There are several types of protected areas of the Czech Republic . The main form of landscape protection is delimitation of special protected areas. All the types of protected areas are determined by law. [1]
There are six types of special protected areas distinguished by their size and importance. The types of large-scale protected areas are national park and protected landscape area; the types of small-scale protected areas are national nature reserve, nature reserve, national nature monument, and nature monument. [1]
National park (Czech : národní park, abbreviated as NP) are defined as a large areas with a typical relief and geological structure and a predominant occurrence of natural or man-made ecosystems, unique and significant on a national or international scale in terms of ecology, science, education or awareness. They are established by the Czech Government. As of 2021, there were four national parks in the Czech Republic: [1]
Short name | Full name | Established | Area | Protective zone area | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Krkonoše | Krkonošský národní park (KRNAP) | 1963 | 363.27 km2 | 140.26 sq mi | 186.42 km2 | 71.98 sq mi |
Podyjí | Národní park Podyjí | 1991 | 63 km2 | 24 sq mi | 29 km2 | 11 sq mi |
Šumava | Národní park Šumava | 1991 | 685.2 km2 | 264.6 sq mi | 944.8 km2 | 364.8 sq mi * |
Bohemian Switzerland | Národní park České Švýcarsko | 2000 | 79 km2 | 31 sq mi | ||
* The Šumava Protective Zone constitutes the Šumava PLA |
Protected landscape area (abbreviated PLA; Czech : chráněná krajinná oblast, abbreviated CHKO) is a large area of harmonic landscape with a typical relief, with a considerable share of natural forest and permanent grassy ecosystems, there can also be preserved human settlement monuments. They are established by the Czech Government. As of 2021 there were 26 protected landscape areas in the Czech Republic: [1]
Czech name | English translation | Established | Area | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Český ráj | Bohemian Paradise | 1955 | 181.52 km2 | 70.09 sq mi |
Moravský kras | Moravian Karst | 1956 | 92 km2 | 36 sq mi |
Šumava | Bohemian Forest | 1963 | 944.8 km2 | 364.8 sq mi |
Jizerské hory | Jizera Mountains | 1968 | 368 km2 | 142 sq mi |
Jeseníky | Ash Mountains | 1969 | 740 km2 | 286 sq mi |
Orlické hory | Orlické Mountains | 1969 | 200 km2 | 77 sq mi |
Žďárské vrchy | Žďár Highlands | 1970 | 715 km2 | 276 sq mi |
Český kras | Bohemian Karst | 1972 | 132 km2 | 51 sq mi |
Labské pískovce | Elbe Sandstone Mountains | 1972 | 245 km2 | 95 sq mi |
Beskydy | Beskids | 1973 | 1,196.96 km2 | 462.15 sq mi |
Slavkovský les | Slavkov Forest | 1974 | 640 km2 | 247 sq mi |
České středohoří | Central Bohemian Uplands | 1976 | 1,070 km2 | 413 sq mi |
Kokořínsko – Máchův kraj | Kokořín Area – Mácha's Region | 1976 | 410 km2 | 158 sq mi |
Lužické hory | Lusatian Mountains | 1976 | 350 km2 | 135 sq mi |
Pálava | Pálava | 1976 | 70 km2 | 27 sq mi |
Křivoklátsko | Křivoklát Area | 1978 | 630 km2 | 243 sq mi |
Třeboňsko | Třeboň Basin | 1979 | 700 km2 | 270 sq mi |
Bílé Karpaty | White Carpathians | 1980 | 71.5 km2 | 27.6 sq mi |
Blaník | Blaník | 1981 | 40 km2 | 15 sq mi |
Blanský les | Blanský Forest | 1989 | 212.35 km2 | 81.99 sq mi |
Litovelské Pomoraví | Litovel Morava Basin | 1990 | 96 km2 | 37 sq mi |
Broumovsko | Broumov Area | 1991 | 410 km2 | 158 sq mi |
Poodří | Oder Basin | 1991 | 81.5 km2 | 31.5 sq mi |
Železné hory | Iron Mountains | 1991 | 380 km2 | 147 sq mi |
Český les | Upper Palatine Forest | 2005 | 470 km2 | 181 sq mi |
Brdy | Brdy | 2016 | 345 km2 | 133 sq mi |
Novohradské hory | Gratzen Mountains | pending | 219 km2 | 85 sq mi |
Střední Poohří | Central Ohře (Eger) Basin | pending | 240 km2 | 93 sq mi |
National nature reserve (Czech : národní přírodní rezervace, abbreviated NPR) is a smaller area of exceptional nature value, where a typical relief of typical geological composition is combined with ecosystems important on an international or national level. They are established by the Czech Ministry of Environment.
Nature reserve (Czech : přírodní rezervace, abbreviated PR) is a smaller area with concentrated nature features and ecosystems typical for a given geographical region. They are established by the appropriate Regional Government (Czech : krajský úřad) or Management of a National Park or Landscape Protected Area.
National Nature monument (Czech : národní přírodní památka, abbreviated as NPP) is a nature formation of a smaller area, usually geological or geomorphological formation, mineral or fossil collection locality or a habitat of endangered plants or animals in parts of ecosystems with a local environmental, scientific or esthetic importance. They are established by the Czech Ministry of Environment.
Nature Monument (Czech : přírodní památka, abbreviated as PP) is a nature formation of a smaller area, usually geological or geomorphological formation, mineral or fossil collection locality or a habitat of endangered plants or animals in parts of ecosystems with an international or national environmental, scientific or esthetic importance. They are established by the appropriate Regional Government or Management of a national park or protected landscape area.
Nature park (Czech : přírodní park) is usually a large area serving the protection of a landscape against activities that could decrease its natural and esthetic value. They can be established by any State Environment Protection body.
Memorable tree, group of trees or alley (Czech : památný strom, skupina stromů nebo stromořadí). They can be established by any State Environment Protection body.
Notable landscape feature (Czech : významný krajinný prvek) is usually a natural, cultural or historical feature typical for a given locality or region. They can be established by any State Environment Protection body.
Specially protected species of plants and animals (Czech : Zvláště chráněné druhy rostlin a živočichů) are those species or subspecies which are very rare, generally endangered, scientifically or culturally important. They are listed in a Czech Ministry of Environment regulation. As of 2003, there are 477 plant species, 27 mushroom species and 191 animals on the list.
The Lužnice is a river in the Czech Republic and Austria, a right tributary of the Vltava River. It flows through Lower Austria and through the South Bohemian Region. It is 197.9 km (123.0 mi) long, of which 157.7 km (98.0 mi) is the Czech Republic, which makes it the 11th longest river in the Czech Republic.
Cheb District is a district in the Karlovy Vary Region of the Czech Republic. Its capital is the town of Cheb. It is the westernmost district of the Czech Republic.
Krkonoše National Park is a national park in the Liberec and Hradec Králové regions of the Czech Republic. It covers most of the Giant Mountains, which is the highest range of the country. The park has also been listed as a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve site. It borders Karkonosze National Park in Poland.
The Šumava National Park, or Bohemian Forest National Park, is a national park in the South Bohemian regions of the Czech Republic along the border with Germany and Austria. They protect a little-inhabited area of the mountain range of the same name, the Šumava or Bohemian Forest.
Děčín District is a district in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic. Its capital is the city of Děčín.
Praděd is the highest mountain of the Hrubý Jeseník mountains, Moravia, Czech Silesia and Upper Silesia and is the fifth-highest mountain of the Czech Republic. The highest point of Moravia is located near the summit of Praděd; but the summit itself is in Czech Silesia.
A nature park, or sometimes natural park, is a designation for a protected natural area by means of long-term land planning, sustainable resource management and limitation of agricultural and real estate developments. These valuable landscapes are preserved in their present ecological state and promoted for ecotourism purposes.
The environment of Azerbaijan, includes a wide diversity of climates, animals, plants, and habitats.
Beskydy Protected Landscape Area (PLA) is the largest PLA in the Czech Republic. The area is 1,160 km2 (450 sq mi).
A landscape park is a type of protected area in Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia, Ukraine, Hungary and Slovenia. It is of lower status than a National Park and with less stringent restrictions on development and economic use.
Vlhošť is a mountain and nature reserve in the Ralsko Uplands in the Liberec Region of the Czech Republic. It has an elevation of 614 m (2,014 ft).
Větrušice is a municipality and village in Prague-East District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 700 inhabitants.
Categories of Natural Environment Protected Areas of Ukraine were reestablished (redefined) by the Verkhovna Rada after the fall of the Soviet Union. On 16 June 1992 the President of Ukraine Leonid Kravchuk signed the law on the Nature-Preservation Fund of Ukraine. The law redefined already the established system of environment protection management for Ukraine as a fully sovereign and independent country. National Parks in Ukraine and other protected areas of Ukraine include Ramsar sites in Ukraine, biosphere reserves of Ukraine, National Nature Parks of Ukraine, Nature Reserves of Ukraine, Regional landscape parks of Ukraine, Nature monuments of Ukraine, Protected tracts of Ukraine and Habitat/Species Managed Areas of Ukraine.
IUCN protected area categories, or IUCN protected area management categories, are categories used to classify protected areas in a system developed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
The Zbrašov Aragonite Caves are a national nature monument in Teplice nad Bečvou in the Olomouc Region, Czech Republic. The main subject of protection are important hydrothermal karst areas of Europe. They include the aragonite caves as well as the surrounding forests. Discovered in 1912 and opened for the public in 1926, the caves were created by both surface water and underground mineral water springs rich in carbon dioxide that are used in spas in the nearby village and spa resort of Teplice nad Bečvou.
The cultural monuments of the Czech Republic are protected properties designated by the Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic. Cultural monuments that constitute the most important part of the Czech cultural heritage may be declared national cultural monuments by a regulation of the Government of the Czech Republic. Government may also proclaim a territory, whose character and environment is determined by a group of immovable cultural monuments or archaeological finds, as a whole, as a monument reservation. Ministry of Culture may proclaim a territory of a settlement with a smaller number of cultural monuments, historical environment or part of a landscape area that display significant cultural values as a monument zone.
The National System of Protected Natural Areas of Uruguay is an instrument of policy implementation and national environmental action plans for Uruguay.
Milovice Nature Reserve is a nature reserve next to the towns of Milovice and Benátky nad Jizerou in Nymburk District, Central Bohemian Region, Czech Republic. Established in 2015, the area is administered by the Česká krajina o.p.s. organization, as a part of Evropsky významná lokalita Milovice-Mladá CZ0214006 protected area, part of the European Union project Natura 2000. This reserve is a pioneering project of cooperation between several scientific bodies and draws support from many organizations and private sponsors.
Eastern Ore Mountains is a nature park near Teplice, Czech Republic. The nature park was founded in 1995. It covers an area of 40 km2. The nature park is known for its diverse nature, peat bogs and mountain meadows. The nature park Eastern Ore Mountains lies in the UNESCO World Heritage Site Ore Mountains. It is part of the special protection area Východní Krušné Hory, which was founded in 2005, because of the population of black grouse and other endangered bird species within it.