ridge Forest Reserve. BigRockFalls.jpg
Big Rock Falls in the Mountain Pine Ridge Forest Reserve.

Forest reserves, overseen by the Forest Department, are designed for the sustainable extraction of timber without destroying the biodiversity of the location. These are gazetted under the Forests Act of 1927, [57] which allows the department to grant permits to logging companies after extensive review. There are currently 16 forest reserves with a combined acreage of 380,328 hectares (939,810 acres), making up 9.3% of total national territory. [58]

Marine reserves

Coral patch in the Hol Chan Marine Reserve. Holchan2.png
Coral patch in the Hol Chan Marine Reserve.

Marine reserves are designed for the conservation of aquatic ecosystems, including marine wildlife and its environment. The majority of these reserves contribute to the conservation of Belize's Barrier Reef, which provides a protective shelter for pristine atolls, seagrass meadows and rich marine life. The preservation of the Barrier Reef system has been recognised as a global interest through the collective designation of seven protected areas, including four of the following marine reserves, as a World Heritage Site.

Marine reserves are legislated under the Fisheries Act, and are administered by the Fisheries Department. One of the department's key responsibilities is to ensure the sustainable extraction of marine resources. There are currently eight marine reserves, management of which is either direct, by the department, or in partnership with non-governmental agencies.

Spawning aggregation sites

Bird sanctuaries

Little Guana Caye plays host to the largest colony of reddish egrets in the Caribbean. Reddish Egret Canopy Hunting.jpg
Little Guana Caye plays host to the largest colony of reddish egrets in the Caribbean.

The seven bird sanctuaries are some of the country's oldest protected areas established for the purpose of biodiversity conservation. They were gazetted in 1977 as crown reserves for the protection of waterfowl nesting and roosting colonies. [58] They were later reorganised under the National Parks System Act in 1981. [1] They are under the jurisdiction of the Forest Department. All of them are tiny islands with a combined surface area of 6 hectares (15 acres). [58]

All the sanctuaries are nesting and roosting sites for wading birds, though the species vary.

Archaeological reserves

Overlooking the Caracol ruins, the most extensive archaeological site in the country. Panorama atop Caracol.png
Overlooking the Caracol ruins, the most extensive archaeological site in the country.

Before the arrival of Europeans in America, Belize lay in the heartland of the Maya civilisation, and consequently contains some of the earliest and most important Maya ruins. [117] Archaeological findings at Caracol, in the southern end of the country, have suggested that it formed the centre of political struggles in the southern Maya lowlands. [117] The complex covered an area much larger than present-day Belize City and supported more than twice the modern city's population. [116] Meanwhile, Lamanai, in the north, is known for being the longest continually-occupied site in Mesoamerica, settled during the early Preclassic era and continuously occupied up to and during the area's colonisation. [117]

While the majority of reserves under this category are related to the pre-colonial era, Serpon Sugar Mill and Yarborough Cemetery, both designated in 2009, only date from the 19th century and are alternatively described as historical reserves. [118]

The country's 15 archaeological sites are managed by the Institute of Archaeology, a branch of the National Institute of Culture and History (NICH), [58] which comes under the authority of the Ministry of Culture. [119] This type of protected area was gazetted under the Ancient Monuments and Antiquities Act, 1 May 1972. [58] [120] All of the following reserves are open to the public. Many other sites, such as Cuello and Uxbenka, are located on private land and can only be visited if prior permission is obtained from the landowner. [117]

Private reserves

Private reserves are owned and operated by non-governmental conservation initiatives, and enjoy various levels of protection. Most of them are essentially multiple-use reserves, and include managed extraction of resources. [58]

In 2003, the Belize Association of Private Protected Areas (BAPPA) was formed to assist in the co-ordinatation of private conservation initiatives as a cohesive group, and to represent and assist landowners in attaining recognition from the Belizean government and integration into the national protected areas system. [148] It maintains a directory of landowners that are attempting to manage their land holdings for conservation purposes. [58]

A total of eight private reserves have so far been officially recognised as national protected areas. [148] While most of these recognised reserves have no formal or legal commitment to remain under conservation management, there are additional private landholdings which are considered to be very effective in biodiversity conservation and critical to the national protected areas system, but which are not yet recognised within the system. Formal adoption and implementation of proposed legislation to manage and regulate such areas is required to attain such recognition.

Official

As of January 2005, a total of eight private reserves were officially recognised as being part of the country's national protected areas system. [148] Two have a standing agreement with the government, while the remaining six have their own management system in place. [58] Of the following, Aguacate Lagoon is the only non-participatory reserve, its management expressing little interest in being part of the system.

They cover a combined total area of approximately 131,663 hectares (325,350 acres). [58]

Proposed

Others

See also

Footnotes

  1. ↑ There is no current co-management partner, nor on-site presence, though the area has been included in past conservation planning under Programme for Belize.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Prospective co-management organisation. No formal co-management agreements are currently being made, but these organisations have informal co-management authority.
  3. ↑ active.
  4. ↑ Until 2010, co-management was held by the Itzamna Society.
  5. ↑ Currently has no co-management partner and is managed directly by the Forest Department, though with no on-site presence. It is considered a paper park.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nature reserve</span> Protected area for flora, fauna or features of geological interest

A nature reserve is a protected area of importance for flora, fauna, funga, or features of geological or other special interest, which is reserved and managed for purposes of conservation and to provide special opportunities for study or research. They may be designated by government institutions in some countries, or by private landowners, such as charities and research institutions. Nature reserves fall into different IUCN categories depending on the level of protection afforded by local laws. Normally it is more strictly protected than a nature park. Various jurisdictions may use other terminology, such as ecological protection area or private protected area in legislation and in official titles of the reserves.

In situ conservation is the on-site conservation or the conservation of genetic resources in natural populations of plant or animal species, such as forest genetic resources in natural populations of tree species. This process protects the inhabitants and ensures the sustainability of the environment and ecosystem.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Protected areas of India</span>

There are four categories of protected areas in India, constituted under the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972. Tiger reserves consist of areas under national parks and wildlife sanctuaries. There are 53 tiger reserves in India. As of January 2023, the protected areas of India cover 173,629.52 square kilometres (67,038.73 sq mi), roughly 5.28% of the total geographical area of the country.

The flora of Belize is highly diverse by regional standards, given the country's small geographical extent. Situated on the Caribbean coast of northern Central America the flora and vegetation have been intimately intertwined with Belize's history. The nation itself grew out of British timber extraction activities from the 17th century onwards, at first for logwood and later for mahogany, fondly called "red gold" because of its high cost and was much sought after by European aristocracy. Central America generally is thought to have gained much of it characteristic flora during the "Great American interchange" during which time South American elements migrated north after the geological closure of the isthmus of Panama. Few Amazonian elements penetrate as far north as Belize and in species composition the forests of Belize are most similar to the forests of the Petén (Guatemala) and the Yucatán (Mexico).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Programme for Belize</span>

The Programme for Belize is a private initiative, the first project undertaken in 1988. Financial and management assistance was generously given by the Massachusetts Audubon Society. After the project was identified and started, loans were provided by the Nature Conservancy and donations provided by the World Land Trust. The goal of the project was to purchase and protect tropical rainforests in Belize to prevent them from being sold and cleared to make way for ranching. The project was launched at the London Butterfly House in May 1989. The famous naturalists Gerald Durrell and his wife Lee Durrell were guests of honour, and also visited Belize in 1989 to help with in-situ conservation efforts there. By 1996, more than 250,000 acres (1,000 km2) of land had been purchased and was under the ownership and protection of PfB. The World Land Trust then initiated Friends of Belize to help raise funds to cover costs of continuing protection of the purchased lands, as well as to aid in-situ conservation efforts. Since 2006 World Land Trust has organised regular symposia for the decision-makers of their project partners, and in 2008 PfB hosted the event at their La Milpa ecolodge.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cockscomb Basin Wildlife Sanctuary</span> Nature reserve in Belize

The Cockscomb Basin Wildlife Sanctuary is a nature reserve in the Stann Creek District of south-central Belize. It was established to protect the forests, fauna and watersheds of an approximately 400 square kilometres (150 sq mi) area of the eastern slopes of the Maya Mountains.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Conservation in Belize</span>

Since declaring independence in 1981, Belize has enacted many environmental protection laws aimed at the preservation of the country's natural and cultural heritage, as well as its wealth of natural resources. These acts have established a number of different types of protected areas, with each category having its own set of regulations dictating public access, resource extraction, land use and ownership.

Chiquibul National Park is Belize's largest national park. It is 1,073 km2 (414 sq mi) in size. The park is located in Belize's Cayo District. The national park surrounds Caracol, a Mayan city. Caracol has been designated as an archaeological reserve and is not included within the park's total area. Chiquibul Forest Reserve is adjacent to the park.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tourism in Belize</span>

Tourism in Belize has grown considerably recently, and it is now the second largest industry in the nation. Belizean Prime Minister Dean Barrow has stated his intention to use tourism to combat poverty throughout the country. The growth in tourism has positively affected the agricultural, commercial, and finance industries, as well as the construction industry. The results for Belize's tourism-driven economy have been significant, with the nation welcoming almost one million tourists in a calendar year for the first time in its history in 2012.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Earthwatch Institute</span> Scientific field research institute

Earthwatch Institute is an international environmental charity. It was founded in 1971 as Educational Expeditions International by Bob Citron and Clarence Truesdale. Earthwatch Institute supports Ph.D. researchers internationally and conducts over 100,000 hours of research annually using the Citizen Science methodology. Earthwatch's mission statement states that the organization "connects people with scientists worldwide to conduct environmental research and empowers them with the knowledge they need to conserve the planet." As such, it is one of the global underwriters of scientific field research in climate change, archaeology, paleontology, marine life, biodiversity, ecosystems and wildlife. For over fifty years, Earthwatch has raised funds to recruit individuals, students, teachers, and corporate fellows to participate in field research to understand nature's response to accelerating global change.

Janet Patricia Gibson is a biologist and zoologist from Belize. She was awarded the Goldman Environmental Prize in 1990 for her efforts on conservation of the marine ecosystems along the Belizean coast, in particular the barrier reef system. The Belize Barrier Reef was granted UNESCO World Heritage status in 1996, through efforts of Gibson and others. She is the current director of the Belize Wildlife Conservation Society.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wildlife of Peru</span>

Peru has some of the greatest biodiversity in the world. It belongs to the select group of mega diverse countries because of the presence of the Andes, Amazon rainforest, and the Pacific Ocean. It has the fourth-most tropical forests of any country and the ninth-most forest area. The country is ranked among the five countries with the greatest biodiversity in the world according to various studies.

Bacalar Chico National Park and Marine Reserve (BCNPMR) is a protected area and UNESCO World Heritage Site on the northern part of Ambergris Caye in Belize.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bladen Nature Reserve</span> Nature reserve in Toledo, Belize

Bladen Nature Reserve in Belize is a landscape of caves, sinkholes, streams and rivers, old growth rainforest and an abundance of highly diverse flora and fauna which includes a great deal of rare and endemic species.

The Belize Audubon Society is a conservation group in Belize, formed in 1969. Like similar societies elsewhere, it is named in honor of ornithologist and naturalist John James Audubon.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Half Moon Caye</span>

Half Moon Caye is an island and natural monument of Belize located at the southeast corner of Lighthouse Reef Atoll. This natural monument was the first nature reserve to have been established in Belize under the National Park Systems Act in 1981 and first marine protected area in Central America. This is also Belize's oldest site of wildlife protection since it was first designated as a bird sanctuary in 1924 to protect the habitat of the red-footed booby birds.

Port Honduras Marine Reserve is a national protected marine reserve in the Toledo district of Belize. It was established in January 2000, and covers 40,470 hectares of mangrove and coastal ecosystems. It encompasses over one hundred small, mangrove-fringed cayes, benthic habitats comprising soft-bottom seagrass beds and fringing reefs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gladden Spit and Silk Cayes Marine Reserve</span>

Gladden Spit and Silk Cayes Marine Reserve (GSSCMR) is a protected marine reserve in the central part of Belize's Barrier Reef. It covers approximately 25,980 acres (10,510 ha) lying 36 kilometres (22 mi) off the coast of Placencia. Established in 2003, The reserve comes under the authority of the government's Fisheries Department, but is managed by the Southern Environmental Association, a community-based organisation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shipstern Conservation & Management Area</span>

Shipstern Conservation and Management Area is a protected area located in the Corozal District of northeastern Belize.

The Maya Golden Landscape is an area in Belize of approximately 275,000 hectares consisting of protected areas, agriculture, private lands and many small communities that is under the management of the Ya'axché Conservation Trust in Toledo District. The Landscape area encompasses the Bladen Nature Reserve, Colombia River Forest Reserve, Cockscomb Basin Wildlife Sanctuary, Deep River Forest River Reserve, Port Honduras Marine Reserve, along with commercial and subsistence farmland. Most of the area is dominated with various types of broadleaf forests which varies with topography, soil type and the disturbance history. One disturbance that affect the area, as well, is fires caused by agricultural farming due to the slash and burn practice.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 The Laws of Belize 2000 , Chpt. 215
  2. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  64.
  3. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  67.
  4. 1 2 Green Reef Environmental Institute. "The World Heritage Site". Greenreef Belize. Archived from the original on 27 March 2012. Retrieved 17 July 2011.
  5. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  13.
  6. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  85.
  7. ↑ Friends for Conservation and Development (2011). "Index". FCD Belize. Retrieved 17 July 2011.
  8. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  95.
  9. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  102.
  10. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  104.
  11. ↑ Belize Audubon Society 2008, Guanacaste National Park.
  12. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  107.
  13. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  109.
  14. ↑ Naturalight Productions Ltd. (2011). "Laughing Bird Caye National Park". SEA Belize. Southern Environmental Association. Archived from the original on 2 October 2011. Retrieved 17 July 2011.
  15. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  115.
  16. ↑ Salam, T. "Friends of Mayflower-Bocawina National Park". APAMO. Association of Protected Areas Management Organisations. Retrieved 17 July 2011.
  17. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  116.
  18. ↑ Guardians of the Jewel (2011). "Projects" . Retrieved 17 July 2011.
  19. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  122.
  20. ↑ Garcia, M. (2002). "Noj Kaax Meen Elijio Panti National Park". Elijio Panti National Park. Itzamna Society. Retrieved 17 July 2011.
  21. ↑ Belize Development Foundation (2011). "Noj K'a'ax Meen Elijio Panti National Park". Elijio Panti National Park Official Website. Retrieved 17 July 2011.
  22. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  124.
  23. ↑ Toledo Institute for Development and Environment. "Payne's Creek National Park" . Retrieved 17 July 2011.
  24. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  107637.
  25. ↑ Gracie Rock Reserve for Adventure, Culture and Ecotourism. "GRACE Initiative". Rainforest Carbon Remove Society. Retrieved 17 July 2011.[ permanent dead link ]
  26. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  126.
  27. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  134.
  28. ↑ Gomez, L. "About SATIIM". Sarstoon Temash Institute for Indigenous Management. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
  29. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  75.
  30. ↑ Belize Audubon Society 2008, St. Hermans Blue Hole National Park.
  31. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  1981.
  32. ↑ Belize Audubon Society 2008, Actun Tunichil Muknal Natural Monument.
  33. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  73.
  34. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  74.
  35. ↑ Belize Audubon Society 2008, Blue Hole Natural Monument.
  36. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  105.
  37. ↑ Belize Audubon Society 2008, Half Moon Caye Natural Monument.
  38. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  150.
  39. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  152.
  40. ↑ Belize Audubon Society 2008, Victoria Peak Natural Monument.
  41. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  71.
  42. ↑ Ya’axché Conservation Trust. "Bladen Nature Reserve". Yaaxche.org. Ya’axché Conservation Trust. Archived from the original on 2 October 2011. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
  43. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  77.
  44. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  149.
  45. ↑ Belize Audubon Society 2008, Tapir Mountain Nature Reserve.
  46. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  62.
  47. ↑ Pop, F. "Aguacaliente Management Team". APAMO. Association of Protected Areas Management Organisations. Retrieved 19 July 2011.
  48. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  86.
  49. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  89.
  50. ↑ Verde, J. (2011). "Corozal Bay Wildlife Sanctuary". Sarteneja Alliance for Conservation and Development. Archived from the original on 14 May 2011. Retrieved 19 July 2011.
  51. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  90.
  52. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  97.
  53. ↑ Gales Point Wildlife Sanctuary Community Management Committee (2009). "The Sanctuary". Gales Point. Archived from the original on 27 March 2012. Retrieved 19 July 2011.
  54. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  145.
  55. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  146.
  56. ↑ Friends of Swallow Caye (2006). "Friends of Swallow Caye News". Belize Manatees. Retrieved 19 July 2011.[ permanent dead link ]
  57. ↑ The Laws of Belize 2000 , Chpt. 213
  58. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Meerman J.C. (August 2005). "Protected Area Categories". National Protected Area System Analysis.{{cite web}}: Missing or empty |url= (help)
  59. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  81.
  60. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  84.
  61. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  87.
  62. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  91.
  63. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  96.
  64. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  103.
  65. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  111.
  66. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  154.
  67. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  112.
  68. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  113.
  69. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  118.
  70. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  119.
  71. 1 2 "Mountain Pine Ridge Forest Reserve". Belize National Parks, Natural Reserves, & Wildlife Sanctuaries. Casado Internet Group. Retrieved 17 July 2011.
  72. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  114.
  73. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  138.
  74. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  140.
  75. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  147.
  76. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  151.
  77. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  107651.
  78. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  66.
  79. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  82.
  80. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  98.
  81. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  107652.
  82. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  139.
  83. ↑ "Gladen Split/Silk Cayes". SEA Belize. Southern Environmental Association. Archived from the original on 2 October 2011. Retrieved 12 October 2011.
  84. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  100.
  85. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  107653.
  86. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  107655.
  87. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  107654.
  88. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  107656.
  89. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  106.
  90. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  107658.
  91. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  107657.
  92. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  107659.
  93. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  125.
  94. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  107660.
  95. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  133.
  96. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  144.
  97. ↑ South Water Caye Marine Reserve. "Welcome". Government of Belize, Fisheries Department. Retrieved 5 September 2011.
  98. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  92.
  99. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  94.
  100. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  99.
  101. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  120.
  102. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  123.
  103. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  128.
  104. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  129.
  105. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  131.
  106. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  135.
  107. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  142.
  108. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  143.
  109. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  1983.
  110. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  1986.
  111. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  1988.
  112. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  1989.
  113. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  1992.
  114. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  1991.
  115. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  1995.
  116. 1 2 Caracol Archaeological Project (2011). "Site Overview". Caracol.org. University of Central Florida, College of Sciences. Archived from the original on 1 April 2011. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
  117. 1 2 3 4 5 Association for Belizean Archaeology (2008). "Maya Archaeological Sites in Belize". Maya Sites in Belize. Cubola Productions, Casado Internet Group. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
  118. 1 2 Institute of Archaeology 2011 , Serpon Sugar Mill
  119. ↑ National Institute of Culture and History. "About NICH". Government of Belize, Ministry of Tourism, Civil Aviation and Culture. Archived from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
  120. ↑ The Laws of Belize 2000 , Chpt. 330
  121. ↑ Institute of Archaeology 2011, Altun Ha.
  122. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  1982.
  123. ↑ Institute of Archaeology 2011, Barton Creek.
  124. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  68.
  125. ↑ Institute of Archaeology 2011, Cahal Pech.
  126. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  78.
  127. ↑ Institute of Archaeology 2011, Caracol.
  128. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  79.
  129. ↑ Institute of Archaeology 2011, Cerro Maya.
  130. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  1985.
  131. ↑ Institute of Archaeology 2011, El Pilar.
  132. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  93.
  133. ↑ Institute of Archaeology 2011, Lamanai.
  134. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  1987.
  135. ↑ Institute of Archaeology 2011, Lubaantun.
  136. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  1990.
  137. ↑ Brown, J. (2011). "Contact us". Marco Gonzalez Maya Site. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
  138. ↑ Institute of Archaeology 2011, Nim Li Punit.
  139. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  121.
  140. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  107636.
  141. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  1984.
  142. ↑ Institute of Archaeology 2011, Santa Rita.
  143. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  1993.
  144. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  107640.
  145. ↑ Institute of Archaeology 2011, Xunantunich.
  146. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  153.
  147. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  107650.
  148. 1 2 3 Martinez, F. "Rationale for Belize Association of Private Protected Areas". Brooksmith Consulting. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
  149. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  63.
  150. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  72.
  151. ↑ Toledo Institute for Development and Environment. "TIDE Private Protected Lands" . Retrieved 16 July 2011.
  152. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  88.
  153. ↑ Community Baboon Sanctuary. "About the CBS". Howlermonkeys.org. Archived from the original on March 20, 2004. Retrieved 16 July 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  154. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  101.
  155. ↑ Ya’axché Conservation Trust. "Golden Stream Corridor Preserve". Yaaxche.org. Ya’axché Conservation Trust. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
  156. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  117.
  157. ↑ Miller, M. "About Monkey Bay". Monkey Bay Wildlife Sanctuary. Naturalight Productions. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
  158. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  127.
  159. ↑ Romero, E. (2011). "Conservation". Programme for Belize. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
  160. ↑ "Río Bravo Conservation and Management Area". Belize National Parks, Natural Reserves, & Wildlife Sanctuaries. Maya Sites in Belize. Casado Internet Group. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
  161. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  130.
  162. ↑ Van Schyndel, A. "History". Runaway Creek — Belize Rainforest Preserve. Foundation for Wildlife Conservation. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
  163. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  136.
  164. ↑ Fondation Papiliorama-Nocturama. "Welcome to Shipstern Nature Reserve!". Shipstern.org. Protected Areas database. International Tropical Conservation Foundation. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
  165. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  107618.
  166. ↑ Tropical Rainforest Coalition (2010). "Balam Na, Belize". Projects. Retrieved 17 July 2011.
  167. ↑ "Great Maya Forest, Belize". Global Conservation. Retrieved 5 May 2024.
  168. ↑ Harrison, Derek (10 March 2024). "Can Carbon Offsets Save a Fragile Band of Belize's Tropical Rainforest?". Inside Climate News. Retrieved 5 May 2024.
  169. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  107617.
  170. ↑ Belize Foundation for Research and Environmental Education. "What is Bfree?" . Retrieved 12 July 2011.
  171. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  76.
  172. ↑ Karas, P. "Conservation at Boden Creek Ecological Preserve". Protected Areas database. Belize Lodge & Excursions Ltd. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
  173. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  107621.
  174. ↑ Walker, P. "Introduction to Fireburn Reserve". Protected Areas. Wildtracks. Retrieved 17 July 2011.
  175. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  14.
  176. ↑ Gallon Jug Estate. "Home" . Retrieved 21 July 2011.
  177. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  107624.
  178. ↑ Meerman, J.C. (2011). "Green Hills Private Conservation Management Area". Green Hills Butterfly Ranch and Botanical Collections. Biodiversity in Belize; Belize Explorer Group. Retrieved 17 July 2011.
  179. ↑ Belize Tropical Forest Studies 2010, p.  107625.
  180. ↑ Hidden Valley Institute. "Conservation Efforts" . Retrieved 17 July 2011.
  181. ↑ http://www.biodiversity.bz/find/protected_area/profile.phtml?pa_id=107642
  182. ↑ http://www.biodiversity.bz/find/protected_area/profile.phtml?pa_id=107619
  183. ↑ http://www.biodiversity.bz/find/protected_area/profile.phtml?pa_id=107632

Bibliography

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.