Governor of Spanish Guinea | |
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Gobernador del Guinea Español | |
Reports to | Head of State of Spain |
Seat | Santa Isabel |
Formation | 24 October 1778 |
First holder | Felipe de los Santos Toro y Freyre, conde de Argelejo |
Final holder | Víctor Suances y Díaz del Río |
Abolished | 12 October 1968 |
Succession | President of Equatorial Guinea |
History of Equatorial Guinea |
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Chronological |
The colonial governors of Spanish Guinea were the colonial administrators responsible for the territory of Spanish Guinea, an area equivalent to modern-day Equatorial Guinea.
(Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office)
Tenure | Portrait | Incumbent | Notes |
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Spanish suzerainty | |||
24 October 1778 to 14 November 1778 | Felipe de los Santos Toro y Freyre, conde de Argelejo , Governor | ||
14 November 1778 to 30 December 1781 | Joaquín Primo de Rivera y Pérez de Acal , Governor | ||
30 December 1781 to 27 October 1827 | Vacant | ||
British suzerainty | |||
Superintendents later Governors of Fernando Pó (1849–1855 also British Consuls of the Bight of Biafra, Nigeria ) | |||
27 October 1827 to 4 April 1829 | William Fitzwilliam Owen , Superintendent | ||
4 April 1829 to 1830 | Edward Nicolls , Superintendent | 1st time | |
1830 to 1831 | John Beecroft , acting Superintendent | 1st time | |
18 August 1831 to 1833 | Edward Nicolls , Superintendent | 2nd time | |
1833 to 10 June 1854 | John Beecroft , Superintendent | 2nd time | |
10 June 1854 to 27 May 1858 | James W. B. Lynslager , acting Superintendent | ||
Spanish suzerainty | |||
27 May 1858 to 1 September 1859 | Carlos de Chacón y Michelena , Governor | ||
1 September 1859 to 30 June 1862 | José de la Gándara y Navarro , Governor | ||
30 June 1862 to 1 August 1865 | Pantaleón López de la Torre Ayllón , Governor | ||
1 August 1865 to 31 August 1865 | Francisco Osorio , acting Governor | ||
31 August 1865 to 18 September 1865 | Félix Recio , acting Governor | 1st time | |
18 September 1865 to 1 April 1868 | José Gómez de Barreda y Ruiz de Mazmela , Governor | ||
1 April 1868 to 9 August 1868 | Félix Recio , acting Governor | 2nd time | |
9 August 1868 to 18 July 1869 | Joaquín de Souza y Gallardo , Governor | ||
21 August 1869 to 11 September 1869 | Clemente Ramos , acting Governor | ||
11 September 1869 to 21 January 1870 | Manuel Vial , acting Governor | 1st time | |
21 January 1870 to 11 June 1870 | Zoilo Sánchez Ocaña , Governor | ||
11 June 1870 to 16 August 1870 | Manuel Vial , acting Governor | 2nd time | |
16 August 1870 to 14 February 1871 | Felipe C. Argüelles , acting Governor | 1st time | |
14 February 1871 to 28 April 1871 | Federico Anrich Santamaría , Governor | ||
28 April 1871 to 1 October 1871 | Felipe C. Argüelles , acting Governor | 2nd time | |
1 October 1871 to 23 June 1872 | Antonio Vivar , acting Governor | ||
23 June 1872 to 5 December 1872 | Pedro Osa , acting Governor | ||
5 December 1872 to 22 November 1874 | Ignacio García Tudela , Governor | ||
22 November 1874 to 22 January 1875 | Jacobo Varela , acting Governor | ||
22 January 1875 to 13 February 1877 | Diego Santisteban y Chamorro , Governor | ||
13 February 1877 to 1 February 1879 | Alejandro Arias Salgado , Governor | ||
1 February 1879 to 21 April 1879 | Luis de la Pila , acting Governor | ||
21 April 1879 to 20 June 1879 | Juan Aguilar , acting Governor | ||
20 June 1879 to 24 July 1879 | José Montes de Oca y Aceñero , acting Governor | 1st time | |
24 July 1879 to 3 September 1880 | Enrique Santaló y Sáenz de Tejada , Governor | ||
3 September 1880 to 24 January 1883 | José Montes de Oca y Aceñero , Governor | 2nd time | |
24 January 1883 to 25 January 1883 | Francisco Romera , acting Governor | ||
25 January 1883 to 28 December 1884 | Antonio Cano y Prieto , Governor | ||
28 December 1884 to 28 January 1885 | Waldo Pérez Cossio , acting Governor | ||
28 January 1885 to 1 October 1887 | José Montes de Oca y Aceñero , Governor | 3rd time | |
1 October 1887 to 8 November 1887 | Juan de la Rocha , acting Governor | ||
8 November 1887 to 4 February 1888 | Luis Navarro , Governor | ||
4 February 1888 to 20 April 1888 | José María Ibarra y Autrán , acting Governor | 1st time | |
20 April 1888 to 21 April 1890 | Antonio Morena Guerra , Governor | ||
21 April 1890 to 4 November 1890 | José María Ibarra y Autrán , Governor | 2nd time | |
4 November 1890 to 22 December 1890 | José Gómez de Barreda , Governor | ||
22 December 1890 to 24 December 1891 | José de Barrasa y Fernández de Castro , Governor | ||
24 December 1891 to 10 April 1892 | Antonio Martínez , Governor | ||
10 April 1892 to 12 May 1893 | Eulogio Merchán y Rico , Governor | ||
12 May 1893 to 17 May 1893 | Dionisio Shelly , acting Governor | 1st time | |
17 May 1893 to 1 June 1893 | Pio Porcell , acting Governor | ||
1 June 1893 to 29 July 1893 | Dionisio Shelly , acting Governor | 2nd time | |
29 July 1893 to 16 February 1895 | José de la Puente y Bassavé , Governor | ||
16 February 1895 to 21 July 1895 | Agustín Cuesta , acting Governor | ||
21 July 1895 to 19 May 1897 | Adolfo de España y Gómez de Humarán , Governor | ||
19 May 1897 to 19 June 1897 | Armando Pontes , acting Governor | ||
19 June 1897 to 21 July 1897 | Mateo Mezquida , acting Governor | ||
21 July 1897 to 19 October 1897 | Manuel Rico , Governor | ||
19 October 1897 to 7 November 1899 | José Rodríguez de Vera , Governor | ||
7 November 1899 to 30 November 1899 | Francisco Guarro , acting Governor | ||
30 November 1899 to 12 December 1899 | Guillermo Lacave , acting Governor | ||
14 December 1899 to 3 March 1901 | Francisco de Paula Dueñas Martínez , Governor | ||
3 March 1901 to 25 February 1905 | José de Ibarra y Autrán , Governor | ||
25 February 1905 to 26 March 1906 | José Gómez de la Serna , Governor | ||
26 March 1906 to 20 September 1906 | Diego Saavedra y Magdalena , Governor | 1st time | |
20 September 1906 to 18 February 1907 | Ángel Barrera y Luyando , Governor | 1st time | |
18 February 1907 to 17 August 1908 | Luis Ramos Izquierdo y Vivar , Governor | ||
17 August 1908 to 30 September 1908 | Luis Dabán , acting Governor | ||
30 September 1908 to 19 October 1908 | Diego Saavedra y Magdalena , acting Governor | 2nd time | |
19 October 1908 to 10 September 1910 | José Centaño Anchorena , Governor | ||
10 September 1910 to 8 February 1924 | Ángel Barrera y Luyando , Governor | 2nd time | |
8 February 1924 to 8 February 1926 | Carlos Tovar de Revilla , Governor | ||
8 February 1926 to 1 March 1931 | Miguel Núñez de Prado , Governor | ||
1 January 1928 to 14 August 1928 | Adolfo García Amilivia , acting Governor | Acting for Prado | |
2 August 1930 to 1 March 1931 | José Domínguez Manresa , acting Governor | Acting for Prado | |
20 April 1931 to 1 November 1931 | José Domínguez Manresa , interim Governor | 1st time | |
1 November 1931 to 14 November 1932 | Gustavo de Sostoa y Sthamer , Governor | ||
14 November 1931 to 15 November 1932 | Pedro Agustín González Ordóñez , acting Governor | ||
15 November 1932 to 10 July 1933 | José Domínguez Manresa , interim Governor | 2nd time | |
10 July 1933 to 1 September 1934 | Estanislao Lluesma García , Governor | ||
1 September 1934 to 5 September 1935 | José Domínguez Manresa , acting Governor | 3rd time | |
5 September 1934 to 10 December 1935 | Ángel Manzaneque Feltrer , Governor | ||
15 June 1935 to 10 December 1935 | Luis Serrano Maranges , acting Governor | Acting for Feltrer, 1st time | |
10 December 1935 to 25 September 1936 | Luis Sánchez Guerra y Sáinz , Governor | ||
15 September 1936 to 25 September 1936 | Estanislao Lluesma García , Governor | Appointed, did not take office | |
25 March 1936 to 12 April 1936 | Carlos Vázquez Ruiz , acting Governor | Acting for Guerra y Sáinz | |
25 September 1936 to 1 January 1937 | Luis Serrano Maranges , acting Governor | Nationalist, in rebellion on Fernando Pó from 19 September 1936; 2nd time | |
25 September 1936 to 14 October 1936 | Miguel Hernández Porcel , Subgovernor | Republican, in dissidence in Río Muni | |
12 December 1936 to 14 December 1936 | Carlos Vázquez Ruiz , acting Governor | Acting for Serrano | |
1 January 1937 to 15 December 1937 | Manuel de Mendívil y Elío , Governor | ||
15 December 1937 to 5 March 1942 | Juan Fontán Lobé , Governor | ||
12 June 1938 to 21 September 1938 | Natividad Calzada y Castañeda , acting Governor | Acting for Fontán | |
30 August 1939 to 15 December 1939 | Víctor Suances y Díaz del Río , acting Governor | Acting for Fontán | |
22 August 1940 to 16 September 1940 | Fernando González Lavín , acting Governor | Acting for Fontán | |
16 September 1940 to 17 May 1941 | Víctor Suances y Díaz del Río , acting Governor | Acting for Fontán | |
14 August 1941 to 13 October 1941 | Pedro Cano Manuel Aubarede , acting Governor | Acting for Fontán | |
13 October 1941 to 5 March 1942 | José Luis Soraluce Irastorza , acting Governor | Acting for Fontán | |
5 March 1942 to 12 February 1944 | Mariano Alonso Alonso , Governor | ||
18 October 1943 to 12 February 1944 | Rufino Pérez Barrueco , acting Governor | Acting for Alonso | |
12 February 1944 to 6 March 1949 | Juan María Bonelli Rubio , Governor | ||
13 September 1944 to 2 March 1945 | Joaquín Bosch de la Barrera , acting Governor | Acting for Bonelli | |
9 August 1946 to 22 February 1947 | Joaquín Bosch de la Barrera , acting Governor | Acting for Bonelli | |
12 April 1948 to 8 August 1948 | Carlos Rodríguez Solano y Dueñas , acting Governor | Acting for Bonelli | |
6 March 1949 to April 1949 | Pedro Grajera Torres , acting Governor | ||
April 1949 to 21 February 1962 | Faustino Ruíz González , Governor | ||
November 1953 to 1954 | Hermenegildo Altozano Moraleda , acting Governor | Acting for Ruíz González | |
21 February 1962 to 1 January 1964 | Francisco Núñez Rodríguez , Governor | A referendum on autonomy was held on 15 December 1963, approving the proposal | |
1 January 1964 | Self-rule as Equatorial Guinea | ||
1 January 1964 to 10 March 1964 | Francisco Núñez Rodríguez , Governor | ||
10 March 1964 to July 1964 | Pedro Latorre Alcubierre , Governor | ||
July 1964 to August 1966 | Pedro Latorre Alcubierre , Commissioner-General | ||
August 1966 to 12 October 1968 | Víctor Suances y Díaz del Río , Commissioner-General | ||
12 October 1968 | Independence as Republic of Equatorial Guinea [1] |
For continuation after independence, see: List of presidents of Equatorial Guinea
Equatorial Guinea, officially the Republic of Equatorial Guinea, is a country on the west coast of Central Africa, with an area of 28,000 square kilometres (11,000 sq mi). Formerly the colony of Spanish Guinea, its post-independence name refers to its location near both the Equator and in the African region of Guinea. As of 2024, the country had a population of 1,795,834, over 85% of whom are members of the Fang people, the country's dominant ethnic group. The Bubi people, indigenous to Bioko, are the second largest group at approximately 6.5% of the population.
The History of Equatorial Guinea is marked by centuries of colonial domination by the Portuguese, British and Spanish colonial empires, and by the local kingdoms.
The politics of Equatorial Guinea take place in a framework of a presidential republic, whereby the President is both the head of state and head of government. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the Chamber of People's Representatives
Malabo is the capital of Equatorial Guinea and the province of Bioko Norte. It is located on the north coast of the island of Bioko. In 2018, the city had a population of approximately 297,000 inhabitants.
The flag of Equatorial Guinea was adopted on August 21, 1979. The six stars on the flag represent Equatorial Guinea's mainland and five islands. Under the rule of dictator Francisco Nguema the flag was modified and a different national emblem was used in it. After he was deposed the original flag was restored.
Spanish Guinea was a set of insular and continental territories controlled by Spain from 1778 in the Gulf of Guinea and on the Bight of Bonny, in Central Africa. It gained independence in 1968 as Equatorial Guinea.
Bonifacio Ondó Edú-Aguong was an Equatoguinean politician who served as the Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea from 1964 to 1968 while it was still under Spanish colonial rule, as Spanish Guinea. He played a leading role in the country's independence, and led the National Union Movement of Equatorial Guinea from 1959 until his death.
The Portuguese-speaking African countries, also known as Lusophone Africa, consist of six African countries in which the Portuguese language is an official language: Angola, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, São Tomé and Príncipe and, since 2011, Equatorial Guinea. The six countries are former colonies of the Portuguese Empire. From 1778 until independence, Equatorial Guinea was also a colony of the Spanish Empire.
Adolfo Obiang Biko is an author, politician and president of the National Liberation Movement of Equatorial Guinea (MONALIGE). He is known as an active participant and a leading freedom fighter in the struggle for independence of Equatorial Guinea from Spain.
This is a survey of the postage stamps and postal history of Equatorial Guinea, formerly known as Spanish Guinea.
Christianity in Equatorial Guinea dates back to pre-independence, when Equatorial Guinea was a colony of Portugal and Spain. In 2023 almost 90% of the population are Christian. Of these 71% are Roman Catholics, though there are also a few thousand Protestants, mainly from the Reformed Church, but also Methodists and Presbyterians.
The vice president of Equatorial Guinea is the second highest political position obtainable in Equatorial Guinea. Following the 2011 constitutional reform, there is a provision for two vice presidents who are appointed by the president of Equatorial Guinea.
Equatorial Guinea–Spain relations are the diplomatic relations between Equatorial Guinea and Spain. Both nations are members of the Association of Academies of the Spanish Language, Organization of Ibero-American States and the United Nations.
The Popular Idea of Equatorial Guinea was a nationalist political group created at the end of the 1950s with the goal of establishing independence in Equatorial Guinea. The IPGE is considered to be the first formal Equatoguinean political party. The IPGE was founded by a group of exiles living in Gabon and Cameroon, with their official headquarters in Ambam. Early party leaders included Clemente Ateba, José Perea Epota, Antonio Eqoro, Jaime Nseng, and Enrique Nvó, who was credited for starting the IPGE during his time in exile in Ambam. Nvo's radical political ideas and his rise to power in sections of northern Rio Muni concerned Spanish authorities, who allegedly paid contract killers to assassinate him in 1959.
The nations of Equatorial Guinea and Mexico established diplomatic relations in 1975. Both nations are members of the Association of Academies of the Spanish Language, Organization of Ibero-American States and the United Nations.