Demographics of Namibia

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Demographics of Namibia
Namibia single age population pyramid 2020.png
Population pyramid of Namibia in 2020
Population2,727,409 (2022 est.)
Growth rate1.82% (2022 est.)
Birth rate25.01 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Death rate6.85 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Life expectancy66.47 years
  male64.46 years
  female68.53 years
Fertility rate2.98 children born/woman (2022 est.)
Infant mortality rate29.42 deaths/1,000 live births
Net migration rate0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Age structure
0–14 years35.68%
65 and over3.9%
Nationality
NationalityNamibian

This is a demography of the population of Namibia including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

Contents

Population

Demographics of Namibia, Data of FAO, year 2005; Number of inhabitants in thousands. Namibia population.svg
Demographics of Namibia, Data of FAO, year 2005; Number of inhabitants in thousands.
Population density in Namibia by regions (census 2011) Namibia Population Density (2011).jpg
Population density in Namibia by regions (census 2011)

Census results

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1921228,916    
1936320,457+2.27%
1946362,464+1.24%
1951439,081+3.91%
1970761,010+2.94%
19811,033,196+2.82%
19911,409,915+3.16%
20011,830,330+2.64%
20112,113,077+1.45%
20233,022,401+3.03%

As required by the Namibian Statistics Act #66 of 1976, and in accordance with United Nations recommendations, a census is conducted every ten years. After Namibian independence the first Population and Housing Census was carried out in 1991, further rounds followed in 2001 and 2011. [1] The data collection method is to count every person resident in Namibia wherever they happen to be. This is called the de facto method. [2] For enumeration purposes the country is demarcated into 4,042 enumeration areas. These areas overlap with constituency boundaries in order to get reliable data for election purposes as well. [3]

The 2011 Population and Housing Census counted 2,113,077 inhabitants of Namibia. Between 2001 and 2011 the annual population growth was 1.4%, down from 2.6% in the previous ten–year period. [4]

In 2011 the total fertility rate was 3.6 children per woman, down from 4.1 in 2001.

UN estimates

According to the 2022 revision of the World Population Prospects [5] [6] the total population was 2,530,151 in 2021, compared to only 485 000 in 1950. The proportion of children below the age of 15 in 2010 was 36.4%, 59.9% was between 15 and 65 years of age, while 3.7% was 65 years or older . [7]

Total populationPopulation aged 0–14 (%)Population aged 15–64 (%)Population aged 65+ (%)
1950485 00038.857.14.1
1955538 00040.555.64.0
1960603 00041.654.73.7
1965683 00042.553.93.6
1970780 00043.153.33.6
1975906 00044.352.23.5
19801 013 00046.649.93.5
19851 150 00047.049.53.5
19901 415 00043.7533.4
19951 651 0004254.63.4
20001 896 00040.356.33.4
20052 080 00038.957.63.4
20102 283 00036.459.93.7

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2020) (Based on the results of the 2011 Population Census.): [8]

Age GroupMaleFemaleTotal%
Total1 217 9761 286 5222 504 498100
0–4168 415164 699333 11413.30
5–9157 646154 774312 42012.47
10–14137 092135 235272 32710.87
15–19118 166117 873236 0399.42
20–24118 207121 535239 7429.57
25–29110 095115 411225 5069.00
30–3494 96799 744194 7117.77
35–3974 59180 644155 2356.20
40–4461 71967 206128 9255.15
45–4949 37056 034105 4044.21
50–5437 31944 62081 9393.27
55–5928 79237 24366 0352.64
60–6420 00228 44848 4501.93
65–6915 30321 16236 4651.46
70–7411 84116 46028 3011.13
75–796 90411 06417 9680.72
80+7 54714 37021 9170.88
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0–14463 153454 708917 86136.65
15–64713 228768 7581 481 98659.17
65+41 59563 056104 6514.18

Vital statistics

Registration of vital events in Namibia is not complete. The website Our World in Data prepared the following estimates based on statistics from the Population Department of the United Nations. [9]

Mid-year populationLive birthsDeathsNatural changeCrude birth rate (per 1000)Crude death rate (per 1000)Natural change (per 1000) Total fertility rate (TFR) Infant mortality (per 1000 live births) Life expectancy (in years)
1950  515 000  22 000  12 000  10 00042.022.519.55.75141.741.5
1951  521 000  22 000  12 000  10 00042.022.419.65.79140.341.8
1952  527 000  22 000  12 000  11 00042.022.020.05.83137.642.4
1953  534 000  22 000  12 000  11 00042.021.620.45.89134.743.0
1954  540 000  23 000  11 000  11 00041.921.120.85.93131.843.7
1955  547 000  23 000  11 000  12 00041.720.721.15.97128.844.3
1956  555 000  23 000  11 000  12 00041.620.221.46.01125.744.9
1957  562 000  23 000  11 000  12 00041.619.721.86.05122.645.6
1958  571 000  24 000  11 000  13 00041.619.222.36.10119.446.3
1959  580 000  24 000  11 000  13 00041.618.822.86.14116.146.9
1960  590 000  25 000  11 000  14 00041.818.223.56.21112.947.7
1961  601 000  25 000  11 000  15 00042.017.824.26.27109.748.4
1962  614 000  26 000  11 000  15 00042.317.325.06.34106.649.1
1963  627 000  27 000  11 000  16 00042.616.925.76.40103.549.7
1964  642 000  28 000  11 000  17 00042.816.426.36.43100.650.4
1965  658 000  28 000  11 000  18 00043.016.026.96.4697.851.0
1966  675 000  29 000  11 000  18 00043.115.727.46.4995.151.4
1967  693 000  30 000  11 000  19 00043.315.427.96.5192.552.0
1968  712 000  31 000  11 000  20 00043.515.028.56.5490.152.6
1969  733 000  32 000  11 000  21 00043.614.629.06.5587.753.1
1970  754 000  33 000  11 000  22 00043.714.329.46.5585.453.6
1971  777 000  34 000  11 000  23 00043.913.930.06.5583.154.2
1972  801 000  35 000  11 000  24 00043.913.530.46.5580.854.8
1973  825 000  36 000  11 000  26 00044.113.130.96.5678.655.4
1974  850 000  37 000  11 000  27 00044.112.831.36.5676.355.9
1975  877 000  39 000  11 000  28 00043.912.431.56.5474.256.5
1976  902 000  39 000  11 000  28 00043.512.031.56.5072.257.0
1977  926 000  40 000  11 000  29 00042.911.731.36.4570.557.6
1978  942 000  40 000  11 000  30 00042.311.331.06.3869.058.1
1979  957 000  39 000  11 000  29 00041.011.129.96.3267.658.4
1980  976 000  40 000  11 000  28 00040.611.628.96.2566.356.8
1981  987 000  40 000  11 000  28 00039.711.428.46.1664.957.1
1982  1 006 000  39 000  11 000  28 00038.611.027.66.0863.357.6
1983  1 033 000  40 000  11 000  29 00038.510.827.86.0061.558.0
1984  1 062 000  41 000  11 000  30 00038.510.428.15.9359.558.5
1985  1 093 000  42 000  11 000  31 00038.510.128.35.8557.359.0
1986  1 128 000  43 000  11 000  32 00038.59.828.75.7755.059.6
1987  1 165 000  45 000  11 000  34 00038.79.529.25.6752.860.2
1988  1 208 000  47 000  11 000  36 00038.99.429.55.5851.060.2
1989  1 288 000  49 000  10 000  39 00039.38.430.95.4749.262.6
1990  1 369 000  55 000  11 000  44 00040.68.332.25.3248.062.5
1991  1 416 000  57 000  12 000  45 00040.18.431.65.2347.062.1
1992  1 462 000  57 000  13 000  45 00039.18.630.55.0746.461.5
1993  1 510 000  57 000  13 000  44 00037.88.829.14.8946.160.9
1994  1 558 000  57 000  14 000  42 00036.39.127.24.6746.459.8
1995  1 605 000  55 000  15 000  40 00034.69.525.14.4347.258.6
1996  1 650 000  54 000  17 000  38 00033.110.222.84.2148.156.9
1997  1 693 000  55 000  18 000  37 00032.610.821.84.1548.955.6
1998  1 736 000  56 000  20 000  36 00032.611.621.04.1549.554.1
1999  1 778 000  57 000  22 000  36 00032.312.120.14.1149.853.0
2000  1 819 000  57 000  23 00034 00031.412.718.73.9849.852.0
2001  1 856 000  56 000  24 000  32 00030.413.117.33.8349.751.3
2002  1 889 000  56 000  25 000  31 00029.713.116.63.7249.151.3
2003  1 915 000  56 000  25 000  31 00029.213.215.93.6249.051.1
2004  1 939 000  56 000  26 000  31 00029.013.215.83.5848.951.2
2005  1 963 000  57 000  25 000  32 00029.013.016.13.5646.851.8
2006  1 987 000  58 000  25 000  33 00029.012.516.53.5443.952.7
2007  2 011 000  59 000  24 000  35 00029.312.017.23.5541.253.7
2008  2 039 000  61 000  24 000  37 00029.711.618.13.5938.154.7
2009  2 068 000  62 000  23 000  39 00030.111.218.93.6136.255.5
2010  2 099 000  64 000  23 000  41 00030.411.119.43.6334.356.0
2011  2 132 000  66 000  23 000  43 00030.810.919.93.6634.656.6
2012  2 167 000  67 000  23 000  45 00031.110.420.73.6835.057.6
2013  2 205 000  68 000  22 000  46 00030.99.921.03.6534.258.7
2014  2 243 000  69 000  21 000  48 00030.79.421.33.6433.559.8
2015  2 283 000  70 000  21 000  49 00030.49.121.33.6033.460.7
2016  2 323 000  70 000  20 000  50 00030.18.721.43.5732.561.7
2017  2 365 000  70 000  20 000  50 00029.58.521.03.5131.662.3
2018  2 406 000  70 000  20 000  50 00029.08.420.63.4631.062.6
2019  2 447 000  70 000  20 000  49 00028.48.220.23.4029.863.1
2020  2 489 000  69 000  21 000  48 00027.98.519.43.3528.762.8
2021  2 530 000  69 000  27 000  42 00027.410.716.73.3027.759.3

Fertility and births

Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (followed by wanted fertility rate in brackets) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR): [10]

YearTotalUrbanRural
CBRTFRCBRTFRCBRTFR
1992425,4 (4,8)434,0 (3,4)426,3 (5,8)
200030,54,2 (3,4)29,93,1 (2,4)30,85,1 (4,2)
2006–200729,23,6 (2,7)28,82,8 (2,2)29,64,3 (3,3)
201329,53,6 (2,9)30,02,9 (2,4)29,34,7 (3,5)

Fertility data as of 2013 (DHS Program): [11]

RegionTotal fertility ratePercentage of women age 15–49 currently pregnantMean number of children ever born to women age 40–49
Zambezi 4.24.54.4
Erongo 2.96.13.3
Hardap 3.73.83.4
Karas 3.46.43.4
Kavango 4.66.85.4
Khomas 2.66.42.7
Kunene 4.58.54.6
Ohangwena 5.39.85.2
Omaheke 4.68.64.2
Omusati 4.26.33.6
Oshana 2.76.23.1
Oshikoto 4.25.74.0
Otjozondjupa 4.15.44.0

Life expectancy at birth

Life expectancy from 1950 to 2015 (UN World Population Prospects): [12]

PeriodLife expectancy in
Years
1950–195541.75
1955–1960Increase2.svg 45.27
1960–1965Increase2.svg 48.43
1965–1970Increase2.svg 51.20
1970–1975Increase2.svg 53.52
1975–1980Increase2.svg 56.63
1980–1985Increase2.svg 58.34
1985–1990Increase2.svg 60.67
1990–1995Increase2.svg 61.52
1995–2000Decrease2.svg 58.11
2000–2005Decrease2.svg 53.83
2005–2010Increase2.svg 54.98
2010–2015Increase2.svg 61.75

Ethnic groups

Namibia has many ethnic groups. The 9 main ethnic groups are:

The majority of the Namibian population is of Bantu-speaking origin—mostly of the Ovambo ethnicity, which forms about half of the population—residing mainly in the north of the country, although many are now resident in towns throughout Namibia. They also include the Lozi people and Kavango people. Other ethnic groups are the Herero and Himba people, who speak a similar language, and the Damara, who speak the same "click" language as the Nama. As of 2022 Herero and Nama peoples make up less than 10% of the population, but at the beginning of the 20th century and before the Herero and Namaqua Genocide, they made up a majority. [13]

In addition to the Bantu majority, there are large groups of San, who are descendants of the original culture of Southern Africa, as well as Nama who are descendants of the above as well as mixed with colonists.They often speak Khoekhoegowab. The country also contains some descendants of refugees from Angola. There are also two smaller groups of people with mixed racial origins, called "Coloureds" and "Basters", who together make up 8.0% (with the Coloureds outnumbering the Basters two to one). There is a substantial Chinese minority in Namibia; it stood at 40,000 in 2006. [14]

Himba people in northern Namibia Himba Woman and Family.JPG
Himba people in northern Namibia

Whites (mainly of Afrikaner, German, British and Portuguese origin) make up between 4.0 and 7.0% of the population. Although their proportion of the population decreased after independence due to emigration and lower birth rates, they still form the second-largest population of European ancestry, both in terms of percentage and actual numbers, in Sub-Saharan Africa (after South Africa/Angola). [15] The majority of Namibian whites and nearly all those who are of mixed race, speak Afrikaans and share similar origins, culture, and religion as the white and coloured populations of South Africa. A large minority of whites (around 30,000) trace their family origins back to the German settlers who colonised Namibia prior to the British confiscation of German lands after World War I, and they maintain German cultural and educational institutions. Nearly all Portuguese settlers came to the country from the former Portuguese colony of Angola. [16] The 1960 census reported 526,004 persons in what was then South West Africa, including 73,464 whites (14%). [17]

Racial groups in Namibia [18]
Racial groups
African
87.5%
Mixed
6.5%
White
6.0%
Tribes in Namibia [18]
Tribe
Ovambo
50%
Kavangos
9%
Herero
7%
Damara
7%
Nama
5%
Lozi
4%
Bushmen
3%
Tswana
0.5%

Languages

A Nama tribal smoking a roll Nama Woman Smoking Kalahari Desert Namibia Luca Galuzzi 2004.JPG
A Nama tribal smoking a roll
Distribution of Oshiwambo (2011) Sprachenverteilung Oshivambo Namibia (2011).svg
Distribution of Oshiwambo (2011)
Distribution of Khoekhoe (also known as Nama or Damara (2011) Sprachenverteilung Khoekhoegowab Namibia (2011).svg
Distribution of Khoekhoe (also known as Nama or Damara (2011)
Distribution of Afrikaans (2011) Sprachenverteilung Afrikaans Namibia (2011).svg
Distribution of Afrikaans (2011)
Distribution of Otjiherero (2011) Sprachenverteilung Otjiherero Namibia (2011).svg
Distribution of Otjiherero (2011)
Distribution of Kavango languages (2001) Distribution of Kavango languages in Namibia.png
Distribution of Kavango languages (2001)
Distribution of Silozi (2001) Distribution of Caprivi languages in Namibia.png
Distribution of Silozi (2001)

Religion

Missionary work during the 19th century drew many Namibians to Christianity, especially Lutheranism. While most Namibian Christians are Lutheran, there also are Roman Catholic, Methodist, Anglican, African Methodist Episcopal, and Dutch Reformed Christians represented.

Other demographic statistics

Modern education and medical care have been extended in varying degrees to most rural areas in recent years. The literacy rate of Africans is generally low except in sections where missionary and government education efforts have been concentrated, such as Ovamboland. The Africans speak various indigenous languages.

Demographic statistics according to the World Population Review in 2022. [19]

The following demographic are from the CIA World Factbook [20] unless otherwise indicated.

Population

2,727,409 (2022 est.)
2,533,224 (July 2018 est.)

Religions

Christian 97.5%, other 0.6% (includes Muslim, Baha'i, Jewish, Buddhist), unaffiliated 1.9% (2020 est.)

Age structure

0–14 years: 35.68% (male 473,937/female 464,453)
15–24 years: 20.27% (male 267,106/female 265,882)
25–54 years: 35.47% (male 449,132/female 483,811)
55–64 years: 4.68% (male 54,589/female 68,619)
65 years and over: 3.9% (2020 est.) (male 43,596/female 58,948)
0–14 years: 36.54% (male 467,392 /female 458,190)
15–24 years: 20.34% (male 257,190 /female 257,984)
25–54 years: 34.74% (male 421,849 /female 458,118)
55–64 years: 4.46% (male 50,459 /female 62,478)
65 years and over: 3.93% (male 42,381 /female 57,183) (2018 est.)

Birth rate

25.01 births/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 45th
25.33 births/1,000 population (2021 est.) Country comparison to the world: 45th

Death rate

6.85 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 124th
7.07 deaths/1,000 population (2021 est.) Country comparison to the world: 117th

Total fertility rate

2.94 children born/woman (2023 est.) Country comparison to the world: 50th
2.98 children born/woman (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 48th
3.03 children born/woman (2021 est.) Country comparison to the world: 48th

Median age

total: 21.8 years. Country comparison to the world: 183rd
male: 21.1 years
female: 22.6 years (2020 est.)

Population growth rate

1.82% (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 50th
1.83% (2020 est.) Country comparison to the world: 45th

Mother's mean age at first birth

21.5 years (2013 est.)
note: median age at first birth among women 25–29[ clarification needed ]

Contraceptive prevalence rate

56.1% (2013)

Net migration rate

0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 94th

Urbanization

urban population: 54% of total population (2022)
rate of urbanization: 3.64% annual rate of change (2020–25 est.)
urban population: 50% of total population (2018)
rate of urbanization: 4.2% annual rate of change (2015–20 est.)

Major infectious diseases

degree of risk: high (2020)
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases: malaria
water contact diseases: schistosomiasis

Dependency ratios

total dependency ratio: 68.1 (2015 est.)
youth dependency ratio: 62.2 (2015 est.)
elderly dependency ratio: 5.8 (2015 est.)
potential support ratio: 17.1 (2015 est.)

Education expenditures

9.4% of GDP (2020) Country comparison to the world: 6th

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female (2017 est.)
under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female (2017 est.)
15–64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female (2017 est.)
65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female (2017 est.)
total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2017 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 65.87 years (2021 est.) Country comparison to the world: 197th
male: 63.9 years (2021 est.)
female: 67.9 years (2021 est.)

HIV/AIDS

adult prevalence rate: 12.7% (2019 est.) Country comparison to the world: 6th

people living with HIV/AIDS: 210,000 (2019 est.)

deaths: 3,000 (2019 est.)

Nationality

noun: Namibian(s)
adjective: Namibian

Literacy

definition: age 15 and over can read and write (2015 est.)

total population: 91.5% (2018 est.)
male: 91.6% (2018 est.)
female: 91.4% (2018 est.)

Unemployment, youth ages 15–24

total: 38%
male: 37.5%
female: 38.5% (2018 est.)

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References

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